CN101215461A - Complete-oil synthetic base drilling fluid - Google Patents
Complete-oil synthetic base drilling fluid Download PDFInfo
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- CN101215461A CN101215461A CNA2008100556568A CN200810055656A CN101215461A CN 101215461 A CN101215461 A CN 101215461A CN A2008100556568 A CNA2008100556568 A CN A2008100556568A CN 200810055656 A CN200810055656 A CN 200810055656A CN 101215461 A CN101215461 A CN 101215461A
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Abstract
The invention discloses whole-oil synthetic base drilling fluid which mainly comprises following components: base liquid 100 parts, histosol 2-5 parts, viscosity increaser 0.5-3 parts, filtrate reducer 2-5 parts, wetting agent 0.5-2 parts, emulsifier 1-3 parts, calcium oxide 0.5 part and weighting agent 27-180 parts. The invention has the advantages that firstly, the rheological property is good and the plastic viscosity is low, secondly, the anti-temperature performance is good and anti-temperature can reach 150 DEG C, thirdly, the invention is provided with good water loss wall building performance with API filter loss content<5ml and high temperature and high pressure filter loss content <= 10 ml, fourthly, the anti-pollution ability is strong and the anti-poor soil ability and the anti-water invasion ability respectively reach 20%, and fifthly, reservoir has good protective effects and the permeability recovery value is over 85%.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of operation liquid in the drilling engineering, specifically, is a kind of complete-oil synthetic base drilling fluid.
Background technology
Invert oil-emulsion drilling fluid (water 〉=10%) is used widely at present, but still exists following several respects deficiency:
(1) shear thinning behavior is poor.The plastic viscosity height of invert oil-emulsion drilling fluid and yield value is lower causes the viscosity under the low shear rate on the low side, thereby influences mechanical separator speed and hole cleaning to a certain extent.
(2) activity of water is difficult to all keep the activity balance with the bore various stratum of meeting in the system.Owing to be difficult to activity by regulating water in the invert oil-emulsion drilling fluid at any time with the activity of balance Different Strata, therefore can not guarantee that the various stratum of easily collapsing (the particularly high stratum of smectite content) do not cause aquation and make borehole well instability.
(3) there are potential damage factors such as wettability reversal and emulsification obstruction.In the invert oil-emulsion drilling fluid system, hydrophilic rock surface became oleophylic near a large amount of uses of emulsifying agent and wetting agent often made the borehole wall, making olefiant relative permeability descends, the relative permeability of water rises, and in rock pore throat, crack, form the very high milk sap of viscosity, increase the resistance to flow of oil gas.
(4) the invert mud system belongs to thermodynamic unstable system, and the danger that exists emulsification to lose efficacy needs to use a large amount of emulsifying agents, has increased cost virtually.
The not moisture or water content few (＜5%) of full oil base drilling fluid has the following advantages:
(1) to emulsifying stability require relatively lowly, can reduce the emulsifying agent consumption.
(2) reduce the concentration of emulsification water droplet in the system, can reduce plastic viscosity.
(3) need not to consider water activity and stratum activity equilibrium problem, thereby full oil base drilling fluid more helps protecting reservoir and improves drilling speed.
Full oil base drilling fluid range of application:
(1) stratum that differs greatly of drilling strata water activity.
(2) stratum of easily collapsing such as soft, hard brittle shale.
(3) the higher water-sensitive strata of smectite content.
(4) low-pressure stratum of energy decline.
(5) ocean deepwater drilling.
From the developmental stage of oil base drilling fluid, because invert oil-emulsion drilling fluid does not grow up as yet, what use before the 1950's nearly all is full oil base drilling fluid, and this moment, full oil base drilling fluid used pitch in a large number, the plastic viscosity height, and rate of penetration is lower.In order to improve drilling speed,, used low colloid invert oil-emulsion drilling fluid more widely since 20th century the mid-1970s.Since early 1980s, tentatively promoted the use of again with the low toxicity invert oil-emulsion drilling fluid of mineral oil as base fluid.Since the nineties in 20th century,, in marine drilling, developed another kind of environment-friendly type drilling fluid---synthetic base drilling fluid again along with more and more stricter to requirement on environmental protection.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention provides the complete-oil synthetic base drilling fluid that a kind of contamination resistance is strong, plastic viscosity is low.
In order to address the above problem, to the invention provides a kind of complete-oil synthetic base drilling fluid and comprise following component:
100 parts of base fluids
2～5 parts of organophilic clays
0.5～3 part of tackifier
2～5 parts of fluid loss agents
0.5～2 part of wetting agent
1～3 part of emulsifying agent
0.5 part in calcium oxide
27～180 parts of weighting agents.
Advantage of the present invention is:
(1) rheological is good, and plastic viscosity is low;
(2) heat-resisting property is good, and temperature resistance can reach 150 ℃;
(3) have good dehydration wall building properties, API filtration＜5ml, high temperature and high pre ssure filtration≤10ml;
(4) contamination resistance is strong, and the ability of anti-soil inferior and anti-water enchroachment (invasion) can reach 20% respectively;
(5) reservoir protection is effective, and permeability resume figure is more than 85%.
Embodiment
The present invention mainly comprises following component: 27～180 parts of 100 parts of base fluids, 2～5 parts of organophilic clays, 0.5～3 part of tackifier, 2～5 parts of fluid loss agents, 0.5～2 part of wetting agent, 1～3 part of emulsifying agent, 0.5 part in calcium oxide and weighting agents.
Make a detailed description with regard to each component below:
(1) base fluid
Base fluid is the dispersion medium of oil base drilling fluid, and early stage full oil base drilling fluid is made base fluid with diesel oil, and the bio-toxicity height along with the enhancing of environmental protection consciousness, requires to use the mineral oil of low toxicity, synthetic base fluid, as alpha-olefin, gasification wet goods.
(2) organophilic clay
In complete-oil synthetic base drilling fluid, organophilic clay is mainly used in and improves viscosity and shear force, and the effect of landing leak-off.Organophilic clay is quaternary ammonium salt modified and get through long alkyl chain length by the smectites clay mineral.The number of the carbochain in the alkyl quaternary ammonium salts of above-mentioned long carbochain is one or more compositions among C12, C14, C16, the C18.
(3) tackifier
Tackifier are used to improve drilling fluid viscosity and shear force, and can reduce the filter loss of drilling fluid simultaneously.Complete in the past oil base drilling fluid asphalt product commonly used causes the reservoir rocks wettability reversal, because its dosage up to more than 5～10%, makes to cause rate of penetration lower by drilling fluid plastic viscosity height easily as tackifier.In order to reduce the tackifier dosage, improve rate of penetration, tackifier of the present invention are to contain non-sulfonated thermoplastic polymer, and this non-sulfonated thermoplastic polymkeric substance can contain one or more following polymkeric substance: nylon, rubber, linear polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, polystyrene, ethylene-propylene copolymer, base polyurethane prepolymer for use as, styrene-butadiene latex etc.Wherein, rubber can contain one or more following polymkeric substance: chloroprene rubber, polyisoprene rubber, Polybutadiene-styrene rubber, polybutene, Polybutadiene-styrene-synthetic polyisoprene, polybutadiene rubber.The particle of above-mentioned various rubber is bigger, and the dissolution rate in base oil is slower, in order to improve its dissolution rate, resin is adopted the mode of freezing and pulverizing, crosses behind 20 mesh sieves form as product.
(4) fluid loss agent
In drilling process, the purpose that adds fluid loss agent is exactly by forming low permeability, pliable and tough, thin and fine and close filter cake on the borehole wall, reducing the filter loss of drilling fluid as much as possible, the infringement that minimizing causes hydrocarbon zone.The fluid loss agent that is used for complete-oil synthetic base drilling fluid can be made up of in humic acids modified resin, tannin extract modified resin, tannin modified resin, polyisoprene rubber, Polybutadiene-styrene rubber, polybutene, ethylene-propylene copolymer, Polybutadiene-styrene-synthetic polyisoprene, the polybutadiene rubber one or more.Wherein, humic acids modified resin is the alkylamine amidated products under certain condition by humic acids and long carbochain.This certain condition is meant that mass ratio is 80～60: 20～40, temperature is between 190 ℃～200 ℃, 10～16 hours reaction times.In addition, humic acids modification amidated products will be pulverized 60 mesh sieves in the preparation.
(5) emulsifying agent
In order to prevent in the stratum to influence the performance of drilling fluid in the water intrusion drilling fluid, still need a certain amount of emulsifying agent in the complete-oil synthetic base drilling fluid.The emulsifying agent that is used for complete-oil synthetic base drilling fluid can be made up of in long chain fatty acid acid amides, long alkyl chain length Phenylsulfonic acid calcium, the polyolefine carboxylicesters one or more.Above-mentioned long chain fatty acid acid amides is by naphthenic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid etc. and monoethanolamine, diethanolamine amidated products under certain condition, and this certain condition is meant that the acid and the molar ratio of amine are 1: 1.1～1.2, temperature of reaction is 170 ℃～180 ℃, 6～8 hours reaction times.
(6) wetting agent
Influence the performance of drilling fluid in order to prevent the drilling cuttings sedimentation of invading in high-density weighting material in the drilling fluid and the drilling process, need to add wetting agent.Wetting agent is the tensio-active agent with amphiphilic structure, a hydrophilic end and solid surface have very strong avidity in the molecule, when these molecular aggregatess at oil and solid interface and when the hydrophobic end pointed to oil phase, originally hydrophilic solid surface just changes oleophylic into, and this process is called as wettability reversal.It is wet that the adding of wetting agent can make in the drilling fluid high-density weighting material and drilling cuttings particle surface change oil into, thereby can guarantee that solid can be suspended in the oil phase.The wetting agent that is used for complete-oil synthetic base drilling fluid can be by the monoalkyl quaternary ammonium salt of long carbochain, the dialkyl quaternary ammonium salt of long carbochain, long chain fatty acid, grow a kind of in alkyl chain length trimethyl-glycine, the chain alkyl amino acid or more than one are formed.
(7) calcium oxide
Calcium oxide (CaO) is a unslaked lime, and the pH value of adjustable body system is to satisfy performance requriements.
(8) weighting agent
Weighting agent commonly used has limestone powder, ground barium sulfate and powdered iron ore, can select according to the required density of system, can select wherein one or more.
The present invention is described further below by embodiment.
Embodiment 1
Configuration density is 0.8g/cm
3Complete-oil synthetic base drilling fluid: get 300 milliliters of vaporizing oils with graduated cylinder and pour height into and stir in the cup, add 8.7g polybutadiene rubber tackifier successively, under the condition of 10000r/min, stirred 5 minutes, make it dissolving, add the 15g organophilic clay, under the condition of 10000r/min, stirred 5 minutes, stir to height successively then and add 6g vegetable oil acid acid amides emulsifying agent in the cup, 1.5g1227 wetting agent, under the condition of 10000r/min, stirred 20 minutes, add 3g modified humic acid fluid loss agent, under the condition of 10000r/min, stirred 5 minutes, add 1.5gCaO, under the condition of 10000r/min, stirred 5 minutes.
Embodiment 2
Configuration density is 1.0g/cm
3Complete-oil synthetic base drilling fluid: get 300 milliliters of vaporizing oils with graduated cylinder and pour height into and stir in the cup, add 7.5g polybutadiene rubber tackifier successively, under the condition of 10000r/min, stirred 5 minutes, make it dissolving, add the 15g organophilic clay, under the condition of 10000r/min, stirred 5 minutes, stir to height successively then and add 4.5g vegetable oil acid acid amides emulsifying agent in the cup, 1.5g1227 wetting agent, under the condition of 10000r/min, stirred 20 minutes, add 3g modified humic acid fluid loss agent, under condition, stirred 5 minutes at 10000r/min, add 1.5gCaO, under the condition of 10000r/min, stirred 5 minutes, add the 80g barite at last, under the condition of 10000r/min, stirred 20 minutes.
Embodiment 3
Configuration density is 1.2g/cm
3Complete-oil synthetic base drilling fluid: get 300 milliliters of vaporizing oils with graduated cylinder and pour height into and stir in the cup, add 7.5g polybutadiene rubber tackifier successively, under the condition of 10000r/min, stirred 5 minutes, make it dissolving, add the 15g organophilic clay, under the condition of 10000r/min, stirred 5 minutes, stir to height successively then and add 6g vegetable oil acid acid amides emulsifying agent in the cup, 3g1227, the 3g styrene-butadiene latex, under the condition of 10000r/min, stirred 20 minutes, add 3g modified humic acid wetting agent, under the condition of 10000r/min, stirred 5 minutes, add 1.5gCaO, under the condition of 10000r/min, stirred 5 minutes, add the 180g barite at last, under the condition of 10000r/min, stirred 20 minutes.
1, to the evaluation of each embodiment property of drilling fluid
The complete-oil synthetic base drilling fluid of 3 examples was rolled 16 hours 150 ℃ of following heat respectively, measure high temperature and high pre ssure filtration and elctrical stability under hot rheological, API filtration and the 150 ℃ * 3.5MPa that rolls under back 50 ℃ then, the results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 drilling fluid rolls the back performance
| AV mPa s | PV mPa s | YP Pa | φ6/φ 3 | API FL ml | HTHP FL ml | Emulsion-breaking voltage Es V | |
| Example 1 | 25 | 18 | 7 | 5/4 | 2.8 | 10 | ≥2000 |
| Example 2 | 27 | 20 | 7 | 5/4 | 3.2 | 9.0 | ≥2000 |
| Example 3 | 29 | 24 | 5 | 4/3 | 3.0 | 7.0 | 1840 |
As shown in Table 1, the complete-oil synthetic base drilling fluid rheological is good, and plastic viscosity is low, helps improving rate of penetration; Drilling fluid filtration is low, its API filtration＜5ml, high temperature and high pre ssure filtration≤10ml; Elctrical stability is good, its emulsion-breaking voltage 〉=1800V.
2, heat-resisting property evaluation
With example 3 respectively under differing temps heat rolled 16 hours, measure rheological property, API filtration and high temperature and high pre ssure filtration under 50 ℃ then, the results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 example 3 drilling fluids are the performance after hot the rolling under differing temps
| Heat is rolled temperature ℃ | AV mPas | PV mPas | YP Pa | φ6/ φ3 | API FL ml | HTHP FL ml |
| 100 | 36 | 30 | 6 | 4/3 | 4 | 4.5 |
| 120 | 28.5 | 24 | 4.5 | 4/3 | 3 | 6 |
| 150 | 30.5 | 25 | 5.5 | 4/3 | 3 | 9.6 |
As shown in Table 2, the complete-oil synthetic base drilling fluid heat-resisting property is good, and after wearing out in 100～150 ℃ of scopes, the rheological property of system, API filtration and high temperature and high pre ssure filtration are all very stable.
3, contamination resistance evaluation
In the on-the-spot use of complete-oil synthetic base drilling fluid, can run into the phenomenon of water enchroachment (invasion), drilling cuttings intrusion inevitably, therefore in the laboratory above-mentioned pollution condition has been carried out simulated experiment, with the soil anti-inferior of evaluation complete-oil synthetic base drilling fluid and the performance of anti-water pollution.
Invade dirty performance in order to investigate the anti-drilling cuttings of complete-oil synthetic base drilling fluid system, in example 3 drilling fluid systems that configure, add the soil inferior (crossing 100 orders) of different amounts respectively, after 150 ℃ of following heat are rolled 16 hours, measure its performance respectively, the results are shown in Table 3.
Table 3 soil inferior is invaded dirty influence to property of drilling fluid
| Soil intrusion amount % | AV mPas | PV mPas | YP Pa | φ6/φ3 | API FL ml |
| 0 | 22.5 | 19 | 3.5 | 3/2 | 3 |
| 5 | 25.5 | 22 | 3.5 | 2/1 | 4 |
| 10 | 26.5 | 23 | 3.5 | 3/2 | 4.6 |
| 15 | 30 | 25 | 5 | 4/3 | 4.8 |
| 20 | 31 | 27 | 4 | 4/3 | 5.2 |
Annotate: the rheology measurement temperature is 50 ℃.
As shown in Table 3, behind the soil inferior of the different amounts of adding, the performance variation of system is little in example 3 drilling fluids, and plastic viscosity raises to some extent, and this mainly is because native intrusion amount increases, and causes containing admittedly increase.Therefore, in actual use, should strengthen solid controlling, and in time replenish wetting agent, carry out maintenance service.
In order to investigate the performance of the anti-water enchroachment (invasion) dirt of complete-oil synthetic base drilling fluid system, in configuring example 3, add the water of different amounts respectively, after rolling 16 hours, 150 ℃ of following heat measure its performance respectively, the results are shown in Table 4.
The dirt of table 4 water enchroachment (invasion) is to the system Effect on Performance
| Water intrusion amount % | AV mPas | PV mPas | YP Pa | φ6/φ3 | API FL ml |
| 0 | 22.5 | 19 | 3.5 | 3/2 | 3 |
| 5 | 26.5 | 22 | 4.5 | 4/3 | 3.2 |
| 10 | 27.5 | 22 | 5.5 | 4/3 | 2.4 |
| 15 | 28 | 22 | 6 | 5/4 | 3 |
| 20 | 28.5 | 23 | 5.5 | 5/4 | 2 |
Annotate: the rheology measurement temperature is 50 ℃.
As shown in Table 4, along with the increase of water intrusion amount, the viscosity of system, shear force can change not quite, and filter loss decreases, and illustrate that the performance of the anti-water pollution of this system is good.But when the water intrusion amount increased, the plastic viscosity of system increased to some extent.Therefore, in the use of complete-oil synthetic base drilling fluid system, should avoid water flushing vibratory screening apparatus and drilling fluid canal etc. as far as possible, change to prevent this property of drilling fluid.When bore meeting water layer, should strengthen monitoring to the oil base drilling fluid water oil ratio, if when the water ratio surpasses scope of design, should replenish base oil and emulsifying agent as early as possible, safeguard the system performance.
4, reservoir protection performance evaluation
Example 2 is estimated its reservoir protection performance with reference to China National Petroleum industry standard SY/T6540-2002 " damage of drilling fluid and completion fluid oil reservoir indoor evaluation method ".Concrete steps are: find time 3 synthetic cores saturated, measure rock core permeability to oil Ko, carry out reverse rock core with example 2 drilling fluids then and dynamically pollute (condition: 120 ℃ of temperature, pressure 3.5Mpa, 2 hours time), measure at last and pollute back rock core permeability to oil Kd, and calculate core permeability recovery value Kd/Ko.Experiment records 3 core permeability recovery value Kd/Ko and is respectively 93.2%, 91.9% and 95.2%, and its permeability resume figure shows that all more than 85% the reservoir protection of complete-oil synthetic base drilling fluid system is respond well.
In sum; being preferred embodiment of the present invention only below, is not to be used to limit protection scope of the present invention, therefore; all any modifications of being done within the spirit and principles in the present invention, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (18)
1. a complete-oil synthetic base drilling fluid is characterized in that, comprises following component:
100 parts of base fluids
2～5 parts of organophilic clays
0.5～3 part of tackifier
2～5 parts of fluid loss agents
0.5～2 part of wetting agent
1～3 part of emulsifying agent
0.5 part in calcium oxide
27～200 parts of weighting agents.
2. complete-oil synthetic base drilling fluid according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described base fluid is made up of in the mineral oil of low toxicity, alpha-olefin, the gasification oil one or more.
3. complete-oil synthetic base drilling fluid according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described weighting agent is one or more compositions in limestone powder, barite and the powdered iron ore.
4. complete-oil synthetic base drilling fluid according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described organophilic clay is quaternary ammonium salt modified and get through long alkyl chain length by the smectites clay mineral.
5. complete-oil synthetic base drilling fluid according to claim 4 is characterized in that: the number of the carbochain in the alkyl quaternary ammonium salts of described long carbochain is one or more compositions among C12, C14, C16, the C18.
6. complete-oil synthetic base drilling fluid according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described tackifier are to contain non-sulfonated thermoplastic polymer.
7. complete-oil synthetic base drilling fluid according to claim 6 is characterized in that: described non-sulfonated thermoplastic polymkeric substance contains one or more and is selected from following polymers: nylon, rubber, linear polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, polystyrene, ethylene-propylene copolymer, base polyurethane prepolymer for use as, styrene-butadiene latex etc.
8. complete-oil synthetic base drilling fluid according to claim 7 is characterized in that: described rubber contains one or more and is selected from following polymkeric substance: chloroprene rubber, polyisoprene rubber, Polybutadiene-styrene rubber, polybutene, Polybutadiene-styrene-synthetic polyisoprene, polybutadiene rubber.
9. complete-oil synthetic base drilling fluid according to claim 8, it is characterized in that: the particle of described rubber is bigger, and the dissolution rate in described base oil is slower, in order to improve its dissolution rate, resin is adopted the mode of freezing and pulverizing, cross behind 20 mesh sieves form as product.
10. complete-oil synthetic base drilling fluid according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described fluid loss agent is made up of in humic acids modified resin, tannin extract modified resin, tannin modified resin, polyisoprene rubber, Polybutadiene-styrene rubber, polybutene, ethylene-propylene copolymer, Polybutadiene-styrene-synthetic polyisoprene, the polybutadiene rubber one or more.
11. complete-oil synthetic base drilling fluid according to claim 10 is characterized in that: described humic acids modified resin is by the alkylamine of humic acids and long carbochain amidated products under certain condition.
12. complete-oil synthetic base drilling fluid according to claim 11 is characterized in that: described certain condition is meant: mass ratio is 80～60: 20～40, temperature is between 190 ℃～200 ℃, 10～16 hours reaction times.
13. complete-oil synthetic base drilling fluid according to claim 12 is characterized in that: described humic acids modification amidated products will be pulverized 60 mesh sieves.
14. complete-oil synthetic base drilling fluid according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described wetting agent by the monoalkyl quaternary ammonium salt of long carbochain, the dialkyl quaternary ammonium salt of long carbochain, long chain fatty acid, grow a kind of in alkyl chain length trimethyl-glycine, the chain alkyl amino acid or more than one are formed.
15. complete-oil synthetic base drilling fluid according to claim 14 is characterized in that: the carbon number of described long carbochain is one or more compositions in 12～18.
16. complete-oil synthetic base drilling fluid according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described emulsifying agent is one or more compositions in long chain fatty acid acid amides, long alkyl chain length Phenylsulfonic acid calcium, the polyolefine carboxylicesters.
17. complete-oil synthetic base drilling fluid according to claim 16 is characterized in that: described long chain fatty acid acid amides is by naphthenic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid etc. and monoethanolamine, diethanolamine amidated products under certain condition.
18. complete-oil synthetic base drilling fluid according to claim 17 is characterized in that: described certain condition is meant that the acid and the molar ratio of amine are 1: 1.1～1.2, temperature of reaction is 170 ℃～180 ℃, 6～8 hours reaction times.
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2008
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