CN101235267B - Method for preparing heterogeneous water evaporation inhibitor - Google Patents
Method for preparing heterogeneous water evaporation inhibitor Download PDFInfo
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- CN101235267B CN101235267B CN2007100566724A CN200710056672A CN101235267B CN 101235267 B CN101235267 B CN 101235267B CN 2007100566724 A CN2007100566724 A CN 2007100566724A CN 200710056672 A CN200710056672 A CN 200710056672A CN 101235267 B CN101235267 B CN 101235267B
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Abstract
The invention prepares a heterogeneous water evaporation inhibitor through adopting the emulsification technology. The technical characteristics are that using petroleum ether as oil phase solvent, using fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether series as emulsifying agent, remixing long-chain fatty alcohol and short-chain alcohol as molecular film base material, preparing stable W/O elusion through adopting supersonic dispersion, thereby obtaining water evaporation inhibitor. The water evaporation inhibitor which is obtained through the process can automatically spread out on the water level to form an insoluble molecular film, which has favorable temperature interference resistance ability, matter interference resistance and self-restoring ability, and the efficiency of inhibiting water evaporation is reduced as time prolongs, thereby having excellent stability. The preparation process of the invention is simple, and has small requirement for devices. And the product which is prepared has extensive application prospect in water resource protection field, has great significance for solving the problem of water scarcity in arid area and reducing water resource loss, and can bring out enormous economic benefits and social benefits.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the water resources protection field, in particular, is a kind of method that adopts the emulsion process preparation to suppress the heterogeneous liquid film of water body in large moisture evaporation.
Background technology
Water is one of mankind's valuable source of depending on for existence and development, and in the crisis of resource that the current whole world faces, drought and water shortage is the danger in the danger.China is one of country of minority serious water shortage in the world, and the water yield is merely 1/4 of world average level per capita, is one of the poorest country of water globe resource.Simultaneously, China's water resources north and south owning rate differs greatly, and arid, semiarid zone proportion surpass the half the of territory total area.In drought and water shortage area, the water evaporation quantity of water body is several times and even tens of times of local quantity of precipitation, minority area even up to hundreds of times.With the Efficiency in Buildings in Tianjin Area is example, and a year steam output is the twice of rainfall amount, agriculture and national economy has been brought have a strong impact on.
The vaporization losses of water body mainly comes from water body in large surfaces such as river, lake, reservoir, tank.According to statistics, Tianjin has 50,000 hectares of face of land waters surface approximately, by the spontaneous evaporation rate estimation, and nearly 50,000 tons of the per hectare water surface year vaporization losses water yield, only this item, nearly 2,500,000,000 tons of annual loss WL.Western China, the per hectare water surface year vaporization losses water yield is up to 300,000 tons, and the financial loss that causes is more surprising.The present lack of water total amount of China is estimated as 400 billion cubic meters, and annual area suffered from drought 2,000,000-2,600,000 sq-km influences 15,000,000,000 to 20,000,000,000 kilograms of grain yields, influences more than 2,000 hundred million yuan of industrial outpuuts.The whole nation has 7,000 ten thousand people to have dysdipsia at present, and lack of water all seriously influences environment and people's physical and mental health.For this reason, suppressing moisture evaporation is extremely important strategy and policy, limited water resource is utilized to greatest extent seem particularly important.For the vaporization losses that suppresses water body in large, the most feasible method is to sprawl water evaporation inhibitor in water surface.
Water evaporation inhibitor is a kind of tensio-active agent with very high biological safety, can spontaneously sprawl in water surface and form insoluble molecular film, changes the water surface and directly is exposed to airborne state, effectively suppresses moisture evaporation.Sprawl the water surface of insoluble molecular film, do not hinder seeing through of carbonic acid gas, oxygen and sunlight, therefore, do not influence the growth and breeding of aquatic animals and plants.Water evaporation inhibitor can significantly reduce the vaporization losses of water body in large, can bring huge economic benefit and social benefit.At present, as the tensio-active agent of water evaporation inhibitor, studying more is Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18), lipid acid and amine compound etc.Yet research both at home and abroad only rests on laboratory stage, and in actual environment, factors such as wind speed, temperature, impurity are remarkable to the interference of water evaporation inhibitor, can cause its unstable properties, even loses inhibition moisture evaporation effect.Because these problems are not rationally solved, and have hindered applying of water evaporation inhibitor.
Summary of the invention
At present, the water evaporation inhibitor of research all is single homogeneous system both at home and abroad, and the anti-ambient interference ability of this system has hindered applying of water evaporation inhibitor.In order to improve the anti-ambient interference ability and the self-reparing capability of water evaporation inhibitor system, the invention discloses a kind of method for preparing heterogeneous water evaporation inhibitor, promptly composite with long carbochain Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18) and short chain alcohol, it is mixed with the w/o type emulsion system.The heterogeneous water evaporation inhibitor of the present invention's preparation effectively suppressing to have certain anti-ambient interference and self-reparing capability on the basis of water surface moisture evaporation loss, and the prolongation decay in time of its inhibiting rate is little, good stability.Preparation technology of the present invention is simple; Less demanding to equipment; The product of preparation has broad application prospects in the water resources protection field, is significant for solution dry water shortage problem, the loss of minimizing water resources, can bring huge economic benefit and social benefit.
Experimental technique
Take by weighing the short chain alcohol of the pure and mild 0-0.625 gram of 0-1.25 gram long-chain fat, fully be dissolved in the 25 gram sherwood oils, add emulsifying agent, thorough mixing is even, with it as oil phase.Take by weighing 25 gram zero(ppm) water, the limit is stirred the limit fast zero(ppm) water is added dropwise in the oil phase lentamente.After dropwising, system is put into the numerical control supersonic cleanser intermittently shake, each concussion is 30 seconds, and twice shakes pitch time is 10 seconds, continues 5-20 minute, can make stable w/o type emulsion, promptly gets product.
Compound system with the AEO (AEO) of two kinds of different chain lengths is an emulsifying agent, and the consumption of emulsifying agent is the 5-20% of sherwood oil, and optimum amount is 10-15%.
Long chain aliphatic alcohol can be selected tetradecyl alcohol, hexadecanol, stearyl alcohol, eicosanol and behenyl alcohol for use, and short chain alcohol can be selected n-propyl alcohol, propyl carbinol and Pentyl alcohol for use.The mass ratio of long-chain alcohol and short chain alcohol can be 5: 1,4: 1,3: 1,2: 1 and 1: 1.Best proportioning is that hexadecanol and propyl carbinol are composite, and optimum quality ratio is 3: 1.The testing method of moisture evaporation inhibiting rate
Adopt weighting method, suppress the index of usefulness with the moisture evaporation inhibiting rate as evaluation institute research system.Calculation formula is following:
In the formula: W
f=W
F is former-W
Behind the fW
d=W
D is former-W
Behind the d
W
d: there is film water to divide steam output, g; W
f: no film water divides steam output, g
Instance 1
Take by weighing 25 gram sherwood oils (30-60 ℃), add the composite emulsifier of 3.6 gram AEO-7 and 0.15 gram AEO-2, thorough mixing is even, with it as oil phase.Take by weighing 25 gram zero(ppm) water, the limit is stirred the limit fast zero(ppm) water is added dropwise in the oil phase lentamente.After dropwising, system is put into the numerical control supersonic cleanser intermittently shake, each concussion is 30 seconds, and twice shakes pitch time is 10 seconds, continues 10 minutes, can make stable w/o type emulsion.
Get two duplicate porcelain dishes, the surface-area of porcelain dish is 100cm
2About, injecting 1000 gram water respectively, a porcelain dish adds 30 microlitre emulsions; Another porcelain dish does not add;, weigh respectively and calculate the moisture evaporation loss amount of two porcelain dishes after 72 hours in 30 ℃ of held, and calculate the moisture evaporation inhibiting rate of the system of having sprawled emulsion through formula.The result shows that this emulsion does not have the effect of any inhibition moisture evaporation, and the emulsion system unrestraint effect that does not add film base material-Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18) is described.
Instance 2
Take by weighing 0.625 gram propyl carbinol and fully be dissolved in 25 grams sherwood oils (30-60 ℃), add the composite emulsifier of 3.6 gram AEO-8 and 0.15 gram AEO-2, thorough mixing is even, with it as oil phase.Take by weighing 25 gram zero(ppm) water, the limit is stirred the limit fast zero(ppm) water is added dropwise in the oil phase lentamente.After dropwising, system is put into the numerical control supersonic cleanser intermittently shake, each concussion is 30 seconds, and twice shakes pitch time is 10 seconds, continues 10 minutes, can make stable w/o type emulsion.
Get two duplicate porcelain dishes, the surface-area of porcelain dish is 100cm
2About, injecting 1000 gram water respectively, a porcelain dish adds 30 microlitre emulsions; Another porcelain dish does not add;, weigh respectively and calculate the moisture evaporation loss amount of two porcelain dishes after 72 hours in 30 ℃ of held, and calculate the moisture evaporation inhibiting rate of the system of having sprawled emulsion through formula.The result shows that this emulsion does not almost suppress the effect of moisture evaporation, and this explanation has only short chain alcohol, and the emulsion system that does not add long chain aliphatic alcohol does not have the obvious suppression effect.
Instance 3
Take by weighing 1.25 gram hexadecanols and fully be dissolved in 25 grams sherwood oils (30-60 ℃), add the composite emulsifier of 3.6 gram AEO-9 and 0.15 gram AEO-2, thorough mixing is even, with it as oil phase.Take by weighing 25 gram zero(ppm) water, the limit is stirred the limit fast zero(ppm) water is added dropwise in the oil phase lentamente.After dropwising, system is put into the numerical control supersonic cleanser intermittently shake, each concussion is 30 seconds, and twice shakes pitch time is 10 seconds, continues 10 minutes, can make stable w/o type emulsion.
Get two duplicate porcelain dishes, the surface-area of porcelain dish is 100cm
2About, injecting 1000 gram water respectively, a porcelain dish adds 30 microlitre emulsions; Another porcelain dish does not add;, weigh respectively and calculate the moisture evaporation loss amount of two porcelain dishes after 72 hours in 30 ℃ of held, and calculate the moisture evaporation inhibiting rate of the system of having sprawled emulsion through formula.The result shows that the porcelain dish water evaporation quantity of sprawling emulsion obviously descends, and the moisture evaporation inhibiting rate of the system of emulsion reaches 48.7%.
Instance 4
Take by weighing 0.938 gram hexadecanol and 0.312 gram propyl carbinol fully is dissolved in 25 grams sherwood oils (30-60 ℃), add the composite emulsifier of 3.6 gram AEO-8 and 0.15 gram AEO-2, thorough mixing is even, with it as oil phase.Take by weighing 25 gram zero(ppm) water, the limit is stirred the limit fast zero(ppm) water is added dropwise in the oil phase lentamente.After dropwising, system is put into the numerical control supersonic cleanser intermittently shake, each concussion is 30 seconds, and twice shakes pitch time is 10 seconds, continues 10 minutes, can make stable w/o type emulsion.
Get two duplicate porcelain dishes, the surface-area of porcelain dish is 100cm
2About, injecting 1000 gram water respectively, a porcelain dish adds 30 microlitre emulsions; Another porcelain dish does not add;, weigh respectively and calculate the moisture evaporation loss amount of two porcelain dishes after 72 hours in 30 ℃ of held, and calculate the moisture evaporation inhibiting rate of the system of having sprawled emulsion through formula.The result shows that the porcelain dish water evaporation quantity of sprawling emulsion obviously descends, and the moisture evaporation inhibiting rate of the system of emulsion reaches 61.9%.
The application performance contrast
Below this table be the composite diethyl ether solution system and the composite emulsion system of hexadecanol/propyl carbinol of diethyl ether solution system, hexadecanol/propyl carbinol of hexadecanol, property comparison under identical condition.Test duration is 96h, and the film surface concn is 8.0 * 10
-2G/m
2, inquire into the influence of temperature variation to the moisture evaporation inhibiting rate.
Can be found out that by last table variation of temperature is remarkable to the performance impact of hexadecanol solution system, along with the fluctuation of variation of temperature inhibiting rate is very big, when temperature reached 40 ℃, system was almost completely lost the inhibition effect.When temperature during between 20～30 ℃, hexadecanol/propyl carbinol combination solution system demonstrates stability preferably, yet when temperature during above 30 ℃, inhibiting rate obviously descends.Along with variation of temperature, hexadecanol/propyl carbinol emulsion system inhibiting rate fluctuation is very little, and when temperature reached 40 ℃, inhibiting rate still remained on 52%, demonstrated than the above two more significant resisting temperature interference performances.
Time is to influence the important factor that system suppresses the moisture evaporation effect; Prolongation along with the time; The surface film that airborne a lot of impurity (like dust) meeting entry inhibitors forms at liquid-gas interface; And in the membrane molecule layer, constitute the duct that some water moleculess evaporate, and cause membrane structure loose, directly influence the performance of surface film.
Below this table be the composite diethyl ether solution system and the composite emulsion system of hexadecanol/propyl carbinol of diethyl ether solution system, hexadecanol/propyl carbinol of hexadecanol, property comparison under identical condition.Probe temperature is 25 ℃, and the film surface concn is 8.0 * 10
-2G/m
2, inquire into the influence of change of time to the moisture evaporation inhibiting rate.
Can find out that by last table the inhibiting rate of emulsion system will be higher than solution system.And in the test duration scope, the inhibiting rate of solution system presents downtrending, and the inhibiting rate of emulsion system presents gradually the trend that rises and shows that the anti-impurity interference capability of emulsion system will be higher than solution system, demonstrates anti-preferably impurity interference.
The emulsion system of the present invention preparation can promote the inhibiting rate of evaporation from open significantly, and the prolongation decay in time of this system is little, and good stability has resisting temperature interference performance, anti-impurity interference performance and self-reparing capability preferably.Preparation technology of the present invention is simple, and is not high to equipment requirements, and product performance are stable, have good promotion prospect, is significant for solution dry water shortage problem, the loss of reduction water resources.
Claims (1)
1. the preparation method of a heterogeneous water evaporation inhibitor; Concrete operations are following: take by weighing 0.938 gram hexadecanol and 0.312 gram propyl carbinol and fully be dissolved in the 25 gram sherwood oils; Temperature is 30-60 ℃; Add then 3.6 the gram AEO-8 and 0.15 the gram AEO-2 composite emulsifier, thorough mixing is even, with it as oil phase; Take by weighing 25 gram zero(ppm) water, the limit is stirred the limit fast zero(ppm) water is added dropwise in the oil phase lentamente, after dropwising; System is put into the numerical control supersonic cleanser intermittently shake, each concussion is 30 seconds, and twice shakes pitch time is 10 seconds; Continue 10 minutes, promptly make stable w/o type emulsion.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2007100566724A CN101235267B (en) | 2007-01-31 | 2007-01-31 | Method for preparing heterogeneous water evaporation inhibitor |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2007100566724A CN101235267B (en) | 2007-01-31 | 2007-01-31 | Method for preparing heterogeneous water evaporation inhibitor |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN101235267A CN101235267A (en) | 2008-08-06 |
| CN101235267B true CN101235267B (en) | 2012-08-01 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104772094A (en) * | 2015-03-26 | 2015-07-15 | 塔里木大学 | Novel heterogeneous moisture evaporation inhibitor preparation method |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102286267B (en) * | 2011-05-23 | 2013-11-20 | 天津科技大学 | Microemulsion used for inhibiting generation and transportation of liquid chemical toxic gas and preparation method thereof |
| CN103299993B (en) * | 2013-07-08 | 2015-04-15 | 中国农业科学院植物保护研究所 | Fog drop evaporation retardant |
| CN108585696A (en) * | 2018-07-11 | 2018-09-28 | 中国十七冶集团有限公司 | A kind of pervious concrete preparation method of anti-moisture evaporation |
| CN110918119B (en) * | 2019-11-01 | 2022-07-19 | 天津科技大学 | High-hygroscopicity light porous particle warm cloud and fog catalyst |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4172058A (en) * | 1976-01-29 | 1979-10-23 | Hall J Marion | Chemical process and substance for inhibition of fluid evaporation |
| CN1800074A (en) * | 2006-01-09 | 2006-07-12 | 江苏博特新材料有限公司 | Moisture steaming blocking agent for plastic concrete |
-
2007
- 2007-01-31 CN CN2007100566724A patent/CN101235267B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4172058A (en) * | 1976-01-29 | 1979-10-23 | Hall J Marion | Chemical process and substance for inhibition of fluid evaporation |
| CN1800074A (en) * | 2006-01-09 | 2006-07-12 | 江苏博特新材料有限公司 | Moisture steaming blocking agent for plastic concrete |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104772094A (en) * | 2015-03-26 | 2015-07-15 | 塔里木大学 | Novel heterogeneous moisture evaporation inhibitor preparation method |
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