CN101228719A - Underwater communications system - Google Patents

Underwater communications system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101228719A
CN101228719A CNA2006800267853A CN200680026785A CN101228719A CN 101228719 A CN101228719 A CN 101228719A CN A2006800267853 A CNA2006800267853 A CN A2006800267853A CN 200680026785 A CN200680026785 A CN 200680026785A CN 101228719 A CN101228719 A CN 101228719A
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China
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communications system
receiver
transmitter
signal
underwater communications
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马克·罗德斯
布兰登·海蓝
德里克·沃尔夫
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WFS Technologies Ltd
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WFS Technologies Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B13/00Transmission systems characterised by the medium used for transmission, not provided for in groups H04B3/00 - H04B11/00
    • H04B13/02Transmission systems in which the medium consists of the earth or a large mass of water thereon, e.g. earth telegraphy

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Near-Field Transmission Systems (AREA)

Abstract

An underwater communications system for transmitting electromagnetic and/or magnetic signals to a remote receiver, the system having a data input; a digital data compressor for compressing data that is to be transmitted; a modulator for modulating the compressed data onto a carrier signal and an electrically insulated, magnetic coupled antenna for transmitting the compressed, modulated signals.

Description

Underwater communications system
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of underwater communications system, this underwater communications system uses electromagnetic propagation and magnetic induction as transmission means, and the Digital Transmission of the optimization information distance that can reach.
Background technology
Known various underwater communications system.One of the most common acoustic technique that is based on.The problem of this system is to make this system performance degradation from the noise of multiple source and interference.They also are subjected to the influence of multipath effect, and can not use in fact under some environment.Other underwater communications system is used radio link (for example electromagnetic signal of extremely low frequency), is generally used for the telecommunication of water surface website and undersea ship.Typically, these systems use big electric field coupled antennas physically to operate in the far field, and support the data rate up to the some bits of per second.
WO01/95529 has described the underwater communications system of using electromagnetic signal transmission.This system has transmitter and receiver, and each transmitter and receiver has the metallic magnetic coupled antenna that is surrounded by the waterproof electrical insulating material.In the system of WO01/95529, use electric insulation magnetic coupling antenna that different advantages is provided.This be because magnetic coupling antenna excitation main magnetic field.Similar device has been described in GB2163029.Though the communication system of WO01/95529 and GB2163029 has some technical advantages with respect to more traditional acoustics or radio link system, but described function is limited, and for many practical applications, available bandwidth is very limited, and the distance that data can be transmitted also is like this.
Magnetic field and electromagnetic field have been produced by the formed magnetic antenna of wire loop, coil or similar device.It has been generally acknowledged that magnetic or induced magnetic fields comprise two components of different amplitudes, these two components respectively with 1/r 2And 1/r 3The speed that is directly proportional is with distance (r) and other factors decay.These two components are collectively referred to as near-field components usually.Electromagnetic field has static different amplitude, and decays with distance and other factors with the speed that is directly proportional with 1/r.Usually be referred to as far field or propagation component.
Because the characteristic of the partially conductive of water is based on signal decay fast in water in electric field and magnetic field.Seawater has more conductivity and produces faster decay than fresh water.Propagating radio or electromagnetic wave is synergistic result between electric field and the magnetic field.The high conductivity of seawater makes the electric field decay.Glassware for drinking water has near the infiltrative magnetic permeability of the magnetic of free space, thereby pure magnetic field is not subjected to the influence of this medium comparatively speaking.Yet for propagation of electromagnetic waves, energy constantly circulates between magnetic field and electric field, and because conduction loss has caused the decay of propagating wave.
Attenuation loss, bandwidth constraints and the limiting distance that can transmit data all are that subsurface communication has proposed great practical problem.
Summary of the invention
According to a first aspect of the invention, provide underwater communications system, be used for transfer of data to remote receiver, this system has the data input; Data compressor is used to compress the data that will transmit; Modulator, the data-modulated that is used for being compressed is to carrier signal; And electric insulation, magnetic coupling antenna, be used to transmit the modulation signal that is compressed.
By packed data before transmission, can reduce shared transmission bandwidth.This allows the more use of low carrier frequency, and causes lower decay.This thus allow the communication of farther transmission range, therefore reduced the difficulty that communicates by water significantly.Therefore the numeral of audio frequency and/or video, the data compression on the lowest useful frequency and transmission especially have advantage in environments such as subsea, and represent crucial innovation.
Preferably, this system comprises: data/text input device (for example keyboard) and/or be used for the audio devices of capturing audio signal and/or be used to catch the video-unit (for example camera) of image.Having input (for example text entry keys dish and camera) provides the function device of expansion, and has expanded the scope that equipment is used.Optional method (for example using voice-to-text conversion and text to speech conversion) provides the additional bandwidth reduction, and therefore range benefits is provided.
Display can be provided, thereby can before transmission, check text/data and/or the video of being imported.
Preferably, communication module comprise have electric insulation, the receiver of magnetic coupling antenna, be used for receiving electromagnetic signals.In this case, this module preferably can be operated and be used for presenting received text/data and/or video on module display.Transmitter and receiver can be shared single electric insulation, magnetic coupling antenna.
Can be used to change carrier frequency by configuration-system, to optimize at the information communication speed of transmission range with situation about being run into.Disposing this system connects; Begin transmission at first frequency; In case set up communication, just change frequency and select frequency based on received signal strength signal intensity.
The magnetic coupling antenna can be based on coil or solenoid.Can around high magnetic permeable material, form solenoid.Can utilize low electric conducting material around insulated antenna with permittivity that the permittivity with communication media (for example distilled water) is complementary.
In order further to improve communication, must consider transmission range.For example, for short-distance transmission, magnetic component provides stronger signal, yet electromagnetic component provides optimal service in longer distance.Therefore, for short haul connection, preferred near field transmission, yet for the communication of longer distance, the transmission of preferred far field.Be leading application of the present invention and the distance of the present invention of depending on of magnetic component or electromagnetic component.
According to another aspect of the present invention, underwater communications system is provided, comprise: transmitter under water with electric insulation, magnetic coupling antenna, be used for electromagnetic signal transmission to receiver, and submarine receiving set with electric insulation, magnetic coupling antenna, be used for from transmitter received signal under water, wherein when the near field of transmitting antenna and reception antenna was overlapping, transmitter and receiver was suitable for communication.The near field approximately can be defined as 1/r 2And 1/r 3Change a zone greater than propagation 1/r item (wherein r=radial distance).
Near field subsea magneto-inductive communications links can be supported than much higher carrier frequency possible in the far field.Conversely, the communication in the near field allows obviously higher signal bandwidth of the available bandwidth of comparison far field transmission.When near-field components during relatively near antenna, they are faster than the fall off rate of far field component with the fall off rate of distance.When antenna is magnetic antenna, obtained than the considerable advantage that uses usually in the lower loss of various types of traditional electrical magnetic antennas of free space.In addition, compare with electromagnetic field, the relative initial strength in magnetic field is still considerably big.
According to another aspect of the present invention, underwater communications system is provided, comprise and being used for the transmitter of electromagnetic signal transmission to remote receiver, and be used for from the receiver of transmitter received signal, wherein, in the transmitter and receiver at least one and has electric insulation, magnetic coupling antenna under water.In the transmitter and receiver one can be on the water, and can have the electric coupling antenna.
According to another aspect of the present invention, underwater communications system is provided, comprises being used for, and be used for from the receiver of transmitter received signal with the transmitter of electromagnetic signal transmission to remote receiver, wherein, at least one in the transmitter and receiver comprises the device that is used to change signal gain.This system for one or two antenna place that is subjected to wave wash is favourable, and wherein, antenna is partly or entirely soaked in water termly.Change the device that gains by providing, even when one or more antennas are subjected to wave wash, can keep performance.
According to another aspect of the present invention, provide underwater communications system, comprise the device that is used to transmit the device of electromagnetic signal and is used to transmit voice signal.In use, control system, thereby no matter system be electromagnetism or sound, all utilize the optimal path of communication.
In specializing any system of the present invention, the transmitter and receiver placement can be connected and be bordering on the place of the water surface, signal is towards the water surface that has precedence over two directapaths between the position.This is provided with and has utilized by water to the interfacial water level land of air along the water surface and return the water surface with the propagation path down to receiver.Be provided with each particular geometric outside the given range of variation, this air path provides than the lower loss route in path that directly passes through water.This effect is because about 80 high relatively dielectric constant of water.This has caused high refraction angle, thereby by large-scale incidence angle the electromagnetic signal that is incident in the water surface is reflected, and has produced horizontal wave.For the same reason, when horizontal signal is propagated, receive at the receiver location place with permission in the component of the signal coupling backwater.Because aerial low decay is so use air path to increase the horizontal extent of signal.
Description of drawings
In conjunction with example and accompanying drawing, now various aspects of the present invention will be described, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the structured flowchart of underwater transceivers;
Fig. 2 shows the decay that the signal propagated typically experiences in seawater, and how the decay of the signal of representing with decibel is similar to and increasing that the square root of frequency is directly proportional;
Fig. 3 is the structured flowchart of the transmitter under water that uses in Fig. 1 transceiver;
Fig. 4 is the structured flowchart of the submarine receiving set that uses in Fig. 1 transceiver;
Fig. 5 is the structured flowchart of the underwater antenna that uses in Fig. 3 transmitter and Fig. 4 receiver;
Fig. 6 is used to allow the structured flowchart of underwater diver to the system of diver's voice communication;
Fig. 7 is used to allow the structured flowchart of underwater diver to the system of diver's textcommunication;
Fig. 8 is used to use speech recognition and the speech synthesis technique structured flowchart with the voice communication system that reduces bandwidth that allows arrowband text transmission;
Fig. 9 is the structured flowchart that is used to allow the system of video communication under water;
Figure 10 is the structured flowchart of the grid network that uses in the communication system under water;
Figure 11 is the structured flowchart of water to water surface communication system;
Figure 12 is the structured flowchart that typically is used for the communication system of autonomous underwater vehicle;
Figure 13 shows the modulation signal that uses in signal modulation scheme;
Figure 14 shows the transmission plan that adopts the protection frequency band, and
The schematic diagram of the communication system that Figure 15 is can be on the water, operate during under water with water surface hold the line.
Embodiment
The present invention relates to use the various underwater communications systems of electromagnetic wave as circulation way.In these communication systems each all used communication transceiver 10, and it has transmitter 12, receiver 14 and the processor 16 (as shown in Figure 1) that is connected with analog or digital data-interface (not shown).Transmitter and receiver 12 and 14 has waterproof, electric insulation magnetic coupling antenna 18 and 20 respectively.Alternatively, between transmitter and receiver, can share individual antenna.Using the magnetic coupling antenna is because water is conducting medium, so the magnetic coupling antenna has great influence to the propagation of electromagnetic signal.Ideally, center on each insulated antenna assembly by low conductivity medium (for example distilled water) with the propagation medium impedance matching.
In specializing the communication system of this invention, use electric insulation magnetic coupling antenna, because under water in the environment, electric insulation magnetic coupling antenna ratio electric coupling antenna is more effective.Underwater attenuation is because the conductive effect of electric field to a great extent.Because the electric coupling antenna produces higher electric field component, in the water of near field, the signal of institute's radiation has experienced higher decay.Comparatively speaking, except the electromagnetic propagation field, the magnetic coil antenna has also produced powerful induced magnetic fields item.The magnetic induction item is bigger than the propagation field of close transmitting antenna, and the attachment device of the signal between two antennas that is provided for being coupled.At nearer and farther distance, magnetic coupling antenna ratio electric coupling antenna is more effective under water.In the application of the long Distance Transmission of needs, preferably, should use magnetic antenna at the lowest achievable signal frequency will place.This is because the signal attenuation in the water increases (as shown in Figure 2) with the frequency that increases.Therefore, minimize carrier frequency when possible () and allow the transmission range maximization.In practice, lowest achievable signal frequency will is the function of expectation bit rate and required transmission range.
Fig. 3 shows the example of the transmitter 12 that uses in the transceiver 10 of Fig. 1.This transmitter have with processor 24 and modulator 26 in each data-interface that is connected 22.Provide modulator 26 to encode data onto carrier wave.Output place at modulator 26 is to be used to provide local oscillator signals with frequency synthesizer 28 and transmission amplifier 30 with the modulated carrier up-conversion, this transmission amplifier 30 with under water, electric insulation magnetic coupling antenna 18 links to each other.In use, Transmitter processor 24 can operate that be used for producing in selected carrier frequency will be by the electromagnetic communication signals of antenna emission.
Fig. 4 shows the example of the receiver 14 that the transceiver with Fig. 1 uses.Identical with transmitter, this receiver has the electric insulation magnetic antenna 20 that is suitable for using under water.This antenna can be operated the field signal that is used to receive from transmitter.What link to each other with antenna 20 is the tuned filter 32 that links to each other with reception amplifier 34.Output place at amplifier 34 is the signal amplitude measurement module 36 that is coupled with demodulator 38 and frequency synthesizer 40, and this frequency synthesizer 40 is provided for the local oscillator signals with the modulated carrier down-conversion.What link to each other with demodulator 38 is processor 42 and the data-interface 44 that also links to each other with processor 42.Provide data-interface 44 to be used for from receiver 14 transfer of data extremely being controlled or supervising device (for example processor on another plate), this control or supervising device can be positioned over mobile device 10 or another remote position.
Fig. 5 shows the example of the antenna that can use in the transmitter and receiver of Fig. 3 and Fig. 4.This antenna has the ferrite core 46 of high osmosis.Be wrapped in around the magnetic core is a plurality of coils 48 of insulated electric conductor.Can select the number of turns of electric wire and the length radius ratio of magnetic core 46 according to using.Yet to the operation with 125kHz, 1000 circles and 10: 1 length radius ratio are fit to.Antenna links to each other with associated transmitter/receiver module, and is included in the waterproof case 50.In this shell, antenna can be surrounded by air or some other suitable insulation bodies 52 (for example low conductive medium as with the distilled water of propagation medium impedance matching).
Fig. 6 shows and is used for the telecommunication system of underwater diver to diver or similar communication.This comprises two communication units 56 and 58, and wherein each comprises the transceiver among Fig. 1.In this case, what be connected with the processor 16 of transceiver is sound interface 60, and this interface is connected between loud speaker 62 and the microphone 64.Processor 16 can be operated and be used to use electromagnetic propagation to allow voice between the diver to voice communication as communication channel.A function of processor 16 is to use very big known vocoder or the similar techniques that has reduced the required bit rate that is used for understandable dialogue, will represent to be converted to the high compression form of coding or changes from the high compression form of coding from the Analog signals'digital of sound interface 60.Depend on application, employed host-host protocol can be point-to-point or broadcasting.In practice, the voice compression algorithm that is used to reduce bandwidth and carrier frequency has significantly increased the range of receiving of subsurface communication.In this case, carrier frequency typically within the scope of 1-100kHz (for example 30kHz).Known in the state of the artly be used to allow the technology of wireless speech to voice communication, will be described in detail, in brief, modern vocoder technology can reach low-down bit rate and still guarantee good intelligibility between people and the people.By using such vocoder, low bit rate can reach farther distance under water.In practice, these unit can be included in commercial diving person in the full facepiece mask that often uses, thereby be convenient to voice communication.Loud speaker can form waterproof earphones.
Fig. 7 shows and is used for underwater diver another telecommunication system to diver or similar communication, and this system has two communication units 66,68, and wherein each comprises the transceiver among Fig. 1.What be connected with the processor 16 of transceiver in this case, is to be used to allow the text input 70 of user input text message and the display 72 that is used to show such text message.With the text delivery of user input processor 16 to the plate, arrive transmitter then, here with text digital modulation on carrier frequency and launch.As previously mentioned, depend on application, employed host-host protocol can be point-to-point or broadcasting.Become known for allowing the technology of mobile textcommunication in the prior art, will not do describing in detail.The equipment of Fig. 7 allow to use electromagnetic propagation as communication channel to carry out the textcommunication between the diver.Because sending text message is the application of low-down data rate, can use the low frequency carrier signal of the low relatively decay of experience.Should carry out signal receives in the far field.For maximum range, typically, employed carrier frequency can be lower than 100Hz (for example 40Hz).
Fig. 8 shows optional voice communication system 74, be used for underwater diver to diver or diver to water surface communication.This system has the communication unit of drawing respectively as transmitter and receiver unit 76 and 78 independently.Transmitter unit has and is arranged in for example microphone 80 of diver's face shield, thereby in use this microphone is near diver's mouth.This microphone with can operate that to be used for speech conversion be that the sound identification module 82 of text electrical representation links to each other.Use general available speech recognition software can finish speech recognition, its output is the character stream of electronic form.What link to each other with sound identification module 82 is the text code device 84 that links to each other with transmitter 86, this transmitter and magnetic antenna 88 couplings.Encoder 84 is converted to the text based data with voice signal.At the example of the suitable form of these data can be ASCII or efficient coding mechanism more preferably, to minimize data and the needed thus bandwidth that will launch.Then these text based data are modulated, and be emitted to antenna 90 and receiver 92 by transmitter and receiver antenna 86 and 88 respectively.What link to each other with receiver 92 is to operate the demodulator 94 that is used to recover text data.This handles by using phonetic synthesis module 96 to handle data are converted to the artificial voice signals that the recipient is heard.The earphone that use to be fit to then, loudspeaker or other are suitable for such equipment 98 of recipient, and this voice signal is fed to the recipient.
The system of Fig. 8 is especially benefited, because it is reduced to minimum practical value with data bandwidth.This allows the use than low carrier frequency, and much lower thus signal attenuation.The optional audio compression technology of bandwidth ratio is much smaller, and this bandwidth must represent to comprise the four corner of the audio frequency of voice effectively.Comparatively speaking, only transmit the The text meaning of voice based on the system that discerns and synthesize.This system has than the more clear understandable added benefit of direct voice frequency link.Restrictive face shield and breathing apparatus influence speech underwater.Speech recognition algorithm can be suitable for working effectively with speech underwater.The synthetic speech that reproduces at the receiver place will be than the original higher quality that has.
Fig. 9 shows the communication system that is used to provide the video link.As previously mentioned, this system has two communication units 100 and 102, and wherein each comprises the transceiver among Fig. 1.Then, in this case, provide camera 104.Camera generates the number format of image or image and sound and represents.This camera links to each other with communication compression set 108 by modulator-demodulator 106, and this image compressing device links to each other with transceiver processor 110.What link to each other with the processor 112 of another transceiver is corresponding image decompression compression apparatus 114, modulator-demodulator 116 and display 118.Can use near field or far field electromagnetic to propagate as communication channel, the image that first transceiver 100 is captured sends to second transceiver 102, and next is presented on the display.Use video compression algorithm and reduce bandwidth and carrier frequency, thereby increase the range of receiving of subsurface communication.In this case, typically, carrier frequency (for example is 130kHz 0.5 frame/second for monochrome 1/4 VGA that uses mpeg4 compression) within the scope of 100-200kHz.Depend in the application-specific and may and trade off, also can use other known in the document more effective coding method with acceptable demand.The technology that known in the prior art permission video image sends between mobile unit, thereby be not described in detail.
In each system of Fig. 6 to Fig. 9, electromagnetic signal is used for transmitting between the website under water.Yet just as is understood, under water, this provides relatively little scope, so in one group of mobile site can not directly communicate by letter with another.In order to expand the scope of application, can use grid network between each node, to link.Here, each jumping is accessible littler scope.Transponder is spreading range in distributed self-organizing network (grid network).Figure 10 shows a such example.This comprises mobile unit A and C, and mesh transceiver B.Though do not illustrate, grid typically comprises a plurality of such transceiver B.Each transceiver of grid has magnetic coupling electric insulation antenna, and each uses communicating of short-range propagation and other.In use, signal all sends by intermediate mesh transceiver B, rather than between mobile diver unit, directly send.Therefore, in this case, can between A and C, communicate by relaying B.
US 6058071 has described the seabed radio link to surface repeater buoy, specifically is used for to the up link of aircraft or satellite.Following part has been described the application same applicatory of surface repeater buoy, in order to link to the underwater range of expansion between buoy.In each case, surface repeater buoy is used for receiving subsea radio signal, uses conventional terrestrial radio means (for example using higher carrier frequency) to give second buoy with information relay then.
For bigger communication range is provided, can signal be sent to another from a underwater transceivers by air path waterborne.Figure 11 shows this example.In this case, each underwater wireless power station point 120 has the underwater transceivers 122 that other underwater transceivers 124 that can be connected with for example buoy 126 communicates.As previously mentioned, all underwater transceivers 122,124 have electric insulation magnetic coupling antenna, are used to allow near field electromagnetic propagation under water.What be associated with each buoy 126 is the wireless set 128 that can communicate and transmit and receive by air path electromagnetic signal with submarine receiving set.Therefore, buoy 126 can be used as air transfer forward relay station effectively, is used for transmitting original phenhydrous message or signal by air path.Make in this way, under water between the unit or by relatively sending signal between unit and the remote site under water at a distance.This is under water or the long distance of surface facilities, low data rate, the low carrier frequency telemetry and telecommand provides may.Certainly, just as is understood, only data are transferred to receiver based on the water surface from transmitter under water, rather than by based on the relay station of the water surface signal being sent to submarine receiving set from transmitter under water.Because the magnetic component of any electromagnetic signal is with the relatively low decay leap water and the border of air, so above-mentioned situation is possible.The magnetic coupling antenna has utilized this characteristic best.
Figure 12 shows the autonomous underwater vehicle 130 that comprises transceiver 132 among Fig. 1.In this case, in the housing of the vehicles, provide magnetic coupling antenna 134.What be associated with the vehicles 130 is the docking station (docking station) 136 that comprises corresponding transceiver 138.The vehicles and station transceivers 132 and 138 are set uses near field electromagnetic propagation to transmit data.In practice, this data transmission manner have only when the vehicles 130 and website 136 relative near the time (for example apart from two meters of less thaies) just can take place.This provides the very short distance that allows high data rate but the data link of high bandwidth.For example, can in 0.5 meter scope, operate in the data link of the 10Mbps that works on the carrier wave of 70MHz.
For improved adaptive faculty is provided, can in described system, use modulation scheme, wherein, come modulated carrier by a plurality of narrow-band sub-carriers, as shown in figure 13.This modulation scheme is based on OFDM (OFDM).Scattering has been showed in the path that is used for electromagnetic radiation, thus the modulation of different frequency propagate with different speed, and the different amount that decays has caused the distorted signals at the receiving system place.This effect decay under the situation of using wide-band modulation, thus scattering is more remarkable.In addition, this path can demonstrate multipath to a certain degree, and wherein, energy can be taked from object (for example seabed or bank building) reflection or pass through air or the feasible path of seabed conduction.Use a plurality of narrow-band sub-carriers to come modulation signal to allow to overcome the distortion that underwater transmission path causes.At the transmitter place, can be with the multiplexed data that form many individual channel of individual traffic.Each narrow bandwidth channel of transmission on independent frequency channels.Since the transmission frequency of each channel, the propagation delay of each channel experience different brackets.At the receiver place, remove the differential delay of each channel, and a plurality of data flow of recombinating are extracted the original wideband data flow.
Under the situation of using modulation,, signal is modulated at constitutes needed signal bandwidth on a plurality of narrow-band sub-carriers at each transmitter place.Known a lot of suitable modulation scheme (for example quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) and OFDM (OFDM)).Then the signal that is made up is modulated on the carrier wave.At the receiver place, detect signal, and be divided into identical many narrowband carriers, conversely this signal is separated the recovering information of transferring.This processing can be simulation or digital, but typically this processing is digital.Digital Implementation can adopt contrary fast Fourier transform (FFT) to form a plurality of narrow band signals to enter single carrier transmission.This can combine with the error correction coding scheme, thus redundancy is introduced digital bit stream and is allowed detection and recovery to signal corruption.
Figure 14 shows and can use another technology.This comprises the use of intersymbol protection frequency band, thereby the signal that produces from a plurality of paths does not disturb contiguous symbol.This is possible, because compare with the whole data rate of system, needed character rate is very low on each frequency.For example, the system that per second transmits 1,000,000 symbols can adopt 1000 frequency channels, can make it become possibility by using digital processing technology (for example FFT).The isolated sign speed of each channel is 1000 symbols of per second, this equates each symbol 1ms.On the distance of 1km, multipath effect will typically be less than 30 μ s, so the protection frequency band only needs the symbol lengths expansion is less than 4%.
Figure 15 shows the system that is used to allow the vehicles based on water to communicate at water surface place, especially under the situation of wave wash impinges antenna system.This has two websites 140 (for example two mobile sites), a transmitter 142 with Fig. 2, and another has the receiver 144 of Fig. 3, but in fact each can be transceiver.Many navigations system needs operate under water and on the water surface, and some are washed away by wave action regularly, as shown in figure 14.The all operations under water of for example autonomous underwater vehicle most of the time.This has just proposed problem to the communication between for example AUV and the water surface ship.Adopting typical traditional antenna (for example dipole antenna) of field coupled is invalid in the partially or even wholly water-immersed time period.Yet according to the present invention, the use of magnetic coupling antenna allows under water, waterborne with when system's communicating by letter during by wave cut.
In order to improve performance, can use automatic gain to control to handle the variation of the signal strength signal intensity that wave wash causes.Gain controlling can realize by control loop.For example, can measure received signal strength signal intensity by increasing (develop) cross-over connection in the voltage at rectification diode two ends.Can come the control amplifier gain in response to measured signal strength signal intensity, to compensate the path loss that when antenna suffers wave wash, is increased.Gain controlling can be applied to Receiver And Transmitter, additional dynamic range is provided, control transmitter power, wherein two-way link allows to determine short term signal path loss.This system can operate satisfactorily, and wherein one or more communication antennas completely or partially immerse in the water.
In all communication systems of Miao Shuing, the working signal carrier frequency will depend on concrete application in the above.Select carrier frequency according to message transmission rate and the distance that transmission must take place.For example, for the short haul connection that needs High Data Rate, can use high relatively frequency (for example greater than 1MHz).The telecommunication that becomes the problem place with attenuation loss is probably compared, and can use low relatively frequency (for example being lower than 1MHz), and be lower than 100kHz in many cases.
Another technology of using in above-mentioned underwater communications system comprises the use based on the adaptive carrier frequency of opereating specification.In this embodiment, select can be used for the information rate maximization of given signal path in order to the carrier frequency that transmits information.To the most important influence of the optimum frequency that will select will be distance between the communication system.An execution mode uses the known a plurality of fixed frequencies in all communication sites.In order at first to connect, to be transmitted on the minimum frequency and to begin.In case set up communication, system will adjust operating frequency up and down so that the data rate maximization.This can carry out based on received signal strength signal intensity.Possibility always adopts low-limit frequency to keep regularly and transmission selects to be used for the main frequency of beared information.
The electromagnetic communication system that the present invention specializes can combine with audio communication the ability of enhancing is provided.Though audio communication provides far distance capabilities, be restricted aspect their stable operations under noisy environment, and only can provide finite bandwidth.The opereating specification of electromagnetic communication is limited, but it is not subjected to the influence of acoustic noise, and has wide bandwidth capability.For example system can comprise acoustic modem and electromagnetic communication system under water described above.These two systems can combine to select communication path based on suitable standard at processing unit.These standards can comprise for example measured error rate, opereating specification, measured signal strength signal intensity or needed bandwidth considerations.
Those skilled in the art can not depart from the variation of understanding disclosed device under the situation of the present invention.For example, though Fig. 1 to 15 has described different devices respectively, be appreciated that these devices can be used in combination.In addition, described system and method usually is applied to seawater, fresh water and any saliferous synthetic between the two simultaneously, because pure relatively fresh water environment has shown the electromagnetic propagation characteristic different with seawater, so in different environment, need different operating conditions.The optimization that constitutes at specific saliferous will be conspicuous for those skilled in the art.Therefore, above-mentioned description for specific embodiment is only as example, and is not intended to restriction.Those skilled in the art are clear, can make small modification not having obviously to change under the situation of disclosed operation.

Claims (34)

1. a underwater communications system is used for electromagnetism and/or magnetic signal are transferred to remote receiver, and described system has the data input; The digital data compression device is used to compress the data that will transmit; Modulator, the data-modulated that is used for being compressed is to carrier signal; And electric insulation, magnetic coupling antenna, be used to transmit the modulation signal that is compressed.
2. underwater communications system as claimed in claim 1, the input of wherein said data comprise following at least one: the text input; Be used for the audio frequency input of capturing audio signal; Be used to catch the image input of image; And the video input that is used for capture video images.
3. underwater communications system as claimed in claim 1 or 2 comprises the display that is used to allow to check numerical data before transmission.
4. the described underwater communications system of arbitrary as described above claim comprises receiver, and described receiver has electric insulation, the magnetic coupling antenna that is used to receive the modulation signal that is compressed; The demodulator that is used for restituted signal; And the decompressor that is used for decompressed data.
5. underwater communications system as claimed in claim 4 comprises the display that is used to show decompressed data.
6. subsurface communication module as claimed in claim 4 comprises being used to generate the device that data sound is represented.
7. the described underwater communications system of arbitrary as described above claim, wherein, magnetic coupling antenna package vinculum circle and/or solenoid.
8. underwater communications system as claimed in claim 7 wherein, forms solenoid around high magnetic permeable material.
9. the described underwater communications system of arbitrary as described above claim, wherein, insulated antenna is centered on by the low conductive of material of the permittivity that the permittivity that has with propagation medium is complementary.
10. the described underwater communications system of arbitrary as described above claim, wherein transmitter antenna is operated to be used to transmit and is had the signal of 1Hz to the frequency of 100MHz scope.
11. the described underwater communications system of arbitrary as described above claim comprises transducer, the speech conversion that is used for that audio devices is captured is that digital text is used for transmission.
12. underwater communications system as claimed in claim 11 wherein, uses phonetic synthesis can listen voice in the reconstruct of receiver place.
13. a underwater communications system comprises receiver, described receiver has electric insulation, magnetic coupling antenna, is used to receive the modulation signal that is compressed; Demodulator is used for restituted signal, shows the data of being compressed; And decompressor, be used for decompressed data.
14. underwater communications system as claimed in claim 13 comprises the display that is used to show decompressed data.
15. subsurface communication module as claimed in claim 14 comprises being used to generate the device that data sound is represented.
16. a underwater communications system comprises: transmitter is used for electromagnetic signal and/or magnetic signal are transferred to remote receiver; Receiver is used for from described transmitter received signal; And transceiver in the middle of at least one, be used for receiving electromagnetism and/or magnetic signal, and it is passed to described receiver from described transmitter, wherein, at least one in the described transmitter and receiver and comprises electric insulation, magnetic coupling antenna under water.
17. underwater communications system as claimed in claim 16, wherein, at least one transceiver and has electric insulation, magnetic coupling antenna under water.
18. underwater communications system as claimed in claim 16, wherein, at least one transceiver on the water, the operation be used for signal being delivered to described receiver from described transmitter by the air borne path.
19., wherein provide a plurality of middle transceivers as the described underwater communications system of arbitrary claim in the claim 16 to 18.
20. as the described underwater communications system of arbitrary claim in the claim 16 to 19, wherein, transmitter and/or receiver move under water.
21. underwater communications system, comprise: the transmitter that is used for electromagnetic signal and/or magnetic signal are transferred to remote receiver, and be used for from the receiver of described transmitter received signal, wherein, in the described transmitter and receiver one under water and have electric insulation, magnetic coupling antenna, and another on the water.
22. underwater communications system as claimed in claim 21, wherein, website waterborne has the electric coupling antenna.
23. as claim 21 or 22 described underwater communications systems, comprise at least one transceiver on the water surface, be used for repeating signal between described transmitter and receiver.
24. underwater communications system, comprise: transmitter under water with electric insulation, magnetic coupling antenna, be used for electromagnetism and/or magnetic signal are transferred to receiver, and receiver with electric insulation, magnetic coupling antenna, be used for from the described received signal of transmitter under water, wherein said transmitter and receiver operation is to communicate in the near field.
25. the described underwater communications system of arbitrary as described above claim comprises the sound communication system with sound transmitter.
26. underwater communications system as claimed in claim 25 comprises being used to select one of electromagnetism/magnetic transmitter and sound transmitter to come the device of transmission signals.
27. the described electromagnetic communication system under water of arbitrary as described above claim wherein, uses a plurality of narrow frequency channels to come transmission information.
28. a underwater communications system comprises: transmitter is used for electromagnetism and/or magnetic signal are transferred to remote receiver; And receiver, being used for from described transmitter received signal, at least one of wherein said transmitter and receiver comprises the device that is used to change signal gain.
29., be used to carry out data compression and reduce bandwidth as the described digital underwater communications system of arbitrary claim in the claim 16 to 28.
30. the described digital underwater communications system of arbitrary as described above claim, wherein, with data-modulated to the minimum practical carrier frequency, minimizing apart from last decay.
31. the described underwater communications system of arbitrary as described above claim, operation is used for changing carrier frequency based on opereating specification.
32. underwater communications system as claimed in claim 31, configuration is used to connect; Begin transmission at first frequency; In case set up communication, just change frequency and select frequency based on received signal strength signal intensity.
33. the described underwater communications system of arbitrary as described above claim, wherein, described transmitter and receiver and is configured to make the signal path between the described transmitter and receiver to comprise air path waterborne at least in part all under water.
34. a underwater communications system has all underwater transmitter and receiver, described transmitter and receiver is configured to make the signal path between them to comprise air path waterborne at least in part.
CNA2006800267853A 2005-06-13 2006-06-09 Underwater communications system Pending CN101228719A (en)

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CN112155516A (en) * 2020-04-17 2021-01-01 中国人民解放军第二军医大学 Monitoring system for vital sign parameters of underwater human body

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GB0602398D0 (en) 2006-03-15

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