CN101219257B - Minimally invasive power supply for driving medical instruments implanted in human body - Google Patents
Minimally invasive power supply for driving medical instruments implanted in human body Download PDFInfo
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- CN101219257B CN101219257B CN200710062602.XA CN200710062602A CN101219257B CN 101219257 B CN101219257 B CN 101219257B CN 200710062602 A CN200710062602 A CN 200710062602A CN 101219257 B CN101219257 B CN 101219257B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a mini-invasive power supply unit that is used for driving an implanted medical appliance of a human body to charge, which comprises power supply electrodes and a charger arranged inside the human body; the power supply electrodes are at least a pair of electrodes with a power source of 20-36V; the charger comprises a shell, a pair of titanium metal sheets that are fixed at the surface of the shell and is compatible with organism, a rechargeable battery that is provided with two pairs of electrodes and a control switch that is connected with a detection circuit; the titanium sheets directly contact skin of human body and are connected with an input electrode of the rechargeable battery through the control switch that is connected with the detection circuit consisting of an integrated circuit; an output electrode of the rechargeable battery is connected with the implanted medical appliance through the control switch connected with the detection circuit. The invention can employ a mini-invasive way to insert the electrodes into tissues of human body or fix at the surface of human body for forming an electrical field inside the tissues of human body and charging the implanted medical appliance without time limitation; the invention can serve as power source of various implanted mini-invasive medical devices and monitoring devices and has simple structure and convenient use.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind ofly can provide to implantable medical devices the method for electric energy, be particularly related to a kind of MEMS one or more pairs of micro-electrodes around in insertosome that adopt, the method that various informative electric energy is provided as required at any time, realizes power supply supply in Wicresoft's mode thus.
Background technology
Current, along with the develop rapidly of Medical Technology, the kind of implant into body formula medical apparatus that meets all kinds of treatments and diagnostic purpose is increasing, as implantable pacemaker, defibrillator, monitor, nerve stimulator and drug efflux pump etc.In the work of these medical apparatus and instruments, power supply technique is a key all the time.For a long time, with regard to the exploitation of implanted micro element energy supply technology, by countries in the world, paid much attention to always, but made progress limited.In recent years, along with the proposition of a large amount of implant devices with in succession succeed in developing, more make long-life, research and development efficient, the implanted micro-energy resource system that can charge flexibly be thus lifted to a vital status.Because the life-span of any battery is always limited, therefore, it is an important need that device in body is implemented to be effectively charged to.Undoubtedly, for the medical apparatus of implant into body, must reduce as far as possible or eliminate because of the injury of charging to tissue.That is to say, noinvasive or minimally-invasive energy supplying system have more value.
At present, in various implanted energy technologys, thermoelectric cell can meet this requirement to a certain extent.In this respect as, the thermoelectric converter driving based on radiosiotope release heat in nuclear decay process, but because adopting radiosiotope fuel, the integrated and packaging technology more complicated of this kind equipment, has used certain security risk.In addition, people are also at the thermoelectric cell of considering directly to utilize the power supply of human body self heat, rely on naturally occurring thermograde in tissue to drive thermo-electric device to produce electric power, generally under 1 ℃ of temperature difference, can obtain microwatt to the electric energy output of milliwatt magnitude, can be used for driving microelectronic device.In the recent period, there is researcher also to propose to adopt external auxiliary heating or the cooling organization internal temperature gradient that promotes, and then the thermo-electric generation power in reinforcement, also can reach the object of harmless energy supply, but in these class methods, owing to organizing heat conductivity poor, thereby need the large as far as possible temperature difference in conveying capacity process, yet too high or too low temperature can cause burn or cold injury to skin.So far, the method for utilizing loseless method realization to be implanted into electrical equipment charging to body is very limited, and mostly has the problem of charge volume deficiency.For this reason, the invention provides a kind of minimally-invasive charging method, can guarantee that the energy supply of device in body is consistent with conventional external device, and less to the nocuity of human body.This programme is, adopts implantable medical devices in vivo to insert one or more pairs of micro-electrodes around, and various informative electric energy is provided as required at any time, removes current electrode after charging.The method is the novel measure realizing by external power supply.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of for driving the minimally invasive power supply of medical instruments implanted in human body, this device can adopt and insert vivo implantation type medical apparatus and instruments a pair of micro-electrode around, provide at any time as required various informative power supply, to meet the power requirement of vivo implantation type medical apparatus and instruments.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
Provided by the invention for driving the minimally invasive power supply of human body implantation type medical apparatus and instruments charging, comprise current electrode and be placed in the charger in human body;
Described current electrode is for carrying at least one pair of electrode 6 of 20-36V power supply;
The described charger being placed in human body comprises: a charger case, be affixed in described charger case surface with a pair of titanium metal plate 1 biocompatible, there is the rechargeable battery 3 of a pair of input electrode and a pair of output electrode, the gauge tap 2 being connected with testing circuit;
Described titanium metal plate 1 directly contacts with tissue skin, and is connected with the input electrode of described rechargeable battery 3 by the connected gauge tap 2 of testing circuit consisting of integrated circuit;
The output electrode of described rechargeable battery 3 is connected with implantable medical devices A by the connected gauge tap 2 of testing circuit consisting of integrated circuit;
The positive and negative electrode of described electrode insertion 6 is comprised of needle electrode top and electrode bottom respectively, described electrode bottom is the needle electrode bottom that extend on needle electrode top, or is with the tabular sticking type electrode bottom of microneedle array 8 on the lower surface being connected with described needle-like top;
Described electrode bottom is the electrode bottom of rustless steel or Nitinol memory metal material;
The end of the electrode bottom of the positive and negative electrode of described electrode insertion 6 is needle-like, diameter at 20nm between 5mm;
Each micropin length of the microneedle array 8 of described tabular sticking type electrode bottom at 0.08mm between 45mm;
Described rechargeable battery 3 is that 1 to 10 rechargeable battery parallel connection or tandem compound form.
Of the present invention for driving the minimally invasive power supply of medical instruments implanted in human body, its advantage is as follows: simple in structure; The power supply mode of current electrode is more flexible, can adopt according to different needs corresponding power supply mode; Meanwhile, this electric supply installation can also be according to the needs of rechargeable battery in implantable medical devices directly from the electric energy of external transmission respective waveforms, as triangular wave, and square wave, sinusoidal wave etc.So far in domestic and foreign literature, not yet report this class device.
The present invention has utilized less invasive techniques fully, has reduced the damage to human body.In power supply, because human body can bear the safe voltage of 36V, therefore the voltage that the electrode insertion of two minimally-invasive is brought into can not be too high.This is content with very little for miniature electrical equipment.Minimally-invasive current electrode and charging box, simple in structure, it can charge as required at any time, is a kind of long-life energy resource system, half biological-half electrical installation that can be applied to developing in biological microelectromechanical systems, particularly implantable medical device and field of tissue engineering technology.
At present, from external very limited to the method for transmission of electric energy in body with lossless manner, existing measure mainly concentrates on and utilizes external heat source to transmit electricity to thermoelectric cell in body, or adopts microwave field to implementing power supply in body.Be limited to and organize weak heat conductivity or the power supply mode of electrical conductivity to compare with this two class, generation mode provided by the invention is more direct, and it is higher to produce electric energy power; And the way of utilizing Wicresoft has reduced the injury to human body while charging greatly, but just the same with external device on charging modes.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is provided by the invention for driving the structural representation of the minimally invasive power supply of medical instruments implanted in human body;
Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 are respectively several structural representations of current electrode.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, further describe the present invention:
Fig. 1 is provided by the invention for driving the structural representation of the minimally invasive power supply of medical instruments implanted in human body; Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 are respectively several structural representations of current electrode; As seen from the figure, of the present invention for driving the minimally invasive power supply of medical instruments implanted in human body, comprise current electrode and be placed in the charger in human body;
Described current electrode is for carrying at least one pair of electrode 6 of 20-36V power supply;
The described charger being placed in human body comprises: a charger case, be affixed in described charger case surface with a pair of titanium metal plate 1 biocompatible, there is the rechargeable battery 3 of a pair of input electrode and a pair of output electrode, the gauge tap 2 being connected with testing circuit;
Described titanium metal plate 1 directly contacts with tissue skin, and is connected with the input electrode of described rechargeable battery 3 by the connected gauge tap 2 of testing circuit consisting of integrated circuit;
The output electrode of described rechargeable battery 3 is connected with implantable medical devices A by the connected gauge tap 2 of testing circuit consisting of integrated circuit;
The positive and negative electrode of described electrode insertion 6 is comprised of needle electrode top and electrode bottom respectively, described electrode bottom is the needle electrode bottom that extend on needle electrode top, or is with the tabular sticking type electrode bottom of microneedle array 8 on the lower surface being connected with described needle-like top;
Described electrode bottom is the electrode bottom of rustless steel or Nitinol memory metal material;
The end of the electrode bottom of the positive and negative electrode of described electrode insertion 6 is needle-like, diameter at 20nm between 5mm;
Each micropin length of the microneedle array 8 of described tabular sticking type electrode bottom at 0.08mm between 45mm;
Described rechargeable battery 3 is that 1 to 10 rechargeable battery parallel connection or tandem compound form.
Device of the present invention can directly transmit electric energy and target medical apparatus and instruments be charged by tissue, be that the novelty of implantable medical devices and Wicresoft's medical domain is attempted.At this device, comprise current electrode and be placed in the charger in human body; Charger can be independent of implantable medical devices, in company with implantable medical devices, is together implanted in human body, also can constitute a kind of novel implantable medical devices that carries rechargeable battery with implantable medical devices.Current electrode consists of two electrodes 6 of special facture; Charger is by rechargeable battery 3, and gauge tap 2 forms with the metal titanium sheet 1 that is affixed on box surface.When two electrodes 6 of current electrode by the mode insertosome of Wicresoft in or when being attached at body surface and bringing certain voltage into, in tissue in vivo, will form the more stable electric field that distributes.Between 2 of charger surface among electric field, can there is certain electric potential difference.This electric potential difference, by being affixed on metal titanium sheet 1 and the gauge tap 2 on charger case surface, is reflected to the rechargeable battery two ends that are encapsulated in medical apparatus and instruments inside; When this electric potential difference is greater than the charging voltage at rechargeable battery two ends, and actuating switch is when connect, and rechargeable battery starts charging.When two electrode institute making alives are no more than 36 volts, human body can bear this voltage and the phenomenon of not getting an electric shock.Two electrodes of current electrode can be tip-like, and most advanced diameter can be at 100nm between 5mm.Rechargeable battery and common rechargeable battery are different, and it has two pairs of electrodes.Wherein a pair of input electrode is connected with gauge tap, and two surfaces of another termination of switch are coated with the port of Titanium, and two ports directly contact with muscle or other people soma.Under peacetime state, switch is opened, not conducting of circuit.The voltage that rechargeable battery 3 two ends detected when testing circuit lower than normal working voltage 90% or 95% time (rated value can depending on different implantable medical devices), actuating switch is closed, the metal titanium sheet 1 that connection directly contacts with muscle or tissue, the electric field that these two electrodes just can form from current electrode, draw electric energy, thereby rechargeable battery 3 is charged.
Device of the present invention charges to the medical apparatus and instruments of implanted based on less invasive techniques.For this reason, the electrode paste in current electrode can be invested to skin surface, also electrode can be inserted under skin layer or skin layer the mode with Wicresoft, in tissue inside, set up electric field, allow the rechargeable battery in the interior charger of body can from electric field, absorb energy.In Fig. 1, plug-in electrode 6 is provided to the voltage at positive and negative two ends in tissue and goes, and forms certain Electric Field Distribution in tissue, thereby has certain electric potential difference between 2 of rechargeable batteries.If the running voltage that rechargeable battery provides is lower than 80% of normal voltage, gauge tap conducting, rechargeable battery absorbs electric energy by electric potential difference from tissue.Like this, outside electric energy is sent in body by plug-in electrode, relends the electrical transmission that helps in-vivo tissue and is sent in rechargeable battery.In addition, plug-in electrode and sticking type electrode can be used in combination, Fig. 2 for example, and the anodal plug-in electrode that uses, makes anode electrode more approach end to be charged, and negative pole adopts sticking type, can reduce wound.Certainly, the invention is not restricted to above two class particular forms, also can adopt more power supply modes, for example positive and negative two electrodes are all used sticking type electrode (for example Fig. 3); In addition, consider that the epidermal area electric conductivity of skin is lower, also can utilize microneedle array 8 to be inserted under epidermal area as Fig. 4, make electrode can cross over the epidermal area that electrical impedance is larger, thereby better electric energy is sent in body.Certainly, these micropins are some arrays preferably, can expand like this area of electrode, be unlikely to occur point discharge phenomenon and tissue is caused to damage.
Titanium metal plate 1 of the present invention can adopt memory metal Nitinol or rustless steel, and its effect is mainly after electrode inserts, and can produce expansion, to expand the contact area of electrode and tissue, prevents point discharge phenomenon and causes damage to organizing; Here, the shape of Nitinol can variation, as bar-shaped, spherical, lamellar etc., can determine according to particular demands the shape of Nitinol.
Embodiment 1:
Fig. 1 is provided by the invention for driving the structural representation of the minimally invasive power supply of medical instruments implanted in human body; Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 are respectively several structural representations of current electrode; Within charger is implanted in human body, within can being packaged in implantable medical devices and implant, also can be independent of outside implantable medical devices, in apparatus implant into body.
Rechargeable battery 3 in charging box will be given the operating circuit power supply of the medical apparatus and instruments of having implanted.When the voltage that the testing circuit in charging box detects rechargeable battery 3 two ends can not meet the job demand of implantable medical devices, plug-in electrode 6 is inserted in human body from the external mode with Wicresoft, and be inserted in charging box position around; The two ends that plug-in electrode 6 exposes connect safe external voltage (as 20V-36V), form electric field in human body; At this moment, the gauge tap being connected with testing circuit 2 in charging box is in conducting state, and the rechargeable battery 3 in charging box starts charging.
Current electrode provided by the invention comprises: a pair of plug-in electrode 6; The tip portion of plug-in electrode 6 is manufactured by Nitinol memory metal, outside surface coating insulation.
The present invention also comprises: the metal titanium sheet 1 that the gauge tap 2 of controlling by the checkout gear consisting of integrated circuit with the two poles of the earth of rechargeable battery 3 directly contacts with tissue is connected; The area that the described metal titanium sheet directly contacting with tissue 1 covers in implantable medical devices can be required to decide by actual process design and concrete electric energy; When checkout gear detect running voltage that rechargeable battery 3 provides lower than standard value as 90% of 20V or 95% time, gauge tap 2 conductings, the corresponding some isoelectric level of metal titanium sheet 1 in rechargeable battery 3 and tissue, enters charged state; The technology of the voltage check device consisting of integrated circuit is also very ripe, can directly adopt; Rechargeable battery 3 with two pairs of electrodes, rechargeable battery 3 can be common nickel-hydrogen chargeable cell, also can be the rechargeable battery of other types, mainly by the running voltage of implantable medical devices and the requirement of electric energy, decided, certainly can guarantee under the condition of the rated value that normal work is required, rechargeable battery 3 to discharge and recharge number of times The more the better, the capacity of electric weight is the bigger the better; Whole charging box is salable among implantable medical devices, also can be independently outside implantable medical devices, along with apparatus is implanted together.
Such current electrode and a charging box have formed whole minimally-invasive electric supply installation.Electric energy enters in body by two electrodes, sets up electric field.The tip of electrode can be rustless steel or shape memory metal as Nitinol, after entering human body, can expand, and has expanded the contact area of electrode and tissue, guarantees point discharge phenomenon can not occur between electrode and tissue.Among the electric field that charging box is built in current electrode, between residing two points of its surperficial titanium metal plate 1, there is certain electric potential difference.Testing circuit in charging box detect running voltage that rechargeable battery 3 provides lower than standard value 90% or 95% time, testing circuit gauge tap 2 makes switch connection metal titanium sheet 1, so corresponding point is isoelectric level situation in rechargeable battery 3 two ends and titanium metal plate 1 and tissue.Between two titanium metal plates 1, exist certain electric potential difference, therefore also there is certain electric potential difference between 3 two electrodes of rechargeable battery, when this electric potential difference is equal to, or greater than charging voltage, rechargeable battery starts charging.
In the present invention, the rechargeable battery 3 of charger can form in a plurality of rechargeable battery combinations, between them, can couple together by mode in parallel or series connection, the unified control of detection signal of the examined circuit of actuating switch wherein, the titanium metal plate 1 being connected with in-vivo tissue also not necessarily only has one group, can be to be distributed in a lot of groups of medical apparatus surface, object be the more effective electric energy that absorbs from electric field.
Current electrode provided by the invention, is not limited to charge to implantable medical devices, can also Shi Dui animal or human soma carry out corresponding electricity irritation, as carry out nerve stimulation etc.
Embodiment 2:
As shown in Figure 2, the unique difference of it and embodiment 1 is the present embodiment, and one of two electrodes of current electrode are not plug-in types and adopt sticking type.Here, the size that electrode attaches can be at 20nm * 20nm between 10mm * 10mm.Electrode also not necessarily only has a pair of, can also be by much electrode being formed to an electrod-array.The material of micropin also should be compatible with tissue, for example, can utilize aluminum titanium alloy etc.Compare with embodiment 1, a bit, but its scheme to the injury of human body also less for the structure relative complex of embodiment 2.
Embodiment 3:
As shown in Figure 3, the unique difference of it and embodiment 2 is the present embodiment, and two pieces of current electrodes all adopt surperficial sticking type.Here, the size that electrode attaches can be at 20nm * 20nm between 10mm * 10mm.Compare with embodiment 1,2, this programme is less to the nocuity of human body.
Embodiment 4:
The present embodiment as shown in Figure 4, the unique difference of it and embodiment 1 is, two pieces of current electrodes all adopt surperficial sticking type, but below sticking type electrode, also added microneedle array 8, its objective is that electrode can enter in the tissue that resistivity is lower through the reasonable epidermal area of insulating properties in almost harmless mode, to implement charging.Compare with above-described embodiment, the present embodiment is minimum to the nocuity of human body.
The present invention has lot of advantages, and charger is applicable to different implantable medical devices.The position of the electrode of current electrode neither be fixed, and can adjust position according to the size of medical apparatus and instruments, also can different medical apparatus and instruments be charged.
The power supply mode of current electrode is more flexible, can adopt according to different situations corresponding power supply mode.In can drawings attached 1-4 4 kinds of the power supply mode of current electrode, can certainly recombinant go out more power supply mode, for example, with the sticking type electrode of microneedle array 8 and the combination of plug-in electrode.Concrete power supply mode, consider the degree of depth of implantable medical devices, the electrical conductivity of required charging voltage and the tissue of implantation position etc.The power supply mode that the present invention mentions goes for different situations.
Meanwhile, this electric supply installation can also be according to the needs of rechargeable battery in implantable medical devices directly from the electric energy of external transmission respective waveforms, as triangular wave, and square wave, sinusoidal wave etc.So far there is no this minimally-invasive electric supply installation and charging technique is both at home and abroad suggested.
Charger of the present invention can be for a long time even for good and all along with medical apparatus and instruments is implanted in human body, when the electric weight of medical apparatus and instruments job demand is not enough, can directly to charging box, power by Wicresoft of the present invention current electrode, guarantee medical apparatus and instruments even permanent work for a long time and no longer as in the past, by surgical operation, medical apparatus and instruments changed, having reduced the wound to human body.
Use the mode of apparatus of the present invention as follows: by charger along with in implantable medical devices implant patient body; According to position and the degree of depth for the treatment of the how many and implantation instrument of demand electric power, definite power supply mode of selecting, as plug-in electrode or sticking type electrode; Current electrode can connect a transformator, the voltage of 220V is transformed into and in tissue, sets up the required 20-36VV voltage of electric field, can carry like this, when medical apparatus and instruments running voltage is not enough, can charge at any time, can alleviate greatly the burden of patient and hospital.
Claims (4)
1. for driving a minimally invasive power supply for human body implantation type medical apparatus and instruments charging, it is characterized in that, comprise current electrode and be placed in the charger in human body;
Described current electrode is at least one pair of electrode (6) that carries 20-36V power supply;
The described charger being placed in human body comprises: a charger case, be pasted in described charger case surface with a pair of titanium metal plate biocompatible (1), there is the rechargeable battery (3) of a pair of input electrode and a pair of output electrode, the gauge tap (2) being connected with testing circuit;
Described titanium metal plate (1) directly contacts with tissue skin, and is connected with the input electrode of described rechargeable battery (3) by the connected gauge tap (2) of testing circuit consisting of integrated circuit;
The output electrode of described rechargeable battery (3) is connected with implantable medical devices (A) by the connected gauge tap (2) of testing circuit consisting of integrated circuit;
The positive and negative electrode of described electrode insertion (6) is comprised of needle electrode top and electrode bottom respectively, described electrode bottom is the needle electrode bottom that extend on needle electrode top, or is with the tabular sticking type electrode bottom of microneedle array (8) on the lower surface being connected with described needle-like top;
Described electrode bottom is the electrode bottom of rustless steel or Nitinol memory metal material.
2. by claimed in claim 1, for driving the minimally invasive power supply of human body implantation type medical apparatus and instruments charging, it is characterized in that, the end of the electrode bottom of the positive and negative electrode of described electrode insertion (6) is needle-like, diameter at 20nm between 5mm.
3. by claimed in claim 1, for driving the minimally invasive power supply of human body implantation type medical apparatus and instruments charging, it is characterized in that, each micropin length of the microneedle array (8) of described tabular sticking type electrode bottom at 0.08mm between 45mm.
4. by claimed in claim 1, for driving the minimally invasive power supply of human body implantation type medical apparatus and instruments charging, it is characterized in that, described rechargeable battery (3) is that 1 to 10 rechargeable battery parallel connection or tandem compound form.
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| CN200710062602.XA CN101219257B (en) | 2007-01-11 | 2007-01-11 | Minimally invasive power supply for driving medical instruments implanted in human body |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2011026265A1 (en) * | 2009-09-01 | 2011-03-10 | Shan Guangwei | Method for connecting electrical signal between electronic or electrical device implanted in animal body and external and electric socket implantable in animal body |
| CN102280915A (en) * | 2011-07-29 | 2011-12-14 | 上海交通大学 | Implantable in vivo charging device |
| CN108092544B (en) * | 2016-11-23 | 2020-09-01 | 北京纳米能源与系统研究所 | Energy supply device for collecting motion energy of organism |
| CN107898439B (en) * | 2017-12-04 | 2020-12-15 | 青岛市妇女儿童医院 | Implanted diabetes monitoring and treatment device |
| CN110311457B (en) * | 2019-08-02 | 2024-05-03 | 中山大学附属第三医院 | Portable storage battery using skin electricity as power supply |
| CN213717668U (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2021-07-16 | 北京纳杰科技有限公司 | Self-generating power supply device |
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| US3952750A (en) * | 1974-04-25 | 1976-04-27 | Mieczyslaw Mirowski | Command atrial cardioverting device |
| FR2568477A1 (en) * | 1984-07-31 | 1986-02-07 | Inst Nat Sante Rech Med | Device for transcutaneous energy supply in particular for an implanted prosthesis. |
| US6735474B1 (en) * | 1998-07-06 | 2004-05-11 | Advanced Bionics Corporation | Implantable stimulator system and method for treatment of incontinence and pain |
| CN100386916C (en) * | 2006-04-28 | 2008-05-07 | 清华大学 | Wireless charging device through skin in use for implantation type medical treatment instrument |
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