CN101221009A - Method for using microwave drying detonator - Google Patents
Method for using microwave drying detonator Download PDFInfo
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- CN101221009A CN101221009A CNA2008100544912A CN200810054491A CN101221009A CN 101221009 A CN101221009 A CN 101221009A CN A2008100544912 A CNA2008100544912 A CN A2008100544912A CN 200810054491 A CN200810054491 A CN 200810054491A CN 101221009 A CN101221009 A CN 101221009A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method which uses microwaves to dry explosive. The method is that an undried finished detonator with 5 to 20 percent of water content is equally laid onto a drying plate, and the material thickness is 15 to 30mm, then the detonator is put into a microwave to carry out microwave drying in a condition with the vacuum degree of 0.080 to 0.085 MPa and the microwave power of 500 to 5000W. The drying method of the invention is suitable for drying RDX, HMX, PETN, NQ and TNT, etc. various single compound explosives. The complete drying time of the explosive is between 1000 and 2000s, which is far less than a normal static plate drying method by 7 to 8 hours, and the water content of the explosive is less than 0.01 percent after being dried.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the drying means of explosive, particularly relate to the method for microwave drying of explosive.The present invention specifically be utilize microwave vacuum drying technology to explosive particularly single chmical compound explosive carry out drying.
Background technology
Microwave is meant that wavelength is enough short, and consequently the electromagnetic wave of energy practical application waveguide resonant cavity technology in transmitting and receiving has comprised the wave-length coverage from 1mm to 1000mm, and corresponding frequency band is 3 * 10
5MHz to 3 * 10
2MHz is a very broad frequency resource.Microwave has straightline propagation, space attenuation and the characteristic good to metallic reflection, in World War II, be applied to the military radar device after, obtained rapidly development, gradually extensive use in current communication, TV and remote measurement, remote sensing.
Heating using microwave is meant that dielectric material absorbs microwave energy and is translated into heat energy.The fuel factor of microwave is found later relatively, and the staff of U.S. Raytheon Co. (Raytheon) moored the fuel factor that western Edward Spencer has been found microwave in 1945, and in the same year, American Spencer.P.L. has applied for first patent of microwave heating technique.Nineteen fifty-five, the safe Columbia Broadcasting System of the U.S. has released first micro-wave oven in the world to market, and nineteen sixty-five, U.S. Crydry company has developed high power magnetron, makes microwave heating technique be in full swing in Application in Food Industry.
Utilizing microwave to carry out the high temperature heating began in the seventies in 20th century.Microwave energy is compared with other heating energy source as a kind of new heating energy source, has incomparable superiority.At present, microwave heating technique is used gradually in industries such as food, leather, timber, colored printing, paper, chemical industry, pottery, medicine, tobacco leaf, building materials, rubber and medical treatment, and has obtained good economic and social benefit.
Especially in food-processing industry, microwave heating technique is very wide in the development prospect in dry and sterilization field.
States such as U.S., method, Japan begin to carry out the research of industrialized microwave vacuum dehydration dry technology and the exploitation of drying equipment the eighties in 20th century, and have obtained good research effect.California, USA university and certain company cooperate, and process Zante currant with micro-wave vacuum equipment, and the hot-air seasoning of 65 ℃ of traditional handicrafts, 24h is become 50 ℃, the micro-wave vacuum of 5h, and product quality improves greatly.Microwave vacuum dryer (2450MHz, 48Kw) the processing instant tangerine powder of France international microwave company to make, product has not only kept original color, and the reservation of its vitamin is far above spray-drying.
Chinese scholars has been carried out many research aspect the principle of microwave drying, as (grain and oil processing and food machinery .2000 such as Yang Zhou, 5 (3): 5-6) analyzed the distribution and the variation of temperature in the microwave drying with analytic method, (Journal of Food Science.2003 such as N.Miura, 68 (4): 1396-1403) studied the electrolysis characteristic of solid-liquid body in microwave, Kim, (Journal of Food Engineering.1995 such as S.S., 24 (1): 137-148) studied the diffusion of moisture in the microwave drying, T.Constant etc. have simulated heating using microwave and dry process (AICHE Journal.1996,42 (2): 359-368).R.Y.Ofoli etc. simulated food thermodynamic parameter in the microwave drying change (Journal of Food Processing and Preservation.1998,12:219-241).Also had scholar's research and absorbed the empirical equation of microwave energy size, analysis mode the temperature field of two-dimentional heating using microwave distribute.
Though China starts late aspect microwave drying, but many in recent years researchers have obtained a large amount of achievements at aspects such as microwave drying sugarcane dish, paddy, silk cocoon, tealeaves, honeysuckle, chrysanthemum, ginkgo leaf, medicine, grape seed, chick-pea by a large amount of experimental studies.Because the chemical composition of raw material sugarcane and beet is quite complicated, except that moisture and sugar, also have tens kinds of non-saccharic compositions, therefore traditional medical cane sugar production all will be passed through secondary operations.And the medical cane sugar production method of CN1326003A report has guaranteed the quality and the sanitary condition of product owing to adopt microwave drying technology to carry out drying.
But a disadvantage of microwave drying is to occur superheated easily, and local temperature may be above 100 ℃.And in reality is produced, it is can not be withering under hot conditions that many article such as high-grade Chinese medicinal herbses such as some medicines, chemicals, nutraceutical and genseng, pilose antler are arranged, in order to guarantee product quality, its dry processing must be carried out under the lower condition of temperature, does not descend with the quality that keeps heat sensitive materials such as food, medicine.
Explosive be a kind of can not be high temperature resistant or the material that changes of character at high temperature, conventional explosive furnace drying method often adopts heated air seasoning.During for example dry RDX,, for safety, often adopt static disc type seasoning, in vacuum shelf dryer, place some aluminium dishes because the sensitivity of RDX is higher, the RDX that splendid attire is to be dried, vacuum keeps greater than 53.2kPa.During the RDX of dry not passivation, temperature is 70～80 ℃, drying time 7～8h; The RDX temperature of dry passivation will be hanged down, general 50～65 ℃, softening to prevent passivator, drying time 18～20h.Behind the cooling discharge, the moisture of RDX should be below 0.1%.In order to prevent that the accidental collision of ferrous metal from producing spark, the device of dry RDX and instrument will be coated with the iron and steel of non-ferrous metal as material with non-ferrous metal or surface.This traditional static disc type seasoning rate of drying is slow, and drying time is long, and energy consumption is big, uses inconvenience in industrial production.
Someone advises adopting the dry RDX of boiled bed drying method, and this method is deposited dose than static disc type seasoning much less in drying process, and rate of drying is also fast.But the friction of RDX particle and dry gas stream produces electrostatic hazard for fear, so formally do not use always.
Murray, experiments such as F.J. show that detonation, detonation or decomposition do not take place energetic material under low power microwave and high power microwave radiation, therefore, be possible with microwave applications in the explosive drying.
Microwave drying for explosive then rarely has research, (energetic material .2006,14 (4): 283-285) once TNT was carried out the microwave drying test, and proved the feasibility of microwave drying detonator such as the Zuo Jun of China Engineering Physics Research Institute.Hayes, (JANNAF Propellant Development ﹠amp such as R.W.; CharacterizationSubcommittee and Safety ﹠amp; Environmental Protection Subcommittee JointMeeting.1998 1:345-356) has proposed to melt from ammunition with microwave the technology of explosive.Murray, F.J. wait the microwave absorption coefficient of lead azide, lead styphnate, nitrocellulose, black powder, B explosive, Tai'an sample is tested, think essentially no strong resonance absorbing peak in 2.5～18GHz scope, low powder pulsed microwave (≤1kw/cm
2) above-mentioned explosive can not detonate.
Therefore, microwave drying technology is applied in the dry run of explosive, very significant meaning is arranged for the rate of drying, the energy savings that improve explosive.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of method of utilizing microwave drying detonator,, cut down the consumption of energy to improve the drying efficiency of explosive.
The present invention utilizes the concrete grammar of microwave drying detonator to be:
With moisture content is that 5～20% not dry finished product explosive is tiled in the basin, and material bed thickness is 15～30mm, puts into micro-wave oven, is 0.080～0.085MPa in vacuum, and microwave power is to carry out microwave drying under the condition of 500～5000w.
The present invention utilizes the method for microwave drying detonator to be suitable for dry multiple single chmical compound explosive, mainly comprises RDX (RDX), HMX (HMX), Tai'an (PETN), nitroguanidine (NQ), molten molten TNT (TNT) etc.
For the safe and reliable and data that guarantee microwave drying are accurate, the present invention has installed infrared radiation thermometer in micro-wave oven, by infrared radiation thermometer the microwave drying process of explosive is monitored.Monitoring finds that in the dry run of explosive, the heating rate when material begins is very fast, but because moisture is less, temperature can slowly descend after peaking, and moisture also slowly scatters and disappears.When moisture content＜0.01%, when moisture scattered and disappeared fully, then explosive began to absorb microwave, and temperature raises once more, but heating rate is less.This be since the dielectric constant of explosive much smaller than the dielectric constant of water, to the unconspicuous cause of the absorption of microwave.Experiment shows that the temperature of charge in the dry run is up to 45～60 ℃.
Utilize the dry various single chmical compound explosives of method for microwave drying of the present invention, the bone dry time of explosive, much smaller than 7～8h of the static disc type drying means of routine, and the moisture content of dry back explosive was less than 0.01% between 1000～2000s.
Micro-wave vacuum can make the material rapid draing under lower temperature that is dried, and it is temperature required low to have a material handling, advantage such as rate of drying is fast, and dried materials quality is good.Micro-wave vacuum combines microwave drying and two technology of vacuum drying, given full play to their advantages separately, utilized dielectric heating principle, directly object has been heated with microwave, rely on high-frequency electromagnetic to vibrate the trigger molecule motion, make object itself become a heater and generate heat; Under vacuum environment, the heat transfer of water or solvent molecule is relatively easy, thereby has shortened drying time greatly, has improved production efficiency.Therefore, micro-wave vacuum is a low temperature, dry technology fast, has very important using value in the drying of temperature-sensitive material, inflammable and explosive dangerous material.
Compare the uniform drying of micro-wave vacuum, thermal efficiency height with the traditional drying method.Opposite with the traditional drying mode, micro-wave vacuum has the thermograde of pointing to the material surface, can promote moisture to remove from material inside, improves rate of drying; Micro-wave vacuum makes material itself become thermal source, and since the material skin temperature towards periphery the heat loss of medium be lower than internal temperature, have higher rate of drying; Because microwave has stronger penetrability, can be from the inner heating of material, heat time heating time is short, and firing rate is fast, to complex-shaped material homogeneous heating, and control easily.
The present invention is applied to micro-wave vacuum in the dry run of explosive, and for the rate of drying and the product quality that improve explosive, energy savings all has very significant meaning, for the application of the dry energetic material of industrialization provides technical foundation.
The sensitivity of explosive is to characterize explosive to be subjected to the complexity that outside energy was blasted as the time spent.Usually the outside energy effect that runs into has heat, mechanical impact, friction, shock wave, electricity, light and other effects.The explosive of different purposes has different requirements to its various sensitivity, require its mechanical sensitivity low to high explosive, and shock sensitivity is suitable, so that blast as required accurately and reliably.Then according to different purposes, require to have suitable sensitivity for priming.
The present invention has measured the complexity of blasting when explosive RDX is subjected to mechanical impact before and after microwave irradiation.The experiment explosive payload is 30mg, adopts the 10kg weight, at 250mm highly to without the RDX of microwave irradiation with carry out impact sensitivity through the RDX of microwave irradiation (microwave power is 700w, and irradiation time is 10min) and measure.Represent impact sensitivity with blast percentage: testing 25 times is one group, and the number of times of wherein blasting is n, blast %=n/25 * 100%.On same equipment, carry out simultaneously without irradiation with through two groups of samples that shine.
Experimental data such as following table.
Impact sensitivity delta data before and after the table 1RDX microwave irradiation
| Medicine | Percussion device blast percentage/% |
| Pass through the RDX of microwave irradiation without the RDX of microwave irradiation | 100 92 |
By last table data as can be known, microwave irradiation can not increase the impact sensitivity of RDX, even may reduce the impact sensitivity of RDX.Though do not have the more accurate reduction that experimental results show that impact sensitivity owing to microwave irradiation causes, confirmable is that microwave irradiation can not increase the impact sensitivity of RDX.Therefore, the microwave radiation does not have obvious influence to the mechanical sensitivity of RDX, and adopting micro-wave vacuum RDX is safe and feasible.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
With moisture content is that 5% RDX finished product 10g is tiled in the glass surface ware lay-up thickness of feed layer 15mm.Material is put into micro-wave oven, and regulating vacuum is 0.08MPa, with the power microwave irradiation of 500w, obtains moisture content behind the dry 1020s less than 0.01% dry RDX explosive.By the infrared radiation thermometer test, the temperature of charge in the dry run is 50 ℃.
Embodiment 2
At vacuum 0.082MPa, microwave power 1400w, under the condition of material bed thickness 20mm, microwave irradiation 1000g moisture content is 10% HMX.Heating rate was very fast when material began, but because moisture is less, can slowly descend after temperature peaks, and moisture also slowly scatters and disappears, and was 52 ℃ by infrared radiation thermometer test temperature of charge.The bone dry time of HMX is 1250s, and dried HMX explosive moisture content is less than 0.01%.
Embodiment 3
At vacuum 0.085MPa, microwave power 2000w, under the condition of material bed thickness 20mm, microwave irradiation 500g moisture content is 10% PETN.Infrared radiation thermometer test material temperature is 52 ℃.The bone dry time of PETN is 1050s, and dry back explosive moisture content is less than 0.01%.
Embodiment 4
200g finished product NQ (moisture content is 15%) is tiled in the glass surface ware with the material bed thickness of 25mm, puts into micro-wave oven, vacuum is adjusted to 0.085MPa, under the condition of microwave power 2800w, shine.The bone dry time of NQ is 1120s, and testing its temperature by infrared radiation thermometer is 52 ℃, and dry back explosive moisture content is less than 0.01%.
Embodiment 5
5000g finished product RDX (moisture content is 18%) is tiled in five special microwave drying dishes, material bed thickness 25mm puts into the material frame of micro-wave oven, and vacuum is adjusted to 0.085MPa, with the microwave power irradiation 1520s of 3500w, dried RDX explosive moisture content is less than 0.01%.
Embodiment 6
With moisture content is that 18% HMX finished product 1000g is tiled in the glass surface ware lay-up thickness of feed layer 25mm.Material is put into micro-wave oven, and regulating vacuum is 0.08MPa, carries out microwave irradiation with the power of 4500w, obtains moisture content behind the dry 1580s less than 0.01% dry HMX explosive.
Embodiment 7
At vacuum 0.082MPa, microwave power 1500w, under the condition of material bed thickness 18mm, microwave irradiation 1000g moisture content is 17% TNT.By infrared radiation thermometer test material temperature is 54 ℃.The bone dry time of TNT is 1340s, and dry back explosive moisture content is less than 0.01%.
Embodiment 8
200g finished product PETN (moisture content is 20%) is tiled in the glass surface ware with the material bed thickness of 20mm, puts into micro-wave oven, vacuum is adjusted to 0.08MPa, under the condition of microwave power 3000w, shine.The bone dry time of PETN is 1260s, and dry back explosive moisture content is less than 0.01%.
Claims (5)
1. a method of utilizing microwave drying detonator is under vacuum condition, adopts microwave that explosive is carried out drying.
2. the method for utilizing microwave drying detonator according to claim 1 is characterized in that explosive is tiled in the basin, puts into micro-wave oven, in vacuum 0.080～0.085MPa, carries out microwave drying under the condition of microwave power 500～5000w.
3. the method for utilizing microwave drying detonator according to claim 1, the material bed thickness that it is characterized in that being tiled in the basin is 15～30mm.
4. the method for utilizing microwave drying detonator according to claim 1 is characterized in that the temperature of charge in the dry run is up to 45～55 ℃.
5. the method for utilizing microwave drying detonator according to claim 1, the bone dry time that it is characterized in that explosive is 1000～2000s.
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| CNB2008100544912A CN100557352C (en) | 2008-01-25 | 2008-01-25 | Utilize the method for microwave drying detonator |
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| CNB2008100544912A CN100557352C (en) | 2008-01-25 | 2008-01-25 | Utilize the method for microwave drying detonator |
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| CN101221009A true CN101221009A (en) | 2008-07-16 |
| CN100557352C CN100557352C (en) | 2009-11-04 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2018141630A1 (en) * | 2017-02-06 | 2018-08-09 | Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh | Method and device for drying an explosive |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2018141630A1 (en) * | 2017-02-06 | 2018-08-09 | Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh | Method and device for drying an explosive |
| DE102017102271A1 (en) * | 2017-02-06 | 2018-08-09 | Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh | Process and apparatus for drying explosive |
| AU2018216777B2 (en) * | 2017-02-06 | 2020-12-10 | Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh | Method and device for drying an explosive |
| DE102017102271B4 (en) | 2017-02-06 | 2021-08-12 | Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh | Method and device for drying explosives |
| US11293692B2 (en) | 2017-02-06 | 2022-04-05 | Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh | Method and device for drying an explosive |
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| CN100557352C (en) | 2009-11-04 |
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