CN101232933A

CN101232933A - Method and device for decreasing the portion of particles in exhaust gases

Info

Publication number: CN101232933A
Application number: CNA200680028268XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: R·布吕科; P·希尔特; W·黑尔德; E·雅各布; U·克列宁
Original assignee: Emitec Gesellschaft fuer Emissionstechnologie mbH
Current assignee: Vitesco Technologies Lohmar Verwaltungs GmbH
Priority date: 2005-06-03
Filing date: 2006-06-02
Publication date: 2008-07-30
Also published as: DE102005026032A1

Abstract

The invention relates to an exhaust gas treating device comprising a particle separator (101), an SCR catalyst (102) for selectively reducing nitrogen oxides and an ammonia generator (103) for producing the ammonia in the form of a selective reduction agent for reducing said nitrogen oxides, wherein the particle separator (101) is placed in a main exhaust gas line (104), the ammonia generator (103) is mounted in a first auxiliary line (105) leading to the main exhaust gas line (104) opening, which is embodied in such a way that a gas flow containing the ammonia produced in the ammonia generator (103) is enable to pass through the SCR catalyst (102). The inventive method and device make it possible to simultaneously reduce the content in particles and nitrogen oxides (NOx) of the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine (100), wherein the power consumption for said reduction is limited and the device can be entirely produced in the form of a compact unit.

Description

Be used to handle the method and apparatus of the waste gas of internal combustion engine

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of waste gas that is used to handle internal combustion engine, in particular for reducing the method and apparatus of nitrogen oxides from exhaust gas content and granule content.Advantageous applications of the present invention is in vehicle.

Background technology

Different according to internal combustion engine form, discharge capacity and running status, internal combustion engine produces the waste gas of different component.Not only for static field, for example in the power station, and in mobile application scenario, for example in motor vehicle, ships and light boats or aircraft, these waste gas must be followed legal limiting value in a lot of countries, and it is more and more stricter that these limiting values become gradually.Usually only just can follow these limiting values by exhaust-gas treatment or post processing.Because must follow the limiting value of multiple waste gas component, so also need the equipment that is used for exhaust after-treatment and the method for relative complex.This causes the multiple different waste gas purification parts of needs, and the work of these waste gas purification parts can be respectively exerts an influence to the concentration of the different component of waste gas, for example for especially the nitrogen oxides from exhaust gas of diesel engine and the concentration of particle are exactly this situation.

The method of some SCRs based on nitrogen oxide (SCR, selective catalytic reduction) has been proposed aspect nitrogen oxides reduction.At this, use for example ammonia (NH of selective reduction agent ₃), this selective reduction agent causes the SCR (reaction) of nitrogen oxide in the catalyst converter of respective design.Have any problem because especially under the mobile condition situation, directly lay in ammonia, so propose deposit ammonia precursor, for example urea, isocyanic acid, cyanuric acid or aminoquinoxaline in many cases.Especially full-fledged with aqueous solution deposit urea to putting on market.These systems have such shortcoming, promptly, the tank that need add for the ammonia precursor, this especially under mobile application scenario because little structure space--be unfavorable in the passenger car field especially, in addition, this also needs the system that can be used to supply the ammonia precursor of area occupied, because under the situation of no ammonia precursor, the conversion of nitrogen oxide stops, and therefore can not transform under the situation of tank sky again.

Some have been proposed in addition as can vehicle-mounted (on-board) producing the system of ammonia.For example DE 10258185A1 discloses by plasma support ground and has formed nitric oxide, then with hydrogeneous air-flow thereby this nitric oxide reduction ammonification is come to generate ammonia from atmospheric nitrogen.This system has such shortcoming, that is, only considered the nitrogen oxide of waste gas and do not consider other component of waste gas.

Summary of the invention

Therefore, the objective of the invention is to, a kind of equipment and method that is used for reducing engine exhaust gas nitrogen oxide and granule density is provided, this equipment and this method make and can reduce these two kinds of components simultaneously and not require other work raw material of use at this.

Described purpose realizes by equipment with the described feature of claim 1 and the method with the described feature of claim 15.Favourable improvement project is the content of corresponding dependent claims.

The equipment that is used to handle waste gas according to the present invention comprises:

-particle separator,

-SCR catalyst converter, be used for selective reducing nitrogen oxide and

-ammonia generator is used to produce the ammonia as being used for the selective reduction agent of nitrogen oxides reduction,

Wherein, particle separator designs in primary exhaust conduit, and ammonia generator is formed in the first looped pipeline road, wherein, the first looped pipeline road is led in the primary exhaust conduit at the intersection place, and this intersection is designed to, but makes the air-flow percolation SCR catalyst converter that contains ammonia that produces in ammonia generator.

The air-flow that preferably contains ammonia is the percolation particle separator also.Ammonia generator is arranged in the first looped pipeline road means that especially ammonia generator can be arranged in the bypass of discharge duct.On the other hand, the first looped pipeline road is connected like this with discharge duct, making can be with the ammonia (NH that generates ₃) be input in the discharge duct, but with waste gas guiding by ammonia generator or be directed to ammonia generator.Here, particle refers in particular to particle that comprises carbon or the particle that is made of simple carbon.

Particle separator, SCR catalyst converter and ammonia generator can respectively comprise at least one honeycomb ceramics.Honeycomb ceramics is meant to have the object that big wall surface amassed, had the cavity that fluid such as waste gas can flow through at least.Honeycomb ceramics for example useful ceramics material is made, for example by extruding.In addition, also available metal layer structure of honeycomb ceramics.These metal levels for example can comprise the layer that forms (convex-concave) structure to small part, and these layers to small part formation (convex-concave) structure are wound into helical form, reel with one or more level and smooth basically layers in case of necessity.Another embodiment of honeycomb ceramics also comprises metal level, and described metal level piles up.One or morely stack in the same way or oppositely curl.One stacks and can comprise that at least one forms the layer of (convex-concave) structure to small part, also may comprise the layer that at least one is level and smooth basically in case of necessity.According to the present invention, honeycomb ceramics also may comprise by at least one stacking to small part curling of forming that the metal level of structure and at least one possible sometimes flat basically metal level constitute.

Metal level refers in particular in porous metallic layers, silk screen layer or the said elements of metallic plate paper tinsel, fiber non-woven material, sintering at least two kinds combination.The layer that forms structure to small part is meant at least the layer that has (convex-concave) structure in the subregion, and these structures form cavity after reeling, pile up or reversing.These structures especially can be designed to corrugated.Basically flat layer is meant level and smooth and layer that may have little (convex-concave) structure sometimes.Micro-structural is that the structuring amplitude is obviously than the little structure of structure amplitude that forms the layer of structure to small part.

Particle separator especially can be open or sealing.The particle separator of structure sealing like this makes when waste gas percolation waste gas must pass at least one wall of particle separator.This for example can realize like this, particle separator is configured with a plurality of passages of separating by porous wall, these passages are sealing on the air inlet side of honeycomb ceramics and exhaust side distolateral alternately, thus, exist first group have open in the air inlet side, at the distolateral cavity of exhaust side sealing, second group close at the air inlet side seal, at the open distolateral cavity of exhaust side.

Particle separator also can comprise open particulate filter.Working as particle, particularly is that in the time of can passing completely through particulate filter basically, particulate filter is known as open than the obvious big particle of the particle that will filter out originally.Thus, even this filter can not stop up when particle gathers during operation yet.The suitable method that is used to measure the openness of particulate filter for example is to detect, and the spheric granules how many diameters is to the maximum still can slowly flow through this filter.In current operating position, if especially diameter is more than or equal to the spheroid of 0.1mm, the preferred above diameter sphere of 0.2mm slow percolation still, then filter is open.

Particle separator is available metal foamed material and/or ceramic foam material formation especially.Particle separator can have regularly, brokenly or the cavity that is shaped mussily.

The SCR catalyst converter preferably includes the honeycomb ceramics that is provided with the SCR coating.This SCR coating especially comprises zeolite, especially X, Y, ZSM-5 or the ZSM-11 type of the vanadium/tungsten mixed oxide that carries titanium dioxide (anatase) or metal exchange, the zeolite of preferred iron displacement.In the configuration of on-board ammonia generator, can advantageously abandon hydrolyze urea required hydrolyst/device usually.

Especially provide advantage at aspect the connection and work aspect according to equipment of the present invention.Therefore, can use a unique equipment, this equipment reduces by two kinds of important and waste gas components that be relative to each other connection simultaneously.Especially also can control like this according to equipment of the present invention, that is, reduce the content of nitrogen oxide and the content of particle in an identical manner simultaneously.Can regard so-called " black box " as according to equipment of the present invention, the user of gas extraction system and system designer needn't be concerned about the detailed working method of the parts that are installed in this case in this black box, but only must carry out and being connected of gas extraction system and power supply unit.

Advantageously, construct intersection by this way, make the also percolation particle separator of air-flow contain ammonia.Ammonia is being favourable aspect the regeneration that makes particle separator.

Particle separator preferably includes the alternately passage of sealing, these passages by fluid at least in part the wall of percolation separate mutually.

The preferred particle separator of structure like this makes waste gas can flow through wall.According to the difference of configuration, especially for open particle separator, waste gas can partly flow through wall, perhaps also can flow through wall fully, forms especially in this case to have the alternately enclosed filters of the passage of sealing.That wall preferably can be designed to pottery and/or metal.

Particle separator preferably includes the carrier of part metals at least.The carrier of part metals for example can be designed to aforesaid honeycomb ceramics.Another example is a ceramic monolith, metal structure, and for example the conduct is used for gathering statically and/or the electrode of separating particles is encased in this ceramic monolith.

The carrier of described part metals at least preferably includes at least one metal level.Preferably include a honeycomb ceramics at this SCR catalyst converter, ammonia generator and/or particle separator, this honeycomb ceramics comprises at least one metal level.In addition, other carrier also can be configured to comprise at least one metal level.

Particle separator preferably includes ceramic filter element, and this filter element has the metal embedded part.

Ceramic filter element especially can be configured to stratiform, especially constructs by corresponding " making fast " technology.Here, layer structure refers in particular to: at first, the ground floor of object is reinforced this ground floor in the subregion then at least with one or more raw material structures, then applies the layer that another is made by one or more raw material on this layer that is reinforced.Equally at least, in the subregion, this layer is reinforced then, proceeded as described above then to handle, up to making filter element.

A kind of raw material can form ceramic wall after a while, and another kind of raw material can form metal embedded part after a while.Reinforcing can based in short-term, for example improve by shine the temperature that realizes with laser.By on the space optionally and/or uneven intensification and/or raw material by applying optionally and/or unevenly on the usage space, then can produce the cavity of separating by wall, these cavitys for example also can have the wall that forms micro-structural.In addition, can construct the wall with zone of different nature by using multiple raw material, these walls for example have different vesicularities or conductive capability in zones of different.In this way, also can by means of the metal embedded part be molded over filter element make after flow distribution in the filter element given in advance, which kind of which and therefore under the situation of gathering and/or separating of in filter element, carrying out static, can given in advancely in zone, separate with degree.In order to construct, especially can advantageously use " selective laser sintering " technology, " stereosopic printing " technology and " fusion sediment moulding " technology.

Preferred such particle separator configuration, promptly this particle separator has the cavity that fluid can flow through at least, and these cavitys are separated at least in part mutually by wall.

The cavity that can flow through for example is meant the passage of distolateral sealing endways.Especially but cavity also is a percolation.In addition, can preferably constitute cavity with size bigger than passage.Such hole can be preferred for making waste gas fully to mix better.

Wall preferably has at least one following character:

8.1) wall has coating in the part at least; Perhaps

8.2) wall comprises at least a catalytic active component.

Particle separator or filter element--same and all other honeycomb ceramics disclosed herein--are according to 8.1) can have coating.This coating especially can be pottery and/or comprise carrier coating (Washcoat) and/or zeolite.According to 8.2), the wall of the particle separator wall of all other honeycomb ceramics disclosed herein--same and--comprises catalytic active component.These catalytic active component can be applied to according to 8.1) in the coating of structure or also can be applied directly in the wall and/or on the wall, if these walls comprise ceramic material, then preferred latter event.Catalytic active component can preferably comprise noble metal, for example with the form of noble metal complexes.Preferably in catalytic active component, can comprise multiple noble metal.

Particle separator for example can preferably comprise the catalytic active component of accelerating oxidation in the distolateral zone of fluid input side preferably in a distolateral zone.But the catalytic active component of described accelerating oxidation is the oxidation reaction of catalysis from the nitric oxide to nitrogen dioxide especially, particle separator according to CRT (Continuous Regeneration Trap, cyclic regeneration trap) principle work in cyclic regeneration is essential.In addition, the catalytic active component of catalysis CRT regenerative response can be formed on the particle separator.This coating can preferably form in the whole particle separator.But the coating of accelerating oxidation for example also catalysis cause the heated OXIDATION OF HYDROCARBONS of particle separator.For example can like this hydrocarbon be incorporated in the particle separator, that is, make internal combustion engine in short time--for example for a cylinder of internal combustion engine in a circulation, with the fuel content that improves--is the work of rich mixture pattern.This makes hydrocarbon can arrive in the particle separator and oxidation there.

According to another favourable form of implementation of present device, particle separator has the regeneration possibility that is used to make particle separator regeneration.In this case, the regeneration possibility especially preferably produces by at least one following measure:

10.1) provide nitrogen dioxide in the upstream of at least a portion of particle separator;

10.2) temperature of at least a portion of particle separator is brought up to more than the limiting temperature;

10.3) provide oxidant in the upstream of at least a portion of particle separator; Or

10.4) regenerate by discharge.

A part of usage measure 10.1 to particle separator) to 10.4) one of be meant that relative measures is also permitted sometimes in (for 10.1) and 10.3 on the part of particle separator itself) situation) or the part at particle separator in (10.2) carry out.The regeneration possibility is meant that particle separator can reclaim the particle that (regeneration) is preserved and/or gathered, promptly from particle separator and/or the particle-removing that gets on.This regeneration possibility especially can be designed to hot mode and/or chemical mode.If particle separator has the regeneration possibility of hot mode, the device that particle separator can be heated to more than such temperature then can be set, under this temperature, carry out the oxidation of the carbon in the particle, preferably also can carry out oxidation by the residue oxygen part in the waste gas.Particle separator can comprise the catalytically-active materials of this oxidation of catalysis.The regeneration of hot mode can be by improving EGT and/or realizing by additional heating device.

If particle separator has the regeneration possibility of chemical mode, then there is such possibility, that is, realize the decomposition/minimizing of particle by chemical reaction.This for example can produce nitric oxide and carbon dioxide is realized by the reaction of carbon and nitrogen dioxide.Another possibility of regeneration possibility is the CRT method, is configured with the device that guarantees the concentration that nitrogen dioxide is enough big in the waste gas in particle separator as far as possible continuously in this possibility, to transform carbon granule continuously.Regeneration possibility based on discharge for example is based on surface-discharge.

According to another favourable form of implementation of present device, particle separator comprises the device that is used for producing at particle separator electric field, can realize at least one following function by this electric field:

12.1) gather particle; Or

12.2) separating particles.

At this, gather particle and especially instigate a plurality of granules to be accumulated as bigger particle.Separating particles especially instigates particle to accumulate on the filter.

Particulate, promptly for example diameter less than 10 microns or littler particle, owing to can be absorbed in people's the lung tissue but undesirable waste gas component.The average diameter of particle is big more, and these particles are impossible more to be absorbed in the lung tissue.Therefore advantageously; except for example separating owing to may cause (after a while) to discharge the short grained particle to the mechanism of particle separator; also wish to make particle be accumulated into bigger particle; so that the fraction of particle in the reduction waste gas and reach such average diameter of particles as far as possible; that is, make the overwhelming majority of particle can not be absorbed in the lung tissue again.

This gathering also can be realized by applying electric field.Electric field for example can produce like this, that is, particle separator has an earth electrode and an electrode that is in positive potential, forms corresponding especially transverse to the passage longitudinal axis of particle separator or the electric field of percolation direction thus.The preferred electrode that this of a plurality of formation also can be set in parallel with each other, thus particle separator comprises and a plurality ofly is used to gather or the electric field of separating particles.Described especially can be come work by DC voltage, but also available alternating voltage, especially frequency are that 10Hz or littler low-frequency ac voltage come work according to the present invention.

By the polarization carbon black granules, these carbon black granules attracted on one of them electrode and here gather.These electrodes especially can be combined with the wall of particle separator, especially is designed to the part of these walls or itself just forms these walls.Here, preferably form particle separator with metal foaming material, wherein, particle separator preferably includes at least two and especially is designed to corresponding identical member.Especially the preferred particle separator configuration of being made by metal foaming material, this metal foaming material forms the cavity of a plurality of waste gas percolations.

Particle separator preferably includes the device that is used for producing at particle separator second electric field, produces the surface-discharge that is used to make particle separator regeneration by this second electric field.

The details of disclosed particle separator can not have to realize under the situation of other parts of described equipment individually yet in the application's scope.

According to another favourable configuration of present device, ammonia generator comprises plasma generator.

Described plasma generator especially can be the plasma generator described in DE 10258185A1, the disclosure of the document, especially the content aspect the interpolation of the configuration of the running parameter of plasma generator, electrode and working gas is brought the application's disclosure into.The preferred work like this of plasma generator promptly, is heated to temperature more than the 2500K in short time with working gas.Plasma generator as working gas work, wherein, is selected the running parameter of plasma generator with the gas of nitrogenous and oxygen like this, makes the molecular balance of the reaction carried out in plasma move like this/postpone, so that the preferred nitric oxide that produces.Then, the reduction catalyst converter that this nitric oxide can be by especially being installed in the relative configurations on the honeycomb ceramics is reduced ammonification under the situation of for example adding as the hydrogen of reducing agent and/or hydrocarbon.Especially can use air, waste gas or be rich in the waste gas of air as working gas.

Preferably adopt such ammonia generator configuration at this, this ammonia generator comprises that at least one is used for temporarily storing the storage unit of at least a following component:

15.1) ammonia; Or

15.2) the ammonia precursor.

The ammonia precursor for example is meant and discharges material ammonia or that can react ammonification with other starting material by pyrolysis, pyrolytic and/or hydrolysis.At this, component 15.2) preferably comprise nitric oxide because this especially with the ammonia generator synergy that comprises plasma generator under, be used to make under the relative low situation of fuel additive decrementation of nitric oxide reduction ammonification and can obtaining high relatively ammonia quantum of output.Stored component 15.1) and/or 15.2) especially also can be used as and be used for the very high NO that waste gas produces _xThe buffer of concentration uses, at described high NO _xNeed a large amount of relatively ammonia under the situation of concentration.In addition, as mentioned above, storage unit can be advantageously used in and store and export nitric oxide by phased manner.In addition, except nitric oxide, the ammonia precursor for example also can refer to urea, isocyanic acid, cyanuric acid or aminoquinoxaline.

In addition, preferably temporarily store described at least a component at this storage unit by absorption, especially chemisorbed and/or physical absorption.

At this, physical absorption refers in particular to the storage of carrying out owing to the interaction of physics, and chemisorbed comprises the absorption based on chemical bond.Physical absorption is especially carried out under the temperature that is lower than first limiting temperature, and in the above ammonia precursor of this first limiting temperature generation desorb.Chemisorbed is carried out more than second limiting temperature to a great extent, because corresponding mobile molecular balance needs certain temperature.By correspondingly selecting storage unit, for example correspondingly design the coating of storage unit, can select first limiting temperature and second limiting temperature like this, that is, can in wide temperature range, realize the absorption nitric oxide.

For example can design the corresponding coating of honeycomb ceramics like this, that is, the distance that gets coating is suitable for physical absorption by the zone far away, surface that waste gas flows through, and the zone on the surface of being flow through by waste gas of close coating is suitable for chemisorbed.

Therefore, for example it is contemplated that the ammonia generator with at least two storage units, one of them storage unit is filled with nitric oxide, and another storage unit is exported the nitric oxide that is stored in wherein at least in part, thus can be with the nitric oxide reduction ammonification.At this, especially nitric oxide can be outputed in the air-flow of hydrogeneous and weary as far as possible oxygen.This has reduced required hydrogen content, because hydrogen can at first react with oxygen usually.If the working gas of plasma generator comprises air at least, then the oxygen content of working gas is still higher when leaving plasma generator, for example is in 18% to 19% the scope.If use now the weary hydrogeneous gas of oxygen--nitric oxide is provided in this gas or in this gas provides nitric oxide, then can be starkly lower than the situation of working gas being mixed with hydrogeneous gas directly to the demand of hydrogen.

Hydrogeneous gas especially can be cracked gas or forming gas, and this cracked gas or forming gas produce by the partial oxidation of hydrocarbon.Can be used as the starting material that is used for cracked gas or forming gas in particular for the fuel that makes internal combustion engine.Because required hydrogen content reduces, also reduced so compare the fuel additive decrementation with legacy system.Plasma generator can be intermittently with two gas piping work, and these gas pipings comprise that respectively one is used for temporarily storing nitric oxide production storage unit and also comprises a reduction unit that is used to make the nitric oxide reduction ammonification in case of necessity.Be used to make the reduction unit of nitric oxide reduction ammonification may also can supply together sometimes by two gas pipings.In addition, storage unit and reduction unit can be designed to for example have the honeycomb ceramics of corresponding storage and reduction coating by formation in a unique member.

The generation of cracked gas and/or forming gas can be in the reformer or reactor of relative configurations, preferably carry out in the second looped pipeline road.At this, preferably the partial oxidation by hydrocarbon produces cracked gas and/or forming gas.Especially like this construct the second looped pipeline road, make this second looped pipeline road lead in the first looped pipeline road in described at least one storage unit front, therefore, described at least one storage unit can cleaved gas and/or forming gas percolation.

In addition, ammonia generator alternately or comprises the device of the nitric oxide enrichment that makes in the air-flow with adding up, for example in this device, comprises nitrogen oxide (NO _x) air-flow be divided into one first air-flow and one second air-flow, NO is at NO in this first air-flow _xIn relative amount improve NO in this second air-flow ₂At NO _xIn relative amount improve.This for example can realize by corresponding diaphragm.

Another possibility is optionally only to store nitric oxide but the storage unit that do not store nitrogen dioxide.This can be by correspondingly molecular sieve, the especially zeolite of structure are realized.After having stored a certain amount of nitric oxide, this storage unit just can be by the waste gas percolation.Then, for example the nitric oxide that can will temporarily be stored in this storage unit by the process variable that changes physics and/or chemistry discharges and outputs in the hydrogeneous air-flow, after this, pass through corresponding catalyst (device) equally with nitric oxide catalytic reduction ammonification.

Directly enrichment or store nitric oxide production possibility and also can preferably migrate in the primary exhaust conduit from waste gas described here, and especially also can under the situation of not constructing particle separator or SCR catalyst converter, carry out.

Ammonia generator preferably includes and is used to import the device that is used for the reducing agent of nitric oxide reduction ammonification.The described device that is used to import reducing agent preferably can be connected with the tank of reducing agent and/or with the reactor and/or the reformer that produce reducing agent.Reducing agent preferably comprises at least a following substances in addition:

19.1) hydrocarbon; Or

19.2) hydrogen.

First reduction apparatus preferably is set, constructs these first reduction apparatus like this, make on these first reduction apparatus or available reducing agent 19.1 in these first reduction apparatus) and/or 19.2) carry out nitrogen oxide, preferred nitric oxide production reduction.Especially can be with the form and the nitrogen oxide of chemical combination, for example the nitrogen oxide with the chemisorbed that exists with nitrite anions or nitrate anion form reacts.

Especially be formed with the device that is used to provide and/or produce reducing agent.These devices especially comprise reformer and/or the reactor that is used for the partial oxidation hydrocarbon.The device that is used to import reducing agent preferably includes blender, and this blender is suitable for reducing agent is mixed with other gas.Can relate to active mixer and/or passive blender at this.

According to another favourable configuration of present device, at least a following gas percolation first looped pipeline road:

24.1) waste gas;

24.2) comprise the gas of oxygen and nitrogen at least; Or

24.3) air.

According to the present invention, at this gas 24.1 can appear), 24.2) and 24.3) any mixed proportion.But the especially simple waste gas percolation first looped pipeline road is preferably when the oxygen content in the waste gas is high, for example when internal combustion engine is diesel engine.In addition, but the simple air percolation first looped pipeline road.Especially when in ammonia generator, comprising plasma generator, form the first looped pipeline road like this, make except gas 24.1), 24.2) and/or 24.3), but also this looped pipeline road of percolation of hydrogeneous gas, so that realize then can being favourable with the nitric oxide reduction ammonification.The preferred structure like this first looped pipeline road makes gas 24.1), 24.2) and/or 24.3) ratio can regulate toward each other and/or change.

Another favourable configuration according to present device, particle separator comprises the device that is used for producing at particle separator electric field, ammonia generator comprises plasma generator, wherein, be formed with at least one and be used to the control device that produces and regulate the electric field of particle separator and be used to control plasma generator.

Especially it is favourable forming/be provided with a unique control device that not only is used for particle separator but also is used for plasma generator, because the condition of work of these two parts can be coordinated best mutually.Especially such method of work be can implement by a common controller, in this method of work, can granule content, particle size distribution and/or amount of nitrogen oxides be reduced or change with identical degree.Such method be can implement in addition, in the method,, alap energy and/or fuel additive decrementation also realized simultaneously except regulating or selectively reducing or change the above-mentioned parameter.For this reason, control device also can be connected with corresponding sensor, and for example with temperature sensor, λ probe, partial pressure sensor etc. are connected.

The device that is used for producing electric field especially comprises the electrode of particle separator and electricity (pressure) source that can be electrically connected with the electrode in the particle separator.Be preferably formed a unique control device, not only control device but also the control plasma generator that is used for producing electric field, and may also be plasma generator supply electric energy in case of necessity at particle separator by this control device.Especially under the situation of cold start, can advantageously at first give the device provisioning electric energy that is used for producing electric field, then after the time interval given in advance, also supply electric energy to plasma generator at particle separator.This has such advantage, that is, particle is gathered basically and/or separates, and only just carries out the conversion of nitrogen oxide when the SCR catalyst converter has reached its minimum operating temperature (" flame-out (light-off) " temperature).But the SCR catalyst converter just reaches this operating temperature after certain hour.

In this application the ammonia generator of Miao Shuing and the first looped pipeline road also can be advantageously individually, promptly under the situation of other parts that do not have present device, realize.

According to another favourable configuration of present device, oxidation catalyzer forms at least one following position:

26.1) in the upstream of particle separator;

26.2) in the downstream of ammonia generator and in the upstream of SCR catalyst converter; Or

26.3) in the downstream of SCR catalyst converter.

In position 26.1) on, but oxidation catalyzer especially catalysis from the nitric oxide to nitrogen dioxide oxidation and provide the reduction possibility for particle separator thus.In position 26.3) on, oxidation catalyzer is as by catalyst converter (Sperrkatalysator), should for example avoid ammonia and/or hydrocarbon to penetrate effectively by catalyst converter.In position 26.2) on, oxidation catalyzer can advantageously help to consume the oxygen that may comprise in leaving the gas of particle separator.The coating of oxidation catalyzer is especially aspect the type and concentration of employed catalytic active substance, in position 26.1), 26.2) with 26.3) on the oxidation catalyzer located can be different and with the corresponding reacting phase coupling for the treatment of catalysis.

Another favourable configuration according to present device, this equipment comprises first flow region and at least one second flow region, this first flow region and described second flow region basically can be each other abreast by percolations, wherein, first flow region is at least a portion of primary exhaust conduit, wherein, construct first flow region and second flow region like this, make heat to import to described at least one second flow region from first flow region.

These flow regions preferably coaxial and/or concentric.In addition, preferably in one second flow region, be formed with at least one following parts:

31.1) at least one plasma generator;

31.2) at least one reformer; Or

31.3) at least one reactor.

Preferably be configured with plasma generator and be configured with reformer or reactor in one the one the second flow region in one the two the second flow region, this reformer or reactor especially produce hydrogen by the partial oxidation of hydrocarbon.In addition, preferably adopt such improvement configuration, this first flow region is separated by at least one partition wall each other mutually with described at least one second flow region in this improvement configuration.

First flow region especially is on first side of partition wall, and second flow region is on second side of partition wall.Partition wall can be configured to single or multiple lift.Especially preferredly be, connect two common pipes in combination by planar ground material and form this two flow regions, wherein, the also deformable in case of necessity of these pipes.Except forming first flow region and second flow region coaxially, also can arrange these zones with one heart according to the present invention.

According to equipment of the present invention make can be in first flow region with first shunting and in second flow region with the second shunting direct exhaust.Because parts 31.1), 31.2) and/or 31.3) only be formed in first flow region, so for example can under the situation that need not bigger construction expenditure, guarantee, have only shunting of waste gas or gas shunting in a flow region through benefiting from the processing that plasma carries out, perhaps only in a waste gas shunting or gas shunting, carry out the partial oxidation of hydrocarbon.Therefore, especially plasma generator can be integrated in the gas extraction system of motor vehicle very compactly.Especially like this design plasma generator, make waste gas in plasma generator by gas discharge be heated to more than 2000 Kelvins, preferred even temperature more than 2800 Kelvins.In when work, the impact process of the non-heating power that brings out by plasma makes with high energy electron and does not exist only in the waste gas and be present in--addible in case of necessity--airborne dinitrogen and molecular oxygen by Electron Excitation, free and ionization.Preferably the reaction of molecule, free radical and ion by Electron Excitation and the waste gas by the plasma heating forms nitrogen oxide.Owing to there is high temperature, be preferably formed nitric oxide (NO), because the molecular balance under this temperature correspondingly preferentially forms nitric oxide rather than forms nitrogen dioxide.Its reaction time is in the scope that is lower than 10 microseconds.

Therefore, can improve nitric oxide production concentration at work by plasma generator.In addition, this nitric oxide can preferably be reduced ammonification.Plasma generator for example can design as described in DE 10258185A1, and wherein, the content of the document is in the disclosure of bringing the application aspect the structure of plasma generator and the work fully into.

Described equipment has suitable termination in the scope of plasma generator, by these terminations plasma generator is connected with the control corresponding device with corresponding electric supply installation (power supply).Can form corresponding insulation device and similar device according to the present invention.

If plasma generator is worked like this, make waste gas be heated to quite high temperature momently partly by gas discharge, for example then there are dinitrogen (N in 2800 Kelvins and higher temperature ₂) situation under, the reaction with the oxygen radical that forms by plasma takes place on the one hand, generate nitric oxide and nitrogen thus, this on the other hand nitrogen-atoms and molecular oxygen (O ₂) be reacted into nitric oxide and oxygen radical.Other is reflected under the high relatively temperature and has little significance, and therefore can obtain nitric oxide production high generation by using and correspondingly moving plasma generator.

Described at least one second flow region preferably forms at least one following position:

32.1) upstream of storage unit;

32.2) upstream of reformer or reactor; Or

32.3) upstream of plasma generator.

Therefore heat can advantageously import in the working gas separately storage unit, reformer or reactor and/or plasma generator, can reduce the energy that is used to drive these parts thus, and then reduces the energy that is used to drive whole system.Therefore, but the heat of the waste gas of percolation first flow region is particularly useful for heating storage unit, reformer or reactor and/or plasma generator.Especially when adsorbing on storage unit, (second flow region) is formed on position 32.1) on be favourable.

Preferably the provided upstream at plasma generator is equipped with the gas input device that comprises the gas of oxygen and/or nitrogen in particular for input on preferred axial flow direction.

Here, gas input device not only can be formed in first flow region, and the flow region that can be formed on the exhaust-gas treatment unit is not as yet each other in the phase divided portion.Owing to there partition wall is not set yet, such zone for example can form in the upstream.

For example can import ambient air as the oxygen containing gas of bag.This also has such advantage,, molecule (attitude) nitrogen is inputed to system that is, and the nitrogen of described molecular state can be used to form nitric oxide in an identical manner.At this, in principle can be for example by compressor input air under certain pressure.

Preferred on preferred axial flow direction, be formed with the 3rd a shared flow region at least in the downstream of first flow region and second flow region.In the 3rd flow region, two air-flows that form by partition wall can conflux after percolation is crossed corresponding flow region and mixing especially there once more.In this zone, when being used for when the nitric oxide production plasma generator of second flow region generation is worked, forming being enriched with nitric oxide production total waste gas stream, this total waste gas stream comprises that two branch waste gas that pass these two flow regions that flow flow.Also can be incorporated in first flow region in downstream of plasma generator, before these two air-flows converge, guarantee the nitric oxide reduction ammonification by will be for example corresponding catalyst (device)--for example on catalyst carrier--.

Preferably the downstream configuration at plasma generator has one first honeycomb on preferred axial flow direction, and this first honeycomb has the reducing catalyst coating that is used for oxygen reduction.

This first honeycomb is particularly useful for removing residue oxygen from waste gas stream.Especially when by the gas input device input air, this residue oxygen content will be high.Especially for example especially carrier coating (Washcoat) is as the first reducing catalyst coating to use ceramic coating material, and introducing contains the component that for example comprises platinum and/or palladium of noble metal in this coating.

Preferably the downstream configuration at plasma generator has one second honeycomb on preferred axial flow direction, and this second honeycomb has and is used for nitrogen oxide is reduced the second reducing catalyst coating of ammonification.The second reducing catalyst coating especially comprises platinum and/or palladium as active component, especially only has rhodium seldom in this coating, does not preferably conform to rhodium basically.

Therefore, these two flow regions can provide compact on-board ammonia generator, and this ammonia generator especially also can be used in the gas extraction system of internal combustion engine under mobile application scenario.The ammonia that can produce like this can be in the downstream as the reducing agent in the process of catalyzing and reducing nitrogen oxides (SCR, Selective CatalyticReduction) optionally.Therefore, especially under mobile application scenario, can cancel and be formed for for example being used for the casing of ammonia precursor (for example urea, isocyanic acid, cyanuric acid, aminoquinoxaline) with solution or the reducing agent that exists as solid.

By correspondingly designing the second reducing catalyst coating of second honeycomb, but also other reaction of catalysis produces other reducing agents for example isocyanic acid or cyanuric acid rather than produce ammonia by described these reactions.According to the present invention, also can adopt such reducing agent and the corresponding second reducing catalyst coating.The second reducing catalyst coating especially comprise noble metal for example platinum as catalyst.The second reducing catalyst coating especially comprises the zeolite of the vanadium/tungsten composite oxides that carry titanium dioxide (anatase) or metal exchange, as the zeolite of X, Y, ZSM-5 or ZSM-11 type especially.

Preferably between the plasma generator and second honeycomb, be configured with the reducing agent input unit that is used to import reducing agent on the flow direction.Be used to reduce especially still first honeycomb of the oxygen of existence if also be formed with, then the reducing agent input unit preferably is arranged between first honeycomb and second honeycomb.

Especially hydrocarbon is as being used for the reducing agent of nitric oxide reduction ammonification has been obtained checking.Described hydrocarbon can obtain from the fuel of internal combustion engine with simple mode.Therefore for example the fuel of internal combustion engine, especially diesel fuel can be passed through the reducing agent input unit directly in the injected upstream of second honeycomb flows to waste gas.The reducing agent input unit especially is configured to nozzle.Especially like this construct the reducing agent input unit, make on flow cross section, to obtain reductant concentration as far as possible uniformly.Especially the form injection reduction agent with droplet is proved to be suitable.

Preferably in shared flow region, be configured with blender, especially mixer structure.

Mixer structure for example can be made of honeycomb, and this honeycomb has through hole between each passage, and waste gas can extend substantially transversely to flow direction ground at least in part and flow and pass these through holes.Waste gas stream takes place fully to mix thus., especially preferably form guide structure here in conduit wall, these guide structures are to the opening direct exhaust between passage.

Preferably the downstream configuration at second honeycomb has the 3rd honeycomb with SCR catalyst coat on flow direction.

This SCR catalyst coat is the coating that comprises catalyst, the selective catalytic reduction reaction of this catalyst nitrogen oxide.The SCR catalyst coat especially comprises the vanadium/tungsten composite oxides that carry titanium dioxide (anatase) or the zeolite that also can comprise metal exchange, as the zeolite of X, Y, ZSM-5 or ZSM-11 type especially.

Therefore, when work, because the ammonia content that forms in second honeycomb can be catalysed and reduced into dinitrogen with nitrous oxides selectivity.Effectively reduce the nitrogen oxides emissions of internal combustion engine thus.

In this case, if between second honeycomb and the 3rd honeycomb, be configured with the device that is used for temporary transient storage and reduction agent, then be particularly advantageous.

The device of the reducing agent that the described device that is used for temporary transient storage and reduction agent forms in particular for the process steps that temporarily is stored in the front.Device in particular for temporary transient storage of ammonia.But also can correspondingly store other reducing agent for example isocyanic acid or cyanuric acid.

The device that is configured to temporary transient storage makes certain reducing agent deposit can temporarily be provided, and when needs reduce the concentration that rises very consumingly very fast of nitrogen oxide, uses this reducing agent deposit.In order to eliminate the possible inertia of the system that is used to produce reducing agent, a certain amount of reducing agent temporarily is provided is favourable being used for the temporary transient device that stores at this.This device refers in particular to the honeycomb that is provided with coating, and these honeycombs are especially by the zeolite coated with certain zeolite, for example A, X, Y or ZSM-5 type.

Particularly advantageous at this is to be configured with regulating loop, determines the concentration of nitrogen oxides of exhaust gas on the one hand directly or indirectly by this regulating loop, and in addition, this regulating loop also detects the amount that is used for the stored reducing agent of the temporary transient device that stores.Especially regulate NO production in the plasma generator at this, for example by connecting and close plasma generator, change current strength and/or power frequency or changing gas componant--for example by importing or change the amount of oxygen-containing gas.At this, predictably attempted in some way inferring that nitrogen oxide then is particularly advantageous at the content in a certain moment in future in the engine exhaust gas if should regulate.This for example can realize like this, that is, except nitrous oxides concentration also by means of the rising of memory module and differentiator observation nitrogen concentration.Therefore, can infer nitrous oxides concentration in the future and also can estimate the amount of required reducing agent thus in simple mode.Estimate according to this, just can carry out the generation of nitrogen oxide and then carry out the generation of ammonia.

In this case, be configured with guiding device particularly preferably in the upstream at common wall on the flow direction between first flow region and second flow region, described guiding device makes can determine waste gas shunting content mobile in first flow region.

By forming partition wall itself, make the waste gas flow distribution give first flow region and second flow region in principle.Under this situation, one first how much waste gas flow in first flow region, and one second how much waste gas flow in second flow region.Decide on connecting, may require, first waste gas shunting of percolation first flow region must be greater than or less than first how much waste gas shuntings.For example advantageously, only the very little mass flow of guiding is passed through first flow region, and the big relatively mass flow of guiding is passed through second flow region.If the locational requirement owing to for example plasma generator or reformer/reactor makes first how much waste gas shuntings greater than required waste gas shunting in this case, then may require, construct the device that makes the waste gas shunting minimizing that flow in first flow region in the stream zone the meeting of front portion of wall.This for example can be contraction flow region or movable valve in this zone, and this valve makes that waste gas shunting content is variable.Preferred also structure guides basically, and all-mass flows the guiding device that passes through second flow region.Must guarantee that in this case the working gas that inputs to plasma generator also comprises enough nitrogen except oxygen.For example can use air as working gas at this.

Guiding device is irrelevant with being provided with, and first flow region also can be configured to seal basically at approaching side.This especially means do not have waste gas can flow in first flow region basically.In this case preferably, design first flow region like this, make be used for plasma generator working gas for example air can flow into first flow region and waste gas by contacting heating work gas with shared wall.

Advantageously, the working gas with reformer/reactor and/or plasma generator heats in advance.This can carry out by resistive heating device or by the heat of introducing waste gas.Favourable in addition can be, cools off by adding air when flowing into desorption temperature when surpassing chemisorbed or physical absorption of gas in described at least one storage unit.

The form of implementation of described in this application first flow region and second flow region also can advantageously irrespectively, promptly realize and meet the present invention individually with other configuration of described equipment.

The blender preferable configuration is at least one following position:

39.1) on the intersection of the first looped pipeline road in the main line;

39.2) in the upstream of particle separator; Or

39.3) on the intersection of the second looped pipeline road in the first looped pipeline road.

At this, described at least one blender can be configured to active mixer and/or passive blender.Passive mixer instance is as comprising aforesaid mixer structure.In addition, particle separator also can comprise a passive blender, causes that promptly the air-flow of this particle separator of percolation mixes, especially laterally mixes.Active mixer refers in particular to turbine or turbocharger.In addition, blender can be configured to turbine mixer.

The mixing of air-flow, for example contain the air-flow of ammonia and mixing preferably and can being undertaken of main waste gas stream by active mixer, for example turbocharger.Can tangentially mix air-flow to be mixed in addition.Can be configured with such blender in addition, this mixer instance is as having honeycomb ceramics, and this honeycomb ceramics has passage and the hole or the hole of first length of the cycle, and these holes or hole have the size bigger than described length of the cycle.In addition, conduit wall can have through hole, and these through holes have and are significantly less than the size that air-flow is directed to the length of the cycle of structure in the adjacency channel or guide structure.

Favourable in addition can be that the air-flow that guiding contains ammonia also passes particle separator.The air-flow that contains ammonia especially can have a positive effect to the regeneration of particle separator.Particle separator also can advantageously make the air-flow that contains ammonia mix with main waste gas stream in this case.Can select such structure of described equipment in this case, the first looped pipeline road feeds in the primary exhaust conduit in the upstream of particle separator and SCR catalyst converter in this structure.

Also such improvement configuration of preferred described equipment is configured with guiding device in this improvement configuration, and these guiding devices can be regulated waste gas stream content or the air-flow content that flows in the first looped pipeline road.These guiding devices can comprise throttle (Klappe) and/or valve.

Have only when described at least one storage unit that is configured in the plasma generator downstream be in can the duty of nitric oxide adsorption in the time, just advantageously carry out nitric oxide production enrichment at cold-start phase.Especially be exactly this situation for the storage unit that carries out chemisorbed when the about temperature more than 200 ℃.

Can in series construct a plurality of storage units in principle, additionally can be at reduction apparatus of downstream configuration, the reaction of catalyst nox, preferred nitric oxide reduction ammonification on this reduction apparatus.Can construct for example two storage units according to the present invention, one of them storage unit is based on physical absorption, and another is based on chemisorbed.

Preferably have only ammonia just is provided when the SCR catalyst converter has reached its operating temperature that is higher than start-up temperature (" stopping working " temperature).This SCR catalyst converter preferably has such coating, but in this coating storage of ammonia.Stored ammonia can be used as buffer to reduce the nitrogen oxide peak value that occurs in the waste gas.

Preferably can design described method like this, promptly, when work based on the upstream of the storage unit of chemisorbed or in this storage unit, carry out positive heat transmission, so that this storage unit is remained on more than such limiting temperature, carry out with very big degree from the corresponding reaction of this limiting temperature.Preferably can design described method like this, that is, when work based on the upstream of the storage unit of physical absorption or the heat transmission of in this storage unit, bearing, so that this storage unit is remained on it below desorption temperature.

Preferably can be configured with air input unit such as air blast or compressor, this air input unit is supplied air to plasma generator, as at least a portion of the working gas of this plasma generator.

The preferably temperature and/or the concentration of the module monitors air-flow of supporting with computer, in this module by the data on other aspect for example at least one measuring transducer or calculate described system from the input data of engine management system.

The preferred such configuration of described equipment that adopts, SCR catalyst converter and particle separator constitute a unit in this configuration.Particularly preferably be at this, identical surface not only is used for separating particles and/or gathers particle, and is used for catalysis SCR process.

Particle separator and SCR catalyst converter connect into a unit and have advantageously realized compact structure according to equipment of the present invention.By using a surface not only to be used for separating particles but also being used for SCR catalysis, can realize the more compact structure of this unit.

In addition, preferably, construct the SCR catalyst converter like this, make especially in this SCR catalyst converter, to store first reducing agent of measuring, preferred ammonia by the coating that correspondingly designs the SCR catalyst converter.

In addition, preferably according to this configuration of equipment of the present invention, described at least one turbine of structure and the first looped pipeline road branch out from primary exhaust conduit in the upstream of described turbine in primary exhaust conduit in this configuration.Particularly preferably be at this, the downstream of first a looped pipeline Lu Zaiyi turbine is led in the main line.The pressure that is produced by turbine falls and can be advantageously used in weight feed and flow into gas flow in the first looped pipeline road, for example by means of leaf valve.At this, turbine refers in particular to turbocharger.If in described system, be configured with two or more especially turbocharger of series connection, then can advantageously carry out described crossing in the downstream or the upstream of another turbocharger.

In addition preferably, be configured with the device that is used for adjusting the gas flow that flows into the first looped pipeline road and/or the second looped pipeline road.These devices especially comprise leaf valve and/or movable valve.Therefore can advantageously mate and regulate the condition of work that is configured in the ammonia generator in the first looped pipeline road.

In addition preferably, the working gas that can take out from egr conduit at least in part is provided for reformer and/or reactor.

Preferred in addition such equipment, in this equipment, promptly especially ammonia generator, particle separator and SCR catalyst converter all are configured in the common housing all parts of this equipment.This can advantageously realize being connected with the simple of gas extraction system, so this equipment can be used as " black box " and especially also is used for replenishing the equipment gas extraction system.

Another aspect according to design of the present invention, a kind of method that is used to handle waste gas has been proposed, in the method, separate particle in the waste gas at least in part by particle separator, and in the SCR catalyst converter, reduce nitrogen oxides from exhaust gas at least in part, wherein, in primary exhaust conduit, carry out the separation of particle, produce ammonia in the first looped pipeline road, the ammonia that is produced inputs to the SCR catalyst converter as reducing agent.

This preferably in the first looped pipeline road by at least a at room temperature be that the starting material of gaseous state produces ammonia.Preferably produce ammonia in addition by the nitrogenous source that at room temperature is gaseous state.Especially air and/or waste gas can be used as nitrogenous source.

According to one of the inventive method favourable form of implementation, the first looped pipeline road and primary exhaust conduit are converged like this, but make the air-flow percolation that contains ammonia that produces in the first looped pipeline road cross particle separator.

Another favourable form of implementation according to the inventive method is formed with at least one electric field in particle separator, described electric field satisfies at least one following function:

58.1) gather particle;

58.2) separating particles; Or

58.3) particle separator is regenerated.

At this, according to 58.1) gather and be meant particle aggregation on particle, form particle thus with big average diameter.This gathers especially can be by applying DC voltage or low-frequency ac voltage carries out.Here, 58.2) separation on the meaning is meant from waste gas diffluence particle-removing.Here, 58.3) be meant by means of electric field removal particle.

According to another favourable form of implementation of the inventive method, particle separator has the regeneration possibility that is used to make particle separator regeneration.Particularly preferably be at this, the regeneration possibility is based at least one following effects mechanism:

60.1) provide nitrogen dioxide in the upstream of at least a portion of particle separator;

60.2) temperature of particle separator is brought up to more than the limiting temperature;

60.3) provide oxidant in the upstream of at least a portion of particle separator; Or

60.4) regenerate by discharge.

The regeneration of particle separator refers in particular to and remove isolated particle from particle separator.The regeneration possibility be meant particle separator can reclaim/regenerate the particle preserving and/or gather, promptly from particle separator and/or the particle-removing that gets on.This regeneration possibility especially can be designed to hot mode and/or chemical mode.

If particle separator has according to 60.2) the regeneration possibility of hot mode, then can be provided with the device that particle separator can be heated to more than such temperature, when this temperature, carry out the oxidation of the carbon of particle, preferably also with waste gas in remaining oxygen content generation oxidation.Particle separator can comprise the catalytically-active materials of this kinds of oxidation reaction of catalysis.The regeneration of hot mode can realize by the raising of EGT and/or by additional heater.

If particle separator has according to 60.1) and/or 60.2) the regeneration possibility of chemical mode, then have the possibility that realizes reducing particle by chemical reaction.This for example can generate nitric oxide and carbon dioxide is realized by the reaction of carbon and nitrogen dioxide.Another regeneration possibility is the CRT method, and the content of nitrogen dioxide that is configured with in this possibility in the waste gas that guarantees as far as possible continuously in particle separator is enough big so that transform the device of carbon granule continuously.Based on according to 60.4) the regeneration possibility of discharge for example based on surface-discharge.

According to another favourable form of implementation of the inventive method, produce nitric oxide and then its reduction ammonification is produced ammonia by plasma support ground.

Producing by plasma aspect the nitric oxide with reference to DE 10258185A1, with regard to this respect, the disclosure of the document is brought the application's open scope into.

First working gas of nitrogen and oxygen comes work with comprising at least at this preferred plasma generator.Here, especially air and/or waste gas can be used as working gas.

Preferred in addition such method, ammonia generator preferably includes at least one storage unit in the method, store nitrogen oxides reversibly in described storage unit.

By store nitrogen oxides reversibly two gas pipings can be set, these two gas pipings can be connected with plasma generator, store nitrogen oxides in a gas piping correspondingly thus, liberating nitrogen oxide in another gas piping, these nitrogen oxide can be reduced ammonification then.The preferred storage unit that comprises honeycomb ceramics that adopts, this honeycomb ceramics has the storage and reduction coating, and nitrite and/or nitrate chemisorbed are in these storage and reduction coatings.

Preferred in addition such method is configured with at least two storage units in the method, wherein, preserves nitrogen oxide at least one storage unit, and discharge stored nitrogen oxide from least one storage unit.In addition, preferred in this case such method is alternately preserved and the liberating nitrogen oxide in each storage unit in the method.

The preferred this method of implementing like this, in the method, the storage of nitrogen oxide is based on physical absorption and/or chemisorbed.

In addition, preferred such method, the storage of nitrogen oxide and release are carried out according to the process variable of at least one physics and/or chemistry in the method.Described in this case at least one process variable preferably includes at least one following parameter especially:

69.1) temperature of waste gas;

69.2) temperature of storage unit; Or

69.3) component concentrations of the gas of percolation storage unit.

Preferred especially in this case such method is in the method, according to 69.3) process variable comprise the concentration of at least a following substances:

70.1) hydrogen; Or

70.2) hydrocarbon.

Preferably provide material 70.1 at this by reformer and/or reactor), especially the partial oxidation by hydrocarbon generates material 70.1).In this reformer and/or reactor preferable configuration in one second looped pipeline road.

If the second looped pipeline road feeds in the first looped pipeline road in the upstream of storage unit, then be particularly advantageous.The second looped pipeline road is preferred, especially in the upstream of reformer and/or reactor, can heat, especially the waste heat by waste gas.Also directly heated reformate device and/or reactor according to the present invention.Except or the waste heat that is additional to by waste gas heat, resistive heating device is for example passed through in the also heating that can add.Supply with hydrocarbon and possible in case of necessity air as working gas can for the second looped pipeline road.

Preferably under the temperature that is starkly lower than first limiting temperature, carry out the storage of nitrogen oxide based on physical absorption.

Preferred in addition such method in the method, is being carried out the storage of nitrogen oxide based on chemisorbed under the temperature of second limiting temperature.

In this case, preferred:

76.1) be configured with a storage unit, on this storage unit or in this storage unit, carry out the reversible storage of nitrogen oxide basically by physical absorption and chemisorbed; Or

76.2) be configured with at least two storage units, wherein, on at least one described storage unit or at least one described storage unit, carry out the reversible storage of nitrogen oxide basically by physical absorption, and at least one other storage unit or at least one other storage unit, carry out the reversible storage of nitrogen oxide basically by chemisorbed

Wherein, design described at least one storage unit like this, make the limiting temperature of winning obviously greater than second limiting temperature.

In possibility 76.1) in, honeycomb ceramics can comprise corresponding coating, this coating for example comprises zeolite or is used for the similar molecular sieve of physical absorption, correspondingly designs this honeycomb ceramics like this, makes alternately or cumulatively to carry out chemisorbed.

Preferred in addition such method, in the method, on described at least one storage unit, there is reservoir temperature, in at least one reformer, there is the reformer temperature, in waste gas, there is EGT, wherein, the heat transmission of carrying out positive heat transmission or from least one following parts, bearing can be from waste gas at least one following parts:

77.1) at least one storage unit; Or

77.2) at least one reformer or reactor,

Wherein, at least one following condition is satisfied in the heat transmission:

77.1a) regulate like this and/or control to or from the heat transmission of the storage unit that mainly carries out physical absorption, make reservoir temperature remain essentially in below first limiting temperature;

77.1b) regulate like this and/or control to or from the heat transmission of the storage unit that mainly carries out chemisorbed, make reservoir temperature remain essentially in more than second limiting temperature and more than the 3rd limiting temperature, in the above nox desorption of the 3rd limiting temperature;

77.2a) regulate like this and/or control to or from the heat transmission of reactor, make temperature of reactor in such scope, produce hydrogeneous gas at this scope internal reaction device.

According to one of the described method preferred configuration that improves, when at least one is higher than second limiting temperature based on the reservoir temperature of the storage unit of chemisorbed at least in part, just pass through plasma generator enrichment nitric oxide.

Preferred in addition such method, in the method, when the reservoir temperature of the storage unit that is based in part on chemisorbed is lower than second limiting temperature, the mass flow that is used for first working gas of plasma generator be equivalent to basically can be given in advance first value, and when reservoir temperature was higher than second limiting temperature, described mass flow was higher than given in advance second value bigger than first value given in advance.

Preferred in principle such method, in the method, said temperature is determined by the module of computer support at least in part.

Especially in this case also especially preferably detect at least one temperature by sensor.

According to another favourable form of implementation of the inventive method, according to the NO in the waste gas _xThe production of ammonia is regulated and/or controlled to concentration and/or ammonia concentration.Under this meaning, especially preferably detect the NO of waste gas by sensor _xContent and/or ammonia content.

At this,, obtain NO by described another concentration then by detect another concentration with sensor _xConcentration and/or ammonia concentration like this, especially also can be determined the NO of waste gas indirectly _xContent and/or ammonia content.In addition, also can in gas extraction system, construct a plurality of sensors.

According to another favourable form of implementation of the inventive method, determine NO by the service data of internal combustion engine _xConcentration.

Especially can infer NO in the waste gas by the engine combined characteristic _xConcentration.Can advantageously come adaptive/adjustment NO by means of measured value _xConcentration value.

Preferred especially such method scheme in this method scheme, is configured with at least one turbine and the first looped pipeline road branches out from primary exhaust conduit in the upstream of described turbine in primary exhaust conduit.In addition, the first looped pipeline road preferably feeds in the primary exhaust conduit in the downstream of a turbine.

In this case, the pressure that produces by turbine falls and can be advantageously used in the working air current of adjusting in the first looped pipeline road.Especially can be configured with the device that is used to adjust working air current, for example leaf valve or similar device.

Advantageously regulate and/or control the gas flow that flows in the first looped pipeline road and/or the second looped pipeline road, preferably by leaf valve and/or movable valve.

This improved form of preferred this method supplies with the working gas that can take out at least in part in the method reformer and/or reactor from egr conduit.

Especially egr conduit can be connected with one second looped pipeline road by corresponding guiding device, is configured with reformer and/or reactor in this second looped pipeline road.Can advantageously control and/or regulate the gas mass flow that flows through the second looped pipeline road by described guiding device.

Also be preferably reformer and/or reactor and/or plasma generator especially and supply with pre-heated working gas.

Described heating in advance especially can be carried out by electric heater unit and/or by the waste heat that utilizes waste gas.

Can be diverted to the method according to this invention in a like fashion at the disclosed details of equipment according to the present invention.Especially can directly be diverted to the method according to this invention to the explanation of employed parts such as plasma generator, ammonia generator, SCR catalyst converter, honeycomb ceramics etc.

Description of drawings

The present invention will be described by means of accompanying drawing below, and the present invention should not be confined to the embodiment shown in the accompanying drawing.Wherein:

Fig. 1 schematically shows as first embodiment according to the exhaust-gas treatment unit of the part of equipment of the present invention with longitudinal sectional view;

Fig. 2 schematically shows as second embodiment according to the exhaust-gas treatment unit of the part of equipment of the present invention with longitudinal sectional view;

Fig. 3 schematically shows first embodiment of gas extraction system;

Fig. 4 schematically shows second embodiment of gas extraction system;

Fig. 5 schematically shows the cross section of conduct according to the exhaust-gas treatment unit of the part of equipment of the present invention;

Fig. 6 schematically shows first embodiment according to equipment of the present invention;

Fig. 7 schematically shows second embodiment according to equipment of the present invention;

Fig. 8 schematically shows first example of particle separator;

Fig. 9 schematically shows second example of particle separator;

Figure 10 schematically shows the 3rd embodiment according to equipment of the present invention;

Figure 11 schematically shows an example of ammonia generator; And

Figure 12 schematically shows an example of particle separator.

The specific embodiment

Fig. 1 schematically shows first embodiment of exhaust-gas treatment unit 1 with longitudinal sectional view, this exhaust-gas treatment unit can be the part according to equipment of the present invention, but this exhaust-gas treatment unit can advantageously not realized under the situation according to the remaining part of equipment of the present invention yet.Exhaust-gas treatment unit 1 comprises first flow region 3 and second flow region 2, and these flow regions can be separated by percolation and by partition wall 4 basically each other abreast each other.In second flow region 2, be configured with plasma generator 5.Second flow region 2 is the parts on the first looped pipeline road 105, and first flow region 3 is parts of primary exhaust conduit 104.Alternately/optionally or second flow region 2 that adds up be configured with under the situation of reactor 133 and/or reformer 111, second flow region 2 can be the part on the second looped pipeline road 110.

In the present embodiment, in second flow region 2, be configured with the plasma generator 5 that especially designs according to the mode shown in the DE 10258185A1.This plasma generator comprises first electrode 6 and second electrode 7.Second electrode 7 is designed to funnel-form around plasma channel 8.When electrode 6,7 is loaded high voltage, in plasma channel 8, produce plasma, this high voltage can be arranged to DC voltage or alternating voltage.This plasma causes the gas temperature that is higher than 2500 Kelvins in short time, makes nitrogen and oxygen change into nitric oxide by means of this plasma with strengthening.The electric current supply is undertaken by termination 9.

Fig. 2 schematically shows second embodiment of the exhaust-gas treatment unit 1 with first flow region 3 and second flow region 2, and this exhaust-gas treatment unit especially can be a part that is used to handle the equipment of waste gas according to of the present invention.When using exhaust-gas treatment unit 1 in the gas extraction system of internal combustion engine 100, waste gas stream 10 is along flow direction 11 percolation exhaust-gas treatment unit 1.By separating the partition wall 4 of flow region 2,3, waste gas stream 10 is divided into first waste gas shunting, 12 and second waste gas shunting 13.In first waste gas shunting 12 of passing second flow region 2 of flowing, carry out nitric oxide production enrichment by means of plasma generator 5.Before in plasma generator 5, carrying out enrichment, can be by means of the oxygen containing and nitrogenous in case of necessity gas of gas input device 14 inputs.At this especially can be air.Because oxygen containing gas contacts with shared wall 4, by oxygen containing gas being heated in advance at the mobile waste gas of the opposite side of shared wall 4.Not only waste gas but also air comprise enough nitrogen (N ₂), this nitrogen is available for being oxidized to nitrogen oxide (NO _x), preferred oxygen changes into nitric oxide (NO).In second embodiment of exhaust-gas treatment unit 1, after the nitric oxide enrichment in first waste gas shunting 12, reduction still is included in the oxygen in first waste gas shunting 12 in having first honeycomb 15 of the first reducing catalyst coating.But first honeycomb 15 on flow direction 11 for waste gas be percolation and especially have cavity or a passage that runs through first honeycomb 15 accordingly.All honeycombs disclosed herein are the same with other especially can be configured to ceramic monolith or constructed by the metal level that forms (convex-concave) structure to small part for first honeycomb 15.On flow direction 11, second honeycomb 16 is arranged in first honeycomb, 15 downstream configuration.Second honeycomb 16 has the second reducing catalyst coating that is used to make the nitric oxide reduction ammonification.Thus, on flow direction 11, there is first waste gas stream 12 that contains ammonia in the downstream of second honeycomb 16.

By the end that on flow direction 11, is in the downstream of partition wall 14, form the 3rd shared flow region 17 in the downstream of this end, first waste gas shunting, 12 and second waste gas shunting 13 converges once more in the 3rd flow region.On flow direction 11, reducing agent input unit 18 is arranged in the upstream configuration of second honeycomb 16.Can import reducing agent in second honeycomb 16 that the nitric oxide reduction ammonification is required by this reducing agent input unit 18.Here, especially can import the fuel of hydrocarbon, for example internal combustion engine as reducing agent.

Fig. 3 schematically shows gas extraction system 19.The waste gas of internal combustion engine 20 flows 10 percolation gas extraction system 19.Partition wall 14 separates first flow region 3 and second flow region 2.Here, waste gas stream 10 is divided into first waste gas shunting, 12 and second waste gas shunting 13, these waste gas shunting percolation second flow region 2 and first flow regions 3.The shunting 12 of first waste gas is through plasma generator 5, and the content of nitric oxide in this plasma generator in first waste gas shunting 12 increases.After leaving plasma generator 5, first waste gas is shunted 12 percolations, second honeycomb 16, and nitric oxide is reduced ammonification in this second honeycomb.Add the fuel of hydrocarbon-containiproducts or hydrogeneous reducing agent, especially internal combustion engine by reducing agent input unit 18 for this reason.After leaving first flow region 3, first waste gas shunting 12 that contains ammonia now mixes with second waste gas shunting 13 of having passed through first flow region 3 in the 3rd shared flow region 17.Mixer structure 21 helps the mixing of these two waste gas shuntings 12,13, carries out the abundant mixing of these two waste gas shuntings 12,13 in this mixer structure.Mixer structure 21 can be constructed like this by the corresponding metal paper tinsel, makes the lateral flow that can extend substantially transversely to flow direction 11 on the one hand to form the flow-guiding structure that forces or promote lateral flow on the other hand.

After leaving mixer structure 21, waste gas stream then flows in the 3rd honeycomb 22.The 3rd honeycomb 22 is provided with the 3rd reducing catalyst coating, and the 3rd reducing catalyst coating catalysis is the selective catalytic reduction reaction of the nitrogen oxide of reducing agent with ammonia.Therefore, the 3rd honeycomb 22 leaves the waste gas stream 23 that purified, and the amount of nitrogen oxides of this waste gas stream is compared at least significantly with the amount of nitrogen oxides of waste gas stream 10 and reduced.

Fig. 4 schematically shows second embodiment of gas extraction system with longitudinal sectional view.In gas extraction system 19, in second flow region 2, at first be provided with plasma generator 5.Downstream on flow direction 11 is provided with in the downstream of plasma generator 5 that be used for reducing sometimes may be at minute first honeycomb 15 of the residue oxygen that waste gas stream still exists.In addition, be provided with second honeycomb 16, the nitric oxide reduction ammonification that in this second honeycomb, will in plasma generator 5, produce in the downstream.In addition, be useful on the device 24 of temporary transient storage and reduction agent in downstream configuration.This reducing agent especially can be the ammonia that forms in second honeycomb 16.The device 24 that is used for temporary transient storage and reduction agent make can in the time of reducing agent surplus, preserve a part of reducing agent and when needing afterwards again with its release.This for example can be by carrying out based on the process of chemisorbed or physical absorption, and this process is undertaken by reversing again by the input heat where necessary.

Plasma generator 5 is connected with control device 25, supplies electric current by described control device to plasma generator.In addition, gas extraction system 19 has guiding device 26, and described guiding device is being arranged between first flow region 3 and second flow region 2 in partition wall 4 upstreams on the flow direction 11.Described guiding device 26 is the same valve that for example can be configured to deflector or be configured to swing of other guiding device disclosed herein with all, and this valve also can change the distribution that waste gas is diverted to first flow region 3 and second flow region 2 during operation.The movement of guiding device 26 shows by arrow.

Fig. 5 schematically shows the cross section of exhaust-gas treatment unit 1 in the zone that is provided with first flow region 3 and second flow region 2.These flow regions by partition wall 4 separately.Therefore, the gas of relatively hot that especially can be by percolation first flow region 3 heats the cold relatively gas of percolation second flow region 2.At this, preferably the waste gas of percolation first flow region 3 by internal combustion engine 20 heats the working gas of the plasma generator 5 that is used for second flow region 2.Especially also can comprise so-called " two D pipe " according to exhaust-gas treatment of the present invention unit 1, this pair D pipe for example is made of two pipes that are configured as D shape, and these pipes that are configured as D shape remain in the shared tubular outer pipe sometimes.

The exhaust mass stream or the gas mass flow of percolation second flow region 2 preferably flow less than the exhaust mass of percolation first flow region 3.

Exhaust-gas treatment unit 1 can advantageously allow to realize plasma generator 5 compact structures, and this plasma generator is only worked in a shunting of the gas of percolation exhaust-gas treatment unit.Particularly advantageously be in the scope of the system of the nitrogen oxides emissions reduction that is used to make internal combustion engine 20 or method, in gas extraction system 19, to use exhaust-gas treatment unit 1 with plasma generator 5.Because plasma generator 5 compact conformations, so the system that this plasma generator is particluarly suitable for moving for example uses in the gas extraction system 19 of motor vehicle, especially passenger car and load-carrying vehicle.

In Fig. 1 to Fig. 5 and the exhaust-gas treatment unit of in other appropriate section of the present invention, describing also can be not used in individually under the situation of remainder of equipment of exhaust after-treatment and realizing.

Fig. 6 schematically shows first embodiment according to the equipment of the waste gas that is used to handle internal combustion engine 100 of the present invention, and this equipment comprises particle separator 101, is used for selective catalyst reduction of nitrogen oxides (NO _x) SCR catalyst converter 102 and ammonia generator 103, wherein, the ammonia of vehicle-mounted generation is used at SCR catalyst converter selective catalyst reduction of nitrogen oxides as the selective reduction agent in ammonia generator.According to the present invention, particle separator 101 is configured in the primary exhaust conduit 104, and ammonia generator 103 is configured in the first looped pipeline road 105.The first looped pipeline road 105 is led in the primary exhaust conduit 104 at intersection 106 places.In first embodiment, intersection 106 is configured in the upstream of SCR catalyst converter 102.

Upstream configuration at ammonia generator 103 is useful on the device 107 that at least a working gas is provided for ammonia generator 103.Described device 107 also can be included in the ammonia generator 103.Device 107 especially comprises at least one following apparatus:

A) device of the working air current that is used to provide nitrogenous;

The device of the reducing agent stream that b) is used to provide hydrogeneous;

C) be used to provide the device of oxygen containing working air current.

For possibility a) and c) can be provided for importing the device of the waste gas of waste gas, air and/or recirculation.Device b) can comprise reformer, this reformer produces hydrogeneous working gas by means of the starting material (Edukt) of partly oxidation hydrocarbon-containiproducts.

First oxidation catalyzer 108 can be constructed in SCR catalyst converter 102 downstreams, on this oxidation catalyzer, the ammonia of SCR catalyst converter 102 may be seen through or hydrocarbon is oxidized and therefore be not released in the surrounding environment.

Fig. 7 schematically shows second embodiment according to the equipment of the waste gas that is used to handle internal combustion engine 100 of the present invention.In primary exhaust conduit 104, be configured with particle separator 101, SCR catalyst converter 102 and first oxidation catalyzer 108 that is connected with this SCR catalyst converter in SCR catalyst converter 102 downstreams.The SCR catalyst converter 102 and first oxidation catalyzer 108 especially can be configured on the unique honeycomb ceramics.

In the first looped pipeline road 105, be configured with the ammonia generator 103 that comprises plasma generator 114.Give this ammonia generator supply air as working gas by compressor 109.In addition, be configured with the second looped pipeline road 110 in a second embodiment, this second looped pipeline road comprises reformer 111.This reformer is connected with fuel tank 112, gives reformer 111 supply hydrocarbons from this fuel tank.In addition, the waste gas of giving the oxygen containing gas of reformer 111 supplies, for example air or from egr conduit, taking out.Carry out the partial oxidation of hydrocarbon in reformer 111, form hydrogeneous synthetic air and/or cracked gas stream thus, described synthetic air and/or cracked gas stream can be input in the first looped pipeline road 105 by second intersection 113.

Plasma generator 114 produce nitrogen-containing oxides, preferably contain nitric oxide production air-flow, this air-flow temporarily is stored in storage/reduction element 115.Here chemisorbed preferably, in this chemisorbed, nitrogen oxide is stored with the form of nitrate and/or nitrite.At this, nitrite and nitrate can generate ammonia by means of H-H reaction.The air-flow that contains ammonia leaves storage/reduction element 115 then, and this air-flow that contains ammonia is percolation particle separator 101, after this percolation SCR catalyst converter 102 at first.In SCR catalyst converter 102, ammonia causes the selective reduction of nitrogen oxide as reducing agent, and in particle separator 101, this ammonia can be used as the inhibitor (Inhibitor) that is used to make particulate filter regeneration and uses.

Fig. 8 schematically shows a part according to equipment of the present invention.In primary exhaust conduit 104, be configured with particle separator 101.This particle separator comprises and is used to produce the regeneration possibility of the device 116 of surface-discharge as particle separator 101.

Fig. 9 schematically shows a part according to equipment of the present invention.In primary exhaust conduit 104, be configured with particle separator 101.In the upstream, promptly on the direction of internal combustion engine 100, be configured with second oxidation catalyzer 117.This oxidation catalyzer not only can be used as the device that makes particle separator 101 heat regeneration but also can be used as the device that makes this particle separator chemical regeneration.In chemical regeneration possibility 10.1) and/or 10.3 situation under, second oxidation catalyzer 117 can be used for making oxidation of nitric oxide to become nitrogen dioxide, this nitrogen dioxide especially can be used as the regenerative agent of particle separator in the scope of CRT method.Heat regeneration possibility 10.2 at particle separator 101) under the situation, can hydrocarbon be applied on second oxidation catalyzer 117 by input channel 118, these hydrocarbons are transformed and are made owing to the exothermic oxidation of hydrocarbon the air-flow heating of percolation particle separator 101 there.Second oxidation catalyzer 117 especially also can be the part of particle separator 101.Particle separator 101 especially also can be equipped with interchangeable or additional resistive heating device or for example its air inlet side, promptly in the zone of internal combustion engine 100, comprise heatable dish.

Figure 10 schematically shows the 3rd embodiment according to the equipment of the waste gas that is used to handle internal combustion engine 100 of the present invention.This gas extraction system comprises the primary exhaust conduit 104 and the second looped pipeline road 110, and this second looped pipeline road branches out from primary exhaust conduit 104 in turbocharger 119 upstreams.In the second looped pipeline road 110, be configured with reformer 111.The second looped pipeline road 110 branches out from main line 104 in branching portion 120.Branching portion 120 is configured in turbocharger 119 upstreams, and second intersection 113 is configured in turbocharger 119 downstreams.

In addition, be provided with the first looped pipeline road 105, in this first looped pipeline road, be provided with the ammonia generator 103 that comprises plasma generator 114.Use air and/or waste gas as the working gas 121 that is used for plasma generator 114 at this, wherein, working gas 121 can comprise waste gas and/or air.Working gas 121 can be heated, especially the waste heat of the waste gas by internal combustion engine and/or heat by resistive heating device 122.

When work, plasma generator 114 changes into nitrogen oxide, preferred nitric oxide with nitrogen in the working gas 121 and oxygen.Plasma generator 114 is worked like this, makes to obtain a large amount of as far as possible nitric oxides.The air-flow of nitrogen-containing oxide is conducted through storage/reduction element 115 then, nitrogen oxide, preferred nitric oxide chemisorbed and be stored in this storage/reduction element as nitrite and/or nitrate.

If the hydrogeneous gas percolation storage/reduction element 115 that produces in the present reformer 111, then nitrite and/or nitrate are reduced ammonification.The consequent air-flow that contains ammonia is conducted through SCR catalyst converter 102 then and uses the selective reduction agent that acts on nitrogen oxide there.SCR catalyst converter 102 preferably includes aforesaid honeycomb ceramics.

In primary exhaust conduit 104, be configured with second oxidation catalyzer 117, the oxidation of preferred catalytic from the nitric oxide to nitrogen dioxide in this second oxidation catalyzer.This nitrogen dioxide (NO ₂) carbon (C) that will be included in then in the particle changes into carbon dioxide (CO ₂) and itself be reduced into nitric oxide (NO).Can carry out the regeneration of particle separator 101 thus.

Except at least one filter element 123, particle separator 101 can advantageously also comprise and described at least one filter element 123 synergistic second plasma generator 124, this second plasma generator is structure and work like this, makes surface-discharge cause the regeneration of filter element.About the configuration and the work of this plasma generator, with reference to DE 10057862C1, just in this point, the disclosure of the document is brought disclosure of the present invention into.

In addition, be configured with the control module 125 that can be connected with electricity (pressure) source 126.This control module 125 is controlled the plasma generator 114 and second plasma generator 124 together.Can consider data at this from engine control system 127.Especially can be by means of the data of engine control system 127, preferably determine NO in the waste gas by means of the engine combined characteristic _xConcentration.

Described at least one filter element 123, second oxidation catalyzer 117, SCR catalyst converter 102, reformer 111, storage/reduction unit 115, ammonia generator 103 and/or particle separator 101 can comprise at least one honeycomb ceramics.But the parts preferable configuration of described equipment is in shared housing 128.

Figure 11 schematically shows the ammonia generator 103 that is configured in the first looped pipeline road 105.This ammonia generator 103 comprises plasma generator 114, generates nitrogen oxide, preferred nitric oxide by the starting mixt that comprises nitrogen and oxygen in this plasma generator.The nitric oxide production air-flow that comprises that generates like this is directed in first gas piping 129 or in second gas piping 130.First gas piping 129 comprises that the first storage/reduction element, 131, the second gas pipings 130 comprise the second storage/reduction element 132.In by the gas piping 129,130 of the waste gas percolation of plasma generator 114, the nitrogen oxide chemisorbed is on the storage/reduction element 131,132 of correspondence.Store as nitrite and/or nitrate.In corresponding another gas piping 130,129, incite somebody to action separately nitrite and/or reducing nitrate radical and change ammonification simultaneously by importing the hydrogeneous air-flow that produces by reactor 133.The thus obtained air-flow that contains ammonia is directed in the primary exhaust conduit 104, so that be used for nitrogen oxides reduction as the selective reduction agent in being arranged on the SCR catalyst converter 102 in downstream.Reactor 133 especially can comprise reformer and/or generate hydrogen by the partial oxidation hydrocarbon.

In plasma generator 114, add a corresponding storage/reduction element 131,132 and corresponding another storage/reduction element 131,132 of emptying concurrently, intermittent work by this plasma generator, the hydrogen of reduction requirement is because can keep current oxygen content few as much as possible at 131,132 o'clock in these storage/reduction element of emptying thus.The reaction of depleted of hydrogen between hydrogen and the oxygen does not take place in the case, but the reduction reaction of desired nitrate/nitrite to ammonia mainly takes place.Can correspondingly control air-flow by valve 134.

Figure 12 shows a favourable improvement configuration, and in this improved configuration, particle separator 101 comprised at least two elements 136 that can be connected with the device 135 that is used to produce first electric field.Can carry out gathering of particle and/or separate by first electric field.

The method according to this invention and advantageously make according to equipment of the present invention and can reduce particle and nitrogen oxide (NO in the waste gas that is included in internal combustion engine 100 simultaneously _x) content, wherein, the energy consumption that is used for this reduction is very little, simultaneously entire equipment can be configured to the unit of compact conformation.

Reference numerals list

1 exhaust-gas treatment unit

2 second mobile zones

3 first mobile zones

4 walls that share

5 plasma generators

6 first electrodes

7 second electrodes

8 plasma channels

9 wiring devices

10 waste gas streams

11 mobile directions

The shunting of 12 first waste gas

The shunting of 13 second waste gas

14 gas input devices

15 first honeycombs

16 second honeycombs

17 the 3rd flow regions

18 reducing agent input units

19 gas extraction system

20 internal combustion engines

21 mixer structures

22 the 3rd honeycombs

The 23 waste gas streams that purified

24 are used for the device of temporary transient storage and reduction agent

25 control device

26 guiding devices

100 internal combustion engines

101 particle separators

102 SCR catalyst converters

103 ammonia generators

104 primary exhaust conduit

105 first looped pipeline roads

106 intersection

107 are used to provide the device of at least a working gas

108 first oxidation catalyzers

109 compressors

110 second looped pipeline roads

111 reformers

112 fuel tanks

113 second intersection

114 plasma generators

115 storage/reduction element

116 are used to produce the device of surface-discharge

117 second oxidation catalyzers

118 input channels

119 turbocharger

120 branching portions

121 working gas

122 resistive heating devices

123 filter elements

124 second plasma generators

125 control modules

126 electricity (pressure) source

127 engine control systems

128 housings

129 first gas pipings

130 second gas pipings

131 first storage/reduction element

132 second storage/reduction element

133 reactors

134 valves

135 are used to produce the device of first electric field

Claims

1. equipment that is used to handle waste gas comprises:

-particle separator (101),

-be used for selective reducing nitrogen oxide SCR catalyst converter (102) and

-the ammonia that is used to produce as the ammonia of the selective reduction agent of nitrogen oxides reduction takes place

Device (103),

In described equipment, this particle separator (101) is configured in the primary exhaust conduit (104), and this ammonia generator (103) is configured in the first looped pipeline road (105), wherein, this first looped pipeline road (105) feeds in this primary exhaust conduit (104) at the intersection place, this intersection of design like this, make at this ammonia generator (103) but in this SCR catalyst converter (102) of the air-flow percolation that contains ammonia of generation.

2. equipment according to claim 1, wherein, this first looped pipeline road (105) is located to lead in this primary exhaust conduit in first intersection (106), constructs this first intersection like this, make at this ammonia generator (103) but in also this particle separator of percolation (101) of the air-flow that contains ammonia that produces.

3. according to each described equipment of aforesaid right requirement, in this equipment, this particle separator (101) has the regeneration possibility that is used to make this particle separator (101) regeneration.

4. equipment according to claim 3 wherein, is constructed this particle separator (101) like this and/or such device (116,117,124) is set, and makes described regeneration possibility produce by at least one following measure:

10.1) provide nitrogen dioxide in the upstream of at least a portion of this particle separator (101);

10.2) temperature of at least a portion of this particle separator (101) is brought up to more than the limiting temperature;

10.3) provide oxidant in the upstream of at least a portion of this particle separator (101); Or

10.4) regenerate by discharge.

5. equipment according to claim 4, wherein, described device (116) is arranged for by surface-discharge regenerates.

6. according to each described equipment of aforesaid right requirement, wherein, this particle separator (101) comprises the device (135) that is used for producing at this particle separator (101) first electric field, satisfies at least one following function by this first electric field:

12.1) gather particle; Or

12.2) separating particles.

7. according to each described equipment of aforesaid right requirement, wherein, this particle separator (101) comprises the device (116) that is used for producing at this particle separator (101) second electric field, produces the surface-discharge that is used to regenerate by this second electric field.

8. according to each described equipment of aforesaid right requirement, wherein, this ammonia generator (103) comprises plasma generator (5,114).

9. according to each described equipment of aforesaid right requirement, wherein, this ammonia generator (103) comprises that at least one is used for temporarily storing the storage unit of at least a following component (115,131,132):

15.1) ammonia; Or

15.2) the ammonia precursor.

10. equipment according to claim 9, wherein, component 15.2) comprise nitric oxide.

11. according to each described equipment of aforesaid right requirement, wherein, this first looped pipeline road (105) is by at least a following gas percolation:

24.1) waste gas;

24.2) comprise the gas of oxygen and nitrogen at least; Or

24.3) air.

12. according to each described equipment of aforesaid right requirement, wherein, at least one following position is provided with oxidation catalyzer (108,117):

26.1) in the upstream of this particle separator (101);

26.2) in the downstream of this ammonia generator (103) and in the upstream of this SCR catalyst converter (102); Or

26.3) in the downstream of this SCR catalyst converter (102).

13. each described equipment according to the aforesaid right requirement, wherein, described equipment comprises first flow region (3) and at least one second flow region (2), this first flow region and described second flow region can be basically each other abreast by percolations, wherein, this first flow region (3) is at least a portion of this primary exhaust conduit (104), wherein, this first flow region (3) of structure and described second flow region (2) make heat to be incorporated into described at least one second flow region (2) from this first flow region (3) like this.

14. equipment according to claim 13 in this equipment, is configured with at least one following parts in one second flow region (2):

31.1) at least one plasma generator (5,114);

31.2) at least one reformer (111); Or

31.3) at least one reactor (133).

15. method that is used to handle waste gas, wherein, isolate particle in the waste gas at least in part by particle separator (101), and in SCR catalyst converter (102), reduce nitrogen oxides from exhaust gas at least in part, wherein, in primary exhaust conduit (104), carry out the separation of particle, in the first looped pipeline road (105), produce the ammonia that inputs to this SCR catalyst converter (102) as reducing agent.

16. method according to claim 15, in the method, this first looped pipeline road (105) and this primary exhaust conduit (104) cross like this, make on this first looped pipeline road (105) but in this particle separator of air-flow percolation (101) that contains ammonia of producing.

17. according to claim 15 or 16 described methods, in the method, be configured with at least one electric field in this particle separator (101), described electric field satisfies at least one following function:

58.1) gather particle;

58.2) separating particles; Or

58.3) this particle separator (101) is regenerated.

18. according to each described method of claim 15 to 17, in the method, this particle separator (101) has the regeneration possibility that is used to make this particle separator (101) regeneration.

19. method according to claim 18, in the method, described regeneration possibility is based at least one following effects mechanism:

60.1) provide nitrogen dioxide in the upstream of at least a portion of this particle separator (101);

60.2) temperature of at least a portion of this particle separator (101) is brought up to more than the limiting temperature;

60.3) provide oxidant in the upstream of at least a portion of this particle separator (101); Or

60.4) regenerate by discharge.

20. method according to claim 19 is wherein, according to 60.4) the regeneration possibility comprise surface-discharge.

21., wherein, produce ammonia (NH by the plasma support ground generation nitric oxide and the ammonification that then reduces according to each described method of claim 15 to 20 ₃).

22. method according to claim 21, wherein, plasma generator comes work with first working gas that comprises nitrogen and oxygen.

23. according to each described method of claim 15 to 22, wherein, this ammonia (NH ₃) in ammonia generator (103), produce, this ammonia generator (103) preferably includes at least one storage unit (131,132), nitrogen oxide (NO _x) can reversibly be stored in the described storage unit.

24. according to each described method of claim 15 to 23, wherein, according to the NO in the waste gas _xThe production of ammonia is regulated and/or controlled to concentration and/or ammonia concentration.

25. method according to claim 24 wherein, detects NO in the waste gas by sensor _xContent and/or ammonia content.

26., wherein, determine described NO by the service data of internal combustion engine (20,100) according to claim 24 or 25 described methods _xConcentration.