Polynary composite salt/ammonia solution absorption refrigeration agent and absorbent refrigeration system and refrigeration techniques
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of polynary composite salt/ammonia solution absorption refrigeration agent, the invention still further relates to a kind of polynary composite salt/ammonia solution absorbent refrigeration system.It is a power with hot water, deep fat or steam, drives the refrigeration that this absorbent refrigeration system carries out-20~10 ℃.
Background technology
For saving the valuable electric energy energy, be that the absorption refrigeration and the absorption refrigeration of the energy is subjected to generally paying attention to heat energy.And absorption refrigeration is not pushed broad-spectrum so far as yet and reaches owing to multiple reasons such as thermo-efficiency are lower.Absorption refrigeration has obtained fast development, has shown huge superiority on saving electric power.
Existing heat absorption refrigeration system comprises lithiumbromide-aqueous solution absorption refrigeration, the absorption refrigeration of ammonia aqueous solution of hydrogen.Wherein lithiumbromide-technical comparative maturity of aqueous solution absorbent refrigeration system has huge market, has brought into play vital role in the large-size air conditioning refrigeration, is one of large-size air conditioning refrigerating dominant role.But lithiumbromide-aqueous solution absorption refrigeration can only be carried out the air conditioner refrigerating more than 5 ℃, can not realize deep cooling, can not miniaturization.Though ammonia aqueous solution of hydrogen absorption refrigeration wherein is historical remote, must increase crystal's distillation unit, with the undesirable action of elimination water vapor in the ammonia refrigeration circulation, thereby make refrigeration system complicated.In addition, in emerging Sodium Thiocyanate 99-ammonia solution heat absorption refrigeration system, the absorption (NH of this single salt (Sodium Thiocyanate 99)
3) and desorb (NH
3) characteristic fixes, and can not take into account absorption (NH
3) and desorb (NH
3).Therefore have that the easy crystallization of solution blocks problem, thereby limited the occurrence temperature and the refrigeration degree of depth.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the absorption (NH of above-mentioned existing single salt
3) and desorb (NH
3) characteristic fixed deficiency, and a kind of polynary composite salt/ammonia solution absorption refrigeration agent is provided.Taken into account absorption (NH preferably
3) and desorb (NH
3) problem, thereby improved greatly occurrence temperature with the refrigeration degree of depth.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of absorbent refrigeration system that adopts this polynary composite salt/ammonia solution absorption refrigeration agent.
The polynary composite salt of the present invention/ammonia solution absorption refrigeration agent is a kind of component that the contriver obtains by screening through a large amount of experiments, and it has absorption (NH preferably simultaneously
3) and desorb (NH
3) characteristic.
The objective of the invention is to reach: polynary composite salt/ammonia solution absorption refrigeration agent by following measure, it comprises absorption agent and refrigeration agent, described refrigeration agent is an ammonia, it is characterized in that described absorption agent is the polynary composite salt that lithium nitrate, Sodium Thiocyanate 99 and lithium thiocyanate are formed.
In technique scheme, described polynary composite salt: the weight percent=40-60 of ammonia: 60: 40.
In technique scheme, the weight percent content of described absorption agent is: lithium nitrate 5-40%, Sodium Thiocyanate 99 10-30%, lithium thiocyanate 50-80%.
In technique scheme, the weight percent content of described absorption agent is: lithium nitrate 30%, Sodium Thiocyanate 99 15%, lithium thiocyanate 55%.
The polynary composite salt of the present invention/ammonia solution absorption refrigeration agent has overcome the prejudice that absorption agent can only adopt single salt, creatively adopts polynary composite salt as absorption agent.This polynary composite salt has had absorption (NH preferably simultaneously
3) and desorb (NH
3) characteristic.Specifically this polynary composite salt/ammonia solution absorption refrigeration agent makes that absorption temperature raises when absorbing, and when desorption temperature reduced during desorb, its absorption characteristic was better, summer particularly, under the higher operating mode of temperature of cooling water, still has absorption characteristic preferably.
Requirement according to cooling condition: can select the different polynary composite salt and the weight percent proportioning of ammonia for use, when the degree of depth that requires to freeze is dark (being-10~20 ℃ as temperature), it is lower to contain ammonia concentration, and when requiring the refrigeration degree of depth more shallow (0-10 ℃), it is higher to contain ammonia concentration.
Polynary composite salt/ammonia solution absorbent refrigeration system, it is characterized in that it comprises producer 1, gas-liquid separator 2, condenser 3, container for storing liquid 4, vaporizer 5, ammonia blower fan 13, first solution pump 11, first water cooler 7, resorber 6, second solution pump 12, second water cooler 8, solution heat exchanger 9, described producer 1, gas-liquid separator 2, condenser 3, container for storing liquid 4, vaporizer 5, ammonia blower fan 13, resorber 6, second solution pump 12, solution heat exchanger 9 are connected with valve by pipeline successively, and solution heat exchanger 9 is connected with producer 1 by pipeline; The two ends of first solution pump 11 are connected with resorber 6 with first water cooler 7 by pipeline respectively, and first water cooler 7 is connected with resorber 6 by pipeline; Second water cooler 8 and is connected with resorber 6 with solution heat exchanger 9 by pipeline between solution heat exchanger 9 and resorber 6; In the described resorber 6 filler 10 is arranged; Described gas-liquid separator 2 is connected with solution heat exchanger 9 by pipeline, on the described vaporizer 5 the refrigeration delivery port is arranged.
The polynary composite salt of the present invention/ammonia solution absorbent refrigeration system, the pump circulation of ammonia blower fan had both helped the vaporization function of vaporizer, more help the absorptive function of resorber, can also get rid of huge and complicated multichannel ammonia pipe connecting.
The polynary composite salt of the present invention/ammonia solution absorbent refrigeration system refrigeration techniques, it is characterized in that it comprises that ammonia desorption cycle and ammonia absorb two parts of circulation, flexible mutually with absorption between two kinds of circulations by the desorb of ammonia, polynary composite salt/the ammonia solution of described process using absorption refrigeration system, described polynary composite salt comprises lithium nitrate, Sodium Thiocyanate 99 and lithium thiocyanate
Specifically comprise the steps:
1, the polynary composite salt/liquor ammoniae fortis in the producer 1 volatilizes a large amount of ammonias under the heat energy effect, ammonia enters gas-liquid separator 2 together with the part liquor ammoniae dilutus, part ammonia exports condenser 3 to from separator top, and another part liquor ammoniae dilutus is transported to solution heat exchanger 9 from separator 2 bottoms;
2, when the ammonia pressure in producer 1 and the gas-liquid voltage-divider 2 reaches the condensing pressure of condenser 3, the ammonia that enters condensation 3 is condensed into liquid ammonia and enters in the container for storing liquid 4 and stores, liquid ammonia enters vaporizer 5 and is evaporated to gaseous ammonia, produce refrigerating duty in the evaporative process, and by the pipeline output of will freezing;
3, gaseous ammonia enters resorber 6 and is absorbed under ammonia blower fan 13 promotes, and has finished the ammonia refrigeration circulation;
4, in vaporizer 5 and resorber 6, rare gas element is arranged, and make the total pressure and the refrigeration system pressure equilibrium of vaporizer, resorber, enter second water cooler 8 from the liquor ammoniae dilutus of gas-liquid separator 2 bottoms output through solution heat exchanger 9, enter after the cooling in the resorber 6;
5, in resorber 6, the bottom mixing solutions enters first water cooler 7 by 11 drivings of first solution pump and carries out refrigeration cycle, cools away a large amount of absorption heat that produce in the absorption process in the refrigeration cycle process, becomes liquor ammoniae fortis behind the solution absorption ammonia;
6, in resorber 6, another part mixing solutions of bottom transports solution heat exchanger 9 to by second solution pump 12, in solution heat exchanger 9, low temperature liquor ammoniae fortis from resorber 6 is heated, high temperature liquor ammoniae dilutus from producer 1 is cooled, and the liquor ammoniae fortis after the heating is transported to producer 1, in producer 1, under the heat energy effect, liquor ammoniae fortis goes out ammonia gas; So far finish the solution circulated process.
7, polynary composite salt according to claim 6/ammonia solution absorbent refrigeration system refrigeration techniques, it is characterized in that being useful in the described resorber 6 the receptivity filler 10 of increase solution, be useful on the filler that increases the ammoniacal liquor steam capability in the described vaporizer 5 ammonia.
Compare with existing every heat absorption Refrigeration Technique, technology of the present invention has following characteristics:
1. because refrigeration system is under the isobaric condition, and the pump merit that solution pump consumed is less, the electric energy that the ammonia blower fan is consumed also seldom; Owing to adopted solution pump to drive solution circulated, and solution circulated has guaranteed the circulation of ammonia, thereby has produced refrigeration preferably.2. owing to adopted the ammonia blower fan that the ammonia in the vaporizer 5 is transported to resorber 6, make the conveying of ammonia between vaporizer 5 and the resorber 6 unblocked, fully guaranteed the ammonia amount that resorber 6 is used, otherwise, promoted that vaporizer 5 has enough steam output; 3. owing to adopted polynary composite absorber, solved the problem that the easy crystallization of solution is blocked, the temperature range of producer can further be improved, the refrigeration degree of depth can further be deepened; 4. owing to adopt rare gas element argon gas filling vaporizer and resorber, make the pressure of whole refrigeration system be in equilibrium state, and argon gas can guarantee the operation of refrigeration system and the security of operation, eradicate the inflammable and explosive hidden danger of use hydrogen.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of this bright polynary composite salt/ammonia solution absorbent refrigeration system.
Embodiment
Describe performance of the present invention in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, but they do not constitute limitation of the invention, simultaneously by illustrating that advantage of the present invention will become clear more and understanding easily.
Embodiment 1 (polynary composite salt/ammonia solution absorption refrigeration agent)
Polynary composite salt/ammonia solution absorption refrigeration agent, it comprises absorption agent and refrigeration agent, and described refrigeration agent is an ammonia, and absorption agent is the polynary composite salt that lithium nitrate, Sodium Thiocyanate 99 and lithium thiocyanate are formed.Polynary composite salt: the weight percent of ammonia=40%: 60% (is 100% in polynary composite salt weight and ammonia weight percent sum).
Wherein the weight percent content of absorption agent is: lithium nitrate 5%, Sodium Thiocyanate 99 15%, lithium thiocyanate 80% (is 100% in three kinds of polynary composite salt weight percent sums).
Need to prove: also can increase the additive that is used for anticorrosion and anti-crystallization function (its weight generally account for polynary composite salt and ammonia weight about 2%) in the polynary composite salt of the present invention/ammonia solution absorption refrigeration agent, this is a common technology in existing absorption refrigeration technology.
Embodiment 2 (polynary composite salt/ammonia solution absorption refrigeration agent)
Polynary composite salt/ammonia solution absorption refrigeration agent, it comprises absorption agent and refrigeration agent, and described refrigeration agent is an ammonia, and absorption agent is the polynary composite salt that lithium nitrate, Sodium Thiocyanate 99 and lithium thiocyanate are formed.
Polynary composite salt: the weight percent of ammonia=60%: 40% (is 100% in polynary composite salt weight and ammonia weight percent sum).
The weight percent content of polynary composite salt absorption agent is: lithium nitrate 20%, Sodium Thiocyanate 99 30%, lithium thiocyanate 50% (is 100% in three kinds of polynary composite salt weight percent sums).
Embodiment 3 (polynary composite salt/ammonia solution absorption refrigeration agent)
Polynary composite salt/ammonia solution absorption refrigeration agent, it comprises absorption agent and refrigeration agent, and described refrigeration agent is an ammonia, and absorption agent is the polynary composite salt that lithium nitrate, Sodium Thiocyanate 99 and lithium thiocyanate are formed.
Polynary composite salt: the weight percent of ammonia=50%: 50% (is 100% in polynary composite salt weight and ammonia weight percent sum).
The weight percent content of polynary composite salt absorption agent is: lithium nitrate 40%, Sodium Thiocyanate 99 10%, lithium thiocyanate 50% (is 100% in three kinds of polynary composite salt weight percent sums).
The working process of the polynary composite salt of the present invention/ammonia solution absorbent refrigeration system is as follows:
Polynary composite salt/ammonia solution absorbent refrigeration system, it comprises producer 1, gas-liquid separator 2, condenser 3, container for storing liquid 4, vaporizer 5, ammonia blower fan 13, first solution pump 11, first water cooler 7, resorber 6, second solution pump 12, second water cooler 8, solution heat exchanger 9, described producer 1, gas-liquid separator 2, condenser 3, container for storing liquid 4, vaporizer 5, ammonia blower fan 13, resorber 6, second solution pump 12, solution heat exchanger 9 are connected with valve by pipeline successively, and solution heat exchanger 9 is connected with producer 1 by pipeline; The two ends of first solution pump 11 are connected with resorber 6 with first water cooler 7 by pipeline respectively, and first water cooler 7 is connected with resorber 6 by pipeline; Second water cooler 8 and is connected with resorber 6 with solution heat exchanger 9 by pipeline between solution heat exchanger 9 and resorber 6; In the described resorber 6 filler 10 is arranged; Described gas-liquid separator 2 is connected with solution heat exchanger 9 by pipeline, on the described vaporizer 5 the refrigeration delivery port is arranged.
Polynary composite salt/liquor ammoniae fortis in the producer 1 volatilizes a large amount of ammonias under heat energy (being carried by hot water, steam or deep fat) effect, ammonia enters gas-liquid separator 2 together with the part liquor ammoniae dilutus.In gas-liquid separator 2, because the centrifugation of gas-liquid separator 2, ammonia exports condenser 3 to from gas-liquid separator 2 tops, and liquor ammoniae dilutus is transported to solution heat exchanger 9 from gas-liquid separator 2 bottoms.When the ammonia pressure in producer 1 and the gas-liquid voltage-divider 2 reaches the condensing pressure of condenser 3 (being generally 1-1.5Mpa), the ammonia that enters condenser 3 is condensed into liquid ammonia and enters in the container for storing liquid 4 and stores.Liquid ammonia enters vaporizer 5 and is evaporated to gaseous ammonia, produces refrigerating duty in evaporative process.Gaseous ammonia enters resorber 6 and is absorbed under ammonia blower fan 13 promotes.So far, from generation-condensation-throttling-be evaporated to absorption, finished the ammonia refrigeration circulation.
In vaporizer 5 and resorber 6, fill with rare gas element (as argon gas etc., also can be other rare gas element), make the total pressure and the refrigeration system pressure equilibrium of vaporizer 5, resorber 6, rare gas element only plays the pressure equilibrium effect, does not participate in the evaporation and the absorption process of solution.
Enter second water cooler 8 from the liquor ammoniae dilutus of gas-liquid separator 2 bottoms output through solution heat exchanger 9, enter after the cooling in the resorber 6.In resorber 6, the bottom mixing solutions enters first water cooler 7 by 11 drivings of first solution pump and carries out refrigeration cycle, cools away a large amount of absorption heat that produce in the absorption process in the refrigeration cycle process, becomes liquor ammoniae fortis behind the solution absorption ammonia.In resorber 6, another part mixing solutions of bottom transports solution heat exchanger 9 to by second solution pump 12.In solution heat exchanger 9, be heated from the low temperature liquor ammoniae fortis of resorber 6, be cooled from the high temperature liquor ammoniae dilutus of producer 1.Liquor ammoniae fortis after the heating is transported to producer 1, and in producer 1, under the heat energy effect, liquor ammoniae fortis goes out ammonia gas.So far, solution is finished the solution circulated process by liquor ammoniae fortis-liquor ammoniae dilutus-liquor ammoniae fortis.
The solution circulated process is carried out under isobaric (being generally 1-1.5Mpa) condition, is motivating force by solution pump and solution self drop, consumes the pump merit seldom.Ammonia becomes liquid phase by gas phase, thicken thick by the ammonia freezing by change of state circulation of liquid phase change gas phase and the dilution of solution ammonia quantity again, again by the dense thick thinning change in concentration circulation of releasing, flexible mutually with absorption between two kinds of circulations by the desorb of ammonia, two kinds of circulations rely on mutually, have finished the absorption refrigeration working cycle.Used filler 10 in the resorber 6 (be generally stainless (steel) wire, by increasing the contact area to ammonia, reach the purpose of raising to the receptivity of ammonia) is for increasing the receptivity of solution to ammonia.Used filler is in order to increase the ammoniacal liquor steam capability in the vaporizer 5.
Heat absorption refrigeration system of the present invention is motivating force with the steam thermal energy, freezes with the absorption refrigeration principle, can realize refrigerating duty Q=5000W, ammonia vaporization temperature t.=-10 ℃ heat absorption refrigeration, its principle is simple, and thermo-efficiency is higher, and is simple in structure, with low cost.This refrigeration system can be used for industrial and agricultural production, fields such as for example foodstuffs industry, chemical engineering industry, petroleum industry.
Need to prove that for these professional those skilled in the art under the situation that does not change the principle of the invention, can also make suitable change and distortion to the present invention, this belongs to protection scope of the present invention equally.