CN101249523A - Method for wedge pressure forming process gear wheel - Google Patents
Method for wedge pressure forming process gear wheel Download PDFInfo
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- CN101249523A CN101249523A CNA2008100442340A CN200810044234A CN101249523A CN 101249523 A CN101249523 A CN 101249523A CN A2008100442340 A CNA2008100442340 A CN A2008100442340A CN 200810044234 A CN200810044234 A CN 200810044234A CN 101249523 A CN101249523 A CN 101249523A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for processing gear by inlaid-pressure formation, which comprises the following steps of: manufacturing tooth-shaped inserts with a number identical to that of tooth channels; manufacturing two insert bases with radial guide grooves on the inner sides; arranging the tooth-shaped inserts in the radial guide grooves of the insert bases to surround the to-be-processed surface of a gear blank workpiece; and applying a radial pressure to the workpiece at the periphery of the tooth-shaped inserts by pressurization equipment to make the workpiece inlaid in the front edge notch of the tooth-shaped inserts while extruding the workpiece, so that the surface of the gear blank material locally deforms to form the gear. The method has the advantages of simple steps, no need for rotating the workpiece, no cutting, one-step formation, accurate size precision, high efficiency, short manufacture time (only a few seconds), high yield and low cost. The tooth-shaped insert has simple structure and only bears the pressure, thus improving the service life. Accordingly, a gear shaft and an integral gear or a non-integral gear or a non-circular gear can be manufactured without cutting. The involute, cycloid as well as arc gear surface, and spur gear, helical gear as well as bevel gear can be achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of gear manufacture method, especially do not have the method for Cutting Machining of Gear, more particularly the present invention relates to a kind of method of wedge pressure forming process gear.
Technical background
The processing method of making gear at present mainly contains machining and two kinds of no machining.
The method of Cutting Machining of Gear tooth portion comprises: cutting working methods such as gear hobbing, slotting, milling, shave, the top gem of a girdle-pendant are cut, broaching, broaching, grinding.Be gear hobbing, gear shaping, shaving, gear honing, mill teeth, draw equipment such as tooth to add work gear.
Above-mentioned machining is made the manufacturing process of gear, though all be traditional maturation process, all has metal to become scrap, waste material, and mostly can not process tooth axle and non-complete gear wheel.
The mill teeth method is to utilize disk-type gear milling cutter to cooperate indexing mechanism to carry out monodentate processing on milling machine.Though also can process tooth axle and non-complete gear wheel, the gained profile of tooth often has than mistake, machining accuracy is lower, and production efficiency is also low.This method only is suitable for the not high gear of jobbing work quality requirement.
" mechanical processing technique handbook, the version 4-50 in 2007 of China Machine Press page or leaf, the external gear broaching method of recommendation, though can process non-complete gear wheel, all belonging to has bits processing category, waste material, and cutter manufacturing cost height and service life are short, and productivity ratio is low and totle drilling cost is higher.
The ELEMENTARY INTRODUCTION TO NON method of gear mainly contains cold rolling gear, cold forging gear, stamping-out gear, hot rolling gear, precision die forging tooth, powder metallurgical gear at present.
Cold rolling gear: with gear shape roll bend pulley base radial feed, and roll mutually by certain speed ratio, make the wheel blank periphery produce plastic deformation and shut out profile of tooth.But the part of cold rolling machining cylindrical gear (straight-tooth or helical teeth), non-circular gear or band serration.To the gear of modulus less than 2.5 millimeters, but the bad profile of tooth that directly shuts out of trailing wheel.But roll wheel (tooth bar) in the operation of rolling, each tooth all will be subjected to the very big various external force of bending, cut, draw, press, turn round, and influences service life, and can not process non-intact gear.
Cold forging gear: two kinds of cold-extruded and cold-headings are arranged.Cold-extruded is the generation extruding force that relatively moves of utilizing punch and die, and blank plasticity under the constraint of mould is flowed and obtains profile of tooth, is usually used in processing close-toothed straight spur gear, internal gear etc.Cold-heading be utilize the hammer force of patrix make blank in mould by compression and lateral flow forms profile of tooth, be usually used in machining of bevel gears.Usually need elder generation the blank head jumping-up, and then the upsetting profile of tooth.Gear after the cold-heading has overlap, needs to cut waste material with machining.Owing to limited by mould strength, can not process the tooth axle.
Stamping-out gear: be the stamping die that utilizes gear shape, punch out gear from plate, be suitable for processing modulus less than 6 millimeters, thickness plate gear, tooth bar, ratchet, watch gear and instrument gears etc. less than 10 millimeters by punch and die.But can not process tooth axle and thicker gear.
The hot rolling gear: operation principle is with cold rolling identical, but hot rolling is to carry out under workpiece is heated to thermoplastic state more than 1000 ℃.The process of hot rolling gear mainly comprises operations such as preheating, rolling and shaping, and piece rate, precision can reach 8～9 grades on average less than 1 minute, and generally no longer fine finishining just can directly be adopted.But the gear higher to required precision need be reserved 0.2 millimeter allowance when hot rolling, with gear shaving machine or gear grinding machine with worm grinding wheel finishing tooth shape, belongs to few bits processing method, and can not process non-complete gear wheel.
Precision die forging gear: be that wheel blank is heated to 1000～1150 ℃, be put in the counterdie of forging hammer, forge profile of tooth for several times with the patrix hammering.Precision die forging is suitable for processing modulus less than 4 millimeters straight-tooth or spiral bevel gear.Gear behind the precision die forging needs to remove earlier overlap.For the higher gear of required precision, in the die forging operation, reserve 0.5 millimeter allowance, so that use lathe finishing tooth shape at last, belong to few bits processing method, can not process the tooth axle.
Powder metallurgical gear is that general iron powder is accounted for 93～98%; copper powder accounts for 1.5～4%; graphite accounts for 0～0.3% metal dust raw material, and press forming in mould carried out sintering in 1.5～2.0 hours with wheel blank temperature insulation with 1100～1150 ℃ in special atmosphere oven then.Gear behind the sintering generally needn't or machining seldom.The precision of powder metallurgical gear can reach about 9 grades.Can process the gear of various profiles of tooth with powder metallurgy process, but the hole more than 5% is generally contained in the gear inside of making, mechanical strength is lower, can't bigger gear or the tooth axle of processing dimension.High temperature sintering then increases production cost.
In sum, at present, the method for efficient, low-cost non-complete gear wheel of processing and tooth axle is the difficult problem during gear is made always.Really can the non-complete gear wheel of highly-efficient processing and the method for tooth axle do not see that so far relevant bibliographical information is arranged.Though its reason is a lot, most important high efficiency, high accuracy, the processing method cheaply of still lacking.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of life-span long, cost is low; The efficient height, error is little, can ELEMENTARY INTRODUCTION TO NON complete gear wheel and non-complete gear wheel, again can ELEMENTARY INTRODUCTION TO NON tooth axle and non-circular gear, the embedding of can once-forming making gear is pressed into the shape processing method, to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art.
The method of a kind of wedge pressure forming process gear provided by the invention comprises the steps:
1). preparation quantity is with identical by the tooth paddy quantity of required gear, and the profile of tooth identical with required form of gear tooth geometric parameter inserted;
2). prepare two up and down symmetries, the shape seat of inserting of the same size, and its up and down medial surface be shaped on radially guide groove, can make the above-mentioned profile of tooth horizontal sliding in its guide groove of inserting, this seat of inserting is static element;
3). above-mentioned each profile of tooth is inserted, place in the radially guide groove of the described seat of inserting, around the work surface of tooth base workpiece;
4), use pressurized equipment, from the outside profile of tooth being inserted applies radial pressure P, profile of tooth is inserted inwardly move along the gathering sill of the seat of inserting, work surface to tooth base workpiece produces embedding and extruding, finally becomes gear up to tooth base material surface local plastic deformation.
The present invention has following beneficial effect than above-mentioned prior art.
Efficient quick.The present invention inserts with profile of tooth, around the tooth base, radial compression tooth base material deformation becomes the method for gear, and processing step is simple, process-cycle is short, workpiece need not to rotate, and the gear after the moulding needn't machining, the efficient height, gear is made once-forming, the time that gear squeezes out profile of tooth only needs the several seconds to finish, and error is little, the yield rate height.
Material Strength improves.Workpiece need not to be heated to the thermoplastic shape, chipless cold-stamped gear, and material is more closely knit after the flank of tooth flow harden, and mechanical strength increases.Avoided the various tooth-profile of gear of powder metallurgic method processing, inside has hole to bring the low problem of mechanical strength.
Production cost is lower.The profile of tooth holder structure of inserting and insert is simple, easy to process, and utilization flexibly.Single-piece is produced same being suitable in batches.Profile of tooth is inserted and only is stressed, and is not bent, cuts, draws, turns round the influence of various external force, long service life, and ELEMENTARY INTRODUCTION TO NON is saved material simultaneously, has reduced production cost.
The scope of application is wide.By the profile of tooth provided by the invention seat of inserting and insert, can not only process non-intact gear and complete gear wheel or tooth axle and non-circular gear, but also can be assembled into the form processing of multiple shape and structure gear neatly according to dissimilar tooth form.No matter be the flank of tooth of involute, cycloid, circular arc line, the profile of tooth of commutating tooth, helical teeth, awl tooth, or non-circular gear can both realize chipless processing.
Description of drawings
In order more to be expressly understood the present invention, now will simultaneously with reference to accompanying drawing, the present invention be described by the embodiment of the invention, wherein:
What Fig. 1 showed is the axle side perspective diagram that a profile of tooth according to the present invention is inserted.
Fig. 2 is that profile of tooth is inserted and is in SBR, places the schematic diagram of tooth base workpiece.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram that radially embeds and push the gear process according to the inventive method.
To be the tooth base pressed when shaping the gear termination by embedding Fig. 4, and gear has formed and insert schematic diagram when not withdrawing from as yet of profile of tooth.
The specific embodiment
What show among Fig. 1 is to have an X-rayed shape according to insert 1 axle side of a profile of tooth of principle of the invention design.Be shaped on toothed cutting edge working face 3 at insert 1 front end of profile of tooth, its cross section geometric parameter, identical with the tooth paddy cross section geometric parameter of processed gear; On inserting 1 upper and lower end face, profile of tooth is shaped on the rectangular strip guide way 2 of protuberate.The shape that profile of tooth is inserted 1 working face, the shape face of work gear matches with adding, and the gear profile on it can be the flank of tooth of involute, cycloid, circular arc line, the castellated shape of commutating tooth, helical teeth, awl tooth.
Fig. 2～Fig. 4 has described an embodiment who makes non-complete gear wheel according to the inventive method.Usually during the processing complete gear wheel, profile of tooth insert 1 quantity with adding work gear the number of teeth identical.When processing non-complete gear wheel, profile of tooth insert 1 quantity then should than adding work gear the number of teeth Duo 1, promptly identical with tooth paddy quantity, install one at the non-working position of tooth base workpiece 5 simultaneously and fan-shapedly insert 4 and affixed with a (not shown) of inserting.
Procedure of processing can adopt following step to carry out: earlier the identical profile of tooth of tooth paddy above-mentioned preparation and processed gear is inserted 1.Prepare two up and down symmetries, a shape (not shown) of inserting of the same size, and its medial surface separately is shaped on radially guide groove, can make above-mentioned profile of tooth insert 1 in its radially guide groove slippage.Above-mentioned each profile of tooth is inserted 1, place in the radially guide groove of a described (not shown) of inserting; Fan-shaped insert 4 affixed with a (not shown) of inserting.From outside to inside profile of tooth is inserted by the pressurized equipment (not shown) and 1 radially to exert pressure, profile of tooth is inserted 1 do the horizontal radial motion under can effect with external force, work surface to tooth base workpiece 5 is exerted pressure, profile of tooth is inserted, and 1 front end cutting edge embeds and extruding tooth base, the material surface local plastic deformation, embedding the position becomes tooth root, and ridge becomes tooth top, finally becomes required gear.
From the external force that pressurized equipment provides, can be hydraulic coupling, atmospheric pressure, mechanical force, electric power.
Fig. 2 is the situation that is in SBR.Profile of tooth inserts 1 under external force P effect, guide way 2 inwardly deviates from tooth base workpiece 5 along the direction of arrow at the gathering sill of a (not shown) of inserting and moves horizontally, locate to stop to the solstics, it is 1 gapped each other that profile of tooth is inserted, profile of tooth insert 1 and tooth base workpiece 5 between also gapped, put into tooth base workpiece 5, preparation is ready.As long as external force P changes direction of exerting pressure, just enter subsequent processing.
Fig. 3 is pressed the situation that is worked into a half for tooth base workpiece 5 by embedding.External force P is for aiming at the radial pressure in axle center, and profile of tooth is inserted and 1 inwardly moved along gathering sill, and the work surface of tooth base workpiece 5 is exerted pressure, and makes its local plastic deformation, begins to occur ditch shape tooth paddy and strip tooth top.Because fan-shaped 4 transfixions of inserting, the tooth base of corresponding site keeps the face of cylinder, finally forms non-complete gear wheel.
The situation of Fig. 4 when to be the tooth base by embedding press the processing termination.External force P continues to exert pressure to axle center O, and the gap that each profile of tooth is inserted between 1 is zero, and to be processed of tooth base workpiece 5 is pressed into a non-complete gear wheel by embedding, and profile of tooth 1 the situation when not withdrawing from as yet of inserting.
When finish a non-complete gear wheel by embedding molded after, by with the anti-footpath of arrow shown in Figure 4 outward force P, profile of tooth inserts 1 along the outside slippage of gathering sill of inserting a (not shown), return original position as Fig. 2 situation, the space appears in the middle part, so that after taking out the gear that processes, lay next tooth base again, the process-cycle of finishing a gear workpiece.
Basic principle according to the present invention is: the profile of tooth identical with the tooth paddy quantity of processed gear inserts 1, the geometric parameter of its front end toothed cutting edge working face 3 shape faces, the tooth paddy shape face geometric parameter of work gear is identical with adding, around tooth base workpiece 5 to be processed, and place in the static radially guide groove of a (not shown) of inserting, profile of tooth inserts 1 under the effect of external force P simultaneously, radial motion, its toothed cutting edge working face 3 embeds and pushes the work surface of tooth base workpiece 5 along the direction of arrow among the figure, be not a profile of tooth insert 1 separately independently the effect, 1 while locking phase is to coordinative role but a plurality of profiles of tooth are inserted, and under mutual constraints, tooth base surfacing plasticity flow forming and obtain required gear.
Claims (6)
1. the method for a wedge pressure forming process gear comprises the steps:
1) preparation quantity is identical with the tooth paddy quantity of required gear, and the upper and lower surface of its front end toothed cutting edge working face (3) has the rectangular strip guide way (2) of protuberate;
2) two of preparations symmetry up and down, the shape seat of inserting of the same size, and two medial surfaces are shaped on radially guide groove up and down can make above-mentioned profile of tooth insert the guide way (2) of (1) at its horizontal sliding in the guide groove radially, and these two seats of inserting is static element;
3) above-mentioned profile of tooth is inserted (1), place in the radially guide groove of the above-mentioned seat of inserting, around the work surface of tooth base workpiece (5);
4) use pressurized equipment, to profile of tooth insert (1) apply radial pressure P, its gathering sill along the seat of inserting is inwardly moved horizontally, the work surface of tooth base workpiece (5) is implemented radial compression, become gear up to tooth base material surface local plastic deformation.
2. by the method for the described wedge pressure forming process gear of claim 1, it is characterized in that during the processing complete gear wheel, the insert quantity of (1) of profile of tooth is identical with the number of teeth of gear; When processing non-complete gear wheel, above-mentioned profile of tooth is inserted, and then the tooth paddy quantity with required gear is identical for the quantity of (1), at the non-working position of tooth base workpiece (5), fan-shaped inserting (4) is installed simultaneously, and with static insert affixed.
3. by the method for the described wedge pressure forming process gear of claim 1, it is characterized in that the insert front end of (1) of profile of tooth is shaped on toothed cutting edge working face (3), the geometric parameter of its cross section is identical with the geometric parameter of a tooth paddy cross section of required gear.
4. press the method for the described wedge pressure forming process gear of claim 2, it is characterized in that, profile of tooth is inserted (1) under the effect of external force P, radially the surface of motion extruding tooth base workpiece (5) produces local plastic deformation, the insert toothed cutting edge working face (3) of (1) of profile of tooth embeds the tooth base and forms tooth root, and bump forms tooth top, becomes gear during the extruding termination.
5. press the method for the described wedge pressure forming process gear of claim 3, it is characterized in that, the insert morphology of toothed cutting edge working face (3) of (1) front end of profile of tooth comprises the flank of tooth of involute, cycloid, circular arc line, the castellated shape of commutating tooth, helical teeth, awl tooth.
6. by the method for the described wedge pressure forming process gear of claim 3, it is characterized in that described pressurized equipment comprises, hydraulic means, pneumatic shuttle, mechanical press device or electrical propulsion unit.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2008100442340A CN101249523B (en) | 2008-04-11 | 2008-04-11 | Method for wedge pressure forming process gear wheel |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2008100442340A CN101249523B (en) | 2008-04-11 | 2008-04-11 | Method for wedge pressure forming process gear wheel |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN101249523A true CN101249523A (en) | 2008-08-27 |
| CN101249523B CN101249523B (en) | 2010-10-13 |
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| CN2008100442340A Expired - Fee Related CN101249523B (en) | 2008-04-11 | 2008-04-11 | Method for wedge pressure forming process gear wheel |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103133653A (en) * | 2013-03-13 | 2013-06-05 | 苏州优金金属成型科技有限公司 | High transmission efficiency gear |
| CN104399818A (en) * | 2014-11-27 | 2015-03-11 | 四川省什邡市鑫源管件有限公司 | Separable punch type punching die for internal spline |
| CN107030132A (en) * | 2017-05-05 | 2017-08-11 | 盐城工学院 | Gear forming tool and gear forming system |
| CN109226908A (en) * | 2018-09-29 | 2019-01-18 | 重庆大学 | RV cycloid gear efficient precise grinding special purpose machine tool |
| CN112605143A (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2021-04-06 | 济南金麒麟刹车系统有限公司 | Brake disc connecting cap tooth-shaped forming method and brake disc connecting cap manufactured by same |
-
2008
- 2008-04-11 CN CN2008100442340A patent/CN101249523B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103133653A (en) * | 2013-03-13 | 2013-06-05 | 苏州优金金属成型科技有限公司 | High transmission efficiency gear |
| CN104399818A (en) * | 2014-11-27 | 2015-03-11 | 四川省什邡市鑫源管件有限公司 | Separable punch type punching die for internal spline |
| CN104399818B (en) * | 2014-11-27 | 2016-08-24 | 四川九鼎智远知识产权运营有限公司 | A kind of drift separable internal spline diel |
| CN107030132A (en) * | 2017-05-05 | 2017-08-11 | 盐城工学院 | Gear forming tool and gear forming system |
| CN107030132B (en) * | 2017-05-05 | 2019-01-25 | 盐城工学院 | Gear forming tool and gear forming system |
| CN109226908A (en) * | 2018-09-29 | 2019-01-18 | 重庆大学 | RV cycloid gear efficient precise grinding special purpose machine tool |
| CN112605143A (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2021-04-06 | 济南金麒麟刹车系统有限公司 | Brake disc connecting cap tooth-shaped forming method and brake disc connecting cap manufactured by same |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN101249523B (en) | 2010-10-13 |
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