CN101232347B - Method of speech transmission and AMR system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a voice transmission method by adopting an AMR codec, the method comprises the following steps that: a check code of the type A data is increased in an AMR frame during the voice encoding; when the AMR frame is determined to have an error before the voice decoding, the check code is utilized to detect whether the type A data has the error or not; if the type A data has the error, the AMR frame is firstly carried out the error concealment, and then the AMR frame is decoded; otherwise, the AMR frame is directly decoded. The embodiment of the invention does not simply discard the AMR frame in the situation of determining the AMR frame to have the error, but further judges whether the error is caused by the most important type A data or not. The method can transmit the voice signal, avoid the emergence of the noise and improve the voice quality in the situation of high bit error rate. The invention also provides an AMR system, which can improve the voice quality.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the mobile communication voice technical field, relate in particular to a kind of method and a kind of AMR system of voice transfer.
Background technology
(Adaptive Multi Rate is by 3GPP (3 AMR) to adaptive multi-rate
RdGenerationPartnership Project) the encoding and decoding speech technology in the 3-G (Generation Three mobile communication system) of Zhi Dinging.The AMR codec is supported eight kinds of speed: 12.2kb/s, 10.2kb/s, and 7.95kb/s, 7.40kb/s, 6.70kb/s, 5.90kb/s, 5.15kb/s, 4.75kb, it also comprises low rate 1.8kb/s background noise pattern in addition.Actual speech encoding rate depends on the condition of channel, and the AMR speech coding can select a kind of optimum channel pattern and coding mode to carry out coding transmission according to wireless channel and status transmission adaptively.When bad channel quality, adopt low code rate, the redundant bit in the chnnel coding will increase like this, thereby information transmitted is carried out better protection; When channel quality is good, adopt high code rate to improve voice quality.AMR solves the rate-matched problem of information source and chnnel coding with intelligent manner more, make unlimited resources configuration and utilize more flexibly and efficient.
According to 3GPP TS 26.101, the AMR frame is divided into three parts: frame type, and the AMR core frames that voice and noise data constitute, and bit is filled.Further, the AMR core frames is divided into three types again according to data importance: type A, type B and Type C, the correctness of type A data are the keys that guarantee voice quality.Bit among the type A is the most responsive to mistake, when wrong, should adopt suitable error concealment to handle just decodable code in these bits.
Referring to Fig. 1, be a kind of video mobile phones (videophone) signal transmission solution, this scheme adopts the 64K Channel Transmission by the 3G324 regulation of ITU tissue, adopts H.263 as the coding and decoding video scheme; The AMR codec is as the encoding and decoding speech scheme.In the data uplink direction, video input apparatus, voice-input device after H.263 encoding with AMR, through H.245/EH.223 protocol stack processing, send to the 3G channel with primary signal; In the data downstream direction, processing procedure by H.263 deciphering with AMR, finally offers picture output device and voice-output device with up opposite.In order to guarantee voice quality, EH.223 can carry out CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check, cyclic redundancy check (CRC)) to whole AMR frame, if detect the AMR frame error code is arranged, and then can directly lose this AMR frame.Because if the 3G324 agreement will have the AMR packet of error code not abandon, directly give Voice decoder, Voice decoder can be handled the situation that the AMR speech frame of error code is used as no error code, if error code is serious, sharp-pointed noise can occur.
As seen, existing scheme is just it to be abandoned when mistake appears in the AMR frame, and analyze by which partial data in the AMR frame does not cause.Type A data are most important, meeting play decisive influence to voice quality and have only in the AMR frame, and such scheme is not analyzed and handled this point.What suppose the appearance mistake is not type A data, so simply whole AMR frame is abandoned to cause the data resource waste; And ought cause by type A error in data really that such scheme can not learn that also the AMR decoder also can not obtain carrying out the indication of error concealment so.
The error rate of stipulating in the 3G business can reach 10
-4～10
-6, under the situation of border district or terminal high-speed motion, the error rate even can reach 10
-3Existing scheme abandons vicious AMR frame, and then the AMR decoder will can not get continuous speech frame, and under the unconspicuous situation of frame losing, people's ear may be imperceptible; But under the frequent situation of frame losing, then obviously perceived sounds is intermittent, discontinuous, even influences normal talking.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of method of voice transfer, to solve by abandoning the problem that voice quality that the AMR frame causes descends;
The present invention also provides a kind of AMR system, and this system can improve the voice quality of mobile communication.
For this reason, the embodiment of the invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of method of voice transfer adopts the AMR encoding and decoding, comprises step:
During speech coding, in the AMR frame, increase the check code of type A data;
Before the tone decoding, when definite AMR frame is wrong, utilize described check code type of detection A data whether wrong;
If type A data are wrong, judge that whether the wrong continuously number of times of type A data is more than or equal to the maximum threshold value that allows of the continuous errors number of the type A data of setting; If the AMR frame is carried out the softening noise generates processing; Otherwise, at first the AMR frame is carried out error concealment, then decoding;
If type A data are errorless, directly to the AMR frame decoding.
Preferably, judge that by following steps the continuously wrong number of times of type A data is whether more than or equal to threshold value:
A forward counter is set, and whenever detecting type A data when wrong, counter adds one, if the difference of count value and initial value is more than or equal to threshold value, the wrong number of times of then definite type A data is more than or equal to threshold value;
Perhaps:
A backward counter is set, and initialize is described threshold value, whenever detecting type A data when wrong, count value subtracts one; Judge that whether count value zero overflow, if determine that then the wrong number of times of type A data is more than or equal to threshold value.
Described check code is obtained by following method of calibration: cyclic redundancy check (CRC), MD5 verification, exclusive or check or parity check.
Preferably, adopt cyclic redundancy check (CRC) to obtain in the process of check code generator polynomial G (x)=D
8+ D
6+ D
5+ D
4+ 1.
The process of described error concealment is: utilize the parameter set of described AMR frame correct speech frame before to carry out phonetic synthesis.
Described AMR frame is wrong, by the upper-layer protocol stack AMR frame is carried out cyclic redundancy check (CRC) and determines.
A kind of AMR system comprises the AMR codec, it is characterized in that: also comprise type A checkout equipment;
Described AMR codec comprises:
Coding unit: the check code that is used for the AMR frame is increased type A data;
Decoding unit: the AMR frame is decoded;
Error concealment unit: the AMR frame is carried out error concealment handle, start described decoding unit work then;
The threshold value preset unit is preserved the continuous wrong maximum time numerical value that allows of type A;
The statistical comparison unit is used for from the continuous wrong number of times of indicating member measurement type A data, and compares with threshold value that described threshold value preset unit provides, during more than or equal to threshold value, indicates noise softening cell operation in definite statistics number; Otherwise, start the error concealment unit;
Noise softening unit carries out the noise softening to the AMR frame and handles;
Described type A checkout equipment comprises:
Verification unit: utilize described check code to carry out verification to type A data in the mistake AMR frame;
Indicating member: receive the check results of described verification unit, when type A data are wrong, trigger the statistical comparison cell operation, otherwise, indicate described decoding unit work.
Technique effect for technique scheme is analyzed as follows:
The embodiment of the invention is determining that the AMR frame exists under the wrong situation, be not simply it to be abandoned, but further judge what whether this mistake was caused by most important type A data, if, then indicate the AMR decoder to adopt the mechanism of error concealment to come synthetic speech, continuous voice are provided to greatest extent; If not, illustrate that then this mistake can not influence voice quality, handle according to normal decoding process.The embodiment of the invention is effectively avoided because of abandoning the problem that voice quality that the AMR frame causes descends, can be under the situation of high bit-error transmission of speech signals, avoid the appearance of noise, improve voice quality.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a prior art voice communication system structural representation;
Fig. 2 is the embodiment of the invention one an AMR frame structure schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is the embodiment of the invention one flow chart;
Fig. 4 is the embodiment of the invention two flow charts;
Fig. 5 is a voice communication system structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 6 a is the embodiment of the invention one an AMR system configuration schematic diagram;
Fig. 6 b is the embodiment of the invention two AMR system configuration schematic diagrames.
Embodiment
The present invention is by to mistake AMR frame further judging determine whether mistake is caused by type A data, thereby indication AMR decoder is made different disposal.Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the specific embodiment of the invention is described in detail.
At first introduce the specific embodiment of the invention one:
In order to judge what whether AMR frame mistake was caused by type A data, the present invention mainly improves and can be summarized as following 2 points:
1, the AMR frame is transformed: increase type A check code;
Whether 2, the check code that utilize to increase detects the type A data of descending wrong AMR frame wrong, thereby indication AMR decoder is handled the AMR frame.
Referring to Fig. 2 is AMR frame format provided by the invention, except comprising frame type, AMR core frames and special the filling, has increased type A check code.This check code can calculate by various data verification methods.
So-called data check is exactly integrality and the accuracy in order to guarantee data, with a kind of algorithm of appointment initial data is calculated a check value; If the recipient the same with the check value that provides with data, just illustrates that data are reliable with check value of same algorithm computation.Existing check addition kind is a lot, comprises CRC, MD5 verification, exclusive or check and parity check etc.
The present invention preferably adopts CRC, and it is to utilize the principle of division and remainder to carry out error detection, and the code character that receives is carried out division arithmetic, if eliminate, then the explanation transmission is errorless; If do not eliminate, show that then transmission goes wrong.CRC also has automatic error correcting capability.
Now the CRC algorithm principle is described below:
CRC adopts the multinomial coding method.Processed data block can be regarded as the binary system multinomial on n rank, by a
N-1x
N-1+ a
N-2x
X-2+ ... + a
1X+a
0Can be expressed as one 8 bit 10110101: 1x
7+ 0x
6+ 1x
5+ 1x
4+ 0x
3+ 1x
2+ 0x+1.Multinomial multiplication and division calculating process is identical with the multiplication and division of common algebraic polynomial.Polynomial signed magnitude arithmetic(al) is a mould with 2, do not advance during plus-minus, and dislocation, consistent with the logical difference exclusive disjunction.
When adopting CRC, transmit leg and recipient be with same generator polynomial g (x), and the first place of g (x) and last coefficient are necessary for 1.The processing method of CRC is: transmit leg is removed t (x) with g (x), obtains remainder as the CRC sign indicating number.Whether during verification, be 0 to be certificate with the correction result that calculates, whether the judgment data frame makes mistakes.
CRC can 100% ground detects all odd number random errors and the length burst error smaller or equal to k (k is the exponent number of g (x)).So the exponent number of the generator polynomial of CRC is high more, Wu Pan probability is just more little so.
The coding method of CRC sign indicating number be with binary data t (x) to be sent divided by generator polynomial g (x), with last remainder as the CRC sign indicating number.Implementation step is as follows:
(1) establish the binary system multinomial t (x) that data block to be sent is the m position, generator polynomial is the g (x) on r rank.Add r 0 at the end of data block, the length of data block is increased to the m+r position, and corresponding binary system multinomial is x
rT (x).
(2) remove x with generator polynomial g (x)
rT (x), trying to achieve remainder is that exponent number is the binary system multinomial y (x) of r-1.This binary system multinomial y (x) is exactly the CRC sign indicating number of t (x) through generator polynomial g (x) coding.
(3) use x
rT (x) deducts y (x) in the mode of mould 2, obtains binary system multinomial x
rT ' (x).x
rT ' is exactly the character string to be sent that has comprised the CRC sign indicating number (x).
From the coding rule of CRC as can be seen, the CRC coding is actually and has converted m position binary system multinomial t (x) to be sent to can be eliminated by g (x) m+r position binary system multinomial x
rT ' (x), so when decoding can remove g (x) with the data that receive, if remainder position zero represent that then transmission course does not have mistake; If remainder is non-vanishing, then in transmission course, there is mistake certainly.While x
rT ' (x) can regard combination by t (x) and CRC sign indicating number as, so the binary data that receives is removed during decoding the r bit data of afterbody, what obtain is exactly initial data.
The preferred CRC-8 of the present invention, generator polynomial is G (x)=D
8+ D
6+ D
5+ D
4+ 1.Relating to check code below all is the example explanation with CRC-8.
In the present invention, type A check code increases in cataloged procedure, in decode procedure, can adopt same algorithm to produce type A check code, and with the AMR frame in comparison, if consistent, think that then type A data are correct, otherwise, determine wrong.
Fig. 3 is embodiment one flow chart.Below with reference to Fig. 3, the flow process of executing example one is described in detail, embodiment one comprises:
Step 301: in the data uplink cataloged procedure, in the AMR frame, increase type A check code CRC-8;
Step 302: the descending data of communication system 3G channel are carried out physical channel separate the mapping processing;
Step 303: by upper-layer protocol data are handled, being comprised: H.223 agreement demultiplexing, agreement rate-matched H.223 obtain the AMR frame;
Step 304: the AMR frame is carried out upper-layer protocol CRC, whether wrong? if, execution in step 305; Otherwise, execution in step 307;
Step 305: type A data in the AMR frame are carried out the CRC-8 verification, whether wrong? if, execution in step 306; Otherwise, execution in step 307;
Step 306: indication AMR decoder carries out error concealment to be handled; Execution in step 307 then;
Error concealment is meant and utilizes the parameter set of correct speech frame to carry out phonetic synthesis, and wherein parameter set is before the current AMR frame and does not have the parameter set of wrong speech frame, because present frame is constantly to change, so parameter set is also brought in constant renewal in.
Step 307: indication AMR decoder carries out normal decoder to the AMR frame to be handled.
Present embodiment is to the further analysis and judgement of the reason that causes the AMR mistake, determine whether to cause by type A data, because type A data are the keys that influence voice quality, thereby can occur adopting error concealment under the wrong situation in type A data, avoid by abandoning the discontinuous problem of voice that the AMR frame causes.Adopt such scheme, under the vicious situation of AMR frame, the AMR decoder can learn when adopt error concealment or normal decoder, avoids the appearance of noise, improves voice quality.
Introduce the specific embodiment of the invention two below:
In embodiment one, error concealment is the parameter set that has utilized contiguous frames, if but the error rate is very high, occurs continuously causing the mistake frame by type A mistake, and it also is wrong can causing parameter set so.On the basis of embodiment one, two couples of type A of embodiment data wrong number of times occurs and limit, and prevent continuous error frame and cause parameter to recover.
Referring to Fig. 4, with the main difference of Fig. 3 in step 406-step 410, embodiment two specifically comprises:
Step 401: in the cataloged procedure, in the AMR frame, increase type A check code CRC-8;
Step 402: the descending data of communication system 3G channel are carried out physical channel separate the mapping processing;
Step 403: by the upper-layer protocol stack data are handled, being comprised: H.223 agreement demultiplexing, agreement rate-matched H.223 obtain the AMR frame;
Step 404: the AMR frame is carried out CRC, whether wrong? if, execution in step 4056; Otherwise, execution in step 408;
Step 405: type A data in the AMR frame are carried out the CRC-8 verification, whether wrong? if, execution in step 406; Otherwise, execution in step 409;
Step 406: judge whether to occur a N continuous wrong frame of type A? if, execution in step 407; Otherwise, execution in step 408;
Above-mentioned N is default threshold value, and its representative allows to occur the maximum of a wrong frame of type A continuously.
Step 407: indication AMR decoder weakens noise or the softening noise generates (CNG) processing;
Step 408: indication AMR decoder carries out error concealment to be handled; Execution in step 409 then;
Step 409: indication AMR decoder carries out normal decoder to the AMR frame to be handled.
In the above-mentioned steps 407, can judge whether the wrong frame of type A occurs surpasses threshold value N by counter is set: a kind of method is that a forward counter is set, whenever detecting type A data when wrong, counter adds one, if the difference of count value and initial value, determines then that the wrong number of times of type A data is more than or equal to threshold value more than or equal to threshold value; Another kind method is that a backward counter is set, and initialize is described threshold value, and whenever detecting type A data when wrong, count value subtracts one; Judge that whether count value zero overflow, if determine that then the wrong number of times of type A data is more than or equal to threshold value.
Present embodiment is on the basis of embodiment one, and the number of times that type A is made mistakes continuously limits.Because to occur type A data continuously wrong when the AMR frame, can cause the parameter set of its contiguous frames invalid, at this moment can't utilize parameter set to carry out error concealment again and handle.So present embodiment prevents the situation that parameter can't be recovered by the Limit Type A data number of times of makeing mistakes continuously.Wherein, the threshold value N in the step 406 can choose or upgrades according to the actual conditions needs, and for example, N is 10, and expression occurs 10 type A error frames continuously and can cause parameter to recover.Compare with embodiment one, embodiment two further guarantees the quality of voice transfer under the communication environment of high bit-error.
The invention also discloses a kind of AMR system, this system comprises the AMR codec, and a type A checkout equipment.
Referring to Fig. 5 is the voice communication system structural representation that comprises AMR provided by the invention system, on the basis of existing system, increased type A checkout equipment, its major function is that type A data are carried out error detection, according to testing result indication AMR decoder the AMR frame is carried out different disposal.Dotted portion is the AMR system among Fig. 5, and it is present in the communication system, can improve voice call quality.
Referring to Fig. 6 a is embodiment one AMR system configuration schematic diagram, and this system comprises AMR codec 601 and type A checkout equipment 602.
Type A checkout equipment 602 type A checkout equipments 602 are started working under the wrong situation of AMR frame, whether wrongly be used for the type A data that detect mistake AMR frame, if, 601 pairs of AMR frames of indication AMR codec carry out error concealment to be handled, otherwise, 601 pairs of AMR frame decodings of indication AMR codec.
Further, AMR codec 601 comprises: coding unit 611 is used for the check code to AMR frame increase type A data; Decoding unit 612: the AMR frame is decoded; Error concealment unit 613: AMR is carried out error concealment handle, forward decoding unit 612 then to and carry out decode operation.
Correspondingly, type A checkout equipment 602 comprises: verification unit 621: utilize check code to carry out verification to type A data in the mistake AMR frame; Indicating member 622: receive the check results of described verification unit, and 601 operations of indication AMR codec: when type A data are wrong, 613 work of indication error concealment unit, otherwise, 612 work of instruction decoding unit.
Preferably, referring to Fig. 6 b, embodiment two AMR codecs 601 also comprise noise softening unit 614, statistical comparison unit 615 and threshold value preset unit 616.Noise softening unit 614 carries out the noise softening to the AMR frame and handles; Statistical comparison unit 615, be used for from the continuous wrong number of times of indicating member 622 measurement type A data, and compare with threshold value that threshold value preset unit 616 provides, in definite statistics number during more than or equal to threshold value, indicate 614 work of described noise softening unit, otherwise, start error concealment unit 613; Threshold value preset unit 615 is preserved the wrong maximum time numerical value that allows of type A.Different with embodiment one, when indicating member 622 learns that type A is wrong, at first trigger 615 work of statistical comparison unit, and directly do not carry out error concealment; When statistical comparison unit 615 is determined errors number less than threshold value, indicate 613 work of error concealment unit again.
Wherein, type A check code can be obtained by methods such as CRC, MD5 verification, exclusive or check and parity checks, preferred CRC; And the threshold value that threshold value preset unit 616 presets can be upgraded at any time according to the variation of error rate of system.
In existing communication system, when appearring in the AMR frame, mistake just it is abandoned, and analyze do not cause by any partial data in the AMR frame.Type A data are most important, meeting play decisive influence to voice quality and have only in the AMR frame, method that the embodiment of the invention provides and AMR system are just from this point, whether cause by type A checkout equipment 602 concrete analysis mistakes by type A data, indicate the AMR codec under different situations, to carry out different operating then, just:, adopt normal decoder when not being type A when causing; Be type A when causing, adopt error concealment mechanism to handle earlier, carry out decoding processing then.Rather than simple as prior art the AMR frame is abandoned, avoid causing that voice are discontinuous, the unfavorable problem of effect by abandoning the AMR frame.
And, in the preferred embodiments of the present invention two, continuous type A error in data number of times is limited, preventing can't the identification parameter collection and cause sound effect to worsen, and has ensured the quality of voice transfer more effectively.The scheme that the embodiment of the invention provides, the communication system of especially suitable high bit-error.And the embodiment of the invention realizes simple, can with the 3G standard compatibility.
The above only is a preferred implementation of the present invention; should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite that does not break away from the principle of the invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. the method for a voice transfer adopts the AMR encoding and decoding, it is characterized in that, comprising:
During speech coding, in the AMR frame, increase the check code of type A data;
Before the tone decoding, when definite AMR frame is wrong, utilize described check code type of detection A data whether wrong;
If type A data are wrong, judge that whether the wrong continuously number of times of type A data is more than or equal to the maximum threshold value that allows of the continuous errors number of the type A data of setting; If the AMR frame is carried out the softening noise generates processing; Otherwise, at first the AMR frame is carried out error concealment, then decoding;
If type A data are errorless, directly to the AMR frame decoding.
2. the method for voice transfer according to claim 1 is characterized in that, judges that by following steps the continuously wrong number of times of type A data is whether more than or equal to threshold value:
A forward counter is set, and whenever detecting type A data when wrong, counter adds one, if the difference of count value and initial value is more than or equal to threshold value, the wrong number of times of then definite type A data is more than or equal to threshold value;
Perhaps:
A backward counter is set, and initialize is described threshold value, whenever detecting type A data when wrong, count value subtracts one; Judge that whether count value zero overflow, if determine that then the wrong number of times of type A data is more than or equal to threshold value.
3. the method for voice transfer according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, described check code is obtained by following method of calibration: cyclic redundancy check (CRC), MD5 verification, exclusive or check or parity check.
4. the method for voice transfer according to claim 3 is characterized in that, adopts cyclic redundancy check (CRC) to obtain in the process of check code generator polynomial G (x)=D
8+ D
6+ D
5+ D
4+ 1.
5. the method for voice transfer according to claim 3 is characterized in that, the process of described error concealment is: utilize the parameter set of described AMR frame correct speech frame before to carry out phonetic synthesis.
6. the method for voice transfer according to claim 3 is characterized in that, described AMR frame is wrong, by the upper-layer protocol stack AMR frame is carried out cyclic redundancy check (CRC) and determines.
7. an AMR system comprises the AMR codec, it is characterized in that: also comprise type A checkout equipment;
Described AMR codec comprises:
Coding unit: the check code that is used for the AMR frame is increased type A data;
Decoding unit: the AMR frame is decoded;
Error concealment unit: the AMR frame is carried out error concealment handle, start described decoding unit work then;
Threshold value preset unit: preserve the continuous wrong maximum time numerical value that allows of type A;
Statistical comparison unit: be used for from the continuous wrong number of times of indicating member measurement type A data, and compare, during more than or equal to threshold value, indicate noise softening cell operation in definite statistics number with threshold value that described threshold value preset unit provides; Otherwise, start the error concealment unit;
Noise softening unit: the AMR frame is carried out the noise softening handle;
Described type A checkout equipment comprises:
Verification unit: utilize described check code to carry out verification to type A data in the mistake AMR frame;
Indicating member: receive the check results of described verification unit, when type A data are wrong, trigger described statistical comparison cell operation, otherwise, indicate described decoding unit work.
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| CN102571266B (en) * | 2011-01-04 | 2015-11-25 | 华为技术有限公司 | A kind of method of transport block cyclic redundancy check and device |
| CN102572929B (en) * | 2011-12-21 | 2014-11-05 | 华为技术有限公司 | Voice detection method and equipment |
| CN106027541A (en) * | 2016-06-17 | 2016-10-12 | 北京世纪东方通讯设备有限公司 | Voice coding and decoding device and method used for GSM-R communication system |
| CN108702237B (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2021-08-31 | 荣耀终端有限公司 | Method for adjusting coding rate and terminal |
| CN111836214B (en) * | 2020-07-08 | 2022-03-01 | 公安部第一研究所 | Method for evaluating and improving voice quality of wireless digital communication system receiving party |
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