CN101238736A - 在avs-m视频比特流中的随机访问 - Google Patents

在avs-m视频比特流中的随机访问 Download PDF

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CN101238736A
CN101238736A CNA2006800107642A CN200680010764A CN101238736A CN 101238736 A CN101238736 A CN 101238736A CN A2006800107642 A CNA2006800107642 A CN A2006800107642A CN 200680010764 A CN200680010764 A CN 200680010764A CN 101238736 A CN101238736 A CN 101238736A
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random access
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周敏华
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Texas Instruments Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/70—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals characterised by syntax aspects related to video coding, e.g. related to compression standards
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
    • H04N21/238—Interfacing the downstream path of the transmission network, e.g. adapting the transmission rate of a video stream to network bandwidth; Processing of multiplex streams
    • H04N21/2381—Adapting the multiplex stream to a specific network, e.g. an Internet Protocol [IP] network
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
    • H04N21/432—Content retrieval operation from a local storage medium, e.g. hard-disk
    • H04N21/4325—Content retrieval operation from a local storage medium, e.g. hard-disk by playing back content from the storage medium
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
    • H04N21/438—Interfacing the downstream path of the transmission network originating from a server, e.g. retrieving encoded video stream packets from an IP network
    • H04N21/4381—Recovering the multiplex stream from a specific network, e.g. recovering MPEG packets from ATM cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/60—Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client 
    • H04N21/63—Control signaling related to video distribution between client, server and network components; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients or between remote clients, e.g. transmitting basic layer and enhancement layers over different transmission paths, setting up a peer-to-peer communication via Internet between remote STB's; Communication protocols; Addressing
    • H04N21/643—Communication protocols
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/80—Generation or processing of content or additional data by content creator independently of the distribution process; Content per se
    • H04N21/83—Generation or processing of protective or descriptive data associated with content; Content structuring
    • H04N21/845—Structuring of content, e.g. decomposing content into time segments
    • H04N21/8451—Structuring of content, e.g. decomposing content into time segments using Advanced Video Coding [AVC]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/80—Generation or processing of content or additional data by content creator independently of the distribution process; Content per se
    • H04N21/83—Generation or processing of protective or descriptive data associated with content; Content structuring
    • H04N21/845—Structuring of content, e.g. decomposing content into time segments
    • H04N21/8455—Structuring of content, e.g. decomposing content into time segments involving pointers to the content, e.g. pointers to the I-frames of the video stream
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00—Television systems
    • H04N7/24—Systems for the transmission of television signals using pulse code modulation
    • H04N7/52—Systems for transmission of a pulse code modulated video signal with one or more other pulse code modulated signals, e.g. an audio signal or a synchronizing signal

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Databases & Information Systems (AREA)
  • Compression Or Coding Systems Of Tv Signals (AREA)
  • Compression, Expansion, Code Conversion, And Decoders (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于访问单元的随机访问指示符，该指示符作为以AVS－M压缩标准格式压缩的视频中的nal_unit_type域，该访问单元不需要先前访问单元信息就可解码即时解码刷新(IDR)图像。

Description

在AVS-M视频比特流中的随机访问
技术领域
[0001]本发明涉及视频编码。
背景技术
[0002]中国音频视频编码标准(AVS)的AVS-M部分针对移动网络上的视频需求。在AVS-M视频压缩标准中，压缩视频比特流由多于一个访问单元(AU，access unit)组成，每一个AU包含用于解码图像的信息。AU由许多NAL(网络抽象层)单元组成，其中一些是可选的。如图1所示，NAL单元可以是序列参数集(SPS)、图像参数集(PPS)、SEI(补充增强信息)、图像报头或者slice_layer_rbsp(原始字节序列载荷)，该slice_layer_rbsp由slice_header(片头)组成，slice_header后跟着片数据(也就是，许多宏块，其中一个宏块包含16×16亮度块和用于4:2:0色度格式的相应两个8×8色差块)。在字节格式比特流中，NAL单元以3字节起始码(0x000001)开始，随后是1字节NAL单元指示符，其中nal_unit_type(nal单元类型)在5比特域中表示，见图2。
[0003]为了解码AVS-M(见图1)中的图像，AU包含可选的SPS、PPS、SEI NAL单元，随后是强制图像报头NAL单元和若干slice_layer_rbsp NAL单元。注意在H.264和AVS-M中，解码图像(AU)可能需要来自先在前多于一个AU的SPS、PPS信息等等。
[0004]在当前AVS-M访问单元结构定义中存在缺陷，该缺陷是缺乏比特流随机访问支持。为了确定解码是否可以从任意AU开始(作为例子见图1)，解码器必须逐字节地解析比特流到第一个slice_data_rbsp(片数据原始字节序列载荷)NAL单元以，检验当前图像是否是IDR(即时解码刷新)图像。如果它不是IDR图像，解码器就继续逐字节解析直至找到这样的IDR图像。如果它是IDR图像，解码器就解码slice_header(片头)以确定使用哪一个SPS和PPS信息(在AVS-M中存在16/128个SPS/PPS)来解码当前图像，然后回到比特流中所需的SPS/PPS可被解码的位置。注意用于解码当前IDR图像的所需SPS/PPS并不必须包含在当前AU中，解码器需要回溯几个AU以找到它们。这使得解析过程非常复杂。
[0005]避免回溯以找到所需SPS/PPS的另一选择是每当在逐字节比特流解析过程中发现它们时就解码和缓冲所有SPS/PPS和图像报头。在这种情况下，当寻找到IDR图像时，解码可在第一个slice_data_rbsp(片数据原始字节序列载荷)NAL单元开始，不需要回溯以寻找所需的SPS/PPS，因为它们已经是可得到的。但是，解码和缓冲SPS/PPS将显著降低比特流解析速度。
[0006]因此，需要寻找支持在AVS-M标准中易于进行随机访问的方法。在像电视广播(接收者可在任意时间开机)和视频重放中的快进/快退功能这样的应用中需要随机访问。
发明内容
[0007]本发明提供一种通过插入随机访问单元使得能够在AVS-M视频比特流中容易进行随机访问的方法。
附图说明
[0008]图1说明了解码访问单元。
[0009]图2示出了NAL单元的第一个4字节。
[0010]图3说明了解码包括随机访问指示符的访问单元。
具体实施方式
[0011]优选实施例方法通过为多于一个访问单元(AU)提供nal_unit_type域中的随机访问指示符而使得能够在AVS-M视频比特流中容易进行随机访问，在访问单元处，解码IDR并不需要先前的访问单元信息。图3展示了解码序列中的随机访问指示符(RAI)。
[0012]优选实施例系统可以任意不同类型的硬件执行优选实施例方法：数字信号处理器(DSP)、通用可编程处理器、专用电路或者片上系统(SoC)，比如同一芯片上的DSP和RISC处理器。在用于DSP或者可编程处理器的板载ROM或者外部闪存EEPROM中存储的程序可执行用于编码和解码的信号处理。模数转换器和数模转换器提供到现实世界的连接，并且调制器和解调器(加上用于空中接口的天线)提供用于传输波形的耦合。编码视频可被分组并且在网络上传输，比如因特网。
[0013]在中国的AVS-M视频压缩标准中，压缩视频比特流由多于一个访问单元(AU)组成，每一AU包含用于解码图像的信息。AU由许多NAL(网络抽象层)单元组成，其中一些是可选的。如图1所示，NAL单元可是序列参数集(SPS)、图像参数集(PPS)、SEI(补充增强信息)、图像报头或者slice_layer_rbsp(原始字节序列载荷)，该slice_layer_rbsp由slice_header(片头)组成，slice_header后跟片数据(也就是许多宏块，其中一个宏块包含16×16亮度块和用于4:2:0色度格式的相应两个8×8色差块)。在字节格式比特流中，NAL单元以3字节起始码0x000001开始，随后是1字节NAL单元指示符，其中第一个比特是forbidden_zero_bit(禁止的0比特)，随后两个比特是nal_ref_idc，剩下的5比特域是nal_unit_type(nal单元类型)，见图2。
[0014]为了解码AVS-M中的图像(见图1)，AU包含可选的SPS、PPS、SEI NAL单元，随后是强制图像报头NAL单元和若干slice_layer_rbsp(片层原始字节序列载荷)NAL单元。注意在H.264和AVS-M中解码图像(AU)可能需要来自先前多于一个AU的SPS、PPS信息以及其它信息。
[0015]在当前AVS-M访问单元结构定义中存在缺陷，该缺陷是缺乏比特流随机访问支持。为了确定解码是否可以从任意AU开始(作为例子见图1)，解码器必须逐字节地解析比特流到第一个slice_data_rbsp NAL单元以检验当前图像是否是IDR(即时解码刷新)图像。如果它不是IDR图像，解码器继续逐字节解析直至找到这样的IDR图像。如果它是IDR图像，解码器解码slice_header以确定使用哪一个SPS和PPS信息(在AVS-M中存在16/128个SPS/PPS)解码当前图像，然后回溯到比特流中所需的SPS/PPS可被解码的位置。注意用于解码当前IDR图像的所需SPS/PPS并不必然包含在当前AU中，解码器需要回溯几个AU以找到它们。这使得解析过程非常复杂。
[0016]如图3所示，优选实施例方法定义了用于AVS-M的名为“随机访问指示符(RAI)”的新NAL单元类型。第一个3字节是起始码，最后的字节包括最后5比特的nal_unit_type域中的RAI NAL单元指示符；见图2。用于RAI的nal_unit_type值可被赋值为在AVS-M中仍然保留的任意值。例如，8。
[0017]RAI NAL单元的出现是可选的。如果不需要随机访问，则编码器可以选择不在比特流中插入任何RAI NAL单元。对于像移动TV广播这样的应用，其中需要随机访问，仅当当前访问单元是随机访问点时(也就是，当前图像是IDR图像，并且它的解码并不涉及来自任意其他访问单元的信息)，编码器才插入RAI NAL单元作为访问单元的第一个NAL单元(如图3)。这样，解码器可以通过逐字节搜索RAI NAL单元容易地进行随机访问。

Claims (6)

1.一种视频编码方法，包括：
(a)在比特流中提供访问单元，其中，所述访问单元包含网络抽象层单元，该网络抽象层单元包括视频压缩信息，及
(b)在访问单元中包括随机访问指示符网络抽象层单元，该访问单元无需来自先前访问单元信息就可被解码。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中：
(a)所述网络抽象层单元包含起始码和nal_unit_type域；及
(b)所述随机访问指示符网络抽象层单元在所述域中具有随机访问指示符。
3.一种视频解码方法，包括：
(a)接受带有访问单元的比特流，其中，所述访问单元包含网络抽象层单元，该网络抽象层单元包括视频压缩信息，及
(b)通过解析寻找在所述比特流中的随机访问点，直至找到随机访问指示符网络抽象层单元；及
(c)解码包含所述随机访问指示符网络抽象层的随机访问单元。
4.如权利要求4所述的视频解码方法，其中：
(a)所述网络抽象层单元包含起始码和nal_unit_type域；及
(b)所述随机访问指示符网络抽象层单元在所述域中具有随机访问指示符。
5.一种用于AVS-M视频编码的网络抽象层单元结构，包括：
(a)起始码；及
(b)在nal_unit_type域中的随机访问指示符。
6.如权利要求6所述的结构，其中
(a)所述起始码是0x000001；及
(b)所述nal_unit_type域在紧随所述起始码之后的字节中
CNA2006800107642A 2005-02-01 2006-01-31 在avs-m视频比特流中的随机访问 Pending CN101238736A (zh)

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