CN101218366A - Exothermic wire for bonding substrates - Google Patents
Exothermic wire for bonding substrates Download PDFInfo
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- CN101218366A CN101218366A CNA2006800146929A CN200680014692A CN101218366A CN 101218366 A CN101218366 A CN 101218366A CN A2006800146929 A CNA2006800146929 A CN A2006800146929A CN 200680014692 A CN200680014692 A CN 200680014692A CN 101218366 A CN101218366 A CN 101218366A
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Abstract
An exothermic cord, foil, or ribbon is produced by first cold drawing individual round wires of the constituent materials under a cover gas. The cold drawing operation yields a clean surface that is free of oxidation and other contaminants. Next, the constituent wires are brought together and twisted, cold drawn, swaged, and/or friction welded to create a unitary cord exhibiting intimate contact between the constituent materials. The unitary cord may then be used directly or further shaped to a desired form and/or thickness. By controlling the size ratio between the cross-sections of the constituents, a degree of control can be exercised over the exothermic reaction characteristics. The unitary cord, once formed, can be coated with braze and/or flux materials to aid in a subsequent joining operation. Multiple cords can be woven together to form a cloth structure. The exothermic assembly can be applied in the field of gaskets to permanently affix opposing surfaces together, such as affixing a cylinder head in an operative position over a cylinder block.
Description
The application's cross reference
It is the 60/667th, No. 999 U.S. Provisional Application No. on April 4th, 2005 that the present invention requires the applying date.
Invention field
The present invention relates to a kind of formation can be used for the exothermic material of various occasions and exothermic material is used for cylinder head permanent seal improving one's methods on the body of oil engine.
Background technology
Response type composite wafer and coating are widely used in various requirement produces the heat of controlled amounts at plane domain occasion.This structure generally includes a series of substrate support layers, and these substrate support layers are under suitably encouraging, and experience is expanded the heat-producing chemical reaction on its overlay area, and therefore just in time produces the heat of controlled amounts.Such exothermic chemical materials is as the origin of heat of specialty welding, soldering and braze operation, and is very useful.Certainly, these exothermic chemical materials also can be used for other occasion that requires to produce partial controllable heat, for example primers of combustion unit.
The response type multilayer material allows the controlled and consistent thermopositive reaction of generating heat.This reaction basic driver power behind is the minimizing of atom bond energy.When lighting this reactive materials, these distinct layer atoms mix, the local heat that produces.The adjacent area of this this structure of thermal ignition, thus allow this reaction to proceed to the whole length of this structure, produce heat and all react until all material.
Except that reactive coatings, once attempted by the freestanding reactive coatings of cold rolling development.By cold rolling nickel aluminium doubling plate and multiple is manually folding and multiple is cold rolling subsequently, form nickel-aluminium reactive multilayer type thin slice.After first bilayer zone rolled into half of its original depth, folding again this bilayer zone, recovering its original depth, and the number of plies is double.This process repeats for several times.
The manufacture method of this rolled sheet need expend the plenty of time, and operational difficulty.Its rolling pass has been introduced lubricating oil and other pollutents, make after each passage all must the cleaning rolling stock the surface.And the manually folding of sheet material makes it be difficult for producing in enormous quantities.In case rolling many metal levels, these layers can be recoiled, and cause lowering one's standard or status of the separation of layer and the thin slice that finally obtains.Such separation also will cause carrying out unwanted sandwiching surface oxidation by cold welding, and stop the unification of metal level.
Therefore, need provide and make the response type multilayer material and particularly produce improving one's methods of required response type multilayer material in the application in enormous quantities.
Summary of the invention
The present invention includes a kind of method of making multi-thread bundle heat-releasing device, this multi-thread bundle heat-releasing device is used for spreading thermopositive reaction with the response initial thermal shock between its wire harness.This method comprises the following steps: to provide extended first line and second line, the cross section that this first line and second line composition metallic substance separately respectively has circular; In anaerobic voltinism environment, pass through cold drawn described first and second lines of reducing die separately; Described first and second lines are in contact with one another; And be a whole rope simultaneously with the described first and second line viscous deformation, make the surperficial crimping of this first and second line so that continue to spread thermopositive reaction, respond initial thermal shock.
According to a further aspect in the invention, provide a kind of disposable pad that is used in oil engine, cylinder head being sealed to cylinder body.This disposable pad comprises plate-like body, at least one is formed at described intrinsic cylinder thorax opening and at least one is formed at described intrinsic fluid course.Described fluid course and described cylinder thorax opening are isolated.Described body is made of the multi-thread bundle heat-releasing device of response type, and this multi-thread bundle heat-releasing device is used to spread thermopositive reaction with the response initial thermal shock.The heat that produces in the exothermal reaction process is enough to described cylinder head and the fusion of described cylinder body metallurgyization are kept the fluid isolation between described cylinder thorax opening and the described fluid course simultaneously.
According to a further aspect in the invention, provide a kind of method of between opposite face, setting up fluid tight seal, form at least two discrete runners between this opposite face.Described method comprises the following steps: to adopt the multi-thread bundle heat-releasing device of response type to form pad, and described multi-thread bundle heat-releasing device is used to spread thermopositive reaction with the response initial thermal shock; On described pad, form the independent runner at least two intervals, to transmit fluid materials relatively between the surface described two; Opening on the described pad is aimed at the runner on the described apparent surface; With described gasket compression between described apparent surface; Start the thermopositive reaction that spreads in the shim body; The heat that produces in the response exothermal reaction process melts described apparent surface; And described apparent surface's metallurgyization fused together, allow between independent runner, to carry out fluid communication simultaneously.
The present invention by the statement of above-mentioned the whole bag of tricks and device, provides a kind of heat release rope, paper tinsel, band or cloth, and this heat release rope, paper tinsel, band or cloth can benefit the mode of producing application in enormous quantities especially and manufacture.The present invention adopts commercial available line product, can have lower cost production heat-releasing devices such as heat release paper tinsel relatively now.The inventive method can fully improve the output of finished product.By the size ratio of control unit cross section, can regulate the controllable degree of exothermic reaction characteristics, can regulate controllable degree at the specific occasion thus.Therefore, the invention provides that a kind of cost is low, productivity is high manufacturing is used for that any known art comprises welding, soldering, brazing and as the technology of the response type multi-layered devices of the primer of combustion unit.
Description of drawings
For ease of understanding feature of the present invention, advantage and application, describe the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the simplified cross-sectional view that interface is provided with the existing oil engine of conventional spacers between cylinder head and cylinder body;
Fig. 2 is the sectional view as Fig. 1, but has showed the heat release gasket assembly of being located at the zone that once is provided with existing pad, in order to carry out making cylinder head forever be connected to the thermopositive reaction of cylinder body;
Fig. 3 is the view as Fig. 2, but has showed the permanent cylinder head that is fixed in cylinder body after the thermopositive reaction;
Fig. 4 shows the rough schematic view that bulk wires is carried out forming in the process of cold drawing operation heat-releasing device of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is roughly along the single-step sectional view of the 5-5 line among Fig. 4;
Fig. 5 A is the sectional view of single-step optional cross section, and typical bulk wires is shown in shade;
Fig. 6 is the sectional view along this rope of the 6-6 line among Fig. 4;
Fig. 7 is the side-view along the complete heat release band of the 7-7 line among Fig. 4;
Fig. 8 A and 8B are reduced graphs, have showed the heat-releasing device of being located at sequentially in welding or the attended operation process between two plates;
Fig. 9 is the rough schematic view as Fig. 4, but has showed and be applied to this rope and be of value to brazing that connection subsequently uses or the optional application of other coated materials;
Figure 10 is the synoptic diagram as Fig. 4, has showed another kind of by the method for the described line of the firm packing of twist operation with formation heat release rope;
Figure 11 is the another kind of synoptic diagram of firmly packing the method for described line by rotary swaging;
Figure 12 is roughly along the exemplary sectional view of the stamp forging mould of the 12-12 line among Figure 11; And
Figure 13 is the another kind of method of optionally passing through the described line of ultrasonic wave Friction welding technique mortise.
Specific embodiment
With reference to accompanying drawing, wherein similar numeral refers to similar or corresponding component all the time, and existing combustion engine unit comprises by cylinder bolt 14 investing cylinder head 10 on the cylinder body 12 as shown in Figure 1.Pad 16 is located between cylinder head 10 and the cylinder body 12, and is clamped under the pressure of cylinder bolt 14.Interior pressure and fluid circulation in the pad 16 sealing cylinder thoraxes are in case stopping leak leaks and maximum combustion efficiency.
In some internal combustion engine use, wish under the situation that does not have pad 16, cylinder head 10 permanently to be sealed in cylinder body 12.Recall existing fixedly cylinder cap formula oil engine, cylinder head and cylinder body form indivisible integral body, thus the oil engine of Xing Chenging have saving pad 16 expense, avoid it to become the advantage of leakage paths in time.Yet, do not adopt pad 16 and cylinder head 10 is sealed in cylinder body 12, be to be difficult to realize, because many runners 17 must be sealed.For example, transmit liquid coolant and liquid oil in each the passage runner between cylinder head 10 and cylinder body 12, with proper lubrication and cooling.Sometimes also provide passage for valve train element.Even cylinder thorax itself can be counted as runner.If these passages are not independent sealed to be isolated from each other, oil engine is understood the leakage current body so, can be contaminated between each fluid and the passage.
The present invention solves these problems in the mode shown in Fig. 2,3, and among the figure, heat-releasing device 18 strategies go up around all passages and combustion chamber and are provided with.The heat-releasing device 18 of this strategic setting can adopt the successive of arranging by a circuit, the form of serpentine band material, perhaps forms tabular, the cloth-like body element of similar modern clout body in appearance.Along with fixedly securing cylinder head 10 with compressed format in a direction indicated by the arrow, heat-releasing device 18 is lighted with the welding of realization cylinder head 10 to cylinder body 12, and therefore forms sealing, one fully internal-combustion engine arrangement, and need not to adopt pad 16.Though Fig. 2 does not show the continuous use of cylinder bolt 14, can keep some or all of cylinder bolts 14, to strengthen integrity.
Energy derive, representational match 20 for example shown in Figure 2 is lighted the wick part 21 that heat-releasing device 18 exposes, and is enabled in the thermopositive reaction that spreads between its clearance layer thus.As the replacement device of match 20, can use electrical spark device, laser beam or other can produce the device of necessary thermal shocking.(typically, nickel and aluminium be provided with very big interface zone between) the alternating layer, the igniting of flame source 20 causes atom and molecule short mix and combination in high thermopositive reaction of composition material because heat-releasing device 18 is at its composition material.In case in the local heat that produces of firing point, it will conduct along this heat-releasing device 18, and start the mixing of other atoms and molecule, thereby keep this reaction.The speed that reaction front carries out depends on the physicals and the array mode thereof of composition material.Reaction front causes atom to diffuse normally to these alternating layers, and heat is conducted abreast with these alternating layers.
Except that adopting heat-releasing device 18 that cylinder head 10 is connected to the cylinder body 12, using these technology for good and all other elements to be sealed in also is possible in the oil engine.For example, this internal combustion engine air vent can be permanently sealed to exhaust manifold, inlet mouth can be permanently sealed to intake manifold, perhaps various lids or housing can be fixed under the sealed-for-life state.Where no matter pass by pad is used for, even non-automotive field, all can adopt heat-releasing device 18 and technology as described herein to change component into permanent fixing and sealing.
Therefore, the heat-releasing device 18 that is used for the sealed-for-life engine components can adopt the exothermic material of existing type to realize.Yet the present invention also provides a kind of new technology that adopts the bulk wires manufacturing heat-releasing device 18 of composition material, as shown in Figure 4.As above mentioned, composition material can be nickel and aluminium or its alloy, but also can adopt other materials, comprises titanium aluminide etc.In fact, any current known, the available material that is used for response type multilayer paper tinsel occasion all can be used in the context of the invention.
For example, the bulk wires of commercial grade nickel 22 among Fig. 4 and aluminium 24 easily obtains from multiple commercial source.The cross section that these bulk wires 22,24 typically have circular.These commercial available lines 22,24 are the reducing die 26 cold drawn (being lower than 100 ℃) by separately at first.This bulk wires 22,24 can adopt any effective dimensions, but verified when its diameter during at 50 micrometer ranges, can obtain promising result.This elongates for the first time to operate under blanketing gas (for example nitrogen or the argon) environment and carries out, and has removed all oxides and other pollutions from line 22,24, and therefore the clean surface that is suitable for thermopositive reaction is provided.
As shown in Figure 5, first elongates the initial diameter that mould 26 can only reduce bulk wires, produces littler circular cross section thus.Yet mould 26 provides all or part of geometrical shape to line 22,24 alternatively, for example shown in Fig. 5 A.In this example, first mould 26 helps nested better and increase the surface to contact for line 22,24 provides hexagonal cross-section, and is represented as the shade adjacent lines.Certainly, other thread shape also are possible.
Elongate in case elongate mould 26 through first, line 22,24 is merged by second mould 28 and is elongated as a branch of, and this second mould 28 is clamp-oned rope 30 with line 22,24.This restricts 30 typical cross section that adopt as shown in Figure 6, and the surface of for example understanding this line 22,24 is by viscous deformation essence contact each other, to set up surf zone between the bulk interface between each line 22,24.It is variable entirely that those of ordinary skill in the art is easy to learn that the wire harness of line 22,24 counts up to, and 5 wire harness shown in the figure are only for illustrating. Such line 22,24 is minimum must two, but does not have maximum quantitative limitation.Can adopt the wire harness of 10 times or 100 times wire harness numbers.
Can be used for thermopositive reaction with consequent form immediately through second rope 30 that elongates mould 28 processing, perhaps, can further be shaped, produce and be similar to ribbon shown in Figure 7 by the progressive mould 32 that rolls.Alternatively, rope 30 can be configured as other styles or structure, is not limited to plane band shape shown in Figure 7.Similarly, the cross section that finally obtains also needs not to be successive.Therefore, rope 30 can be shaped by the known any method of those of ordinary skills, comprises punching press, further elongates, forge, or the like.
The for example clear in a simplified manner order that adopts the heat-releasing device of lighting by flame source 20 18 to weld upper plates 34 and lower plate 36 of Fig. 8 A and 8B.In case light at 21 places at wick, thermopositive reaction spreads along device 18, melts the apparent surface simultaneously along this path.
Fig. 9 illustrates the additional utilisation technology of forming process of the present invention.Consequently made the heat-releasing device 118 that changes slightly.At this, composition bulk wires 122,124 is passed through the elongation of first described in embodiment mould 126 stretchings as described above, then merges, and passes through the second elongation mould, 128 stretchings as shown in Figure 4 again.Then, carry out coating operation,, thereby encase heat-releasing device 11 ' so that carry out follow-up attended operation with set suspension in the funnel 140 or Powdered brazing material 138 130 the outside surface that is applied to restrict to elongating the rope of making behind the mould 130 through second.Also can adopt other coatings to replace brazing material 138, for example scolder, solder flux or other useful materials.In case the material 138 that sprays fully solidifies or be dry, heat-releasing device 118 promptly can be used for (just, being not limited to oil engine) in any possible application.
Figure 10 also for example understands another kind of optionally heat-releasing device 218 forming techniques.In this case, elongate bulk wires 222,224, then together bring it into torsion device 242 by first mold 226.Torsion device 242 comprises the neck portion 244 that is driven by gear 246 by motor 248.Twist operation replaces second shown in Fig. 4 and 9 to elongate mould 228, line 222 and 224 is closely linked to form the bulk exotherm that has good interfacial contact between the line 222 and 224 to form effectively.The rope 230 of the tool torsion structure that obtains promptly can be used for maybe can applying brazing material in the thermopositive reaction, as described above described in the example.Alternatively, the rope 230 of resulting tool torsion structure can adopt the rolling or shaping of progressive cylinder, shown in the image pattern 4, perhaps adopts other post forming technology, to obtain the final heat-releasing device 218 of desirable shape.Using with the exothermic material plate is under the favourable situation,, cloth is easy to tie many exotherms by braiding or felt and forms.
Figure 11 illustrates and adopts rotary swaging assembly reaction thing.In this embodiment, second mould 328 is formed by a plurality of parts 350, and these a plurality of parts 350 can start separately with " hammering " wire harness 322,324, makes it form the closely state of parcel, as shown in figure 12.The mould of swage machining simultaneously 328 thinks that the rope of making 330 provides torsion or only allows the line keeping parallelism.
Figure 13 illustrates and adopts ultrasonic welding association reaction thing.At this moment, second mould, 428 high-frequency vibrations are with independent line 422,424 surface-welding together.Rotatable mould 428 makes resulting rope 430 shape in the shape of a spiral, as described above described in the example.
Can use various mounting technologies with and make the heat-releasing device that finally obtains produce various additional variations, make it be used for existing response type multilayer paper tinsel and the applied any occasion of coating.Therefore, when adopting illustrational mode to describe when of the present invention, be appreciated that in the literary composition term that is adopted to be used to describe the present invention, and unrestricted the present invention.
Clearly, can make various changes and modification to the present invention according to above description.Therefore, be appreciated that and remove above-mentioned particular implementation exception that the present invention can otherwise implement, and is not limited to described in the above-mentioned specification sheets.
Claims (20)
1. method of making multi-thread bundle heat-releasing device, this multi-thread bundle heat-releasing device is used for spreading thermopositive reaction with the response initial thermal shock between its wire harness, and this method comprises the following steps:
Provide extended first line, the cross section that this first-line composition metallic substance has circular;
Provide extended second line, the cross section that this second-line composition metallic substance is different from described first-line composition metallic substance and has circular;
In anaerobic voltinism environment, pass through cold drawn described first line of reducing die;
In anaerobic voltinism environment, pass through cold drawn described second line of reducing die;
Described first and second lines are in contact with one another; And
Making the viscous deformation simultaneously of described first and second lines is a whole rope, makes the surperficial crimping of described first and second lines so that continue to spread thermopositive reaction, responds initial thermal shock.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the described step of the first and second line viscous deformation that makes comprises by cold drawn described first and second lines of reducing die.
3. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the described step that makes the viscous deformation simultaneously of first and second lines comprises in the mode of spiral roughly together reverses described first and second lines.
4. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the described step of first and second lines viscous deformation simultaneously that makes comprises that the while is cold drawn and reverses described first and second lines.
5. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the described step of first and second lines viscous deformation simultaneously that makes comprises die forging.
6. method according to claim 5 is characterized in that, the described step that makes the viscous deformation simultaneously of first and second lines further comprises described line reversed and is helicoidal configuration roughly.
7. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the described step of first and second lines viscous deformation simultaneously that makes comprises the mutual ultrasonic welding of described first and second lines.
8. method according to claim 7 is characterized in that, the described step that makes the viscous deformation simultaneously of first and second lines further comprises described line reversed and is helicoidal configuration.
9. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, after the described step that makes the viscous deformation simultaneously of first and second lines, further comprises material coating is applied to step on the described whole rope.
10. method according to claim 9 is characterized in that, the step of described Material Used coating comprises that being coated with the described integral body of stain restricts.
11. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, further comprises the step that a plurality of described ropes is woven to cloth.
12. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, after the described step that makes the viscous deformation simultaneously of first and second lines, further comprises the step of the described whole rope of leveling.
13. method according to claim 12 is characterized in that, described screed step further comprises makes described whole rope pass through milling train.
14. be used in oil engine, cylinder head being sealed to the disposable pad of cylinder body, comprise:
Plate-like body;
At least one is formed at described intrinsic cylinder thorax opening;
At least one is formed at described intrinsic fluid course, and described fluid course and described cylinder thorax opening are isolated; And
Described body is made of the multi-thread bundle heat-releasing device of response type, this multi-thread bundle heat-releasing device is used to spread thermopositive reaction with the response initial thermal shock, the heat that produces in the exothermal reaction process is enough to described cylinder head and the fusion of described cylinder body metallurgyization are kept the fluid isolation between described cylinder thorax opening and the described fluid course simultaneously.
15. device according to claim 14 is characterized in that, described body comprises outstanding safety fuse.
16. device according to claim 14, it is characterized in that, described multi-thread bundle heat-releasing device forms metallic substance by first in essence and second cross hatch of forming metallic substance is formed, and it is different that the described second composition metallic substance and described first is formed metallic substance.
17. device according to claim 16 is characterized in that, described first forms metallic substance is made up of aluminum base alloy in essence.
18. device according to claim 16 is characterized in that, described second forms metallic substance is made up of nickel-base alloy in essence.
19. a method of setting up fluid tight seal between opposite face forms at least two discrete runners between this opposite face, described method comprises the following steps:
Adopt the multi-thread bundle heat-releasing device of response type to form pad, described multi-thread bundle heat-releasing device is used to spread thermopositive reaction with the response initial thermal shock;
On described pad, form the independent runner at least two intervals, to transmit fluid materials relatively between the surface described two;
Opening on the described pad is aimed at the runner on the described apparent surface;
With described gasket compression between described apparent surface;
Start the thermopositive reaction that spreads in the shim body;
The heat that produces in the response exothermal reaction process melts described apparent surface; And
Described apparent surface's metallurgyization is fused to described runner peripheral region,, allows between independent runner, to carry out fluid communication simultaneously so that this apparent surface permanently is sealed.
20. method according to claim 19 is characterized in that, the step of described formation pad comprises provides extended first line, the cross section that this first-line composition metallic substance has circular; Provide extended second line, the cross section that this second-line composition metallic substance is different from described first-line composition metal and has circular; In anaerobic voltinism environment, pass through cold drawn described first line of reducing die; In anaerobic voltinism environment, pass through cold drawn described second line of reducing die; Described first and second lines are in contact with one another; And to make the viscous deformation simultaneously of described first and second lines be a whole rope.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US66799905P | 2005-04-04 | 2005-04-04 | |
| US60/667,999 | 2005-04-04 | ||
| US11/278,449 | 2006-04-03 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101218366A true CN101218366A (en) | 2008-07-09 |
| CN100549207C CN100549207C (en) | 2009-10-14 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2006800146929A Expired - Fee Related CN100549207C (en) | 2005-04-04 | 2006-04-04 | The exotherm that connects substrate |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103233882A (en) * | 2013-04-16 | 2013-08-07 | 南京恒达压缩机有限公司 | Cylinder cover head and machining method |
| CN105556103A (en) * | 2013-07-09 | 2016-05-04 | 布里格斯斯特拉顿公司 | Method for detecting defective injection nozzles of an internal combustion engine |
| US9856822B2 (en) | 2013-07-09 | 2018-01-02 | Briggs & Stratton Corporation | Welded engine block for small internal combustion engines |
| US10202938B2 (en) | 2013-07-09 | 2019-02-12 | Briggs & Stratton Corporation | Welded engine block for small internal combustion engines |
| US11761402B2 (en) | 2020-03-02 | 2023-09-19 | Briggs & Stratton, Llc | Internal combustion engine with reduced oil maintenance |
-
2006
- 2006-04-04 CN CNB2006800146929A patent/CN100549207C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103233882A (en) * | 2013-04-16 | 2013-08-07 | 南京恒达压缩机有限公司 | Cylinder cover head and machining method |
| CN105556103A (en) * | 2013-07-09 | 2016-05-04 | 布里格斯斯特拉顿公司 | Method for detecting defective injection nozzles of an internal combustion engine |
| US9856822B2 (en) | 2013-07-09 | 2018-01-02 | Briggs & Stratton Corporation | Welded engine block for small internal combustion engines |
| US9863363B2 (en) | 2013-07-09 | 2018-01-09 | Briggs & Stratton Corporation | Welded engine block for small internal combustion engines |
| CN108678866A (en) * | 2013-07-09 | 2018-10-19 | 布里格斯斯特拉顿公司 | The welding engine cylinder body of compact internal combustion engine |
| US10202938B2 (en) | 2013-07-09 | 2019-02-12 | Briggs & Stratton Corporation | Welded engine block for small internal combustion engines |
| US11761402B2 (en) | 2020-03-02 | 2023-09-19 | Briggs & Stratton, Llc | Internal combustion engine with reduced oil maintenance |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN100549207C (en) | 2009-10-14 |
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Granted publication date: 20091014 Termination date: 20100404 |