CN1012589B - Boiler with two fluidised bed - Google Patents
Boiler with two fluidised bedInfo
- Publication number
- CN1012589B CN1012589B CN88101563.6A CN88101563A CN1012589B CN 1012589 B CN1012589 B CN 1012589B CN 88101563 A CN88101563 A CN 88101563A CN 1012589 B CN1012589 B CN 1012589B
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- burning zone
- boiler
- fluid bed
- section
- bed
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
- F23C10/18—Details; Accessories
- F23C10/24—Devices for removal of material from the bed
- F23C10/26—Devices for removal of material from the bed combined with devices for partial reintroduction of material into the bed, e.g. after separation of agglomerated parts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B31/00—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus
- F22B31/0007—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed
- F22B31/0015—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed for boilers of the water tube type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
- F23C10/005—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus comprising two or more beds
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
- F23C10/02—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed
- F23C10/04—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone
- F23C10/08—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases
- F23C10/10—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases the separation apparatus being located outside the combustion chamber
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C6/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion
- F23C6/02—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in parallel arrangement
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
- F23J15/022—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow
- F23J15/027—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow using cyclone separators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
- F23J2215/20—Sulfur; Compounds thereof
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J2217/00—Intercepting solids
- F23J2217/20—Intercepting solids by baffles
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J2219/00—Treatment devices
- F23J2219/60—Sorption with dry devices, e.g. beds
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
Abstract
A two fluidized bed type boiler comprises: an upstream combustion zone forming a fluidized bed of sand in which pulverized coal is burnt with air fed as a fluidizing gas; a downstream desulfurizing zone forming a fluidized bed of particulate limestone with flue gases stemming from the combustion zone as fluidizing gases; and an intermediate dust collecting zone, in which a baffle plate facing the combustion zone and extending downwards is provided, is arranged between the upstream and downstream zones to form a single and unitary passage for a flow of the flue gases over the three zones.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of improved fluidized-bed combustion boiler, the fuel as coal dust or broken coal and so on of being used for burning is to reduce the pollution of boiler exhaust gas to atmosphere.Present invention is specifically related to a boiler with two fluidised bed, it has the upstream burning zone and the downstream desulfurization section that forms the fluid bed of graininess sulphur acceptor that form the fluid bed of graininess heat-carrying agent.
As everyone knows, Fluidized Bed Boiler has one by vertically extending cylindrical or burning zone that rectangular vessel forms, has perforated distributor and a heat exchanger that is used to produce steam that is located at the air distribution plate top that a level is installed.Graininess thermophore and fluidizing agent are deposited on the air distribution plate, form a fluid bed in the top of burning zone, the downstream of air distribution plate, send the burning particles as coal dust and so on to act as a fuel to the downstream of air distribution plate.Blowing as fluidisation and oxidizing gas in upstream to burning zone bottom, air distribution plate, and is upward through horizontal air distribution plate.The burning particles of fluidized state and air reaction and produce the combustion heat.
This heat energy is passed to the heat exchanger that is located in the fluid bed directly or indirectly.During indirect heat transfer, the heat-carrying agent particle of fluidized state is heated, and contacts with heat-exchanger surface, and sensible heat is passed to heat exchanger.
In the fluidized-bed combustion boiler of this routine, sand or lime stone have been used.When using lime stone, after the boiler operatiopn certain hour, lime stone by drawing off in the boiler, and is outwelled after its energy recovery as heat-carrying and fluidizing agent and sulphur acceptor.
By the solid particle that boiler smoke is taken away, comprise the lime and the lime-ash of unburnt coal, consumption.Separate with flue gas with cyclone dust collectors, separated solid particle returns in the former boiler then or is sent to second burning zone of another fluid bed of forming separated solid particle or burning zone again, send into air again, and send into fresh fuels such as coal or heavy oil as the postcombustion that burns again as fluidisation and oxidizing gas.
In a word, resemble this class solid particle fuel of coal, contain incombustible lime-ash, in the middle of the boiler long-play, bigger lime-ash will accumulate on the fluid bed of boiler in this solid fuel, this dust stratification needs regularly to be removed by the enterprising pedestrian worker of fluid bed, and after reclaiming heat by the heat exchanger in the steam generator system it is outwelled.
In this of prior art type fluidized-bed combustion boiler, before the flue gas of boiler is discharged in by steam generator system, send in the desulfurizer by the pipeline that connects boiler and desulfurizer, in case sulfur-bearing causes atmosphere pollution in the flue gas.The sulfur method that desulfurizer adopts is that water or other liquid such as ethylene glycol, amine carry out wet washing, and is subjected to the bulk absorption sulfur oxide or reacts with it with lime stone and so on solid-state.
Also have, in prior art, desulfurizer links together by a mechanical separator and a fluidized-bed combustion boiler as cyclone dust collectors and so on.Cyclone dust collectors are used for the lime-ash taken away in the branch separable flue gas and so on solid particle.
Conventional fluidized-bed combustion boiler as you know, it is to adopt lime stone to replace sand as heat-carrying, desulfurization and fluidizing agent, can remove the sulphur in the flue gas in himself combustion process.But in this case, in fact had better be for boiler is equipped with a desulfurizer, because in burning and desulfurized course of limestone, the sulphur in the flue gas can not be removed fully, thereby flue gas can not be by discharging in the system, in order to avoid atmosphere pollution.This is that this condition must be used in the same lime stone fluid bed owing to run into practical difficulty when the optimum desulfurization condition of the optimal temperature conditions of coordinating coal combustion and flue gas, and the result fails to reach effective desulfurization or sulphur removal in burning and sweetening process.
Recently develop a kind of improved fluidized-bed combustion boiler, it is a kind of vertically arranged double bed type heat, and it has a upstream hypomere, forms a sand fluid bed that only supplies burning usefulness; Also have a downstream epimere, form the lime stone fluid bed that another is used for desulfurization or sulphur removal, these two sections separate with an air distribution plate.The flue gas that produces in the following fluidized bed combustion bed enters in the top fluidisation desulfurization bed by air distribution plate as fluidized gas to be desulfurization.Compare with the single table boiler of the employing lime stone of routine, burning in the fluid bed of two separation and desulfurization temperature condition can be adjusted to optimum state by purposes separately.
United States Patent (USP) NO.4614167 discloses a kind of boiler that has two or more vertically arranged fluidized bed combustion chambers, this boiler comprises first and second of combustion space, top of combustion space, bottom, the bed on granular fuel is arranged, by air supply under the bed as fluidisation and oxidizing gas.
This double bed type heat boiler is better than using the single table boiler of lime stone, also is better than being equipped with additional desulfurizer with the reduction amount of sulfur contenting in smoke, and also will guarantees whole cooker furnace system thermal efficiency bed boiler high, that use sand simultaneously.
But when the low-quality high-ash coal of burning (as cinder etc.), its inventor has admitted that owing to following reason, the last fluid bed section that lime stone is housed can not be given full play to the desulphurizing ability of its expection.One of its reason is because the air distribution plate part of two beds of separation is blocked, and the lime-ash that is mainly contained in the flue gas stops up, and the flue gas stream from following burning bed section is plugged; It two is to carry out flue gas desulfurization and the CaSO that produces with lime stone
4Reduced the fusing point of ashes, the ash amount that causes being deposited on the limestone particle increases, and hinders sweetening process.
First purpose of the present invention is the above-mentioned shortcoming that conventional boiler with two fluidised bed produced that overcomes the granular solids fuel (for example cinder) that uses sulfur-bearing and more ash content with a kind of novel boiler with two fluidised bed, to improve desulfuration efficiency.
Second purpose of the present invention provides the improved steam generator system of above-mentioned novel double-fluidized-bed formula, the efficiency of combustion height of system, and do not need extra postcombustion.
The 3rd purpose of the present invention provides a kind of double bed type heat boiler, and its advantage is can burn to contain the coal of " cinder " and so on bulk lime-ash.
Other purpose of the present invention is introduced with reference to the preferred embodiments of the present invention.
The invention provides a kind of fluidized-bed combustion boiler, it has a burning zone that produces flue gas and flying dust, forms the fluid bed of the graininess heat-carrying agent of sand and so on, and air is sent into as fluidisation and oxic gas, the burning particles of the sulfur-bearing of coal dust and so on acts as a fuel and sends into, and is provided with heat-exchange apparatus; Also have a desulfurization section, form the fluid bed of the graininess sulphur acceptor of lime stone and so on, send into as fluidizing gas to be desulfurization from the sulfur-containing smoke gas of burning zone, and a heat-exchange device is set in the upstream of fluid bed.Be provided with the dedusting section of a band ash hole, be used for capturing the solid particle that comprises the flying dust of carrying secretly in the flue gas, and the solid particle that traps is discharged by ash hole.Burning zone, dedusting section and desulfurization section are arranged in order, and form single, a whole flue gas circulation passage.
Three sections of arranging by above-mentioned order combine lateral means of formation, shared first horizontal space of burning zone and dedusting section, and shared second horizontal space of dedusting section and desulfurization section.
The dedusting section has last hypomere two parts, and epimere partly has a dust block board towards burning zone, and is stretched out downwards by the top board of dedusting section.The epimere part is divided into two chambers by dust block board, and only lead to mutually by the hypomere part two chambers, and one of them chamber directly links to each other with burning zone by the opening on its top, forms the upstream extremity of first shared horizontal space; Shared second horizontal space in another chamber and desulfurization section bottom fluidization bed upstream.The convergence downwards of hypomere part links to each other with the ash hole of dedusting section.
Dust block board preferably has the flute profile device of a upward opening, and its bottom extends to the whole width of dust block board, so that collect the solid particle that falls along dust block board.Be provided with two tubes, an every end that is connected to the flute profile device extends downwards along hypomere part inwall, with the solid particle guiding ash hole of collecting.Preferably make towards the central point of peak between two base angles of the hemline of the dust block board of burning zone, downwards, extend to two base angles by this peak hemline.The flute profile device extends along the base broken line of dust block board.
Preferably make dust block board favour vertical plane, make the bottom of dust block board leave burning zone far than the dust block board top that is connected on the dedusting section top board.
The ash hole of this dedusting section can be communicated with burning zone, so that the part of the solid particle of discharge is turned back in the fluid bed of burning zone.
Fluidized-bed combustion boiler can have a burning zone again, forms a mixture fluid bed that is made of the solid particle of uncombusted fuel.Air is sent into as fluidisation and oxidizing gas.Burning zone and dedusting Duan Junyu burning zone again communicate, and make from burning zone fluid bed part solid particle of discharging and the total solids of discharging from dedusting section ash hole, form the fluid bed of burning zone in combustion process again.Burning zone communicates with desulfurization section at its at least one place of fluid bed upstream and downstream again, so that flue gas is caused desulfurization section by burning zone again.Do not need postcombustion, can produce enough heat energy and burn from the unburnt coal of dedusting section because include solid particle from the heat-carrying agent of burning zone.
Burning zone all is communicated with desulfurization section at its fluid bed upstream and downstream place, and the equipment of adjusting fluid bed upstream with downstream flue gas flow ratio is provided.
There is not a particle separator to communicate, makes a solid particle part in the burning zone fluid bed enter particle separator and separate, so that the particle of discharging is divided into granule and bulky grain with burning zone with the boiler of burning zone again.Be equipped with a recirculation conduit with separator, be used for granule is sent back in the fluid bed of burning zone.
The another kind of boiler that is provided with again burning zone has a particle separator to link to each other with burning zone again, the solid particle part in the burning zone fluid bed is entered in the separator, so that the particle of discharging is divided into bulky grain and granule.Be equipped with a recirculation conduit with separator, be used for granule is sent back in the fluid bed of burning zone.
According to the present invention, burning zone and dedusting section can have many cover combinations, and many cover combinations can be arranged around single desulfurization section.
Fig. 1 is the partial sectional view of double fluidized-bed boiler of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the dedusting section sectional elevation in the boiler shown in Figure 1;
The dedusting section sectional elevation of Fig. 3 for being intercepted along Fig. 2 center line III-III;
Fig. 4 is the sectional elevation of dust block board in the dedusting section of the band-slot device that intercepted along Fig. 3 center line IV-IV and two coupled pipes;
Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 are respectively lime-ash siliceous (Si) amount that deposits on the barren rock lime stone of discharging in prior art and the double bed type heat boiler desulfurization section of the present invention and the microprobe analysis comparative graph of flue gas sulfur-bearing (S) quantitative changeization;
Fig. 7 is the graph of relation of desulfuration efficiency and dust burdening, and this figure adopts in desulfurization section separately prior art and the present invention under the situation of a great deal of lime stone and compares;
Fig. 8 is and the partial sectional view of corresponding, of the present invention another double bed type heat boiler of Fig. 1 that it is different from boiler part shown in Figure 1 is that the dedusting section is connected with burning zone, so that send the solid particle that is trapped back to;
Fig. 9 is and the partial sectional view of corresponding another double bed type heat boiler of Fig. 1 that it is different from boiler part shown in Figure 1 is the burning zone again that a formation fluid bed is arranged.
Figure 1 shows that the basic embodiment of double bed type heat boiler I of the present invention.Referring to Fig. 1, the boiler I has a pair of rectangular vessel, wherein forms two burning fluidisation casting beds, to call " burning zone 10 " in the following text.Each burning zone 10 has a following chamber 12 and a last chamber 14, and the perforated distributor of being installed by a level 15 separates.There is an air inlet 11 following chamber 12, sends into down chamber 12 as the air of fluidisation and oxic gas continuously by air inlet, upwards enters chamber 14 by air distribution plate 15 then.There is a coal feed point last chamber 14, and coal dust enters in the chamber 14 continuously by coal feed point, also is provided with to produce the tubing heat exchanger 2 that steam is used in last chamber 14.In advance sand predetermined quantity, that use as heat-carrying and fluidizing agent is packed into and go up in the chamber 14.There is an exhanst gas outlet 13 by its top smoke evacuation usefulness last chamber 14.
The boiler I has the container of a pair of formation dedusting section 20 in addition, and side direction is adjacent to two corresponding burning zones 10 respectively.Each dedusting section 20 is made up of a hypomere part 22 and epimere part 24.A dust block board 25 is stretched out downwards by the sealing top board in the dedusting section 20 epimere parts 24, and epimere part 24 is divided into two chamber 24a and 24b.One of chamber 24a of the epimere part that links to each other with burning zone 10 is total to same horizontal space with burning zone 10, and an end in this space is the exhanst gas outlet 13 of burning zone 10.The hypomere part 22 of dedusting section 20 restrains downwards, and its bottom-open forms a particle outlet 23.Two the chamber 24a and the 24b of epimere part only interconnect by hypomere part 22.
A rectangular vessel that forms graininess lime stone fluid bed is arranged, to call " desulfurization section 30 " in the following text.Desulfurization section 30 has following chamber 32 and last chamber 34, and the perforated distributor of being installed by a level 35 separates.The shared horizontal space of another chamber 24b that the following chamber 32 of desulfurization section 30 and the epimere part of dedusting section 20 24 form.There is a graininess lime stone import the last chamber 34 of desulfurization section 30, will pack in advance by this import as fluidizing agent and then as desulfurization medium or the lime stone sulphur acceptor, predetermined quantity in the last chamber 34.Change with new lime stone termly with the lime stone of crossing.There is first waste heat boiler 3 to be located at the downstream of vulcanizing bed in the last chamber 34 of desulfurization section 30, and link to each other with second waste heat boiler 4 by pipeline 40.A conventional mechanical formula deduster 50 is established in the downstream of second waste heat boiler 4.Deduster 50 convergences form an ash hole, and ash hole is connected with dust treating apparatus (not shown) by the pipeline 52 of taking back rotary valve 54.Deduster 50 also has the pipeline 56 of a smoke discharging, and flue gas enters in the atmosphere at last by bag filter or electrostatic precipitator (not shown) then.
Be provided with the particle separator 60 of a routine, the solid particle of sending into wherein is divided into bulky grain and granule.Burning zone links to each other with separator 60 by conduit 18, the interior solid particle of fluid bed of burning zone 10 partly is removed, and sends into continuously in the separator 60.Burning zone 10 also is connected by a recycling pipe 64 with separator 60, and separator 60 interior isolated granules are returned in the fluid bed of burning zone 10 continuously.As the periodic replacement of the sand of heat-carrying and fluidizing agent and (or) replenish fresh sand as required.The particulate matter that is eliminated is outwelled after carrying out recuperation of heat processing (not shown).Pass through conduit 66 by discharge continuously in the steam generator system by separator 60 isolated bulky grains, and after carrying out recuperation of heat processing (not shown), outwell.
The ash hole 23 of dedusting section 20 is connected with heat exchanger 5 by a dust conduit 26 of taking back rotary valve 27, and the solid particle that dedusting area 20 is captured passes through heat exchanger 5 by regularly discharging in the boiler I as useless ash, the recuperation of heat of the ash that gives up in heat exchanger 5.
Another kind method is that the pipeline 26 with dedusting section ash hole 23 places is connected on the pipeline 40 of second waste heat boiler 4 upstream, and is not connected with heat exchanger 5, and shown in dotted arrow 26a, in the case, 5 of heat exchangers remove from steam generator system.
Fig. 2,3 and 4 illustrates the preferred container 21 that forms dedusting section 20, and it is located between upstream burning zone 10 and the downstream desulfurization section 30.Container 21 forms the vertical bottom of chamber 32 down of desulfurization section 30, it and the shared above-mentioned horizontal space of the 24b of downstream chamber that forms by the epimere part 24 of dedusting section 20, and then form a passage that crosses out that links to each other with burning zone 10 exhaust openings 13, this passage forms another the above-mentioned horizontal space shown in the 24A, and this space is shared by upstream chamber 24a and burning zone 10 that the epimere of dedusting section 20 partly forms.
Referring to Fig. 2 to 4, dust block board 25 is towards adjacent burning zone 10, and favours vertical plane, and it is far away to make the bottom of dust block board 25 leave burning zone 10 than dust block board 25 tops.The mid point of dust block board 25 hemline peaks between two minimum points that form by relative two base angles, and stretch to each end point by the highest central point always.Heat-resistant insulation material lining 27 is arranged on the inner surface of container 21.
The container 21 that forms dedusting section shown in Figure 2 carries out list cover Combination Design by burning zone 10 and dedusting section 20 with single desulfurization section 30.Shown in Figure 1 then is that burning zone 10 and dedusting section 20 make up with two the overlapping of single desulfurization section 30.Under the situation of as shown in Figure 1 many covers combination, the vertical chamber 34 down of the single desulfurization section 30 that is formed by container shown in Figure 2 21 partly is designed to respectively the 24b of the downstream chamber lateral open towards a plurality of dedusting sections 20 formation.
In the double bed type heat boiler I of as above arranging, coal dust is sent to continuously by the last chamber 14 continuous air-supplies formed fluidisation casting bed of air distribution plate 15 toward burning zone 10.The coal of sending into burns effectively with fluidization air under fluidized state and produces the combustion heat, and produces the flue gas that contains flying dust.As mentioned above, a part of heat that is produced reclaims in the fluid bed of fluidisation sand as heat-carrying agent directly or indirectly with heat exchanger 2, so that produce steam in heat exchanger 2.
The flue gas that contains dust granule and unburnt coal is sent to dedusting section 20, and most of there solid particle is separated from flue gas, and flows to ash hole 23 downwards.The flue gas that solid content has reduced flows into desulfurization sections 30 by dedusting section 20, makes the graininess lime stone fluidisation above the air distribution plate 35.The fluidisation flue gas is subjected to desulfurization and handles when contacting with the lime stone that is fluidized.Flue gas after the desulfurization by second waste heat boiler 4, is passed to two boilers with heat then by first waste heat boiler 3, so that produce steam.The flue gas that produces is discharged steam generator systems by flue 56, and as the solid particle of useless ash by particle separator 50 by separating in the flue gas, and drain by pipeline 52.
The solid particle that dedusting section 20 traps is removed by operation revolving valve 27, and is made it flow to heat exchanger 5 by conduit 26.
When the fluid bed internal combustion of burning zone 10, the fluidization solid particle that some are red-hot comprises sand, lime-ash and unburnt coal, is constantly blown out burning zone 10, enters in the particle separator 60 by conduit 18 then.Separated device 60 isolated granules are sent back in the sulfuration bed of burning zone 10 and are reused, and bulky grain is being outwelled after the over-heat-exchanger (not shown) carries out recuperation of heat.
Consider that from the viewpoint that realizes the fluid bed active combustion optimum grain-diameter of coal dust is 0.4 to 3 millimeter.But in fact, comprise as the particulate coal of the lime-ash of cinder and so on and also must use.This granular coal contains a large amount of particle diameters greater than 6 millimeters lime-ash.In this respect, remove a part and form combustion fluidized bed particle, and this part particle is separated into particle diameter less than 3 millimeters particle and big size particles with separator 60, and by pipeline 64 with the particle of small particle diameter send back to combustion fluidized bed in, it is very beneficial doing like this.
Small size particle recycles like this, makes powder footpath flow out burning zone less than 0.4 millimeter particle as flying dust, and most of flying dust is then captured by the dedusting section, and drains from steam generator system.
Though the deduster among the present invention is provided with conduit 29 along hypomere part inwall, 29 pairs of flue gas resistances of conduit are little, because conduit is located in the low flow velocity section, in fact its resistance can be ignored.In addition, owing to the flue gas flow rate in two fluid beds is low, and deduster is provided in a side of between two fluid beds, so just do not need to add wear resistance lining on the deduster inner surface.
More at this point, can in deduster, add not too expensive and be easy to make the heat-resistant insulating layer of lining, shown in numbering 27 among Fig. 2 and Fig. 3.
In addition, compare with cyclone dust collectors, this deduster also has an advantage, is exactly that its required installing space is little, and is compacter than whirlwind deduster.
Dust block board inclination downstream is oblique, and compares vertically downward, can reduce the flue gas turbulent flow.
Also have, the vertical length of dust block board 25 can change, and efficiency of dust collection can be regulated.
In addition, the additional dust block board shown in dotted line 25a can also be set, efficiency of dust collection can further be regulated.
As shown in Figure 1, double bed type heat boiler of the present invention can burn, can carry out desulfurization again, and than conventional single table boiler efficiency height, the burning zone of conventional single table boiler is to be used for forming a fluid bed that replaces sand with the graininess lime stone, this is because upstream of the present invention burning zone can provide coal dust firing required optimum temperature, about 950 ℃ to 1000 ℃, and be equipped with in the prior art in single burning zone of lime stone, must adopt lower bed temperature, about 800 ℃ to 850 ℃, this temperature is suitable for flue gas desulfurization most, rather than burning.
In addition, in single burning zone of prior art, flue gas is shorter average time of carrying out desulfurization that contacts with fluid lime stone because in the fluid bed upstream or the flue gas that produces of downstream seldom have an opportunity or have no chance contact the generation desulphurization reaction with fluid lime stone.Right opposite with its year, downstream of the present invention desulfurization section makes the whole flue gases that produce in the burning zone of upstream have identical chance to contact with fluid lime stone, produces desulphurization reaction under best bed temperature.
As shown in Figure 1, boiler with two fluidised bed of the present invention is higher than conventional double bed type heat boiler to the desulfuration efficiency of the flue gas that boiler produces, the upstream burning zone that forms the sand fluid bed in the conventional double bed type heat boiler is arranged vertically with the downstream desulfurization section that forms graininess lime stone fluid bed, and directly connect by air distribution plate, flue gas directly enters tract by air distribution plate by Upstream section.This be because enter in the desulfurization section of the present invention hot flue gas in dedusting section 20 through ash disposal significantly, contain from the upstream burning zone, can pass whole flying dusts of air distribution plate and enter flue gas in the correspondent section in the prior art, and this flying dust can hinder desulfurization, as following with reference to Fig. 5 to Fig. 7 illustrated, in addition, in the boiler in the prior art, the flue gas that contains hot flying dust directly enters, and promptly enters the downstream desulfurization section by the upstream burning zone by a passage the shortest.The flue gas that contains hot fly ash particle so directly enters, and makes the interior bed temperature of desulfurization section control to relatively difficulty of the required optimum temperature of desulphurization reaction, and this temperature is more much lower by the burning optimum temperature than top said burning zone.
Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 illustrate the microprobe analysis content of sulphur (S) and silicon (Si) in the spent lime stone granulate that prior art and double bed type heat boiler of the present invention discharge respectively.Referring to Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, about 3 millimeters of barren rock lime stone particle diameter, and a superficial layer that particle diameter is about 0.4 millimeter is arranged, a large amount of silica SiO as representative dust are distributing in this layer
2Can see that in the place that dust stratification is arranged, the abundance of sulphur (S) is minimum, and maximum in the place that dust stratification stops.Be appreciated that by Fig. 5 conventional double bed type heat boiler is very big with the lip-deep dust stratification amount of crossing of barren rock lime stone, because dust stratification has stopped up the hole of former limestone particle, makes the SO that contains in the flue gas
2Can not enter the inside of particle by hole, the result has only a spot of sulphur (S) to be trapped by limestone particle.
Obviously different with it, Fig. 6 expresses, because the present invention has reduced the ash amount that flue gas is taken away, the dust stratification amount that forms the limestone particle superficial layer is reduced, then increased limestone particle inside from sulphur (S) amount of flue gas, consequently the smoke desulfurization efficiency of (referring to Fig. 7) prior art is low, shown in the A point, in boiler of the present invention, then significantly improve, shown in the B point.Fig. 7 illustrates desulfuration efficiency and the relation curve that enters the flue gas dust burdening variation in the desulfurization section that some lime stones are housed.
Second kind of preferred boiler II of the present invention is shown in figure B, and the same parts of second kind of boiler II and first kind of boiler I shown in Figure 4 illustrates with same numeral.
Fig. 8 compared to Figure 1, second kind of boiler II is identical with first kind of boiler I in fact, difference is that two ash holes 23 of dedusting section 20 are connected with the fluid bed of two burning zones 10 respectively, shown in arrow line, makes the part of the flying dust that traps return burning zone.Another difference is that the pipeline 26 that draws from ash hole 23 combines with pipeline 66, makes the remainder of the ash of being discharged by bulky grain of discharging in the separator 60 and dedusting section 20 carry out outwelling after the recuperation of heat with the heat exchanger (not shown).
According to second kind of boiler II, solid particle partly turns back to the bed temperature that can prevent significantly in the burning zone 10 in the burning zone 10 by dedusting section 20 to be reduced, and compares with first kind of boiler I, and it can improve efficiency of combustion.In addition, generally speaking, the unburnt coal that second kind of boiler II drained with lime-ash as waste material lacks than first kind of boiler I.
Fig. 9 illustrates the third preferred boiler III of the present invention.The parts that the boiler III is identical with II with first and second kinds of boiler I illustrate with same numeral.
The third boiler III is identical with first kind of boiler I in fact, difference is the burning zone again of container that it is provided with a band air distribution plate, forms the fluid bed of two kinds of solid particles below: a kind of solid particle that discharged by part in the fluid bed of burning zone 10 and that send here by conduit 18; Another kind is the solid particle of being discharged by conduit 26 by dedusting section 20.Send into the bottom of container as the air of fluidisation and oxidizing gas, and enter the top of container by air distribution plate.The pipeline 76 of particle separator 60 by taking back rotary valve 72 links to each other with burning zone 70 again, and the solid particle that makes fluidisation partly is removed by the fluid bed of burning zone 70 again, and is sent in the particle separator 60.Separated device 60 isolated granule parts are got back to by conduit 64 in the fluid bed of burning zone 10, and remaining granule is drained by pipeline 67 after carrying out recuperation of heat with heat exchanger 5.Can partly be sent back in the fluid bed of burning zone 10 by the solid particle that dedusting section 20 captures, as with shown in the dotted line of arrow, and all the other particles that trap can be sent in the burning zone 70 again, burning zone 70 is that the unburnt coal that is used for burning zone 10 is sent here can burn under the situation of blowing in the fluid bed of hot solids particle again, and the hot solids particle comprises sand and the ash of being sent here with unburnt coal by burning zone 10.
Do not need additionally to replenish the fuel of new coal or heavy oil and so on when burning again.This is because be about 900 ℃ to 1000 ℃ from the solid particle temperature of the fluid bed of burning zone 10, enough heat energy can be passed to again the fluid bed of burning zone 70, bed temperature is remained on be suitable for unburnt burning of coal temperature.The top of burning zone 70 communicates with the following chamber of desulfurization section 30 again, shown in arrow 75 and 75a, and communicate with pipeline 40 between the first and second two waste heat boilers 3 and 4, shown in arrow 75 and 75b, thereby the flue gas that burning zone 70 is produced can be added in the flue gas from burning zone 10 in the desulfurization section 30 and goes.Be provided with conventional adjusting device (not shown) and be used for adjustments of gas flow rate or regulate the flue gas that is sent to desulfurization section 30 by burning zone again and locate flow-rate ratio with its downstream part at its upstream.
The desulfurization load of desulfurization section 30 can be adjusted to optimum value with specific gas flow rate or flue gas flow ratio with adjusting device, makes the desulfurization in the given boiler reach peak efficiency.
Another kind method is that the recirculation line 64 of band separator 60 can be by leading to bypass on the pipeline 18 of burning zone 10, and do not resemble as shown in Figure 9, in the case, solid particle can partly be discharged by burning zone 70 again, and drains as useless particle after recuperation of heat.
In addition, another kind of method is pipeline 67 can be received on the pipeline 40 in desulfurization section 30 downstreams.
According to the present invention, one or more sets burning zones 10 and dedusting section 20 can be arranged around a desulfurization section 30, constitute the double bed type heat boiler unit of a compactness.Notice that Fig. 1,8 and 9 is double-sleeve type, every cover burning zone 10 and dedusting section 20 are combined with single desulfurization section 30.
The waste heat boiler 3 of first and second conventional formulas and 4 can be in parallel, replaces the series connection shown in Fig. 1,8 and 9.
Claims (11)
1, a kind of boiler with two fluidised bed comprises:
A burning zone (12) that produces flue gas and ash, it forms the fluid bed of a sand and so on graininess heat-carrying agent, and air supply is as fluidisation and oxidizing gas, acts as a fuel with the burning particles of coal dust and so on,
A heat exchanger (2), it is arranged in the burning zone (12),
A waste heat boiler (3),
A desulfurization section (30), its forms the fluid bed of the graininess sulphur acceptor of lime stone and so on, and as sulfuration gas to be desulfurization, waste heat boiler (3) is connected to the downstream of desulfurization section (30) from the sulfur-containing smoke gas of burning zone (12),
A dedusting section (20), it has collects the ash hole (23) that comprises the solid particle of flying dust in the flue gas, and the solid particle that traps is discharged by this ash hole (23),
It is characterized in that:
In order to form a lateral means, described burning zone (12), dedusting section (20) and desulfurization section (30) are arranged to make burning zone (12) and shared one the first public horizontal space of dedusting section (20) (24A) successively, and dedusting section (20) and shared one the second public horizontal space of desulfurization section (30) (24B), wherein dedusting section (20) is by epimere and hypomere two parts (22,24) constitute, epimere part (24) has a dust block board (25), dust block board (25) extends downwards towards burning zone (12) and by the top board of dedusting section (20), epimere part (24) is divided into two chamber (24a by dust block board (25), 24b), these two chamber (24a, 24b) only be interconnected by hypomere part (22), one of them chamber (24a) directly is communicated with burning zone (12) by its upper opening, form the upstream extremity of the first public horizontal space (24A), the desulfurization section bottom shared second public horizontal space (24B) in another chamber (24b) and the fluid bed downstream that is positioned at desulfurization section (30), described hypomere part (22) is convergence downwards, is communicated with the ash hole (23) of dedusting section (20).
2, according to the boiler with two fluidised bed of claim 1, it is characterized in that dust block board (25) has the whole width extension of the flute profile device (28) of a upward opening along its bottom, be used for capturing dust block board (25) and lead next solid particle, also have two conduits (29) to stretch out downwards along the lower inside wall of dust block board (25), every conduit links to each other with an end of flute profile device (28), be used for will trap solid particle guiding ash hole (23).
3, according to the boiler with two fluidised bed of claim 2, it is characterized in that a base broken line being arranged towards the dust block board (25) of burning zone (12), the mid point of its peak between two base angles, the base broken line by this peak downwards, extend to two base angles, flute profile device (28) extends along dust block board (25) base broken line.
4, according to the boiler with two fluidised bed of claim 3, it is characterized in that dust block board (25) favours vertical plane, making the bottom ratio of dust block board (25) be connected to dust block board (25) top on dedusting section (20) top board, to leave burning zone (12) far away.
5, according to any one boiler with two fluidised bed in the claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that the ash hole (23) of dedusting section (20) communicates with burning zone (12), make the solid particle of discharge have at least a part to return the fluid bed of burning zone (12).
6, according to each the boiler with two fluidised bed in the claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that also having a burning zone (70) again, form a mixture fluid bed that contains the solid particle of uncombusted fuel, air is sent into as fluidisation and oxidizing gas, burning zone (12) and dedusting section (20) all communicate with burning zone (70) again, so that solid particle of being discharged by part in the fluid bed of burning zone (12) and the total solids of being discharged by the ash hole (23) of dedusting section (20) are combined, form again the fluid bed of burning zone (70), burning zone (70) communicates with desulfurization section (30) at least one place of the upstream and downstream of its fluid bed again, so that make flue gas enter desulfurization section (30) by burning zone (70) again.
7, according to the boiler with two fluidised bed of claim 6, it is characterized in that again burning zone (70) all communicates with desulfurization section (30) at the upstream and downstream of its fluid bed, and the adjusting device of the flow-rate ratio of the flue gas of adjusting fluid bed upstream introducing and the flue gas that introduce in the downstream is housed.
8, according to any one boiler with two fluidised bed in the claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that being provided with a particle separator (60), this separator (60) communicates with burning zone (12), the interior solid particle of fluid bed of burning zone (12) is partly entered in the particle separator (60), so that the solid particle of discharging is divided into granule and bulky grain, be provided with a recycling pipe (64) with separator (60), be used for granule is sent back in the fluid bed of burning zone (12).
9, according to the boiler with two fluidised bed of claim 5, it is characterized in that being provided with a particle separator (60), this separator (60) communicates with burning zone (12), solid particle in the fluid bed of burning zone (12) is partly entered in the particle separator (60), so that the solid particle of discharging is divided into granule and bulky grain, be provided with a recycling pipe (64) with separator (60), be used for granule is sent back in the fluid bed of burning zone (12).
10, according to the boiler with two fluidised bed of claim 7, it is characterized in that being provided with a particle separator (60), this separator (60) communicates with burning zone (70) again, solid particle in the fluid bed of burning zone (70) partly enters in the separator (60) again, so that the particle of discharging is divided into granule and bulky grain, be provided with a recycling pipe (64) with separator (60), be used for granule is sent back in the fluid bed of burning zone (12).
11,, it is characterized in that burning zone (12) and dedusting section (20) have many cover combinations, and arrange around this desulfurization section (30) according to any one boiler with two fluidised bed in the claim 1 to 4.
Applications Claiming Priority (8)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6863987 | 1987-03-23 | ||
| JP068639/87 | 1987-03-23 | ||
| JP079372/87 | 1987-05-26 | ||
| JP12921387A JPS63294412A (en) | 1987-05-26 | 1987-05-26 | Fludized bed boiler |
| JP7937287U JPH0335930Y2 (en) | 1987-05-26 | 1987-05-26 | |
| JP129213/87 | 1987-05-26 | ||
| JP9059687 | 1987-06-12 | ||
| JP090596/87 | 1987-06-12 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN88101563A CN88101563A (en) | 1988-11-30 |
| CN1012589B true CN1012589B (en) | 1991-05-08 |
Family
ID=27465018
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN88101563.6A Expired CN1012589B (en) | 1987-03-23 | 1988-03-23 | Boiler with two fluidised bed |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4815418A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1012589B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101713533B (en) * | 2007-03-29 | 2012-07-04 | 株式会社日立制作所 | Control device and method of thermal power generation plant |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3910271A1 (en) * | 1989-03-30 | 1990-11-22 | Saarbergwerke Ag | METHOD FOR OPERATING A CARBON-BASED COMBUSTION BED FIRING |
| US5544596A (en) * | 1990-02-01 | 1996-08-13 | Abb Stal Ab | Method of supplying coal and sulphur absorbent to a combustor and a power plant in which the method is applied |
| DE4005305A1 (en) * | 1990-02-20 | 1991-08-22 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | FLUIDIZED LAYER REACTOR |
| US5020456A (en) * | 1990-02-28 | 1991-06-04 | Institute Of Gas Technology | Process and apparatus for emissions reduction from waste incineration |
| US5307746A (en) * | 1990-02-28 | 1994-05-03 | Institute Of Gas Technology | Process and apparatus for emissions reduction from waste incineration |
| US5158449A (en) * | 1991-01-08 | 1992-10-27 | Institute Of Gas Technology | Thermal ash agglomeration process |
| DE4102959A1 (en) * | 1991-02-01 | 1992-08-13 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | METHOD FOR BURNING COAL IN THE CIRCULATING FLUID BED |
| US5243770A (en) * | 1991-07-12 | 1993-09-14 | The Babcock & Wilcox Company | Fluid bed material transfer apparatus |
| US5243922A (en) * | 1992-07-31 | 1993-09-14 | Institute Of Gas Technology | Advanced staged combustion system for power generation from coal |
| US5379705A (en) * | 1992-11-11 | 1995-01-10 | Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Fluidized-bed incinerator |
| US5325823A (en) * | 1992-12-24 | 1994-07-05 | Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation | Large scale fluidized bed reactor |
| US5765365A (en) * | 1993-03-15 | 1998-06-16 | Mitsubishi Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Coal gasification power generator |
| FI941141A (en) * | 1993-03-15 | 1994-09-16 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Energy generator based on gasification of coal |
| US5535687A (en) * | 1994-08-25 | 1996-07-16 | Raytheon Engineers & Constructors | Circulating fluidized bed repowering to reduce Sox and Nox emissions from industrial and utility boilers |
| FR2767906B1 (en) * | 1997-09-01 | 1999-11-12 | Gec Alsthom Stein Ind | DEVICE FOR CAPTURING AND DISCHARGING DUST DRAWN INTO SMOKE FROM THERMAL EQUIPMENT |
| DE19834881B4 (en) | 1998-05-18 | 2007-06-21 | Lentjes Gmbh | Fluidized bed combustion system with steam generation |
| US20020014051A1 (en) * | 2000-04-20 | 2002-02-07 | Fraval Hanafi R. | High strength light-weight fiber ash composite material, method of manufacture thereof, and prefabricated structural building members using the same |
| WO2004027220A1 (en) * | 2002-09-17 | 2004-04-01 | Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation | Advanced hybrid coal gasification cycle utilizing a recycled working fluid |
| JP4602248B2 (en) * | 2003-02-03 | 2010-12-22 | 株式会社キャップ | Hot gas blower fan |
| FR2866695B1 (en) * | 2004-02-25 | 2006-05-05 | Alstom Technology Ltd | OXY-COMBUSTION BOILER WITH OXYGEN PRODUCTION |
| FI126744B (en) | 2013-05-14 | 2017-04-28 | Valmet Technologies Oy | Arrangement and method of fluidization boiler |
| CN103994426A (en) * | 2014-01-06 | 2014-08-20 | 徐进廷 | Multi-combustion chamber circulating fluidized bed hot-water boiler |
| CN107980090B (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2020-04-07 | 斗山能捷斯有限责任公司 | Circulating fluidized bed equipment |
| CN106642052A (en) * | 2017-01-05 | 2017-05-10 | 郑州坤博科技有限公司 | Fluidized bed boiler |
| CN111094705A (en) * | 2017-07-20 | 2020-05-01 | 八河流资产有限责任公司 | System and method for power generation using solid fuel combustion and carbon capture |
| CN108361685A (en) * | 2018-04-13 | 2018-08-03 | 常州能源设备总厂有限公司 | Parallel-connection type coal-burning powder heat medium heater and its heat supply method |
| ES2978395T3 (en) * | 2018-05-07 | 2024-09-11 | Calisalvo Duran Luis | Catalytic oxidizer |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4499857A (en) * | 1983-10-17 | 1985-02-19 | Wormser Engineering, Inc. | Fluidized bed fuel burning |
| SE451092B (en) * | 1984-11-16 | 1987-08-31 | Asea Stal Ab | BOILING WITH FLUIDIZABLE BEDS AND WAY TO REGULATE SUCH A BOILING |
| ES8704252A1 (en) * | 1985-06-28 | 1987-03-16 | Asea Stal Ab | Multi-bed fluid bed boiler. |
-
1988
- 1988-03-21 US US07/171,254 patent/US4815418A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-03-23 CN CN88101563.6A patent/CN1012589B/en not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101713533B (en) * | 2007-03-29 | 2012-07-04 | 株式会社日立制作所 | Control device and method of thermal power generation plant |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US4815418A (en) | 1989-03-28 |
| CN88101563A (en) | 1988-11-30 |
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