Background technology
Chitosan is as a kind of natural biological macromolecular material, because it has biological degradability, biocompatibility, good mechanical property, wetting ability, ionic adsorption and chemical stability and good film forming ability can be widely used in medicine, makeup, papermaking, industries such as wastewater treatment, but, be mainly used in pharmaceutical industries at present because its cost is higher.And will be with it as a kind of general Biodegradable material, as wrapping material, disposable plastic bag, to replace present not biodegradable material, its mechanical property and thermostability are still waiting further raising.In addition, because chitosan wide material sources, be not raw materials for production with the oil, get a good chance of replacing traditional nondegradable be the plastics of raw material with the oil, therefore, under the prerequisite that does not influence its biological degradability, improve chitosan mechanical property, thermostability, reduce its cost so that its practical application can be more extensive, be the direction that the scientific worker makes great efforts to study always.
The method that improves at present the performance of chitosan roughly is divided three classes: a class is and traditional nonbiodegradable polymer blending, as with nylon 1010 blend (Yu Jiahui, Du Yumin, polymer material science and engineering, 17 (5) 116~120,2001).When nylon 1010 content was 20%, its tensile strength was 61MPa, and 63.8MPa decreases than pure sample, and heat decomposition temperature is 535.69 ℃, change not quite for 534.87 ℃ than pure sample, but the biodegradability of material was lower than pure chitosan after the blend.One class is and degradable macromolecular material blend, as with polyvinyl alcohol blending (Yu Ruobing, trip Hua Yan, modern plastics processed and applied, 13 (2) 16~18,2000).When polyvinyl alcohol content was 20%, tensile strength was 52.2MPa, also decreased than the 53.8MPa of pure chitosan.One class is and the blend of degradable biological material, as with starch blending (Nie Liuhui, Han Yongsheng, Packaging Engineering, 2005/06).When the ratio of chitosan solution and starch solution was 3: 2, tensile strength had improved 44.5% than chitosan film.
Xylogen is the byproduct of paper industry, and annual worldwide production is about 5,000 ten thousand tons, and its molecular structure is made up of following three kinds of basic structures, and molecular weight is about 5000~100000:
It is usually as fuel or directly discharging, not only comprehensive utilization benefit is low for this, and environment polluted, in order to improve its comprehensive utilization benefit, also avoid environment is polluted simultaneously, many scientific workers are devoted to widen its purposes, as as polypropylene or poly filler, to reduce polypropylene or polyethylene cost (A.Y.KHARADE, D.D.KALE.Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 1999 Vol.72,1321-1326).And for example, Riccardo A.A.Muzzarelli people such as (Pierluca liari.Carbohydrate Polymers 23 (1994) 155-160) research has also been reported xylogen has been decomposed the veratrum aldehyde that obtains, syringaldehyde, the Vanillin linking agent as chitosan through technical chemistry, making thickness is 25~30 μ m chitosan films, and its tensile strength is 42kg.
But with xylogen directly and chitosan blend prepare blended degradable membrane and do not appear in the newspapers.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is provides a kind of biodegradable and cheap xylogen/chitosan blend degradable membrane at existing technology existing problems, and this film has better mechanical property and thermostability than pure chistosan film.
Another object of the present invention provides the method for preparation above-mentioned chitosan/xylogen blended degradable membrane.
Chitosan provided by the invention/xylogen blended degradable membrane, it is characterized in that this film contains by weight percentage without chemical treatment, xylogen 5~30% with primary formation, its thickness is 0.05~0.2mm, tensile strength is 42.0~67.3MPa, elongation at break is 15.3~47.6%, glass transition temperature Tg is 155~159 ℃, and storage modulus is 3462~4133MPa, and its infrared spectrum is presented at 3420cm
-1Stretching vibration peak after the O-H of xylogen and chitosan forms hydrogen bond is arranged, 1082cm
-1Stretching vibration peak after the C-0 of xylogen and chitosan forms hydrogen bond is arranged.
The method for preparing the described chitosan of claim 1/xylogen blended degradable membrane provided by the invention, the processing step and the condition of this method are as follows:
1. dissolve chitosan and will be by weight percentage 70~90% chitosan and join in the aqueous acetic acid, stir 1~2 hour down to dissolving fully at 20~50 ℃, stand-by;
2. dissolved lignin will be that 10~30% xylogen joins in the aqueous organopolysiloxane by weight percentage, stir 1~2 hour down to dissolving fully at 20~50 ℃, remove by filter insolubles;
3. solution blending will dissolve good xylogen and slowly be added drop-wise in the chitosan solution, 20~50 ℃ of following blended under agitation 3~5 hours;
4. film forming is poured the chitosan/lignin liquor that mixes in the mould into, removes bubble, then 40~60 ℃ dry 8~10 hours down, be that 1% sodium hydroxide solution soaks deacidification to neutral with concentration again, washing is dried and is promptly got chitosan/xylogen blend film.
The concentration of used aqueous acetic acid is 1% in the aforesaid method, and the concentration of used aqueous organopolysiloxane is 80%.
In the aforesaid method in the employed aqueous organopolysiloxane of dissolved lignin organic solvent be acetic acid, acetone, ethanol, any in the tetrahydrofuran (THF).
The present invention has following advantage:
1. because blend film provided by the present invention is to be matrix with the biodegradable chitosan, what add is the byproduct that has biodegradable paper industry equally---xylogen, thereby both can make the blend film that obtains can keep good biodegradable, can reduce cost by a relatively large margin again.
2. because xylogen used herein has the specific molecule structure, and have lightly crosslinked, and contain phenyl ring, phenolic hydroxyl group and more carbon oxygen singly-bound, can with the hydroxyl in the chitosan molecule, amido forms hydrogen bond, do not pass through any complex chemical treatment again and direct and chitosan solution blend, thereby can not destroy the lignin molecule structure on the one hand, enable to produce with chitosan better to interact, obtain mechanical property and thermostability all than the better blend film of pure chitosan, also because of having reduced the treatment process of xylogen, it is lower to make it preparation cost on the other hand.
3. can use relatively large xylogen owing to blend film provided by the present invention, this has not only widened the purposes of xylogen, the environmental pollution of having avoided direct discharging to cause, and also the added value of using for the raising xylogen has found a new approach.
4. because chitosan provided by the invention/xylogen blended degradable membrane not only has favorable biological degradability, but also have good mechanical performance, thermostability, low cost of manufacture in addition, thereby can be widely used in medicine, makeup, papermaking, industries such as wastewater treatment, especially can make it as a kind of general Biodegradable material,, become possibility to replace present not biodegradable material as wrapping material, disposable plastic bag.
5. the inventive method technical maturity is simple to operate, is easy to control, thereby can makes chitosan provided by the present invention/xylogen blend film can become a kind of economy and easy industrialized product.
Embodiment
Also the invention will be further described to provide embodiment below.Be necessary to be pointed out that at this following examples can not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the invention; if the person skilled in the art in this field makes some nonessential improvement and adjustment according to the invention described above content to the present invention, still belong to protection domain of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
It is in 1% aqueous acetic acid that the chitosan of 90g is joined 4500ml concentration, 50 ℃ stir down 2 hours stand-by; It is in 80% aqueous acetone solution that the xylogen of 10g is joined 1000ml concentration, stirs 1 hour down at 20 ℃, removes by filter insolubles; The lignin liquor that dissolving is good slowly was added drop-wise in the chitosan solution, 30 ℃ of following blended under agitation 3 hours; Chitosan/the lignin liquor that mixes is poured in the mould, is removed bubble, then 40 ℃ dry 10 hours down, be that 1% sodium hydroxide solution soaks deacidification to neutral with concentration again, the water flushing is dried and is promptly got chitosan/xylogen blend film.
Embodiment 2
It is in 1% aqueous acetic acid that the chitosan of 70g is joined 3500ml concentration, 20 ℃ stir down 1 hour stand-by; It is in 80% aqueous acetone solution that the xylogen of 30g is joined 3000ml concentration, stirs 2 hours down at 25 ℃, removes by filter insolubles; The lignin liquor that dissolving is good slowly was added drop-wise in the chitosan solution, 20 ℃ of following blended under agitation 5 hours; Chitosan/the lignin liquor that mixes is poured in the mould, is removed bubble, then 40 ℃ dry 8 hours down, be that 1% sodium hydroxide solution soaks deacidification to neutral with concentration again, the water flushing is dried and is promptly got chitosan/xylogen blend film.
Embodiment 3
It is in 1% aqueous acetic acid that the chitosan of 75g is joined 3750ml concentration, 30 ℃ stir down 1 hour stand-by; It is in 80% aqueous acetone solution that the xylogen of 25g is joined 2500ml concentration, stirs 2 hours down at 25 ℃, removes by filter insolubles; The lignin liquor that dissolving is good slowly was added drop-wise in the chitosan solution, 25 ℃ of following blended under agitation 5 hours; Chitosan/the lignin liquor that mixes is poured in the mould, is removed bubble, then 40 ℃ dry 8 hours down, be that 1% sodium hydroxide solution soaks deacidification to neutral with concentration again, the water flushing is dried and is promptly got chitosan/xylogen blend film.
Embodiment 4
It is in 1% aqueous acetic acid that the chitosan of 85g is joined 4250ml concentration, 40 ℃ stir down 2 hours stand-by; It is in 80% aqueous acetone solution that the xylogen of 15g is joined 1500ml concentration, stirs 1 hour down at 20 ℃, removes by filter insolubles; The lignin liquor that dissolving is good slowly was added drop-wise in the chitosan solution, 30 ℃ of following blended under agitation 3 hours; Chitosan/the lignin liquor that mixes is poured in the mould, is removed bubble, then 40 ℃ dry 8 hours down, be that 1% sodium hydroxide solution soaks deacidification to neutral with concentration again, the water flushing is dried and is promptly got chitosan/xylogen blend film.
Embodiment 5
It is in 1% aqueous acetic acid that the chitosan of 80g is joined 4000ml concentration, 30 ℃ stir down 2 hours stand-by; It is in 80% aqueous acetone solution that the xylogen of 20g is joined 2000ml concentration, stirs 2 hours down at 25 ℃, removes by filter insolubles; The lignin liquor that dissolving is good slowly was added drop-wise in the chitosan solution, 25 ℃ of following blended under agitation 4 hours; Chitosan/the lignin liquor that mixes is poured in the mould, is removed bubble, then 40 ℃ dry 9 hours down, be that 1% sodium hydroxide solution soaks deacidification to neutral with concentration again, the water flushing is dried and is promptly got chitosan/xylogen blend film.
Embodiment 6
It is in 1% aqueous acetic acid that the chitosan of 80g is joined 4000ml concentration, 50 ℃ stir down 1.5 hours stand-by; It is in 80% aqueous ethanolic solution that the xylogen of 20g is joined 2000ml concentration, stirs 2 hours down at 30 ℃, removes by filter insolubles; The lignin liquor that dissolving is good slowly was added drop-wise in the chitosan solution, 25 ℃ of following blended under agitation 5 hours; Chitosan/the lignin liquor that mixes is poured in the mould, is removed bubble, then 50 ℃ dry 8 hours down, be that 1% sodium hydroxide solution soaks deacidification to neutral with concentration again, the water flushing is dried and is promptly got chitosan/xylogen blend film.
Embodiment 7
It is in 1% aqueous acetic acid that the chitosan of 90g is joined 4500ml concentration, 50 ℃ stir down 2 hours stand-by; It is in 80% aqueous acetic acid that the xylogen of 10g is joined 1000ml concentration, stirs 1 hour down at 30 ℃, removes by filter insolubles; The lignin liquor that dissolving is good slowly was added drop-wise in the chitosan solution, 40 ℃ of following blended under agitation 3 hours; Chitosan/the lignin liquor that mixes is poured in the mould, is removed bubble, then 60 ℃ dry 8 hours down, be that 1% sodium hydroxide solution soaks deacidification to neutral with concentration again, the water flushing is dried and is promptly got chitosan/xylogen blend film.
Embodiment 8
It is in 1% aqueous acetic acid that the chitosan of 75g is joined 3750ml concentration, 50 ℃ stir down 1.5 hours stand-by; It is in 80% aqueous acetic acid that the xylogen of 25g is joined 2500ml concentration, stirs 2 hours down at 50 ℃, removes by filter insolubles; The lignin liquor that dissolving is good slowly was added drop-wise in the chitosan solution, 40 ℃ of following blended under agitation 5 hours; Chitosan/the lignin liquor that mixes is poured in the mould, is removed bubble, then 60 ℃ dry 10 hours down, be that 1% sodium hydroxide solution soaks deacidification to neutral with concentration again, the water flushing is dried and is promptly got chitosan/xylogen blend film.
Embodiment 9
It is in 1% aqueous acetic acid that the chitosan of 80g is joined 4000ml concentration, 50 ℃ stir down 1.5 hours stand-by; It is in 80% tetrahydrofuran aqueous solution that the xylogen of 20g is joined 2000ml concentration, stirs 2 hours down at 25 ℃, removes by filter insolubles; The lignin liquor that dissolving is good slowly was added drop-wise in the chitosan solution, 25 ℃ of following blended under agitation 5 hours; Chitosan/the lignin liquor that mixes is poured in the mould, is removed bubble, then 50 ℃ dry 8 hours down, be that 1% sodium hydroxide solution soaks deacidification to neutral with concentration again, the water flushing is dried and is promptly got chitosan/xylogen blend film.
Embodiment 10
It is in 1% aqueous acetic acid that the chitosan of 70g is joined 3500ml concentration, 50 ℃ stir down 1 hour stand-by; It is in 80% aqueous acetic acid that the xylogen of 30g is joined 3000ml concentration, stirs 2 hours down at 50 ℃, removes by filter insolubles; The lignin liquor that dissolving is good slowly was added drop-wise in the chitosan solution, 40 ℃ of following blended under agitation 5 hours; Chitosan/the lignin liquor that mixes is poured in the mould, is removed bubble, then 60 ℃ dry 10 hours down, be that 1% sodium hydroxide solution soaks deacidification to neutral with concentration again, the water flushing is dried and is promptly got chitosan/xylogen blend film.
Embodiment 11
It is in 1% aqueous acetic acid that the chitosan of 85g is joined 4250ml concentration, 50 ℃ stir down 2 hours stand-by; It is in 80% aqueous acetic acid that the xylogen of 15g is joined 1500ml concentration, stirs 1 hour down at 40 ℃, removes by filter insolubles; The lignin liquor that dissolving is good slowly was added drop-wise in the chitosan solution, 40 ℃ of following blended under agitation 3 hours; Chitosan/the lignin liquor that mixes is poured in the mould, is removed bubble, then 60 ℃ dry 8 hours down, be that 1% sodium hydroxide solution soaks deacidification to neutral with concentration again, the water flushing is dried and is promptly got chitosan/xylogen blend film.
Embodiment 12
It is in 1% aqueous acetic acid that the chitosan of 80g is joined 4000ml concentration, 50 ℃ stir down 1.5 hours stand-by; It is in 80% aqueous acetic acid that the xylogen of 20g is joined 2000ml concentration, stirs 1.5 hours down at 50 ℃, removes by filter insolubles; The lignin liquor that dissolving is good slowly was added drop-wise in the chitosan solution, 40 ℃ of following blended under agitation 4 hours; Chitosan/the lignin liquor that mixes is poured in the mould, is removed bubble, then 60 ℃ dry 9 hours down, be that 1% sodium hydroxide solution soaks deacidification to neutral with concentration again, the water flushing is dried and is promptly got chitosan/xylogen blend film.
Comparative example
It is in 1% aqueous acetic acid that the chitosan of 100g is joined 5000ml concentration, stirred 2 hours down at 50 ℃, be poured in the mould then, remove bubble, following dry 10 hours at 40 ℃ then, be that 1% sodium hydroxide solution soaks deacidification to neutral with concentration again, the water flushing, oven dry promptly gets chitosan film.
In order to characterize the chitosan/xylogen blend film of the present invention's preparation, respectively chitosan, xylogen and chitosan/xylogen blend film has been carried out examination of infrared spectrum, its spectrogram is seen accompanying drawing 1.By Fig. 1-a as seen, xylogen 3420cm
-1The stretching vibration peak that belongs to O-H, 1718cm
-1The existence explanation xylogen at peak contains carbonyl, 1605cm
-1~1460cm
-1Three peaks are phenyl ring skeleton stretching vibration peak, 1217cm
-1The flexural vibration peak that belongs to the C-O that links to each other with phenyl ring, 1117cm
-1Belong to the C-O stretching vibration.By Fig. 1-b as seen, pure chitosan 3440cm
-1The stretching vibration peak that belongs to O-H, 1653cm
-1Belong to acid amides I band, 1090cm
-1Belong to the C-O stretching vibration peak.And content of lignin be in the infrared spectrum of 20% blend film as seen, the stretching vibration peak of O-H is at 3420cm
-1, acid amides I is with at 1467cm
-1, the C-O stretching vibration peak is at 1082cm
-1After promptly adding xylogen, red shift all takes place in the stretching vibration peak of the O-H of chitosan, acid amides I band, C-O stretching vibration peak, shows that carbonyl and the phenolic hydroxyl group on hydroxyl, carbonyl and the xylogen on the chitosan formed hydrogen bond.
For tensile strength, elongation at break, storage modulus test, elongation at break and the thermal characteristics of investigating chitosan provided by the invention/xylogen blend film, mould material to embodiment 7,10,12 and comparative example acquisition has carried out Mechanics Performance Testing according to IS0527-3:1995 (E) standard, carried out the dynamic mechanical analysis test at TA Q800 DMA instrument, on WAT-2P thermobalance instrument, carry out the thermal weight loss test, the results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1
Corresponding embodiment |
Chitosan/content of lignin |
Tensile strength (MPa) |
Storage modulus (MPa) |
Elongation at break (%) |
Second-order transition temperature (℃) |
Weightless 20% temperature (℃) |
Comparative example |
100/0 |
43.3 |
1512 |
52.2 |
140 |
202 |
7 |
90/10 |
47.3 |
3462 |
45.2 |
1 55 |
235 |
12 |
80/20 |
67.3 |
3137 |
43.2 |
159 |
241 |
10 |
70/30 |
42.00 |
4133 |
15.3 |
157 |
267 |
The comparison of embodiment 2 and pure shell membrane glycan film |
55% |
107% |
-17% |
14% |
20% |
As shown in Table 1, mostly good (the pure chistosan film tensile strength is 43.3MPa among the present invention than pure chistosan film for the tensile strength of chitosan provided by the invention/xylogen blend film, elongation at break, storage modulus test, elongation at break and thermal characteristics, compare on the low side with above bibliographical information, this is because chitosan tensile strength and chitosan molecule amount, and the batten water content is relevant when doing Elongation test), especially when content of lignin is 20%, the tensile strength of blend film, storage modulus, thermostability have all obtained to improve by a relatively large margin.
In addition, in order to investigate the homogeneity of chitosan and xylogen blend in the blended degradable membrane provided by the invention, with scanning electron microscope it has been carried out morphology observation, its photo is seen accompanying drawing 2.Xylogen is uniformly dispersed in whole chitosan basal body as seen from the figure, and the interaction that this more helps chitosan and xylogen makes its mechanical property and thermostability improve a lot than pure chitosan.