CN101233557A - Methods for driving electro-optic displays - Google Patents
Methods for driving electro-optic displays Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101233557A CN101233557A CNA200680028074XA CN200680028074A CN101233557A CN 101233557 A CN101233557 A CN 101233557A CN A200680028074X A CNA200680028074X A CN A200680028074XA CN 200680028074 A CN200680028074 A CN 200680028074A CN 101233557 A CN101233557 A CN 101233557A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- gtg
- drive scheme
- circulation
- electro
- irreducible
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
- G09G3/3433—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using light modulating elements actuated by an electric field and being other than liquid crystal devices and electrochromic devices
- G09G3/344—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using light modulating elements actuated by an electric field and being other than liquid crystal devices and electrochromic devices based on particles moving in a fluid or in a gas, e.g. electrophoretic devices
Abstract
An electro-optic display is driven using a plurality of different drive schemes. The waveforms of the drive schemes are chosen such that the absolute value of the net impulse applied to a pixel for all homogeneous and heterogeneous irreducible loops divided by the number of transitions in the loop is less than 20 percent of the characteristic impulse (i.e., the average of the absolute values of the impulses required to drive a pixel between its two extreme optical states).
Description
The application relates to U.S. Patent Application Publication No.2006/0280626, U.S. Patent No. 7,012,600, U.S. Patent No. 6,531,997, U.S. Patent No. 6,504,524, U.S. Patent Application Publication No.2005/0001812, U.S. Patent Application Publication No.2005/0024353, U.S. Patent Application Publication No.2005/0270261, U.S. Patent Application Publication No.2005/0179642 and U.S. Patent Application Publication No.2002/0180687.
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method and employed equipment of this method that is used to drive electro-optic displays, particularly bistable electro-optic displays.More specifically, the present invention relates to wish to utilize simultaneously a plurality of drive schemes to upgrade the driving method of electro-optic displays.The present invention is special but be not exclusively useful for electro phoretic display device based on particle, and one or more charged particles are suspended in the liquid in this electro phoretic display device, and pass liquid under electric field effects, thereby influence the outward appearance of display.
Background technology
The term " electric light " that is used in material or display as used herein is its conventional sense in technical field of imaging, refer to material with first and second show states, at least a optical property difference of this first and second show state makes this material be converted to second show state from first show state by apply electric field to this material.Though this optical property is the appreciable color of human eye normally, but also can be other optical property, such as optical transmission, reflectivity, luminous or under the situation that is used for the demonstration that machine reads, be false colored on the reflectance varies meaning of the electromagnetic wavelength outside the visible range.
The term of Shi Yonging " grey attitude " is its conventional sense in technical field of imaging herein, is meant the state between two extreme optical state of pixel, might not mean that the black and white between these two extremities changes.For example, described such electrophoretic display device (EPD) in a plurality of patents cited below and the disclosed application, wherein extremity is white and dark blue, thus middle " grey attitude " actual will be pale blue.In fact, as previously mentioned, the transformation between two extremities also may not be the variation on the color.
The term of Shi Yonging " bistable " and " bistability " are its routine meanings in the art herein, be meant the display that comprises display element with first and second show states, described first and second show states have a kind of optical property difference at least, make any point element by the addressing pulse with finite duration be driven into present its first or second show state after, after addressing pulse stops, it is several times of times of minimum duration that change the required addressing pulse of state of this display element at least that this state will continue, and for example is four times of times at least.Shown in the application of aforesaid No.2002/0180687: some based on particle can display gray scale electrophoretic display device (EPD) not only stable under its extreme black and white state, and stable under the grey therebetween attitude, like this equally for the electro-optic displays of some other type.Such display is called " multistable " rather than bistable rightly, but term used herein for convenience's sake " bistable " covers bistable and multistable display.
Its conventional meaning got in term used herein " pulse ": voltage is about the integration of time.Yet some bistable electro-optical mediums serve as charge sensor, utilize this medium can use another definition of pulse, and promptly electric current is about the integration of time (equal applied total electrical charge).Serving as voltage-time pulse sensor according to medium still is the charge pulse sensor, should use the suitable definition about pulse.
Below a large amount of discussion will be concentrated in the method for the one or more pixels that drive electro-optic displays, its by from initial GTG (gray level) to the end the transformation of GTG realize.The term of Shi Yonging " waveform " is used to represent to be used for realizing the curve of the complete voltage of the transformation from specific initial GTG to specific final GTG with respect to the time herein.General, this waveform comprises multiple waveform unit, and wherein these unit are essentially rectangle (i.e. a given unit comprise apply constant voltage within a certain period of time); These unit can be called " pulse " or " driving pulse ".Term herein " drive scheme " expression is enough to realize one group of waveform changing between all possible GTG for particular display.
Known have polytype electro-optic displays.One type electro-optic displays is for example in U.S. Patent No. 5,808,783,5,777,782,5,760,761,6,054,071,6,055,091,6,097,53 1,6,128,124,6,137, the double-colored element of disclosed rotation (rotatingbichromal member) type is (though such display often is called as " rotation twin color ball " display in 467 and 6,147,791, but because rotating element is not spherical in more above-mentioned patents, that term " rotates double-colored element " is more accurate).This display uses corpusculum (being typically spherical or cylindric) and internal dipole that has two or more different parts of optical characteristics in a large number.These corpusculums are suspended in the vacuole of the full of liquid in the matrix, and these vacuole fulls of liquid are so that these physical efficiencys rotate freely.Therefore apply electric field to this display, change the outward appearance of this display, rotate these corpusculums to all places and change by observing the position of surperficial those corpusculums of being seen.Such electro-optical medium is typical bistable.
The electro-optic displays of another kind of type uses electrochromic medium, the electrochromic medium of nanometer optically variable films (nanochromic film) form for example, it comprise the electrode that forms by the semiconduction metal oxide to small part and a plurality of attached on this electrode can reversible color dye molecule.Referring to such as O ' Regan, people such as B., Nature, 1991,353,737; Wood, D.Information Display, 18 (3), 24 (in March, 2002), and referring to Bach, people such as U., Adv.Mater.2002,14 (11), 845 article.Such as U.S. Patent No. 6,301,038 and No.6,870,657 and U.S. Patent Application Publication No.2003/0214695 in such optically variable films has also been described.Such medium also is typical bistable.
The electro-optic displays of another kind of type is an electric moistening display, it is the Philip exploitation, September 25 in 2003 day header be on the Nature magazine of " carry out pixel: at mobile image on the Electronic Paper " (" Performing Pixels:Moving Images on Electronic Paper "), Hayes, R.A. wait " based on the video speed Electronic Paper of electrowetting technology " (" Video-Speed Electronic Paper Based onElectrowetting ") of people, Nature, 425, be described in the article of 383-385 (2003).Show that in U.S. Patent Application Publication No.2005/0151709 this electric moistening display can be made bistable.
The electro-optic displays of the another kind of type of being researched and developed in a large number is based on the electrophoretic display device (EPD) of particle over several years, and wherein a plurality of charged particles pass fluid under electric field effects.Compare with LCD, the contribution of electrophoretic display device (EPD) is to have good brightness and contrast, wide visual angle, state bistability and low-power consumption.Yet the long-term image quality problem of these displays has hindered being extensive use of of they.For example, the particle that constitutes electrophoretic display device (EPD) trends towards sedimentation, causes the service life of these displays not enough.
As implied above, need to exist fluid in the electrophoretic media.This fluid is meant liquid in the electrophoretic media of most of prior art, but electrophoretic media can be made with the fluid of gaseous state; Referring to such as Kitamura, T. wait " motion of electronics toner in the electrical type paper display " (" Electrical tonermovement fir electronic paper-like display ") of people, IDW Japan, 2001, Paper HCS1-1 and Yamaguchi, Y. wait " utilizing the toner display of the insulating particle of static electrification " (" Tonerdisplay using insulative particles charged triboelectrically ") of people, IDW Japan, 2001, Paper AMD4-4.Simultaneously referring to U.S. Patent Application Publication No.2005/0001810; European patent application 1,462,847,1,482,354,1,484,635,1,500,971,1,501,194,1,536,271,1,542,067,1,577,702,1,577,703,1,598,694; And International Application No. WO 2004/090626, WO2004/079442, WO2004/001498.This electrophoretic media based on gas run into easily follow based on the electrophoretic media same kind of liquid because the problem that particle precipitation brings, when medium is used to allow to have the direction of this sedimentation, for example be used for label, wherein medium is located on the vertical plane.In fact, the particle precipitation problem is more serious in than the electrophoretic media based on liquid in based on the electrophoretic media of gas, and lower that the electrophoresis particle sedimentation is got is faster because compare the viscosity of gaseous fluid with fluid liquid.
Transfer in a large number Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) (MIT) and Yi Yingke (E Ink) company or announce recently that in these two patent under one's name and application they have described the electrophoretic media of encapsulation.The medium of this encapsulation comprises a large amount of folliculus, mutually and around the cyst wall of interior phase, contains the particle that is suspended in the electrophoresis motion in the liquid suspension medium mutually in wherein said in wherein each folliculus comprises itself.Usually, these capsules itself are kept in the polymeric binder to form the adhesion layer between two electrodes.For example, in U.S. Patent No. 5,930,026,5,961,804,6,017,584,6,067,185,6,118,426,6,120,588,6,120,839,6,124,851,6,130,773,6,130,774,6,172,798,6,177,921,6,232,950,6,249,271,6,252,564,6,262,706,6,262,833,6,300,932,6,312,304,6,312,971,6,323,989,6,327,072,6,376,828,6,377,387,6,392,785,6,392,786,6,413,790,6,422,687,6,445,374,6,445,489,6,459,418,6,473,072,6,480,182,6,498,114,6,504,524,6,506,438,6,512,354,6,515,649,6,518,949,6,521,489,6,531,997,6,535,197,6,538,801,6,545,291,6,580,545,6,639,578,6,652,075,6,657,772,6,664,944,6,680,725,6,683,333,6,704,133,6,710,540,6,721,083,6,724,519,6,727,881,6,738,050,6,750,473,6,753,999,6,816,147,6,819,471,6,822,782,6,825,068,6,825,829,6,825,970,6,831,769,6,839,158,6,842,167,6,842,279,6,842,657,6,864,875,6,865,010,6,866,760,6,870,661,6,900,851,6,922,276,6,950,200,6,958,848,6,967,640,6,982,178,6,987,603,6,995,550,7,002,728,7,012,600,7,012,735,7,023,430,7,030,412,7,030,854,7,034,783,7,038,655,7,061,663,7,071,913,7,075,502,7,075,703 and 7,079,305, and U.S. Patent Application Publication No.2002/0060321,2002/0090980,2002/0113770,2002/0180687,2003/0011560,2003/0102858,2003/0151702,2003/0222315,2004/0014265,2004/0075634,2004/0094422,2004/0105036,2004/0112750,2004/0119681,2004/0136048,2004/0155857,2004/0180476,2004/0190114,2004/0196215,2004/0226820,2004/00239614,2004/0252360,2004/0257635,2004/0263947,2005/0000813,2005/0001812,2005/0007336,2005/0012980,2005/0017944,2005/0018273,2005/0024353,2005/0062714,2005/0067656,2005/0078099,2005/0099672,2005/0105159,2005/0122284,2005/0122306,2005/0122563,2005/0122564,2005/0122565,2005/0134554,2005/0146774,2005/0151709,2005/0152018,2005/0152022,2005/0156340,2005/0168799,2005/0179642,2005/0190137,2005/0212747,2005/0213191,2005/0219184,2005/0253777,2005/0270261,2005/0280626,2006/0007527,2006/0023296,2006/0024437 and 2006/0038772, and the open No.WO 00/38000 of international application, WO 00/36560, WO00/67110 and WO 01/07961, and European patent No.1,099,207B1 and No.1,145, the medium of such encapsulation has all been described among the 072B1.
Above-mentioned many patents and application recognize in the electrophoretic media of encapsulation can be with continuous replacement mutually around the wall that separates micro-capsule, thereby produce so-called dispersed polymeres (polymer-dispersed) electrophoretic display device (EPD), wherein electrophoretic media comprises the droplet of separation of a plurality of electrophoretic fluid and the external phase of polymeric material, and relevant with each independent droplet even without the cyst membrane that separates, but the separation droplet of the electrophoretic fluid in the electrophoretic display device (EPD) of such polymer dispersed also can be considered to capsule or micro-capsule; Referring to all U.S. Patent No.s as the aforementioned 6,866,760.Therefore, for the application's purpose, the subclass of the electrophoretic media that the electrophoretic media of this polymer dispersed is considered to encapsulate.
The electrophoretic display device (EPD) of encapsulation does not suffer the gathering and the precipitation failure mode of conventional electrophoretic part usually, and has additional advantage, such as can or being printed on various flexibilities and the stiff base the display coating.(use word " printing " to be intended to include but not limited to following various printing and coating form: such as the formula of measuring in advance (pre-metered) coating, slit or the squash type coating of patch coating (patch die coating), sloping streaming or stepwise (cascade) coating, the showering of curtain formula; Such as roll-type scraper (knife over roll) coating, forward with the pressure roller coating of reverse roll coating; The coating of gravure formula; Dip coated; Spraying; Flexure plane (meniscus) coating; Spin coating; Brush; Airblade coating; Silk-screen printing technique; Electrostatic printing process; Hot stamping dataller skill, ink-jet printing process; And other similar techniques).Therefore, the display of manufacturing can be flexible.In addition, owing to show that medium can print (make and in all sorts of ways), display itself can be made at an easy rate.
A kind of electrophoretic display device (EPD) of correlation type is so-called " microcell electrophoretic display ".In microcell electrophoretic display, charged particle and fluid are not to be encapsulated in the micro-capsule but to remain in a plurality of chambeies that are formed in the carrier medium (normally polymer film).Referring to disclosing No.WO 02/01281 and U.S. Patent Application Publication No.2002/0075556 (all transferring Sipix Imaging company) such as international application.
Though electrophoretic media normally opaque (because, the basic block visible light transmission display of these particles device in a lot of electrophoretic media for example) and under reflective-mode, work, but electrophoretic display device (EPD) can be in so-called " shutter mode (shutter mode) " work down, and having a kind of under this pattern is the show state of opaque show state and a kind of printing opacity substantially.Referring to all U.S. Patent No.s as the aforementioned 6,130,774 and 6,172,798, and U.S. Patent No. 5,872,552,6,144,361,6,271,823,6,225,971 and 6,184,856.Be similar to electrophoretic display device (EPD), but the dielectrophoretic displays that depends on the electric field intensity variation can worked under the pattern similarly also; Referring to U.S. Patent No. 4,418,346.
The similar performance that shows based on the bistable of the electrophoretic display device (EPD) of particle or multistable performance and other electro-optic displays (for convenience, can be called " pulsed drive display " below this display), form distinct contrast with the performance of traditional liquid crystal (LC) display.The performance of twisted nematic liquid crystal is not bistable or multistable, but serves as voltage sensor, and a feasible pixel to this display applies given electric field can produce a specific gray level in this pixel, and irrelevant with the gray level that before appeared on this pixel.In addition, only a direction (from non-transmission or " secretly " to transmission or " bright ") driving LC display, the reverse transformation from brighter state to darker state is by reducing or eliminating electric field and realize.Finally, the gray level of the pixel of LC display is insensitive to the polarity of electric field, and only to its magnitude, and in fact for technical reason, coml LC display is usually with the reversal of poles of frequent interval with driving electric field.Contrast, as first approximation, bistable electro-optic displays is served as pulse transducer, thereby the end-state of pixel not only depends on electric field that is applied and the time that applies this electric field, also depends on the state of this pixel before applying electric field.
In order to obtain high-resolution display, no matter used electro-optical medium is bistable, must can addressing and do not disturb with neighbor to each pixel of display.In order to realize this target, wherein a kind of method just provides a kind of nonlinear element array such as transistor or diode, and wherein at least one nonlinear element is associated with each pixel, thereby obtains " active matrix " display.The addressing of a pixel of addressing or pixel electrode are connected on the suitable voltage source by relevant nonlinear element.Usually, when nonlinear element is transistor, pixel electrode is connected on the transistor drain, and also is assumed to be this setting in the following description, although it is optional that this set is essentially, and this pixel electrode can also be connected on the transistorized source electrode.Traditionally, in high-resolution array, pixel is arranged in the array of row and column of two dimension, make for the pixel of any specific can be uniquely point of crossing by a specific row and specific row limit.The source electrode of all crystals pipe all is connected on the independent row electrode in each row, and all transistorized grids all are connected on the independent column electrode in each row; Equally, source electrode is connected to row and also is common, yet this connection is essentially optional this layout that grid is connected to row, if desired also can be conversely.Column electrode is connected to line driver, basically guarantee for the given moment has only delegation chosen arbitrarily, that is to say, thereby give selected column electrode apply voltage guarantee the column electrode selected on all crystals pipe be conducting, guarantee that the transistor on these selected row keeps not conducting thereby apply voltage for simultaneously every other row.The row electrode is connected to row driver, being used for applying on the different lines electrode selected voltage is used to drive pixel on the select row and reaches the optical states of expectation (aforesaid voltage is relevant with common preceding electrode, usually electrode is positioned at an opposite side of electro-optical medium before described, covers whole display from non-linear array and extension).After the preliminary election that is known as " linear addressing time " at interval, the row that cancellation is selected, selected next line, thus and change the next line that voltage on the row driver writes display.Thereby repeat this process and write whole display in line by line mode.
The Perfected process that is used for the electro-optic displays of the such pulsed drive of addressing outwardly is exactly so-called " general grayscale image flow " (" general grayscale image flow "), thus its middle controller arrange image each write and make each pixel directly arrive final GTG from its initial GTG.Yet, when writing image on the pulsed drive display inevitably some mistakes can appear, and its mistake that runs in actual applications comprises:
(a) original state dependence; For to the small part electro-optical medium, be used for pixel is converted to the optical states that the needed pulse of new optical states not only depends on electric current and expection, also depend on the previous optical states of pixel.
(b) residence time dependence; For to the small part electro-optical medium, be used for that pixel is converted to the needed pulse of new optical states and depend on pixel and rest on time on each optical states.Though and unclear this dependent exact nature,, time of stopping on its current optical states of pixel longly more just needs more pulse usually.
(c) temperature dependency; Be used to change pixel to a needed pulse of new optical states and seriously depend on temperature.
(d) humidity dependence; For electro-optical medium, be used to change pixel to a needed pulse of new optical states and depend on ambient humidity to the small part type.
(e) mechanical homogeneity; Be used for changing pixel to the new needed pulse of an optical states meeting and influenced by display variation mechanically, for example variation of the viscosity of electro-optic medium thickness or associated lamination.The difference manufacturing of medium batch, the inevitable variation of making tolerance deviation and changes in material also can cause the mechanical heterogencity of other type.
(f) voltage error; Because in the voltage that transmits by driver slight errors is arranged inevitably, the actual voltage that is applied on the pixel also can have with the voltage that applies in theory inevitably difference is arranged slightly.
General grayscale image flow suffers the evil of " error accumulation " phenomenon.For example, suppose that temperature dependency causes 0.2L on positive dirction in each transition process
*(L wherein
*Have general International Commission on Illumination (CIE) definition:
L
*＝116(R/R
0)
1/3-16，
Wherein R is reflection coefficient and R
0Be the reflectance value of standard) error.Through 50 transformations, error can be accumulated to 10L
*Perhaps actual, what suppose each transformation with the theory of display and the average error that difference was showed of actual reflectance is ± 0.2L
*Through 100 times continuous transformations, pixel can demonstrate and deviate from expecting state 2L
*The average departure amount; On the image of some type, these deviations are tangible for the overview person.
The error accumulation phenomenon not only is applied to the error that temperature causes, and also is applied to all types error listed above.U.S. Patent No. 7,012 as previously mentioned, and 600 is described, and it is possible that above-mentioned error is compensated, but can only reach limited degree of accuracy.For example, temperature error can compensate by adopting temperature sensor and look-up table, but the resolution of temperature sensor is limited and the temperature of the temperature that reads and electro-optical medium between have slight difference.Similarly, the original state dependence can and adopt the transition matrix of multidimensional to compensate by the storage original state, but controller storage has limited the size of amount of state that can write down and the transition matrix that can store, has therefore limited the precision of this compensation type.
Therefore, general grayscale image flow need very accurately be controlled result to provide to the pulse that applies, and it is found that rule of thumb that under the present case of electro-optic displays technology it is impracticable that general grayscale image flow is used in the commercial display.
In some cases, people are desirably in and adopt a plurality of drive schemes in the single display device.For example, for the display that has more than two GTGs, can adopt the gray scale drive scheme (GSDS) that can between all possible GTG, realize transformation, and the monochrome drive scheme (MDS) that only between two GTGs (being typically two extreme optical state of each pixel), realizes transformation.This MDS provides the writing again of display faster than GSDS.During display write again, when all pixels that will change only changed between employed two GTGs of MDS, MDS was used.For example, aforesaid 2005/0001812 has described the display that exists with e-book or similar devices, and it can either gray scale images, can show the dialog box of the monochrome that allows user's input text relevant with display image again.When user input text, adopt fast that MDS upgrades dialog box fast, therefore the affirmation fast of institute's input text is provided for the user.On the other hand, when whole gray level image shown on the display changes, adopt slower GSDS.
Display can effectively utilize plural drive scheme.For example, display can have GSDS of a zonule that is used for refresh display and employed second GSDS when the entire image on the display need change or refresh.For example, the user of editor's fraction picture on display, can go to observe editor's result with a GSDS (it does not require the flicker of display), but also can use second " pure " GSDS (it comprises the flicker of display really) to be used for demonstrating more accurately the picture of clean up editing, or on display, show the picture that makes new advances.In this scheme, the 2nd GSDS refers to " gray level is clear " drive scheme or " GSCDS ".
As describing in detail in 2005/0001812 in front, electro-optic displays at least some types, the drive scheme that expectation is adopted is the DC balance, say in some sense, for any transformation series that starts and end at same GTG, the border is arranged in this algebraic sum that changes the pulse that is applied during the series.The drive scheme that it is found that the DC balance can provide more stable display performance and the image artifacts of minimizing (artifact).Ideally, all independent waveforms are DC balances in the drive scheme, but are difficult to accomplish to make all DC balances of all waveforms in practice, therefore, even drive scheme is made the as a whole DC of being balance, this drive scheme normally the DC balance with the mixing unbalanced waveform of DC.
In same display, adopt the drive scheme of the DC balance of two this mixing to cause the DC imbalance of drive scheme on the whole because adopt from the transition loop of the transformation of two drive schemes.For example, imagine a display and a simple transition loop that has adopted MDS and GSDS, Bai-Hei-Bai.(W → B) transformation has a clean pulse (net impulse) I to GSDS for Bai-Hei
1And (because it is the DC balance) transformation has a clean pulse-I for B → W (black → white)
1Similarly, (W → B) transformation has a clean pulse I to MDS for Bai-Hei
2(be not equal to I
1) and (because it is the DC balance) change for B → W (black → white) and have a clean pulse-I
2If pixel drives to white employing MDS from black from driving then to the black GSDS of employing in vain, clean pulse is I for round-robin
1-I
2, it is not equal to 0.And, repeating this identical circulation indefinitely, the clean pulse of round-robin will be accumulated, and therefore clean pulse is unconfined, and whole drive scheme no longer is the DC balance.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of electro-optic displays and the method that is used to operate this display, this method allows to guarantee that with a kind of whole drive scheme is the DC balance or very adopts two kinds of different drive schemes simultaneously near the mode of DC balance.
The invention provides a kind of electro-optic displays that adopts a plurality of different drive schemes, the waveform of selected drive scheme can make be applied to all similar and clean pulses inhomogeneous irreducible round-robin pixel (net impulse) absolute value divided by the quantity that changes in the circulation less than 20% of characteristic pulse.
Wherein:
The GTG sequence of similar irreducible circulation for beginning, pass through zero or more GTG and finish at initial GTG at initial GTG, wherein all transformations all are to adopt identical drive scheme to realize, and wherein except initial GTG, other any GTG of this cyclic access is no more than once;
The irreducible circulation of inhomogeneity for begin at initial GTG, by one or more GTGs and in the GTG sequence of initial GTG end, wherein this circulation comprises the transformation of at least two different driving schemes of employing, be used for realizing circulating last transformation drive scheme be next to the circulation beginning before to be used to be implemented to the drive scheme of transformation of initial GTG identical, and this circulation does not comprise shorter irreducible circulation; And
Characteristic pulse is the pulse average absolute that need be used to drive the pixel between two extreme optical state that are in pixel.
Ideally, be applied to all similar and clean pulses inhomogeneous irreducible circulation (as following defined) pixel divided by the quantity that changes in the circulation less than 10% of characteristic pulse, and be preferably less than 5%.More desirably, be substantially zero for all similar clean pulses with inhomogeneous irreducible round-robin, all these circulations just are for the DC balance.
In the method, a plurality of drive schemes can comprise gray scale drive schemes and monochrome drive scheme, or two gray scale drive schemes and monochrome drive scheme.In a back example, in two gray scale drive schemes one can adopt the local updating of image and another adopts the overall situation to upgrade.Alternatively, in two gray scale drive schemes one can provide and compare more accurate GTG with another, but this can cause display more to glimmer.
This method can adopt the electro-optical medium of any kind discussed above.Therefore, for example, electro-optic displays can comprise rotation double-colored element, electrochromism or electric wetting demonstration medium.Alternatively, electro-optic displays can comprise the electrophoretic media based on particle, and a plurality of charged particles move through fluid under electric field effects in this medium.Charged particle and fluid can be encapsulated in a plurality of capsules or the micro unit, or the form with the droplet of a plurality of separation exists in comprising the external phase of polymeric binder.This fluid can be a gaseous state.
The present invention includes electro-optic displays, this display comprises that electro-optical medium layer, at least one configuration are used for the electro-optical medium layer is applied the electrode of electric field, and disposing the controller that is applied to the electric field of electro-optical medium by at least one electrode control, the controller that is disposed is used for implementing method of the present invention.
Display of the present invention can be used for electro-optic displays used any purposes, for example E-book reader, portable computer, panel computer, mobile phone, smart card, label, wrist-watch, shelf label and flash memory disk before basically.
As noted above, the invention provides a kind of method of utilizing a plurality of different drive schemes to drive electro-optic displays, the waveform of selected drive scheme can make be applied to all similar and clean pulses inhomogeneous irreducible round-robin pixel absolute value divided by the quantity that changes in the circulation less than 20% of characteristic pulse.
Embodiment
The present invention is based on similar and inhomogeneous irreducible round-robin notion.For these purposes, gray level loop is the GTG sequence with identical initial and final GTG.For example, suppose the gray level of four GTGs (2-bit), GTG is expressed as 1,2,3 and 4 from the darkest to the brightest, and the example of this gray level loop has:
1→1
2→3→2
1→4→3→2→1。
Similar irreducible circulation be originate in initial GTG, by zero or more a plurality of GTG and end at the GTG sequence of initial GTG, wherein all transformations realize by identical drive scheme (being generally gray scale drive scheme or " GSDS ").Though common gray level loop can repeatedly be visited any GTG, similar irreducible circulation except visit as already explained with initial GTG must be identical final GTG, it is visited any GTG and is no more than once.For example, suppose the gray level of four identical GTGs (2-bit), similar irreducible circulation has:
1→1
2→2
1→2→1
3→2→1→3
1→2→3→4→1。
First circulation is converted to GTG 1 from GTG 1 simply, and second is converted to GTG 2 from GTG 2.The 3rd example is converted to GTG 2 in GTG 1 beginning, transforms back into GTG 1 then.
Gray level loop can be similar (promptly all transformations adopts identical drive scheme to realize), but non-irreducible.The example of non-irreducible homogeneous loops is:
1→2→3→2→1。
1→2→2→1
3→2→3→2→3
Because these circulations have all comprised not being initial and the repeated accesses of the same GTG of final GTG, all these circulate, and all right and wrong are irreducible, and can yojan become a plurality of irreducible circulations.
It is evident that there is the similar irreducible circulation of limited quantity in any GTG number in certain gray level.
Except the transformation that comprises at least two different driving schemes of employing, inhomogeneous circulation is similar with similar circulation.The same with homogeneous loops, in the inhomogeneity circulation, initial and final GTG must be identical; Equally, in inhomogeneity circulation, be used to realize that the last drive scheme that changes of round-robin must be identical with the drive scheme of the transformation that is used to be implemented to initial GTG before.By way of example, suppose in the gray level of four GTGs mentioned in front, adopt drive scheme A transformation of 4, can symbolically be from GTG 1 to GTG:
1→(a)→4
1 reverse transformation symbolically is from GTG 4 to GTG to adopt drive scheme B:
4→(b)→1
The inhomogeneity circulation can change structure by such two kinds and form, that is:
1→(a)→4→(b)→1
As circulate shown in the end, wherein initial GTG 1 state utilizes drive scheme B to realize.
It is evident that various other inhomogeneity circulations can adopt a plurality of drive scheme structures to form separately.Irreducible inhomogeneity circulation can be defined as has following two characteristics:
(a) initial GTG and finally GTG is identical, and the drive scheme that is used to realize final GTG be used to realize that the drive scheme of initial GTG is identical; And
(b) inhomogeneity circulation itself does not comprise irreducible circulation.
Irreducible inhomogeneity round-robin example is as follows:
1→(a)→4→(b)→1→(b)→2→(a)→1
1→(a)→4→(b)→1→(c)→4→(d)→1
Non-irreducible inhomogeneity round-robin example is as follows:
1→(a)→4→(a)→1→(b)→4→(a)→1
1→(a)→2→(b)→3→(b)→2→(a)→1
Because they comprise irreducible circulation: first circulation comprises two 1 → (a) → 4 → (a) → 1 continuous irreducible circulations, and second circulation comprises two nested irreducible circulations.
Be appreciated that complicated homogeneous loops can be deconstructed into irreducible circulation and be embedded in irreducible round-robin finite aggregate in other irreducible circulations by similar mode.For example, such homogeneous loops:
1→4→3→2→3→2→3→2→1→2→1
Can be deconstructed into two continuous 2 → 3 → 2 in 1 → 4 → 3 → 2 → 1 circulations that are nested in and circulate, and and then 1 → 2 → 1 circulation in the back.
Because similar can be deconstructed in this manner irreducible round-robin combination with inhomogeneous circulation, if drawing all irreducible circulations thus is the DC balance, all possible circulation (promptly begin and finish with same gray level might sequence) is the DC balance.
As already mentioned, in the single display device that adopts a plurality of drive schemes, whole drive scheme and each drive scheme all are that DC balance (perhaps not so not ideally, on the very little meaning of any given round-robin pulse algebraic sum, DC balance basically) has certain advantage.According to the present invention, it is the DC balance that the selection of drive scheme can make all similar or inhomogeneous irreducible circulations, or with the less preferred form of the present invention, and all similar and inhomogeneous irreducible circulations are the DC balance substantially.The DC-balance is to allow to have little DC imbalance in some or all similar and inhomogeneous circulation substantially.
As already mentioned, preferred form of this method adopts a monochrome drive scheme and at least one gray scale drive schemes as a plurality of drive schemes exactly.As known the technician in electro-optic displays field, gray scale drive scheme (GSDS) can be used for realizing taking office the what transformation of his GTG from any GTG in gray level.The example of the GTG sequence that the effect of upgrading by the GSDS gray scale obtains is as follows:
2→(G)3→(G)1→(G)4→(G)3→(G)1→(G)3→(G)3→(G)3→(G)2
Wherein, " → (G) " represent that relevant transformation is realized by GSDS.This example supposes that the gray level of aforementioned four GTGs (2-bit) has from the darkest to the brightest GTG by 1,2,3 and 4 expressions.
Can realize belonging to transformation between the GTG of a monochrome subset of GTG with monochrome drive scheme (MDS), monochrome subset comprises two GTGs in the aforesaid gray level.In this example, monochrome subset be 1,4}, promptly dark and the brightest GTG (typically be respectively black and white).In the sequence of any given GTG, some transformations can realize that other transformations then realize by GSDS by MDS.For example, the GTG sequence can be:
2→(G)3→(G)1→(M)4→(M)1→(M)4→(G)3→(G)1→(M)4→(G)2
The relevant transition that realizes by MDS of " → (M) " expression wherein.This sequence shows the inhomogeneity renewal, just adopts the combined renewal of GSDS and MDS.
Concrete preferred embodiment of the present invention has adopted three different drive schemes, i.e. gray scale drive scheme, gray scale clear drive scheme (gray scale clear drive scheme) and monochrome drive scheme.Gray scale drive scheme can be different in all fields with gray scale clear drive scheme, for example, gray scale drive scheme can adopt local updating (promptly only rewriting the pixel that needs change), and gray scale clear drive scheme can adopt the overall situation to upgrade (whether the GTG of pixel changes no matter promptly rewrite all pixels).Alternatively, gray scale clear drive scheme can provide in transition process than the more accurate GTG of gray scale drive scheme, is cost to glimmer more still.
Each waveform of drive scheme among the present invention adjusted to basically or fully after the DC balance, the any technology described in the various patents in first section of the application, mentioned and the application be can adopt, all similar and inhomogeneous irreducible circulations realized.These technology comprise that the various original states change waveforms according to display (for example make, homogeneous loops 1 → 2 → 1 and 1 → 3 → 2 → 1 all ends at 2 → 1 and changes, can be different and be used for 2 → 1 waveforms that change in both cases), the right insertion of the pulse of balance and other can GTG realize some changes but have the waveform element of zero clean pulse.
Claims (15)
1. one kind is adopted a plurality of different drive schemes to drive the method for electro-optic displays, it is characterized in that: the waveform of selected described drive scheme can make be applied to all similar and clean pulses inhomogeneous irreducible round-robin pixel absolute value divided by the quantity that changes in the circulation less than 20% of characteristic pulse;
Wherein:
The GTG sequence of similar irreducible circulation for beginning, pass through zero or a plurality of GTG and finish at described initial GTG at initial GTG, wherein all transformations all are to adopt described identical drive scheme to realize, and wherein said circulation is visited other any GTG and is no more than once except described initial GTG;
The GTG sequence of the irreducible circulation of inhomogeneity for beginning, pass through one or more GTG and finish at described initial GTG at initial GTG, wherein said circulation comprises the transformation of at least two different driving schemes of employing, the drive scheme of the transformation that is used for realizing that described circulation is last be next to the described beginning of described round-robin before to be used to be implemented to the described drive scheme of transformation of described initial GTG identical, and described circulation does not comprise shorter irreducible circulation; And
Described characteristic pulse is the average absolute that is used to drive the pulse of the pixel between two extreme optical state that are in pixel.
2. the method for claim 1, wherein will be applied to all similar with described clean pulse inhomogeneous irreducible round-robin pixel divided by the quantity that in described circulation, changes less than 10% of described characteristic pulse.
3. method as claimed in claim 2, wherein will be applied to all similar with described clean pulse inhomogeneous irreducible round-robin pixel divided by the quantity that in described circulation, changes less than 5% of described characteristic pulse.
4. method as claimed in claim 3 wherein is applied to all and similarly is substantially zero with described clean pulse inhomogeneous irreducible round-robin pixel.
5. the method for claim 1, wherein said drive scheme comprises gray scale drive scheme and monochrome drive scheme.
6. the method for claim 1, wherein said drive scheme comprises two gray scale drive scheme and monochrome drive scheme.
7. method as claimed in claim 6, one of wherein said two gray scale drive scheme adopts the local updating of image and another adopts the overall situation to upgrade.
8. method as claimed in claim 6, one in wherein said two gray scale drive scheme can provide with another drive scheme and compares GTG more accurately, but causes the flicker more of described display.
9. the method for claim 1, wherein said electro-optic displays comprise rotation double-colored element, electrochromism or electric wetting demonstration medium.
10. the method for claim 1, wherein said electro-optic displays comprises the electrophoretic media based on particle, a plurality of charged particles move through fluid under electric field effects in described electrophoretic media based on particle.
11. method as claimed in claim 10, wherein said charged particle and described fluid are encapsulated in a plurality of capsules or the micro unit.
12. method as claimed in claim 10, wherein said charged particle exists with the form of a plurality of droplets that separate in comprising the external phase of polymeric binder with described fluid.
13. method as claimed in claim 10, wherein said fluid is a gaseous state.
14. electro-optic displays, it comprises that electro-optical medium layer, at least one configuration are used for described electro-optical medium layer is applied the electrode of electric field, and configuration controls the controller of the described electric field that is applied to described electro-optical medium by at least one described electrode, and described controller is configured to implement the method according to aforementioned arbitrary claim.
15. an E-book reader, portable computer, panel computer, mobile phone, smart card, label, wrist-watch, shelf label or flash memory disk comprise the display according to claim 14.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US59572905P | 2005-08-01 | 2005-08-01 | |
| US60/595,729 | 2005-08-01 | ||
| USPCT/US2005/028296 | 2005-08-13 | ||
| PCT/US2006/030092 WO2007016627A2 (en) | 2005-08-01 | 2006-08-01 | Methods for driving electro-optic displays |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101233557A true CN101233557A (en) | 2008-07-30 |
| CN101233557B CN101233557B (en) | 2010-04-14 |
Family
ID=38068448
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200680028074XA Active CN101233557B (en) | 2005-08-01 | 2006-08-01 | Methods for driving electro-optic displays |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1911016B1 (en) |
| JP (3) | JP5765875B2 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN101233557B (en) |
| HK (1) | HK1118371A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2007016627A2 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101840123A (en) * | 2009-03-13 | 2010-09-22 | 精工爱普生株式会社 | The driving method of electrophoretic display apparatus, electronic equipment and electrophoretic display panel |
| CN107210023A (en) * | 2015-02-04 | 2017-09-26 | 伊英克公司 | The electro-optic displays shown with dark mode and bright mode and related apparatus and method |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9672766B2 (en) * | 2003-03-31 | 2017-06-06 | E Ink Corporation | Methods for driving electro-optic displays |
| US8926065B2 (en) | 2009-08-14 | 2015-01-06 | Advanced Liquid Logic, Inc. | Droplet actuator devices and methods |
| KR101793352B1 (en) * | 2010-04-09 | 2017-11-02 | 이 잉크 코포레이션 | Methods for driving electro-optic displays |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB9407116D0 (en) * | 1994-04-11 | 1994-06-01 | Secr Defence | Ferroelectric liquid crystal display with greyscale |
| US6504524B1 (en) * | 2000-03-08 | 2003-01-07 | E Ink Corporation | Addressing methods for displays having zero time-average field |
| US7119772B2 (en) * | 1999-04-30 | 2006-10-10 | E Ink Corporation | Methods for driving bistable electro-optic displays, and apparatus for use therein |
| WO2003044765A2 (en) * | 2001-11-20 | 2003-05-30 | E Ink Corporation | Methods for driving bistable electro-optic displays |
| US7385572B2 (en) * | 2002-09-09 | 2008-06-10 | E.I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Organic electronic device having improved homogeneity |
| US8928562B2 (en) * | 2003-11-25 | 2015-01-06 | E Ink Corporation | Electro-optic displays, and methods for driving same |
-
2006
- 2006-08-01 WO PCT/US2006/030092 patent/WO2007016627A2/en active Application Filing
- 2006-08-01 EP EP06789193.7A patent/EP1911016B1/en active Active
- 2006-08-01 CN CN200680028074XA patent/CN101233557B/en active Active
- 2006-08-01 JP JP2008525154A patent/JP5765875B2/en active Active
-
2008
- 2008-08-26 HK HK08109472.0A patent/HK1118371A1/en unknown
-
2012
- 2012-12-03 JP JP2012264095A patent/JP2013047855A/en active Pending
-
2015
- 2015-03-12 JP JP2015049044A patent/JP2015111307A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101840123A (en) * | 2009-03-13 | 2010-09-22 | 精工爱普生株式会社 | The driving method of electrophoretic display apparatus, electronic equipment and electrophoretic display panel |
| CN107210023A (en) * | 2015-02-04 | 2017-09-26 | 伊英克公司 | The electro-optic displays shown with dark mode and bright mode and related apparatus and method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1911016A4 (en) | 2010-01-27 |
| JP2009516856A (en) | 2009-04-23 |
| CN101233557B (en) | 2010-04-14 |
| WO2007016627A3 (en) | 2007-04-12 |
| JP5765875B2 (en) | 2015-08-19 |
| EP1911016A2 (en) | 2008-04-16 |
| EP1911016B1 (en) | 2016-03-02 |
| JP2015111307A (en) | 2015-06-18 |
| WO2007016627A9 (en) | 2009-11-26 |
| WO2007016627A2 (en) | 2007-02-08 |
| HK1118371A1 (en) | 2009-02-06 |
| JP2013047855A (en) | 2013-03-07 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US7453445B2 (en) | Methods for driving electro-optic displays | |
| CN105580067B (en) | Method for driving electro-optic displays | |
| JP6284564B2 (en) | Method for driving an electro-optic display | |
| US20190272791A1 (en) | Methods for driving video electro-optic displays | |
| US10037735B2 (en) | Active matrix display with dual driving modes | |
| US20140253425A1 (en) | Method and apparatus for driving electro-optic displays | |
| KR20130045258A (en) | Methods for driving electro-optic displays | |
| CN101233557B (en) | Methods for driving electro-optic displays | |
| CN113228151A (en) | Electro-optic display | |
| EP3420553B1 (en) | Methods and apparatus for driving electro-optic displays | |
| TW202032524A (en) | Electro-optic displays | |
| US20100090943A1 (en) | Electrophoretic Display Apparatus and Method | |
| CN101800033A (en) | The method that is used for driving electro-optical display apparatus | |
| CN112955817A (en) | Electro-optic display | |
| US20230213832A1 (en) | Methods for driving electro-optic displays | |
| KR20230044289A (en) | Electro-optical displays and driving methods |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: HK Ref legal event code: DE Ref document number: 1118371 Country of ref document: HK |
|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CI01 | Publication of corrected invention patent application |
Correction item: International Day of publication Correct: 20070208 False: 20070412 Number: 15 Volume: 26 |
|
| CI03 | Correction of invention patent |
Correction item: International Day of publication Correct: 20070208 False: 20070412 Number: 15 Page: The title page Volume: 26 |
|
| ERR | Gazette correction |
Free format text: CORRECT: INTERNATIONAL PROCLAMATION DATE; FROM: 20070412 TO: 20070208 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: HK Ref legal event code: GR Ref document number: 1118371 Country of ref document: HK |