The pretreated method and apparatus of a kind of offal
Technical field
The present invention relates to the tobacco production technical field, particularly a kind of through gas heating agent preheating and in gas heating agent environment with the offal preprocess method of microwave treatment and adopt the equipment of this method.
Background technology
At present, expanded cabo has been applied in the production of cigarette on a large scale, self advantage of expanded cabo day by day highlights its value, mainly show as: expanded cabo can effectively reduce cigarette and prop up carbon monoxide and the tar that produces when burning and sucking, and reaches the purpose that reducing tar and reducing harm improves the security of cigarette products; Bitter taste, pungent, excitant and the assorted gas of expanded back offal reduce significantly, thereby the suction quality of stem is improved; Through after the expansion process, it is soft, bulk that stem can become, and the content that the stalk piece in the stem, stalk are signed reduces, thereby improved the degree of purity of stem; Sign and prop up when burning and sucking high temperature at cigarette and expand and produce the snuff phenomenon by avoiding obstructing piece, stalk after expanded, cigarette is propped up burn and suck quality to be improved; Expanded cut stem joins can reduce cigarette Zhi Chengben in the cigarette composition, increase profit.Existing offal bulking process technology mainly contains two kinds, and a kind of is that to utilize swelling agent to carry out expanded, and a kind of is to utilize the moisture in the instantaneous heating evaporation material of microwave to carry out expanded.
The characteristics of heating using microwave: 1, penetration power is strong, and heat together the inside and outside; 2, firing rate is fast, can evaporate the moisture of offal inside rapidly, the stem volatile ingredient of microwave expansion and organic acidity composition are carried out GC-MS be the analysis showed that: microwave baking has certain influence to the flavor matter of stem inherence, mainly is to make that each chemical composition relative amount changes in them.Sensory evaluating smoking's result shows that also microwave baking can improve the suction quality of stem to a certain extent.
Use microwave that offal is carried out preliminary treatment, United States Patent (USP) 3409023 (1968.11.5) disclosed and uses this energy of microwave to heat the method for handling offal, and the offal of this PROCESS FOR TREATMENT can play the effect that volume increase, density minimizing etc. improve cabo quality.
It is core with microwave bulking offal technology that Chinese patent CN1387802A discloses a kind of, the technological process of " cut after earlier swollen, recover typing ", and soon the offal of microwave expansion after moisture regain, chopping, is finalized the design under lower microwave energy density.Its advantage is that technical process is simple, and energy consumption is low, and whole process material moisture is lower.
It is the technological process of core, " cutting, recover typing after earlier swollen " with the swollen stalk technology of microwave that Chinese patent application 01108471.5 discloses a kind of.Offal after being about to expand after moisture regain, chopping, recovers typing under lower energy density, its advantage is that technical process is simple, energy consumption is low, whole process material moisture is lower.
Chinese patent application 200310112837.7 discloses a kind of tobacco cutting new technology, comprise that the tobacco leaf sheet makes the technology of leaf silk and the technology that offal is made stem, wherein, offal is made the technology of stem and is: open that bag → microwave bulking → reinforced moisture regain → storage offal → chopping → stem heating is unfolded, drying → stem selection by winnowing → stem perfuming, store thread.The stem processing method of this invention is to cut stem after the offal after expanded is fed in raw material, and technological process is simple, the system reliability height.This patent belongs to " cutting after earlier swollen " and is to adopt microwave bulking.
Chinese patent CN1518906A discloses a kind of offal and has mixed the preprocess method of back with the offal of microwave treatment with microwave low-loss solid medium particle heating agent; Adopted the microwave low-loss solid medium particle as heating agent, earlier heating agent is heated to 100~200 ℃, again offal is mixed with heating agent and send in the microwave heating chamber and heat, the increase of offal volume, density are reduced, with separator offal is separated with heating agent again, and reclaim heating agent and reheat to be usedly, finally realize continous-stable, high yield offal carried out preliminary treatment.Offal quality after this PROCESS FOR TREATMENT is fluffy, good springiness, xylon gas is few, fragrance is obvious, is easy to moisture regain, handles, and can improve the tobacco interior quality.
The deficiency that above prior art exists is not use the microwave treatment process of inflating medium to obtain product expansion lack of homogeneity; Use microwave expansion process method operation easier in the expansive working process of solid dielectric big, the product suction quality can be under some influence; The process of using swelling agent to expand is higher to the security and the environmental requirement of swelling agent, and swelling agent remains in the product easily.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of process of utilizing gas heating agent and the expanded offal of microwave compound action, and the equipment that is used for this process.
The offal that 1. will need to process is handled: require the equilibrium of tobacco stalk raw material moisture, be controlled at 8~14%, containing metal impurity is not preheating to 100~170 ℃;
2. the gas heating agent is heated to 150~350 ℃;
3. offal and the gas heating agent of handling well after the heating is sent in the metal cavitg of microwave field after a period of time mixes, under the condition that the air-introduced machine exhausting is arranged, the pressure limit 0.11~0.20Mpa of gas heating agent, optimum are 0.11~0.15Mpa;
4. fully mixing and microwave action through 30~250 seconds offal and gas heating agent;
5. offal is carried out gas-solid the separation with the gas heating agent, obtain handling expanded cabo completely, the gas heating agent delivers to immediately then that 2. step recycles or directly discharging after treatment;
6. the processing that gets damp again moisturizes above-mentioned isolated expanded cabo;
7. the offal of handling that will get damp again screens and/or chops up, and makes the suitable granular expanded cabo of size;
8. this granular expanded cabo being applied the tobacco stems material regulates about moisture to 12%~14% simultaneously.
Wherein, offal is handled and to be comprised the process of picking out external foreign material and the process of screening, screening can be removed the dust in the offal, too small offal, remaining offal is divided into short stalk and long stalk two classes, its short-and-medium stalk is expanding processing directly, excessive long offal returns ingresses, and is cut into the short stalk of about 2mm~30mm, just can enter the processing of expanding until the offal that obtains relative uniformity.The gas heating agent is N
2, CO
2, low-pressure superheated steam or other inert gases.Step 6. in, moisture regain handle to be adopts the atomized water spraying to realize, moisture regain back moisture is 8~36%.Step 7. in, granular expanded cabo particle diameter is at 0.5~5mm.
Gas heating agent of the present invention and microwave compound action to offal expand processing equipment comprise gas heating agent preheating mechanism, the composite expanded processing mechanism of microwave.Wherein the composite expanded processing mechanism of microwave comprises the composite expanded device of microwave (7); Gas heating agent preheating mechanism comprises preheating horizontal segment (5); and link to each other with offal feed arrangement feeding warehouse (1); preheating horizontal segment (5) inside is provided with the helix transporting device (6) that transports offal; gas heating agent preheating mechanism is communicated with preheating horizontal segment (5); preheating horizontal segment (5) links to each other with the composite expanded device of microwave (7); the composite expanded device of microwave directly links to each other with gas-solid separator; so that with solid-state offal and gas heating agent; offal volatile matter such as nicotine; dust etc. are separated; after the offal that has expanded is separated from the gas heating agent; then get damp again and handle and secondary chops up; what volume was excessive will chop up, and obtains granular expanded cabo at last.
Feeding warehouse (1) is provided with hood (16), and is communicated with gas-solid separator (8) and air-introduced machine (9) by pipeline, and air-introduced machine is connected with humidity discharging system, gas heating agent circularly purifying system again successively.Be provided with charging gas lock (2) between feeding warehouse (1) and the preheating horizontal segment (5), the valve of charging gas lock (2), gas-solid separator top discharge mouth and the sealing device acting in conjunction of preheating horizontal segment can make flat section of preheating water and the composite expanded device of microwave be in state a little more than normal pressure.Preheating horizontal segment (5) outside is provided with heating jacket (3), and two ends are provided with sealing device.
Tobacco stalk pretreatment equipment of the present invention can adopt two composite expanded processing sections of above microwave, but the composite expanded processing section of more microwave can make equipment too complicated and increased the cost of equipment, thereby, preferably adopt two composite expanded processing sections of microwave.
The advantage that method and apparatus of the present invention is had compared with the prior art is: adopt technology of the present invention and equipment, make broken for a short time in the expansion process, the pressure that this technology is used is near normal pressure, and is not high to the requirement of withstand voltage of equipment; Production process row simple to operate, easy; Be that the most at all cabo expansion uniformity and expansion rate obviously improve by using low oxygen content gas heating agent preheating offal, the suction quality of the offal material after the expansion be improved significantly.
The present invention will be described in more detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and concrete embodiment, and those of ordinary skill in the art carries out certain change or replace still belonging to protection scope of the present invention not departing from the basis of the present invention.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of a kind of concrete embodiment of present device.
Fig. 2 is a process chart of the present invention.
Among the figure, 1-feeding warehouse, 2-charging gas lock, 3-heating jacket, the 4-sealing device, 5-preheating horizontal segment, 6-helix transporting device, the composite expanded device of 7-microwave, the gas-solid separator of 8-, 9-air-introduced machine, the 10-humidity discharging system, 11-gas heating agent circularly purifying system, 12-gas heating agent gas handling system, 13-gas heating agent source of the gas, 14-combustion furnace, 15-gas heating agent heater, the 16-hood, 17-motor, 18-pipeline.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1:
As shown in Figure 1, the feed zone that comprises of present device is feeding warehouse 1, hood 16, air-introduced machine 9, humidity discharging system 10, gas heating agent circularly purifying system 11, the gas heating agent gas handling system 12 that perpendicular is provided with, horizontally disposed preheating horizontal segment 5, helix transporting device 6, the composite expanded device 7 of microwave, wherein, be provided with charging gas lock 2 between feeding warehouse 1 and the preheating horizontal segment 5, preheating horizontal segment 5 is provided with heating jacket 3, feeding warehouse 1 is provided with hood 16, and interconnect by pipeline, constantly moisture is discharged by pipeline and air-introduced machine 9.
Helix transporting device 6 is installed in the two ends of preheating horizontal segment 5, is driven by motor 17, and its two ends are provided with bearing and sealing shroud supports; The screw pitch of helix transporting device changes, at charging aperture near the import of gas heating agent, the screw pitch of this helix transporting device is less, and in that to leave on the direction of transporting along offal in this zone screw pitch bigger, it is bigger to the regional inside spin pitch of the preheating port of export promptly to leave this zone.
The composite expanded device of microwave 7 mainly is made of the cylinder of the mixture of transferring raw material in microwave generator, microwave cavity, the microwave cavity and gas heating agent, this cylinder be sealing and material for low microwave absorption, absorption low in calories and conduction low in calories.
The working mechanism of equipment is as follows among Fig. 1:
When closing charging gas lock 2, the gas heating agent is injected in preheating horizontal segment 5 and the composite expanded device 7 of microwave through gas heating agent source of the gas 13 gentle body heat matchmaker's heaters 15 heating backs (temperature of gas heating agent is 150~350 ℃), start air-introduced machine 9 simultaneously, make system gas pressure a little more than normal pressure.
When charging gas lock 2 is in feed state, offal in the feeding warehouse enters preheating horizontal segment 5 and contacts with the gas heating agent and mix with setting-up time, then by helix transporting device 6 transport and flowing of gas heating agent delivered to the composite expanded device 7 of microwave with offal and expands, deliver to gas-solid separator 8 by the cylinder in the composite expanded device microwave cavity of microwave then and separate.
When the gas lock that is connected with gas-solid separator 8 is opened, the finished product cabo particle falls from discharging opening, and the gas heating agent delivers to through humidity discharging system 10, gas heating agent circularly purifying system 11 successively along pipeline under the air-introduced machine effect that gas heating agent source of the gas 13 recycles or directly discharging after treatment.
The function of helix transporting device 6 be transmit offal to the port of export of preheating horizontal segment 5 so that offal and fully heat, mix with the gas heating agent, in general, offal be exposed to the gas heating agent in time generally need to surpass 10 seconds, be preferably 30~250 seconds, optimum is 60~110 seconds.
Through after composite expanded, the offal of separating that has expanded can further be handled, as carry out that moisture regulate to be handled and size Control is handled, the offal that volume is excessive chops up, obtain the suitable granular expanded cabo of size, through storage cabinet or vanning behind the humidifying charging.
When adopting equipment of the present invention, tobacco stalk raw material is transported in the feeding warehouse with uniform speed.The moisture content of raw material offal is 11%, and can certainly adopt more dried offal is the littler offal of moisture.
Carry out offal preliminary treatment (as shown in Figure 2) with the said equipment by following technological process:
The offal that 1. will need to process is handled: require the equilibrium of tobacco stalk raw material moisture, be controlled at 8~14%, containing metal impurity is not preheating to 100~170 ℃.The processing procedure of the former stalk of offal comprises the process and the screening process of impurities removing, screening can be removed the dust in the offal, too small offal, remaining offal is divided into short stalk and long stalk two classes, its short-and-medium stalk can directly enter the processing of expanding, long excessive offal returns ingresses, and just can enter the processing of expanding until the offal that obtains relative uniformity.Short stalk and long division of obstructing for example can be defined as long stalk greater than 10mm with length, obstructing for short between 5mm~10mm.The processing of the former stalk of offal also comprises the processing as the described tobacco peduncle off-line preprocessing method of patent 200710066156.X.
2. the gas heating agent is heated to 150~350 ℃, the gas heating agent can use combustion furnace or the heating of other mode of heatings, and the gas heating agent is N
2, CO
2, low-pressure superheated steam or other inert gases.
3. the gas heating agent (through a period of time) after the offal handled well and the heating is mixed that (offal stirs under the drive of helix transporting device 6, this moment, the gas heating agent injected from the device A of injecting gas heating agent, fully contact with offal, mix, when mixing, offal is heated) and join in the metal cavitg of microwave field, under the condition that the air-introduced machine exhausting is arranged, pressure limit 0.11~the 0.20Mpa of gas heating agent, optimum is 0.11~0.15Mpa, offal be exposed to the gas heating agent in time be generally 30~250 seconds (optimum is 60~110 seconds), the gentle body heat matchmaker's of offal mixture is composite expanded through preheating and microwave, and volatile matter contained in the offal is discharged.
4. fully mix and microwave action with the gas heating agent through the former stalk of 30~250 seconds offal; Gas heating agent and offal mixture that step is obtained in 3. carry out microwave expansion in the composite expanded device of microwave, bitter taste, pungent, excitant and the assorted gas in the offal reduces significantly simultaneously, thereby have improved the use value that burns and sucks quality and offal of stem.
5. the offal after expanding and the mixture of gas heating agent are after cylinder is delivered to gas-solid separator such as cyclone separator and separated (gas-solid separator is generally cyclone separator), the expanded cabo of solid shape is sent from cyclone separator bottom through the rotation gas lock, and gas heating agent source of the gas recycles or directly discharging (gas purge system is to be made of scrubbing tower, adsorption tower and gas purifying equipment) after treatment and gas heating agent and volatile matter in a small amount and dust will be under the air-introduced machine effect be delivered to through humidity discharging system, gas heating agent circularly purifying system successively along pipeline.
6. the processing that gets damp again moisturizes above-mentioned isolated expanded cabo: resulting expanded cabo is very dry, fragile in gas-solid separator, be unfavorable for further processing, thereby the processing that need get damp again, so that further processing, best reversion processing method are to adopt the atomized water spraying to realize.
7. the offal handled of will getting damp again screens and/or chops up and makes the suitable granular expanded cabo of size: the moisture in the expanded cabo that moisture regain is handled is 8~36% (weight in wet bases), optimum is 8~32%, and then is sent to a separation system such as screening system carries out big or small sorting.Because expanded cabo has bigger particle size distribution scope, thereby need carry out sorting, wherein that particle diameter is bigger particle is delivered in the cutting machine and is chopped up, and obtains the suitable granular expanded cabo of particle size at last, to be used for the manufacturing of cigarette.In addition, this screening process can also further be removed the dust in the offal.
8. this granular expanded cabo is fed in raw material and regulate simultaneously about moisture to 12%~14%.
The offal that comes out through above-mentioned processes is a kind of free flowable, granular cabo particle, and this cabo particle can be joined to be fitted in the cigarette composition and comprised with other raw materials that leaf silk, stem and expanded cut tobacco are joined in proportion and join, and makes the cigarette of required type.