Background technique
Inflammable mixture concentration is the important Operational Limits that influences engine power performance, Economy and discharging, and its method for expressing has " excess air coefficient (λ) " and " air fuel ratio (AF) " two kinds.
Desirable inflammable mixture concentration is with the variation relation of engine operating condition, and promptly the mixture strength control strategy is the important step of engine product exploitation, also is the significant design foundation of engine fuel supply system.The fuel of mixture strength control strategy and engine performance requirement, structure type, use and purposes etc. are relevant, and present different types of motor all has different separately mixture strength control strategies.
For example, the inflammable mixture of carburetor gasoline engine forms in the premixing mode outside cylinder, desirable air excess factor during idling, requires λ ≈ 0.6 with the variation relation of engine operating condition as shown in Figure 1, motor under certain rotating speed by little load during to the moderate duty transition, require λ to increase to economic mixed gas gradually, promptly λ ≈ 1.1, when changing to big full load by moderate duty, require λ to be decreased to the power mixed gas, promptly λ ≈ 0.88.The main feature that is the petrol engine of feature with this mixture strength control strategy is: 1. simple in structure, the reliable operation of fuel supply system; 2. mixture strength is " amount regulate " mode, can't realize accurate control, and power character is difficult to unify with less economical and both contradictions; 3. be difficult to satisfy the emission regulation demands of increasingly stringent.
And for example, the electronic gasoline injection petrol engine of triple mode catalytic converter is housed and since only near air excess factor=1.0 of mixed gas the time catalyst to HC, CO and NO
xPurification ratio could reach maximum simultaneously, so the mixture strength control strategy of this motor is air excess factor ≈ 1.0 in all operating ranges, as shown in Figure 2.Be characterized in: the feedback that has 1. realized air fuel ratio is accurately controlled; 2. power character and Economy are all better; 3. outside cylinder, effectively controlled emission of harmful substances.
The common problem that exists of above-mentioned engine mixed gas concentration control strategy is: be fuel with gasoline 1., do not break away from the undue dependence to oil; 1. the mixed gas lean combustion can't be realized, emission of harmful substances can not be in cylinder, effectively reduced.
Along with the scarcity day by day of petroleum resources and the strictness day by day of Abgasgesetz, engine art researcher is carrying out application study to the new energy technology that comprises alcohols and Hydrogen Energy always, wherein the ethanol modification technology is to utilize engine exhaust heat that ethanol is carried out upgrading in specific device to obtain rich hydrogen mixed gas, and lights work done in engine cylinder.From existing patent or research data, the emphasis of this technology concentrates on the hardware that utilizes engine exhaust heat to prepare rich hydrogen mixed gas, and control strategy and its implementation of using rich hydrogen mixed gas engine fuel mixture strength still are blank.
The inventor from nineteen eighty-three so far, successively methyl alcohol, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), compressed natural gas, aqueous alcohol etc. are substituted the application technology of fuel on motors such as BJ492Q, CY6102, CY4102, DC6110, SH6114, BJ492 and EQ6100 and carried out the deep research of system, pass through technical evaluation, obtained " diesel engine is mixed and burnt LP gas fuel supplier (ZL00 2 29897.X) " and " diesel engine is mixed and burnt compressed natural gas fuel supplying device (ZL 02 279417.4) " binomial china national practical new-type patent.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is at using that rich hydrogen mixed gas engine fuel proposed is the mixture strength control strategy of major character with the lean combustion, and has designed the fuel engines combustible hydrogen-rich gaseous mixture concentration control apparatus that " amount is regulated " combines with " matter adjusting ".
Technological scheme of the present invention: fuel engines combustible hydrogen-rich gaseous mixture concentration control method of the present invention is:
1) control that uses fuel engines combustible hydrogen-rich gaseous mixture concentration is satisfied:
1. the inflammable mixture lean combustion is realized in 1.0≤λ≤1.5 in motor all working operating mode scope;
2. motor is when operating mode commonly used 40%~80% load, 1.2≤λ≤1.5;
2) method that fuel engines combustible hydrogen-rich gaseous mixture concentration employing " amount is regulated " combines with " matter adjusting " is controlled.
Described fuel engines combustible hydrogen-rich gaseous mixture concentration control method, motor under a certain rotating speed, during the idling lotus, air excess factor=1.0~1.03; Along with the increase of load, rich hydrogen mixture strength is thinning gradually, and during to 70%~80% load, it is the rarest that mixture strength reaches, 1.35≤λ≤1.5; When load increases in 100% process by 70%~80%, mixture strength is thickened by the rarest apace, λ=1.0~1.02 during to 100% load.
A kind of fuel engines combustible hydrogen-rich gaseous mixture concentration control apparatus comprises the closure in mixer and air inlet thereof, rich hydrogen mixed gas fuel air pipe, inflammable mixture outlet, the mixer mixing chamber.It is characterized in that: butterfly type upgrading valve 1-3 is installed in rich hydrogen mixed gas fuel air pipe 1-1c, and the rocking arm 1-4 of the rocking arm 1-10 of closure 1-11 and butterfly type upgrading valve 1-3 is connected with transmission pin 1-8a, the 1-8b of differential tramsmitting linkage respectively; Transmission pin 1-8a, 1-8b pass the chute 1-7a on the arm-tie 1-6 of differential transmission mechanism respectively), 1-7b; The end of driving spring 1-9 is connected with control pin 1-8a, and the other end is fixed on arm-tie 1-6 and goes up on the end 1-13 who links to each other with gas pedal; The other end of arm-tie 1-6 has return spring 1-5; In rocking arm 1-4 one side butterfly type upgrading valve 1-3 initial position is installed and adjusts screw 1-12, opposite side is installed butterfly type upgrading valve 1-3 maximum opening stop screw 1-2.
Another kind of rich hydrogen mixed gas engine fuel mixture control unit, comprise the closure in mixer and air inlet thereof, rich hydrogen mixed gas fuel air mouth, inflammable mixture outlet, the mixer mixing chamber, it is characterized in that: rich hydrogen mixed gas fuel-control unit 2 is installed at the place at rich hydrogen mixed gas fuel air mouth, is divided into A, B, three chambers of C by valve seat 2-3, dividing plate 2-4 in the fuel-control unit 2; Chamber A communicates with the rich hydrogen mixed gas fuel inlet 2-1c of mixer, and chamber B has the import 2-17 of rich hydrogen mixed gas fuel; Valve seat 2-3 goes up tapered upgrading valve 2-2 is installed; The driving mechanism of tapered upgrading valve is installed in the cavity C; The valve rod of tapered upgrading valve 2-2 passes dividing plate 2-4 and is connected with roller body 2-6, between roller body 2-6 and the dividing plate 2-4 return spring 2-5 is arranged; Roller body 2-6 is butted on the cam 2-8 of driving mechanism, and cam 2-8 is fixed on the camshaft 2-7, and the end of camshaft 2-7 is installed the driving disc 2-15 of differential coupling, and the other end of camshaft 2-7 stretches out from cavity C, is connected with the rocking arm 2-18 of gas pedal; Throttle plate pin return spring 2-9 is installed on the camshaft between controller 2 shells and the rocking arm 2-18; The driven disc 2-12 of differential coupling is installed in the end of throttle plate pin 2-10, transmission pin 2-16 is arranged on the driving disc 2-15, driven disc 2-12 goes up correspondence and has circumferential chute 2-13, driving spring 2-14 is installed among the circumferential chute 2-13, and the transmission pin 2-16 of driving disc 2-15 inserts the end of the circumferential chute 2-13 of driven disc 2-12.
Advantage of the present invention: the major advantage of rich hydrogen mixed gas engine fuel mixture strength control strategy of the present invention is: 1. 1.0≤λ in the motor all working scope≤1.5, and when operating mode commonly used (40%~80% load), 1.2 the mixed gas lean combustion has been realized in≤λ≤1.5; 2. in cylinder, suppressed the generation of pollutant effectively, wherein, NO
xDischarge amount on average descend more than 80% than the homotype petrol engine, the limits value far below current the strictest Abgasgesetz approaches " zero pollutes ".
Notable feature of the present invention is:
1. find rich hydrogen mixed gas engine fuel mixture strength control strategy, realized the mixed gas lean combustion in the motor operating mode scope commonly used, filled up the blank of this research field;
2. designed the control gear of rich hydrogen mixed gas engine fuel mixture strength control strategy.Method that this control gear adopts " amount is regulated " and " matter adjusting " to combine has realized rich hydrogen mixed gas engine fuel mixture strength control strategy, and this control gear mechanically is major character, simple in structure, reliable operation;
3. can be with alcohol is that the application of renewable energy sources on conventional engines of representative provides technical support.
Embodiment
1. control strategy foundation:
The characteristics of rich hydrogen mixed gas fuel are that flame propagation speed allows to adopt rarer mixed gas; The octane value height allows higher compression ratio; Volume calorific value and coefficient of molecular change minimum have significantly to tie up air effect.Therefore its thermal efficiency is higher, and maximum combustion temperature is lower, helps reducing NO
xDischarge amount, but the power character of motor can descend to some extent.
Through great deal of experimental, and take all factors into consideration the performances such as power, economy and discharging of motor, the control curve of determining rich hydrogen mixed gas engine fuel mixture strength as shown in Figure 3, the relation of Fig. 9 engine load of the present invention and excess air coefficient:
1) control that uses fuel engines combustible hydrogen-rich gaseous mixture concentration is satisfied:
1. the inflammable mixture lean combustion is realized in 1.0≤λ≤1.5 in motor all working operating mode scope;
2. motor is when operating mode commonly used 40%~80% load, 1.2≤λ≤1.5;
2) method that fuel engines combustible hydrogen-rich gaseous mixture concentration employing " amount is regulated " combines with " matter adjusting " is controlled.
Motor under a certain rotating speed, during the idling lotus, air excess factor=1.0~1.03; Along with the increase of load, rich hydrogen mixture strength is thinning gradually, and during to 70%~80% load, it is the rarest that mixture strength reaches, 1.35≤λ≤1.5; When load increases in 100% process by 70%~80%, mixture strength is thickened by the rarest apace, λ=1.0~1.02 during to 100% load.
Fig. 4 is a kind of air excess factor control gear schematic representation: device comprises the closure in mixer and air inlet thereof, rich hydrogen mixed gas fuel air pipe, inflammable mixture outlet, the mixer mixing chamber, butterfly type upgrading valve 1-3 is installed in rich hydrogen mixed gas fuel air pipe 1-1c, and the rocking arm 1-4 of the rocking arm 1-10 of closure 1-11 and butterfly type upgrading valve 1-3 is connected with transmission pin 1-8a, the 1-8b of differential tramsmitting linkage respectively; Transmission pin 1-8a, 1-8b pass chute 1-7a, the 1-7b on the arm-tie 1-6 of differential transmission mechanism; The end of driving spring 1-9 is connected with control pin 1-8a, and the other end is fixed on arm-tie 1-6 and goes up on the end 1-13 who links to each other with gas pedal; The other end of arm-tie 1-6 has return spring 1-5; In rocking arm 1-4 one side butterfly type upgrading valve 1-3 initial position is installed and adjusts screw 1-12, opposite side is installed butterfly type upgrading valve 1-3 maximum opening stop screw 1-2.During assembling, the relative position relation between each parts should meet design requirement, and wherein the initial position of butterfly type upgrading valve 1-3 can be adjusted screw 1-12 by it and adjust and rely on the return spring maintenance of self.
The working principle of excess air coefficient control gear shown in Figure 4 is:
When 1. the motor high idle speed turns round, gas pedal place free state, closure 1-11 is near closing, butterfly type upgrading valve 1-3 is in the initial position of setting, rich hydrogen mixed gas is inhaled into mixer 1-1 through upgrading valve 1-3, and in this and air mixing after closure 1-11 enters cylinder, this moment inflammable mixture air excess factor=1.01~1.03;
2. along with the increase of loading, gas pedal drives arm-tie 1-6 to left, driving spring 1-9 is stretched, and drive closure 1-11 around its rotational by pin and throttle plate pin rocking arm 1-10, can move freely in the chute of right side with respect to arm-tie because of pin 1-8b simultaneously, butterfly type upgrading valve 1-3 keeps initial position constant.Increase along with the aperture of closure 1-11, the air and the Fu Qing mixed gas flow that enter cylinder all increase, but the rate of rise of air is greater than the rate of rise of rich hydrogen mixed gas fuel, inflammable mixture is thinning gradually, during to the 75% load left and right sides, it is maximum that the aperture of closure 1-11 reaches, and arm-tie 1-6 right side chute disappears with respect to the free travel of pin 1-8b, at this moment air excess factor=1.35~1.50 of inflammable mixture.The mixture strength regulative mode in this stage is similar to carburetor gasoline engine, is " amount is regulated ";
3. along with the further increase of load, arm-tie 1-6 continues to left, and closure 1-11 keeps fully open position constant, and arm-tie 1-6 drives butterfly type upgrading valve 1-3 around its rotational by rocking arm 1-4, and the aperture of butterfly type upgrading valve 1-3 increases gradually.At this moment, the rich hydrogen mixed gas fuel quantity that is inhaled into cylinder reduces to increase because of the throttle resistance of dish valve, simultaneously because of engine speed, throttle opening is constant and the effect that ties up of rich hydrogen mixed gas, the air quantity that enters cylinder reduces to some extent, inflammable mixture thickens with fast speed, air excess factor=1.0~1.02 of inflammable mixture during to 100% load.The mixture strength regulative mode in this stage is similar to traditional diesel engine, is " matter adjusting ";
4. engine load reduces, and unclamps gas pedal, and arm-tie 1-6, closure 1-11 and butterfly type upgrading valve 1-3 return to the relevant position in the above-mentioned path, effect lower edge of return spring separately, and the air excess factor of inflammable mixture also is changed to corresponding value.
Fig. 5 is second kind of rich hydrogen mixed gas fuel air excess factor control gear schematic representation of the present invention.Fig. 6 is a driven disc 2-12 structural representation.Fig. 7 is a driving disc 2-15 structural representation.Fig. 8 is a cam 2-8 structural representation.
As shown in the figure, this excess air coefficient control gear comprises the closure in mixer and air inlet thereof, rich hydrogen mixed gas fuel air mouth, inflammable mixture outlet, the mixer mixing chamber, rich hydrogen mixed gas fuel-control unit 2 is installed at the place at rich hydrogen mixed gas fuel air mouth, is separated into A, B, three chambers of C by valve seat 2-3, dividing plate 2-4 in the fuel-control unit 2; Chamber A communicates with the rich hydrogen mixed gas fuel inlet 2-1c of mixer, and chamber B has the import 2-17 of rich hydrogen mixed gas fuel; Valve seat 2-3 goes up tapered upgrading valve 2-2 is installed; The driving mechanism of tapered upgrading valve is installed in the cavity C; The valve rod of tapered upgrading valve 2-2 passes dividing plate 2-4 and is connected with roller body 2-6, between roller body 2-6 and the dividing plate 2-4 return spring 2-5 is arranged; Roller body 2-6 is butted on the cam 2-8 of driving mechanism, and cam 2-8 is fixed on the camshaft 2-7, and the end of camshaft 2-7 is installed the driving disc 2-15 of differential coupling; The other end of camshaft 2-7 stretches out from cavity C, is connected with the rocking arm 2-18 of gas pedal; The driven disc 2-12 of differential coupling is installed in the end of closure door-hinge 1-14, transmission pin 2-16 is arranged on the driving disc 2-15, driven disc 2-12 goes up correspondence and has circumferential chute 2-13, driving spring 2-14 is contained among the circumferential chute 2-13, and the transmission pin 2-16 of driving disc 2-15 inserts the end of the circumferential chute 2-13 of driven disc 2-12.
Upgrading valve is a normally open valve, and its initial opening and the characteristics of motion are controlled by cam, and the cam work section is the D-E-F cambered surface, and wherein the D-E section is circular cambered surface, and the E-F section is for becoming the radius vector cambered surface.During assembling, the relative position relation between each parts should meet design requirement.
Excess air coefficient control gear working principle shown in Figure 5 is similar substantially to the working principle of control gear shown in Figure 4.(engine speed is constant)
1. load when increasing to 75% left and right sides by 0, the pedal of stepping on the throttle, camshaft 2-7, cam 2-8 and differential coupling driving disc 2-15 rotate along direction as shown, this moment, cam rotated to the E point by the D point, tapered upgrading valve 2-2 keeps initial opening constant, while coupling driving disc 2-15 drives driven disc 2-12 by transmission pin 2-16 and driving spring 2-14 and throttle plate pin rotates in the same way, and throttle opening increases to standard-sized sheet gradually by minimum.The air excess factor of inflammable mixture increases to 1.35~1.50 gradually by 1.01~1.03, and the mixture strength regulative mode in this stage is " amount is regulated ";
2. load and increase at 100% o'clock by about 75%, continue the pedal of stepping on the throttle, closure keeps full-gear constant, driving disc 2-15, camshaft 2-7 and cam 2-8 continue rotation because of driving spring 2-14 can further compress simultaneously, cam cambered surface radius vector increases, upgrading valve 2-2 aperture increases thereupon, the rich hydrogen mixed gas fuel that is inhaled in the cylinder increases, the air excess factor of inflammable mixture is decreased to about 1.0 with fast speed by 1.35~1.50, realizes " the matter adjusting " of inflammable mixture concentration;
When 3. load reduces, unclamp gas pedal, returns such as closure 2-10, tapered upgrading valve 2-2, the air excess factor of inflammable mixture also is changed to corresponding value.
Rich hydrogen mixed gas engine fuel air excess factor control gear is not limited to the above.
The rich hydrogen mixed gas fuel of indication of the present invention can derive from biomass energies such as alcohol.
Example
The rich hydrogen mixed gas that the inventor obtains after utilizing aqueous alcohol to reform is fuel, adopt above-mentioned excess air coefficient control gear, traditional EQ6100 electronic gasoline injection gasoline engine refitting is become reformed gas-aqueous alcohol reformed gas dual-purpose fuel engine, and carried out a large amount of engine rig tests, test result shows:
1. realize above-mentioned rich hydrogen mixture strength control strategy, in motor all working scope, realized lean combustion (as shown in Figure 9);
2. in cylinder, suppressed the generation of pollutant effectively, wherein, NO
xDischarge amount on average descend more than 80% than the homotype petrol engine, far below the current limits value of strict Abgasgesetz;
3. compare with the homotype petrol engine, the power character of motor can descend to some extent.