CN101227015A - Cylinder type lithium ion battery with high power rate and high safety performance - Google Patents
Cylinder type lithium ion battery with high power rate and high safety performance Download PDFInfo
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- CN101227015A CN101227015A CNA200710060179XA CN200710060179A CN101227015A CN 101227015 A CN101227015 A CN 101227015A CN A200710060179X A CNA200710060179X A CN A200710060179XA CN 200710060179 A CN200710060179 A CN 200710060179A CN 101227015 A CN101227015 A CN 101227015A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a circular lithium ion battery with high multiplying power and high safety, which is characterized in adopting LiMn2O4 or LiFePO4 as active materials of a positive plate, adopting aqueous polyethylene oxide and oily polyvinylidene fluoride as agglomerant of the positive plate, wherein current collector of the positive plate is aluminum foil whose the thickness is 10-30 mum, adopting aluminum ear whose the thickness is 0.07-0.2mm as a positive ear, adopting the positive ear as the positive plate which is positioned in center corresponding the current collector, adopting graphitic carbon material as active material of a cathode plate, adopting aqueousbutadiene styrene rubber and oily polyvinylidene fluoride as the agglomerant, a current collector of the cathode is clutch gold whose the thickness is 10-30 mum, adopting copper or nickel cathode ear whose the thickness is 0.07-0.20mm as a cathode ear, two electrode ears of the cathode plate are respectively positioned on quarter and three quarter position of the cathode plate. Compared with the traditional positive and cathode plate which adopts structure design of a monopole ear, the invention is capable of dramatically reducing internal resistance, improving multiplying power property and safety property of the battery, and having simple structure, rational design and reliable performance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of lithium ion battery, the cylindrical lithium ion battery of particularly a kind of high magnification and high safety performance.
Background technology
Advantages such as average output voltage height, specific energy are big because lithium ion battery has, discharging voltage balance and long working life, so lithium ion battery is used widely in mobile phone, notebook computer, field of cameras.Further developing of lithium ion battery is to the development of motive use type, promptly requires the performance of good high current charge-discharge and the power of Geng Gao.As everyone knows, the battery that is fit to heavy-current discharge all requires battery to have lower internal resistance, this is because the big one side of internal resistance causes internal temperature of battery sharply to rise, bring potential safety hazard and quicken the battery performance decline, in addition, because the increase of ohm voltage drop, battery voltage in discharge process drops to cut-ff voltage fast, causes the capacity of battery can't thoroughly discharge at all.Internal resistance of cell R usually
i=R
El+ R
Inf (A)+ R
Inf (C)+ R
Col (A)+ R
Col (C)+ R
Tab (A)+ R
Tab (C)These several parts are formed, wherein R
ElRepresent the electrolyte impedance, R
InRepresent electrode and electrolyte interface impedance, R
ColRepresent collector resistance, R
TabRepresent lug resistance, subscript A, C represent negative pole and positive pole respectively.At present, it still is to the improvement of raw material electronic conductivity that people study more, especially for the LiFePO that hangs down the olivine structural of electronic conductivity
4Material improves its conductance by various coatings and doping techniques, optimizes and improves from the battery design configuration aspects but seldom have.For the battery producer, raw material are mainly still provided by the manufacture of materials merchant, variable factor is less, therefore, how from the angle of process optimization, do not increase or less increase production cost of cells in, design a kind of motive-power battery that satisfies high-multiplying power discharge and safety requirements, more seem very important and necessary.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the weak point in the above-mentioned technology, provide a kind of with LiMn
2O
4And LiFePO
4Be the high magnification of positive electrode active materials and the cylindrical lithium ion battery of high safety performance.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is for achieving the above object:
The cylindrical lithium ion battery of a kind of high magnification and high safety performance comprises positive plate, negative plate, anode ear, negative electrode lug, barrier film, nonaqueous electrolytic solution, metal box hat and battery cap; It is characterized in that the active material that positive plate adopts is LiMn
2O
4Or LiFePO
4Two kinds of positive plate binding agent employing water-based polyethylene glycol oxide (PEO) and oiliness Kynoar (PVDF); The positive plate collector is an aluminium foil, and thickness is 10-30 μ m, and anode ear adopts aluminium pole ears, and thickness is 0.07-0.2mm; Adopt an anode ear in the described positive plate production process and with collector placed in the middle setting that be as the criterion; It is graphite-like carbon material that negative plate adopts active material, two kinds of binding agent employing water-based butadiene-styrene rubber (SBR) and oiliness Kynoar (PVDF); Negative current collector is a Copper Foil, and thickness is 10-30 μ m, and negative electrode lug adopts copper or nickel lug, and thickness is 0.07-0.20mm; 1/4 place and 3/4 place that adopt two lugs and be as the criterion and place negative plate respectively in the described negative plate production process with collector.
Described positive plate thickness is 100-140 μ m.
Described negative plate thickness is 80-130 μ m.
Described membrane thicknesses scope is 16-30 μ m, and the porosity of barrier film is 35%-50%.
Salinity in the described nonaqueous electrolytic solution is 1-1.5M.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: adopt monopole ear with traditional positive/negative plate, the pole piece design that is in pole piece one end and big applicator surface density is compared, and can obviously reduce the internal resistance of cell, improves the high rate performance and the security performance of battery.This method is carried out structure optimization by theory analysis, when obviously not increasing production cost of cells, search out the method that reduces the internal resistance of cell effectively, improved designed battery high rate performance and security performance, have significant practical value and economic benefit.The present invention is simple in structure, and is reasonable in design, and dependable performance has wide range of applications.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 a is traditional positive/negative plate structural representation;
The structural representation that Fig. 1 b-c progressively optimizes;
Fig. 2 a-d is one group of positive/negative plate structural representation that the present invention adopts when carrying out structure optimization;
Fig. 3 is that collector thickness influences schematic diagram to the battery thermal effect;
Fig. 4 is that the lug position influences schematic diagram to the battery thermal effect;
Fig. 5 is that the lug number influences schematic diagram to the battery thermal effect;
Fig. 6 is that battery of the present invention and traditional design battery 20A discharge performance compare schematic diagram;
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and preferred embodiment, to according to embodiment provided by the invention, structure, details are as follows for feature:
As Fig. 1~shown in Figure 6, cylindrical lithium ion battery provided by the present invention comprises positive plate, negative plate, barrier film, nonaqueous electrolytic solution, metal box hat and battery cap.Described positive plate is to be collective with the aluminium foil, scribbles the coating that positive electrode active materials, adhesive and conductive agent mix above; Described negative plate is to be collective with the Copper Foil, scribbles the coating that negative active core-shell material, adhesive and conductive agent mix above; Described barrier film is a 16-30 μ m thickness, and its porosity is 35%-50%; The present invention selects LiFePO for use
4Or LiMn
2O
4Be positive electrode active materials, selecting graphite-like carbon material for use is negative active core-shell material, and wherein anodal adhesive is selected PVDF or PEO for use, and the adhesive of negative pole is selected PVDF or SBR for use.Cell manufacturing method provided by the invention is similar with prior art, and different is to be at the beginning of the battery design, is purpose to reduce the internal resistance of cell, and the battery positive/negative plate project organization is optimized.The one, be optimized by purpose to reduce electronic impedance, mainly comprise the optimization of collector and lug, collector is mainly optimized the thickness that a little is the copper aluminium foil and is chosen, and the optimization of lug point is its material, number and residing position etc. in pole piece; The 2nd, be the optimization of purpose to reduce ionic resistance, mainly comprise the positive/negative plate coating layer thickness, optimizations such as barrier film porosity and bath composition.
At present, the positive and negative collector of lithium ion battery adopts Copper Foil and aluminium foil respectively, according to R
Col=ρ * L/ (W * T), wherein R
ColBe collector resistance, the resistivity of ρ current collector material, L collector length, W is the collector width, T is a collector thickness, and for the lithium ion battery of determining the model size, the length L of its used collector and width W have just been determined thereupon usually, therefore, can reduce collector resistance by increasing collector thickness.Be designed to example with the conventional batteries pole piece, as shown in Figure 1a, under the situation of only considering collector resistance, calculated the thermal effect (Q) of battery when heavy-current discharge and the thickness relationship of collector, as shown in Figure 3.Concrete computational process is as follows: suppose that the unit interval amount one of unit are reaction is decided to be the nmol electronics, and then overall reaction electric current I=n * F * L * W, the electric current that unit are produces is n * F, and wherein F is a Faraday constant, and L, W are as previously mentioned.Calculating chart 1a negative pole heat production Q at first
-, an end place that does not have lug with negative pole is a rectangular coordinate initial point 0, then the electric current I at any x point place
x=n * F * W * x, the resistance of Δ x is R again
x=p * Δ x/ (W * T), then the heat production dQ of negative current collector
-=(n * F * W * x)
2* p
-Dx/ (W*T) (1) carries out integration to equation (1) in the O-L scope, obtain Q at last
-=I
2* R/3.The anodal heat production Q of Fig. 1 a
+The same negative pole of rational analysis, Q
+=I
2* R
+/ 3, because the electric current of all generations all flows through both positive and negative polarity ear, then Q
Tab ±=I
2* (R
Tab++ R
Tab-).Therefore, Q=I
2* R
-/ 3+I
2* R
+/ 3+I
2* (R
Tab++ R
Tab-) (2).(W * T), with the relevant parameter substitution equation (2) of anodal, negative pole and lug, in the time of just can be in the hope of heavy-current discharge, the characteristic of current collector material be to the influence of battery thermal effect Q according to resistance general formula R=ρ * L/.Can find that from Fig. 3 improvement is limited to the battery thermal effect by increasing collector copper aluminum foil thickness, in addition, in the confined space, certainly will will reduce battery capacity if the copper aluminum foil thickness is excessive.Therefore, comprehensive multiple factor, the optimum range of copper aluminum foil thickness is 10-30 μ m.
As everyone knows, lug plays a part connected set fluid and external circuit in battery, and therefore, lug material, number and position all can influence the internal resistance of cell.From the angle of structure optimization, emphasis of the present invention is considered both influences of back.In theory, the number of lug is many more, and the internal resistance of cell is more little.But the increase of lug number, the more space that will certainly account for causes battery capacity to reduce, and in addition, the lug number is too much, the manufacturability variation of battery, production cost of cells also can increase.Therefore, the lug number that is adopted in the positive/negative plate should comprehensive multiple influencing factor.The present invention is based on the structure of positive and negative each lug of conventional batteries pole piece, on accompanying drawing 1a design basis, introduce three extreme ear structures, as accompanying drawing 2a-d.In addition, go back emphasis in the present invention and considered that the lug distributing position is to the thermal effect influence of battery when the heavy-current discharge.To the structure of positive and negative each lug, we have also listed other two kinds of typical structures, as accompanying drawing 1b-c, and to three extreme ear structures, have provided four kinds of typical lugs equally to distribute, shown in accompanying drawing 2a-d.As the analytic set fluid battery heat is imitated influence, we have carried out Theoretical Calculation and analysis respectively at above-mentioned various situations.Accompanying drawing 4 and accompanying drawing 5 have shown that respectively lug position and lug number are to the influence of battery heat effect.Can find from Fig. 4, be three extreme ear structures equally, superiority size according to the pole piece structure, should be: Fig. 2 c>2a>2d>2b, therefore, among the present invention pole piece finally be chosen to be structure shown in Fig. 2 c, promptly anodal lug is placed in the middle, two lugs of negative pole place 1/4 place and 3/4 place of negative plate respectively.Can find that from accompanying drawing 5 multipole ear will design significantly better than monopole ear.In addition, we have also calculated three kinds of typical case (Fig. 1 a-c) of positive and negative each lug, find that positive and negative lug is an optimum state in the middle of being in pole piece respectively; And by a lug collector is linked to each other with external circuit respectively at the positive/negative plate of the lithium ion battery of prior art, lug is welded on an end of pole piece respectively, promptly shown in accompanying drawing 1a; Therefore, from the angle of structure optimization, this design is not the best.
In addition, for being suitable for the requirement of big multiplying power discharging, the applicator surface density of the positive/negative plate of cylindrical lithium ion battery of the present invention has the design of optimization, and under the prerequisite that satisfies the same capability design, along with the increase of applicator surface density, positive/negative plate thickness increases.Positive plate thickness is 100-140 μ m in the present invention, negative plate thickness is 80-130 μ m, the two all is lower than traditional electrode design thickness 140-180 μ m, the purpose of this design is to shorten the ion migration distance, increase the diffusivity of ion in electrode, thereby effectively improved the high rate performance of battery.
The used barrier film of cylindrical lithium ion battery of the present invention is a 16-30 μ m thickness, and its porosity is 35%-50%.
Salinity is 1-1.5M in the used electrolyte of cylindrical lithium ion battery of the present invention, improves ionic conductivity, thereby is fit to the heavy-current discharge performance of battery more.
Embodiment 1
With spinelle (LiMn
2O
4) as positive electrode active materials, acetylene black is conductive agent, Kynoar (PVDF) is a bonding agent.The three is mixed and add 100 parts N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) in 94: 3: 3 ratios and mix well into pasty state, be evenly coated on the thick aluminium foil of 20 μ m and oven dry, be rolled into 136 μ m at last, be cut into the strip of 56 * 782mm, obtain positive plate.Be as the criterion with collector, an anode ear is welded on the centre position of pole piece, and paste protective tapes.
With the negative electrode active material graphite powder; conductive agent acetylene black and bonding agent Kynoar are even by 90: 4: 6 mixed; the N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) that adds 100 parts is mixed well into pasty state; be evenly coated on the thick Copper Foil of 15 μ m and oven dry, be rolled into 81 μ m at last, be cut into the strip of 58 * 822mm; obtain negative plate; be as the criterion with collector, two negative electrode lugs be welded on 1/4 place and 3/4 place of pole piece respectively, and paste protective tapes.
Adopt the barrier film of the thick PP/PE/PP three-decker of 20 μ m then, press the sequential volume coiled 18650 types electricity core of barrier film, positive pole, barrier film, negative pole.
Above-mentioned electric core is put into the metal box hat, and slot rolling, the weldering end, injection nonaqueous electrolytic solution, weldering are covered, are sealed, and finally are assembled into 18650 cylindrical lithium ion batteries.
Embodiment 2
LiFePO with olivine structural
4As positive electrode active materials, acetylene black is conductive agent, and Kynoar (PVDF) is a bonding agent.The three is mixed and add 100 parts N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) in 92: 4: 4 ratios and mix well into pasty state; be evenly coated on the thick aluminium foil of 20 μ m and oven dry; be rolled into 138 μ m at last; be cut into the strip of 56 * 750mm; obtain positive plate, an anode ear is welded on the centre position of pole piece and pastes protective tapes.
With the negative electrode active material graphite powder; conductive agent acetylene black and bonding agent vinylidene are even by 90: 4: 6 mixed; the N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) that adds 100 parts is mixed well into pasty state; be evenly coated on the thick Copper Foil of 15 μ m and oven dry; be rolled into 91 μ m at last; be cut into the strip of 58 * 810mm, obtain negative plate, two negative electrode lugs are welded on 1/4 place and 3/4 place of pole piece respectively and paste protective tapes.
Adopt the barrier film of the thick PP/PE/PP three-decker of 20 μ m then, press the sequential volume coiled 18650 types electricity core of barrier film, positive pole, barrier film, negative pole.
Above-mentioned electric core is put into the metal box hat, and slot rolling, the weldering end, injection nonaqueous electrolytic solution, weldering are covered, are sealed, and finally are assembled into 18650 cylindrical lithium ion batteries.
Comparative example 1
Similar to Example 1, difference is an anode ear is welded on an end of positive plate and pastes protective tapes; One negative electrode lug is welded on negative plate one end and pastes protective tapes.
Comparative example 2
Similar to Example 2, difference is an anode ear is welded on an end of positive plate and pastes protective tapes; One negative electrode lug is welded on negative plate one end and pastes protective tapes.
Comparative example 3
Similar to Example 1, difference is that positive/negative plate applicator surface density increases, and under the prerequisite of same design capacity and compacted density, last positive plate is rolled into 151 μ m, is cut into the strip of 56 * 714mm; Negative plate is rolled into 89 μ m, is cut into the strip of 58 * 754mm.
Comparative example 4
Similar to Example 1, difference is that positive/negative plate applicator surface density continues to increase on the basis of comparative example 3, and under the prerequisite of same design capacity and compacted density, last positive plate is rolled into 165 μ m, is cut into the strip of 56 * 670mm; Negative plate is rolled into 97 μ m, is cut into the strip of 58 * 710mm.
Battery performance test
At first the various batteries of making of said method are changed into and reprocessing, and adopt the internal resistance of the AC resistance tester mensuration battery of 1000Hz, carry out the test of big multiplying power discharging and security performance subsequently, method of testing is as follows:
LiMn
2O
4Battery, big multiplying power discharging: 1C CCCV, 4.2V, cut-off current 40mA, dormancy 20min uses 5A then, 10A, 20A discharges into 2.5V.
LiFePO
4Battery, big multiplying power discharging: 1C CCCV, 3.65V, cut-off current 40mA, dormancy 20min uses 5A then, 10A, 20A discharges into 2.0V.
Safety test: 1C/10V overcharges test and the hot case experiment of 150 ℃/30min.
Table 1 is that the embodiment of the invention and comparative example battery performance compare, and the internal resistance of cell that clearly adopts the present invention to make has only the traditional design internal resistance of cell about 50%, and the multiplying power discharging property of battery is better, for LiMn
2O
4Battery, the 20A discharge can reach 89.4% of initial capacity, LiFePO
4Battery, the 20A discharge can reach 102.7% of initial capacity.Comparative example 3 and comparative example 4 are the both positive and negative polarity structures that adopted after optimizing, but both positive and negative polarity applicator surface density is bigger than embodiment 1, from the increase of table 1 discovery along with applicator surface density, the internal resistance of battery rises to 15.2m Ω and 15.4m Ω by 12.7m Ω, and ascensional range reaches about 20%.High rate performance to battery also has very big influence in addition, especially 20A discharge, and the capacity that the battery of comparative example 3 and comparative example 4 is emitted has only 67.0% and 41.8% of initial capacity respectively, far below 89.4% of embodiment 1.Therefore, under the prerequisite that satisfies the design capacity requirement, the present invention is very effective to the optimization of both positive and negative polarity applicator surface density.The curve comparative advantages that Fig. 6 illustrates battery of the present invention and traditional design battery 20A discharge performance are very obvious; And the described battery of the embodiment of the invention has all passed through every safety test, the full function admirable of battery.
Table 1 embodiment of the invention and comparative example battery performance are relatively
Experiment type | Internal resistance/m Ω | 1C capacity/mAh | 5A/1C | 10A/1C | 20A/1C |
Embodiment 1 | 12.7 | 1214 | 98.8% | 97.6% | 89.4% |
Embodiment 2 | 15.2 | 1189 | 94.6% | 96.6% | 102.7% |
Comparative example 1 | 27.5 | 1206 | 96.4% | 92.1% | 76.6% |
Comparative example 2 | 32.2 | 1178 | 90.2% | 94.0% | 99.8% |
Comparative example 3 | 15.2 | 1210 | 95.6% | 91.0% | 67.0% |
Comparative example 4 | 15.4 | 1206 | 95.4% | 90.3% | 41.8% |
Above-mentioned detailed description of the cylindrical lithium ion battery of this high magnification and high safety performance being carried out with reference to embodiment; be illustrative rather than determinate; this design also can be applicable on the electrode material of other type; and be not subjected to the restriction of battery size size; therefore in the variation and the modification that do not break away under the general plotting of the present invention, should belong within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. the cylindrical lithium ion battery of high magnification and high safety performance comprises positive plate, negative plate, anode ear, negative electrode lug, barrier film, nonaqueous electrolytic solution, metal box hat and battery cap; It is characterized in that the active material that positive plate adopts is LiMn
2O
4Or LiFePO
4Two kinds of positive plate binding agent employing water-based polyethylene glycol oxide and oiliness Kynoar; The positive plate collector is an aluminium foil, and thickness is 10-30 μ m, and anode ear adopts aluminium pole ears, and thickness is 0.07-0.2mm; Described positive plate adopts an anode ear and with collector placed in the middle setting that be as the criterion; It is graphite-like carbon material that negative plate adopts active material, two kinds of binding agent employing water-based butadiene-styrene rubber and oiliness Kynoar; Negative current collector is a Copper Foil, and thickness is 10-30 μ m, and negative electrode lug adopts copper or nickel lug, and thickness is 0.07-0.20mm; 1/4 place and 3/4 place that described negative plate adopts two lugs and is as the criterion and places negative plate respectively with collector.
2. the cylindrical lithium ion battery of high magnification according to claim 1 and high safety performance is characterized in that described positive plate thickness is 100-140 μ m.
3. the cylindrical lithium ion battery of high magnification according to claim 1 and high safety performance is characterized in that described negative plate thickness is 80-130 μ m.
4. the cylindrical lithium ion battery of high magnification according to claim 1 and high safety performance is characterized in that described membrane thicknesses scope is 16-30 μ m.
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CN116577682A (en) * | 2023-07-12 | 2023-08-11 | 江苏正力新能电池技术有限公司 | Decomposition test method for direct current internal resistance of secondary battery |
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