CN101221616B - Dynamic gray level picture card laser engraving production system and method - Google Patents
Dynamic gray level picture card laser engraving production system and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a dynamic grey scale graphic card laser engraving fabrication system and method. The system comprises a laser, a controller, a head portrait shooting device, a fingerprint collector, a scanning optical system and a computer system. Firstly, the basic information of a card owner and the individual information of the card owner such as the head portrait and the fingerprint collected by a digital camera and the fingerprint collector are inputted through a computer; then an eight-bit grey scale image with due formation and size is formed through the processing of a software system, and two dimensional codes containing individual information are generated to automatically form the engraving message file of the card; at last the computer controls the switching signal of the laser, the intensity or length of laser pulse, an X,Y two dimensional vibrating mirror scanning system and an F-Theta scanning focusing lens to get a focused beam for etching on card material, thereby realizing rapid and anti-counterfeiting fabrication of the card. The invention has the advantages of simple structure, small size and long service life without water cooling. The invention can be made portable, thereby having the advantages of being not easy to be imitated with real-time fabrication. The invention is applicable to such office systems as social information management, Exit-Entry and social security, etc.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to laser retrofit technical applications, it relates to a kind of dynamic gray level picture card laser engraving production system and method.
Background technology
Laser index carving is exactly process and the method for putting on object such as information such as literal, numeral, pattern, trade marks.The researchist of the Lumonics company in Ottawa in 1970 finds that the laser instrument of TEA pulse output is well suited for being used for non-impact type mark; 1976, first table scale of the said firm was that the commodity laser marking system of Laser-mark is used for production line first.Laser-engraving technique is through the development of decades, and its application trend is gradually to the high-end market development, especially is widely used in false proof, management and sales promotion field.Comprehensive holographic printing false proof from simple sign, monolithic devices till now is made.Important certificate, the bank note of many countries (as Germany, France, Canada etc.) all adopt laser marking, engraving and holographic technique as main false proof means, are the key areas of various countries' research and development always.On high-tech product, for example Intel chip, Microsoft copyrighted software have all adopted digital antiforge laser holographic and injection moulding holographic technique.Senior laser antifalsification technology and product have huge application market.
The develop rapidly of science and technology is accompanied by the soaring of social consumptive power, and portrait card card has experienced the making change that is printed onto street corner various forms of card card monopolized store in the factory building on a large scale, has shown that all people's consumption demand changes personalized and characteristic differentiation gradually into.It is to be application industry very widely that portrait card card is made, how realize attractive in appearance, personalized and have security feature in the making of card card, and be the target of card card manufacturing technology pursuit always.It is the important developing direction that laser index carving is used that the meticulous engraving technology of laser is applied to the making of card card.Be produced on when forming new product based on the card of gray scale image card, at first lay particular emphasis on a kind of attractive in appearance, effect of being rich in visual impact of product design, next requires it to have the uniqueness of the false proof measure of personal identification customized information.For example, in order to strengthen the easy to identify and security feature of card card itself, require card card clear patterns, true to nature, well arranged, high resolving power.In addition, also to satisfy industry industrialization, market competition requirement, i.e. speed to respond to the market, just card card manufacturing speed, time and oeverall quality.In order to reach and to face new market competition structure, the present invention proposes a kind of GTG figure laser card card manufacturing system and method, it can realize the false proof and personalized quick Fabrication of card card fast, this technology is to accelerating development the laser digital holocard card manufacturing industry with China's independent intellectual property right, and boundless holocard card making industry and the application market of the prospect of exploiting market jointly has great importance.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention provides a kind of dynamic gray level picture card laser engraving production system and method, by computer control realize the card card automatically, intelligence makes, and has that manufacturing speed is fast, antifalsification reaches card well and demonstrate,proves characteristics such as beautiful interface and hommization.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: a kind of dynamic gray level picture card laser engraving production system, comprise laser instrument, controller, scanning optics and computer system, it is characterized in that described scanning optics is made up of collimation lens, XY bidimensional galvanometer scanning system and the scanning focused lens of F-Theta; Laser instrument adopts fiber laser; Described computer system also comprises human head picture digital camera, fingerprint acquisition instrument; The identity people's who is taken the photograph by the human head picture digital camera head portrait image, fingerprint acquisition instrument captured identity people's fingerprint and two-dimension code customized information are input in the computing machine, obtain focused beam etching on card card material by the power of the switching signal of computer control fiber laser, laser pulse or length and X, Y bidimensional galvanometer scanning system and the scanning focused lens of F-Theta, realize quick, the false proof making of card card; Described computer system also comprises:
A) card card customized information load module: be used to the customized information input of card card identity people's head portrait, fingerprint image and two-dimension code;
B) pre-processing image data module: eliminate the micro-image noise of introducing in digital camera imaging and the fingerprint collecting process; Improve because under-exposure, overexposure causes image blurring, distortion, unsharp effect;
C) image format conversion and convergent-divergent processing module: realize that the image that digital camera absorbed is converted into the image that laser engraving machine is discerned, to realize the compatibility of card card manufacturing process information, it is in order to satisfy the desired picture size of specific carving area that convergent-divergent is handled, realize the undistorted size conversion of image with Flame Image Process, satisfy the size of images requirement;
E) image screening module: realize image fm screening technology, purpose is in the card card manufacturing process, GTG figure is converted into bianry image and the pixel layout of image is carried out frequency modulation handle, make the quality of card card be optimized, improve mark speed, mainly adopt the RIP technology to realize the halftone process of GTG figure;
F) the synthetic processing module of card card information and form: personalized image information and basic card card information according to input generate the formatted file that card is demonstrate,proved engraving, and the control laser engraving machine is carved on given card.
A kind of dynamic gray level graph card card laser engraving method for making that is realized by said system mainly comprises the following steps:
1) start-up system is carried out initialization, utilizes the GTG plate that the GTG engraving system is tested and the result is carried out analysis-by-synthesis, and prompting is adjusted parameter and also shown testing result, and withdraws from test macro;
2) information input: input card card identity people's essential information and comprise human head picture, fingerprint and two-dimensional signal sign indicating number by computer control input card card identity people's personalized image information;
3) image to input carries out format conversion and handles with convergent-divergent: by image format conversion and convergent-divergent processing module form that digital camera absorbs is converted into the also scalable picture size size that becomes card to demonstrate,prove requirement of gray scale image for the JPG image;
4) image information of input is carried out pre-service: by the pre-processing image data module, adopt the intermediate value of airspace filter and the algorithm of mean filter picture combination, comprise offseting and remove the micro-image noise introduced in digital camera imaging and the fingerprint collecting process and because under-exposure, overexposure causes image blurring, distortion, unsharp effect handles;
5) fm screening that carries out image is handled: by image screening module, adopt a kind of based on adaptive error diffusion frequency-modulation screening method, the layout of binaryzation pixel in image carried out frequency modulation to be handled promptly: the halftone process of carrying out GTG figure, make image can take into account the relation of carving speed and quality as requested, realize card card making optimization;
6) block the synthetic card card formatted file that generates control laser engraving machine engraving of handling of card information;
7) make file according to the card card that generates, power, X, Y two galvanometer scanning systems and the scanning focused lens of F-Theta of accurately controlling the fiber laser laser pulse by computing machine obtain focused beam and carry out quick etching on card card materials, block card and generate;
8) judge whether as requested to carve once more and make same card card, and if return step 7);
9) whether need to continue the card card and make, and if return step 2), otherwise withdraw from manufacturing system.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: laser engraving portrait card card, solving crucial problem is " anti-counterfeit recognition security mechanism ", the anti-counterfeiting technology on the card singly is not meant the false proof design on the surface of card, and realizes the comprehensive integrated anti-counterfeiting technology of body.Method of the present invention, not only can be under the lower laser engraving machine of output device resolution, realize the high-quality making of card card real-time, and the card card that adopts this method to make can also realize that vision is false proof and instrument identification is false proof, satisfies society the card card is made high-quality technical requirement.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the dynamic gray level picture card laser engraving production system structure principle chart;
Fig. 2 is the computer system software block diagram;
Fig. 3 is dynamic gray level graph card card laser engraving method for making process flow diagram;
Fig. 4 self application dynamic error diffusion process synoptic diagram;
Fig. 5 bilateral scanning method synoptic diagram.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, further set forth the present invention.Should be understood that these embodiment only to be used to the present invention is described and be not used in and limit the scope of the invention.Should be understood that in addition those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications the present invention after the content of having read the present invention's instruction, these equivalent form of values fall within the application's appended claims institute restricted portion equally.
By shown in Figure 1, a kind of dynamic gray level picture card laser engraving production system, comprise laser instrument 1, controller 2, scanning optics and computer system 3, it is characterized in that described scanning optics is made up of collimation lens 4, XY bidimensional galvanometer scanning system 5 and the scanning focused lens 6 of F-Theta; Laser instrument adopts fiber laser; Described computer system also comprises human head picture digital camera 7, fingerprint acquisition instrument 8; Take the photograph to such an extent that identity people's head portrait image, fingerprint acquisition instrument 8 captured identity people's fingerprint and two-dimension code customized information is input in the computer system 3 by human head picture digital camera 7, obtain focused beam etching on card card material by the power of the switching signal of computer control fiber laser 1, laser pulse or length and X, Y bidimensional galvanometer scanning system 5 and the scanning focused lens 6 of F-Theta, realize quick, the false proof making of card card.By shown in Figure 2, described computer system also comprises: card card customized information load module, pre-processing image data module, image format conversion and convergent-divergent processing module, image screening module and card card information and the synthetic processing module of form.
By shown in Figure 3, carry out initialization in system, block the engraving test of card GTG and the result is carried out analysis-by-synthesis, show whether intellectuality is reminded will carry out system's adjustment.After the input card card identity people's of system essential information, the personalized image information of being demonstrate,proved the identity people by the computer control input card comprises human head picture and fingerprint etc., and carries out the format conversion and the image gray processing processing of image.In order to eliminate the picture noise introduced in digital camera imaging process and the fingerprint collecting process and to improve because under-exposure, overexposure causes image blurring, distortion, unsharp effect, image information to input is carried out pre-service, and carry out undistorted scaled and handle, satisfy the desired picture size of particular card card carving area.Secondly image being carried out fm screening handles.Adopt the RIP technology to realize the halftone process of GTG figure, make image can take into account the relation of carving speed and engraving quality as requested, the pixel layout of image is carried out frequency modulation handle; Block the synthetic processing of card information at last, generate the card card formatted file of control laser engraving machine engraving; Make file according to the card card that generates, power, X, Y two galvanometer scanning systems and the scanning focused lens of F-Theta of accurately controlling the fiber laser laser pulse by computing machine obtain focused beam and carry out quick etching on card card materials, block card and generate.In the manufacturing process of card card, at first input card card identity people's essential information on software system interface is absorbed customized informations such as number of people image and fingerprint by the computer control image acquisition equipment again, and is input in the computing machine in predefined position.Because imaging circumstances and condition is different, all can noisyly disturb from each link of obtaining, being transferred to processing of image.Therefore must carry out filter preprocessing to image before image is handled, it is the precondition and guarantee that card card high-quality is made.Because frequency domain filtering is to remove noise by the high frequency composition that filters image, it also can lose image when removing noise detailed information makes image blur, and the frequency domain transform operand is bigger in addition.So adopt the average of airspace filter and method that medium filtering combines that image is carried out pre-service here, remove the noise of image.
Mean filter is the most frequently used a kind of linear filter method, because the shortcoming of linear filtering is also to have blured entire image, particularly edge of image and details when reducing noise, therefore directly uses mean filter to be unfavorable for the extraction at edge.The present invention proposes a kind of algorithm of improved mean filter image is handled.
In general mean filter is the average of extract operation neighborhood of pixel points successively and make image blurring, the value of reservation original pixel point with good conditionsi if we do not get average, promptly have only when the territory average is greater than a certain threshold value near the value of pixel, just get the value of neighborhood average for this point, otherwise the value of this point remains unchanged, and noise can not blured and remove to this sampled images just.
Same, because medium filtering is got in its filter window the value through the intermediate pixel after the ordering, and do not have necessary relation with the value of original pixel point.If so some details in the image, it is middle that the ordering back will not have pixel to come in image, these details will be corroded even disappear after the filtering so.So establish a threshold value during our underway value filtering operation earlier, the intermediate value of just getting neighborhood during greater than threshold value when the difference of the value of having only this point and neighborhood intermediate value, otherwise just keep the value of this point.Like this, if noise spot, the intermediate value of it and neighborhood will differ bigger, just can remove it.Customized information to the card card, the point that also has details itself in the neighborhood, so the value of the intermediate value of neighborhood and this point just can not differ too big, as long as we are provided with appropriate threshold, just can keep the value of this point, and make after the processing image both filtering noise guaranteed the clear and levels are rich of image.
Because the gray scale image laser engraving relates to the technology and the technology of every aspect, for system being tested and the laser engraving effect of passing judgment on different gray-scale pixels points, in system, made the GTG plate of standard of the method for software, its gray level is from totally 256 grades of 0-255, and system software can carry out convergent-divergent according to required ratio to the size of gray scale plate, and satisfied card card is made preceding test and adjustment requirement to system.
In the preprocessing process of image, consider that the photo that digital camera is taken is chromatic image, imaging system and shooting process environment can be influential to image, as colour cast, under-exposure, overexposure and image contrast and histogram distribution are unbalanced etc., after software processing system proposed by the invention converts the 8bit GTG figure of standard to image, the point processing algorithm of establishment GTG figure, can realize the gray scale linear transformation of image, window greyscale transformation, grey level stretching and gray balance etc., improve the quality of 8bit GTG figure, make Flame Image Process can reach obvious improvement because under-exposure, overexposure causes image blurring, distortion, unsharp effect.
For the two-value equipment of laser engraving, handled image is binary map, for the manufacturing speed and the quality that improve the card card must be handled it with the method for screening.Amplitude modulation net and frequency-modulation halftone dot respectively have its relative merits.The amplitude modulation site is owing to self have certain site size and specific rule mesh, therefore in the real image halftone process, the reproduction of picture tone is very regular, can not produce texture, the image of engraving seems very clean, especially particularly outstanding for the performance of the intermediate level, but the characteristic that also has mesh number and net angle just because of it, in actual treatment, different nets angle, if and the slightly variant half tone image mutual superposition of mesh number will be easy to produce optic interference, be called " moire " or " hitting net ", the site of amplitude modulation simultaneously is owing to the characteristic that also has dot shape, in the process that the consecutive image gray-level changes, dot shape also can change with the variation of jet nit point size, is easy to cause the saltus step of Continuous Gray Scale level and loses phenomenon.These common " moire " all are to avoid as far as possible and do not allow taking place with level saltus step phenomenon in actual applications.
And for frequency-modulation halftone dot, because the site of frequency-modulation halftone dot size is fixing (generally to be output device pixel size, no mesh number), network point distribution is a randomized jitter, therefore it has avoided the drawback of amplitude modulation site peculiar " moire " and level saltus step fully, but thereupon can produce the other problem, be mainly reflected on the distribution character of site at random, because the distribution of frequency-modulation halftone dot is a completely random, the effect that image is had sharpening, on the intermediate level of continuous toned image, be easy to generate the texture of stochastic effects, and can produce " worm " texture on the level at shallow accent level and dark the accent, these textures are that randomness is difficult to avoid, simultaneously because the idea size of frequency-modulation halftone dot in most cases is a single physical equipment point, therefore, under the bad situation of output physics equipment state, be easy to lose the site, especially transfer on the level deeply in shallow mediation, modulating net will be lost level on gradation reproduction, can't well go back original image.The invention provides a kind of based on adaptive error diffusion frequency-modulation screening method at these characteristics.This method can be divided under the lower situation of pigtail rate at output device, also can solve the problem that the site level is lost easily effectively, and can reduce the texture that brings because of random distribution nature simultaneously, thereby can make the half tone image of laser engraving fully represent the gray level image that gray-level is abundant.
Utilize traditional error diffusion method, the dither image of acquisition is all satisfied aspect tone reproduction and resolving power, and grayscale transition is more natural, but also has following shortcoming: moire occurs near 50% site; Appear at high light and shadow position with the relevant hysteresis phenomenon of processing direction; Transition and false contouring phenomenon appear in interface and boudary portion.Analyze reason wherein, find that traditional error decentralized algorithm adopts the FS filter coefficient that quantization error is distributed according to fixing ratio, and fixing error coefficient causes phenomenons such as the loss of detail, pattern distortion, the increase of image granularity of image easily, the profile information of having ignored image like this causes the generation of false contouring easily.Therefore the present invention designs from the characteristic that changes wave filter, according to the variation of image pixel, dynamically changes the proportional distribution coefficient of wave filter, has proposed a kind of adaptive dynamic error broadcast algorithm.
The essence of this algorithm is the same with error-diffusion method, also be current error pixel according to a certain percentage partition factor be diffused into adjacent pixels and get on, but its coefficient of diffusion is constantly to change, and represents the process of its diffusion, wherein x as Fig. 4
M, nRepresent current gray-scale value, if we are according to traditional error diffusion method, the error diffusion scale-up factor is always maximum on the level of current gray level value and vertical direction, if x
M, nThe adjacent pixel x of level
M+1, nVertical adjacent pixel x with it
M, n+1When already enough big,, will cause false contouring like this above them, cause image fault if more most error diffusion is gone.The present invention does following processing:
e
1＝|x
m+1，n-x
m，n|
e
2＝|x
m+1，n+1-x
m，n|
e
3＝|x
m，n+1-x
m，n|
e
4=| x
M-1, n+1-x
M, n| e wherein
1, e
2, e
3, e
4Expression current pixel x
M, nThe four pixel x that are adjacent
M+1, n, x
M+1, n+1, x
M, n+1, x
M-1, n+1Absolute difference, distribute coefficient of diffusion on all directions according to detected difference, the direction of difference maximum adopts minimum coefficient of diffusion, on the contrary, the direction of difference minimum adopts maximum coefficient of diffusion.If detect e
1〉=e
2〉=e
3〉=e
4, then get error dispersion coefficient h (1,0)=1/16, h (1,1)=3/16, h (0,1)=5/16, h (1,1)=7/16 has so just finished adaptive dynamic error diffusion.
Here scan former pixel count according to the time, because the site frequency generation interference of direction of scanning and stochastic distribution, take the method for bilateral scanning, as shown in Figure 5 for avoiding.
In implementation process, adopt following equipment:
(1) the digital camera model is: the commercially available digital camera that 3,000,000 pixels are above, and Nikon 5400;
(2) fingerprint acquisition system is: the ck600 fingerprint acquisition instrument;
(3) laser instrument is: high repetition frequency, diode pumped solid state laser 1064nm or 532nm, power be greater than 6 watts, high light beam quality M
2＜2;
(4) computer system: Lenovo Qitian M4880 (P4631 512s80VN (XP)) processor type: Pentium 4 631 nominal dominant frequency (MHz): 3000 allocate memory capacity (MB): 512 hard-disk capacities: 80GB type of display: display sizes: 17 inches.
Claims (3)
1. dynamic gray level picture card laser engraving production system, comprise laser instrument, controller, scanning optics and computer system, it is characterized in that described scanning optics is made up of collimation lens, XY bidimensional galvanometer scanning system and the scanning focused lens of F-Theta; Laser instrument adopts the semiconductor pumped all solid state laser of high repetition frequency; Described computer system also comprises human head picture digital camera, fingerprint acquisition instrument; The identity people's who is taken the photograph by the human head picture digital camera head portrait image, fingerprint acquisition instrument captured identity people's fingerprint and two-dimension code customized information are input in the computing machine, obtain focused beam etching on card card material by the power of the switching signal of the semiconductor pumped all solid state laser of computer control, laser pulse or length and X, Y bidimensional galvanometer scanning system and the scanning focused lens of F-Theta, realize quick, the false proof making of card card; Described computer system also comprises:
A) card card customized information load module: be used to the customized information input of card card identity people's head portrait, fingerprint image and two-dimension code;
B) pre-processing image data module: eliminate the micro-image noise of introducing in digital camera imaging and the fingerprint collecting process; Improve because under-exposure, overexposure causes image blurring, distortion, unsharp effect;
C) image format conversion and convergent-divergent processing module: realize that the image that digital camera absorbed is converted into the image that laser engraving machine is discerned, to realize the compatibility of card card manufacturing process information, it is in order to satisfy the desired picture size of specific carving area that convergent-divergent is handled, realize the undistorted size conversion of image with Flame Image Process, satisfy the size of images requirement;
E) image screening module: realize image fm screening technology, purpose is in the card card manufacturing process, GTG figure is converted into bianry image and the pixel layout of image is carried out frequency modulation handle, make the quality of card card be optimized, improve mark speed, mainly adopt the RIP technology to realize the halftone process of GTG figure;
F) the synthetic processing module of card card information and form: personalized image information and basic card card information according to input generate the formatted file that card is demonstrate,proved engraving, and the control laser engraving machine is carved on given card.
2. a dynamic gray level graph card card laser engraving method for making mainly comprises the following steps:
1) start-up system is carried out initialization, utilizes the GTG plate that the GTG engraving system is tested and the result is carried out analysis-by-synthesis, and prompting is adjusted parameter and also shown testing result, and withdraws from test macro;
2) information input: input card card identity people's essential information and comprise human head picture, fingerprint and two-dimensional signal sign indicating number by computer control input card card identity people's personalized image information;
3) image to input carries out format conversion and handles with convergent-divergent: by image format conversion and convergent-divergent processing module form that digital camera absorbs is converted into the also scalable picture size size that becomes card to demonstrate,prove requirement of gray scale image for the JPG image;
4) image information of input is carried out pre-service: by the pre-processing image data module, adopt the algorithm of intermediate value and the combination of mean filter picture, comprise offseting and remove the micro-image noise introduced in digital camera imaging and the fingerprint collecting process and because under-exposure, overexposure causes image blurring, distortion, unsharp effect handles;
5) fm screening that carries out image is handled: by image screening module, adopt a kind of based on adaptive error diffusion frequency-modulation screening method, the layout of binaryzation pixel in image carried out frequency modulation to be handled promptly: the halftone process of carrying out GTG figure, make image can take into account the relation of carving speed and quality as requested, realize card card making optimization;
6) block the synthetic card card formatted file that generates control laser engraving machine engraving of handling of card information;
7) make file according to the card card that generates, power, X, Y two galvanometer scanning systems and the scanning focused lens of F-Theta of accurately controlling the fiber laser laser pulse by computing machine obtain focused beam and carry out quick etching on card card materials, block card and generate;
8) judge whether as requested to carve once more and make same card card, and if return step 7);
9) whether need to continue the card card and make, and if return step 2), otherwise withdraw from manufacturing system.
3. dynamic gray level graph card card laser engraving method for making according to claim 2 is characterized in that with the GTG plate of software approach production standard, its gray level is from totally 256 grades of 0-255.
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| DE102012015382A1 (en) * | 2012-08-02 | 2014-02-06 | Bundesdruckerei Gmbh | Method for engraving images by means of radiation in a radiation-sensitive layer, in particular for laser engraving |
| CN102930314A (en) * | 2012-10-18 | 2013-02-13 | 陈文魁 | Application of two-dimensional code on ornament carrier |
| CN103394808B (en) * | 2013-07-18 | 2015-08-19 | 无锡锐玛克科技有限公司 | Multistation laser engraving machine |
| CN104112152A (en) * | 2013-10-30 | 2014-10-22 | 北京安捷天盾科技发展有限公司 | Two-dimensional code generation device, human image identification device and identity verification device |
| CN104827781B (en) * | 2015-04-30 | 2016-06-15 | 深圳市创鑫激光股份有限公司 | A kind of laser marking method, laser marking machine and system |
| WO2016173204A1 (en) | 2015-04-30 | 2016-11-03 | 深圳市创鑫激光股份有限公司 | Laser marking apparatus, laser marking method, marking equipment, and marking system |
| CN104999812B (en) * | 2015-06-25 | 2016-05-25 | 深圳市创鑫激光股份有限公司 | A kind of laser marking machine control method and device |
| CN109151280A (en) * | 2018-09-19 | 2019-01-04 | 北京文香信息技术有限公司 | A kind of lossless full HD video camera of 4K resolution ratio |
| CN109159137B (en) * | 2018-11-05 | 2024-02-27 | 南京特沃斯清洁设备有限公司 | Floor washing robot capable of evaluating floor washing effect through video |
| CN110060194B (en) * | 2019-04-19 | 2023-04-28 | 南京林业大学 | Image self-adaptive information hiding method |
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| JP特开平11-78386A 1999.03.23 |
| JP特开平5-309483A 1993.11.22 |
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