CN101212288B - Uplink multiple-user space division multiplexing method in OFDMA system - Google Patents
Uplink multiple-user space division multiplexing method in OFDMA system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a spatial multiplexing method for uplink multiple users in an OFDMA system, which adopts an MIMO to carry out the combined spatial multiplexing for the uplink multiple users between a multi-antenna mobile terminal MS and a multi-antenna base station BS. The method includes the following processes: the access of the spatial multiplexing user are listened through frame in channels and a sub-channel which meets the requirement of an threshold of channel matrix condition number H can be processed by the spatial multiplexing and distributed to the user; in communication, if the channel matrix condition number of the multiplexed sub-channel is less than the threshold, the multiplexing sub-channel in a non-space which meets the requirement of the threshold of the channel matrix condition number H is distributed to the user again. The invention use the frame-listening in channels and the threshold of the channel matrix condition number H to ensure the condition that communication quality of the accessed users replaces channel capacity maximum at any moment. The multiplexed sub-channel is adjusted. The invention always ensures that the spatial multiplexing channel meets the communication conditions, and the prior user and spatial multiplexing user are further distinguished, thus guaranteeing the communication quality of the prior user.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to mobile communication and channel multiplexing, be specifically related to uplink multi-users space division multiplexing method in a kind of OFDMA system.
Background technology
Orthogonal frequency division multiplex OFDM is divided into some orthogonal sub-channels with channel, converts high-speed data signal to parallel low speed sub data flow, is modulated on each subchannel and transmits.Orthogonal signalling adopt correlation technique separately by receiving terminal, can reduce the phase mutual interference Inter-Carrier-Interference between the subchannel under certain condition, are called for short ICI.Signal bandwidth on each subchannel is less than the correlation bandwidth of channel, so each subchannel can regard falt fading channel as, thereby eliminated intersymbol interference Inter-Symbol-Interference, is called for short ISI.Because the bandwidth of each subchannel only is the sub-fraction of former channel width, channel equalization becomes relatively easily, and Fig. 1 is typical OFDM modulating system block diagram.OFDMA then is another multiple access technology that comes from the OFDM development.It distinguishes the user by different orthogonal sub-carriers.System carries out resource allocation in time and frequency 2 dimension spaces, and the bandwidth resources that each user distributes are very flexible, and this is the significant advantage of OFDMA.
Time and frequency expansion that multiple-input and multiple-output MIMO can make full use of space channel improve channel capacity, also can realize certain space diversity and time diversity by the coding on the room and time.The former becomes space division multiplexing usually, and the latter is called Space Time Coding, all is some concrete forms of MIMO, and Fig. 2 is typical mimo system block diagram.
Spatial reuse mainly is the Bell Labs Layered Space-Time structure that Bell Laboratory proposes, and is called for short BLAST, and it has improved spectrum efficiency greatly than multiple access technique.The BLAST structure is not by the orthogonality between the signal transformation created symbol, and signal transformation comprises coding, modulation, mapping etc., but has made full use of the multipath characteristics of channel, has removed correlation between signals.The BLAST structure mainly is divided into Vertical-BLAST and Diagonal-BLAST, i.e. V-BLAST and D-BLAST.V-BLAST with M bit stream encode, shine upon and interweave the back by mutually independently antenna launch, fully excavated diversity gain, and each information flow can detect separately.D-BLAST also passes through identical processing earlier, but each encoding block is distributed to different antenna transmission, thereby has reduced the decline because of the relatively poor entire system performance that causes of some independent channel laser propagation effects, but means complicated more transceiver.
MIMO can be applied to all wireless communication technologys.Yet the combination of MIMO and orthogonal frequency division multiplex OFDM has lot of advantages, such as, OFDM by being flat channel in the frequency domain internal conversion with the frequency selectivity multidiameter fading channel, the influence of the multipath fading of minimizing.And the MIMO technology can produce the multiplex data stream of independent parallel in the space, so just can effectively raise the transmission rate of system, promptly increased spectrum efficiency under the situation that does not increase system bandwidth.Fig. 3 is typical MIMO+OFDM system block diagram.Multi-user association space division multiplex then is that a plurality of reception antennas that utilize the MS of a plurality of single antenna independently to send data and base station constitute the MIMO+OFDM system, and each MS takies identical temporal frequency resource, to improve the capacity of whole system.BS relies on the signal of each MS to separate each MS of demodulation of coming of the channel between the BS.
Chinese invention patent " in the ofdm system based on spatial division multiplexing be used for the method for allocated channel ", publication number CN1665332 discloses a kind of method of the single frequency subchannel being distributed to a plurality of mobile terminal MSs in having the orthogonal frequency division multiplex OFDM system that utilizes space division multiplexing SDM of a plurality of transmit/receive antennas.In the method, base station BS can distribute pilot channel to estimate down channel effectively.Described base station BS is divided into a plurality of space channels with the single frequency subchannel, and described a plurality of space channels are sequentially distributed to the MS with maximum communication capacity, thus the signal by described single frequency sub-channel transmission MS.
For the OFDMA system of TDD, general downlink data amount is greater than the upstream data amount, and the length of sub-frame of uplink is less than the length of descending sub frame.But,, then have to adjust the change-over time of ascending-descending subframes if up temporal frequency resource distributes for some paroxysmal uplink services.Suppose that the subregion of sub-frame of uplink can carry out the space division multiplexing demodulation, then a plurality of single antenna MS can be assigned on the identical subcarrier, improve the capacity of system.But channel changes, if the channel matrix conditional number after multiplexing is very little, data that not only can not the demodulation users multiplexing then also can influence and have been assigned to this subchannel user's data demodulation.
Summary of the invention
The technical issues that need to address of the present invention provide uplink multi-users space division multiplexing method in a kind of OFDMA system, can overcome channel matrix conditional number after multiplexing very for a short time cause can't demodulation users multiplexing data and influence be assigned to this subchannel user's data demodulation.
Above-mentioned technical problem of the present invention solves like this, uplink multi-users space division multiplexing method in a kind of OFDMA system is provided, adopt MIMO at the mobile terminal MS that comprises a plurality of transmitting antennas with comprise that the air interface between the base station BS of a plurality of reception antennas carries out the uplink multi-users association space division multiplex, utilize channel frame to listen and guarantee the channel matrix conditional number H threshold value of accessed user's communication quality, may further comprise the steps:
1.1) at first carry out channel frame for space division multiplexing user's access and listen, carry out space division multiplexing and distribute to this user for satisfying the subchannel that channel matrix conditional number H threshold value requires;
1.2) in the communication process, if multiplexing subchannel channel matrix conditional number H less than threshold value, then will redistribute and satisfy the not spatial reuse subchannel that channel matrix conditional number threshold value requires and give this user.
According to space division multiplexing method provided by the invention, described satisfy be greater than or more than or equal to.
According to space division multiplexing method provided by the invention, described step 1.2) communication process comprises that also the space division multiplexing user carries out channel frame to not multiplexing subchannel and listens in, its available subchannel information is stored and followed the tracks of, be used for switching in real time when former multipling channel worsens.
According to space division multiplexing method provided by the invention, but described air interface comprises the association space division multiplex zone of space division multiplexing and normal areas that can not space division multiplexing, described association space division multiplex zone is made of some described subchannels, described subchannel belongs to described association space division multiplex zone, can space division multiplexing, insert the space division multiplexing user; The corresponding subchannel of described normal areas only can insert a user, cannot space division multiplexing.
According to space division multiplexing method provided by the invention, described subchannel is listened by carrying out channel frame, and the multiplexing elementary cell of channel estimating and channel equalization constitutes, and its concrete composition mode can be determined by system's applicable channel characteristics.
According to space division multiplexing method provided by the invention, the quantity of described multiplexing elementary cell divides the quantity of users multiplexing identical with described association space division multiplex zone maximum empty.
According to space division multiplexing method provided by the invention, the corresponding pilot tone of described space division multiplexing at described subchannel separately, its separating type includes, but are not limited to one or more in time, frequency and the orthogonal code, this configuration mode can make system can allow each MS on each subchannel, to carry out channel frame to listen.
According to space division multiplexing method provided by the invention, described step 1.2) following formula H is observed in the renewal of channel matrix conditional number H in
I+1=(1-ρ) H
i+ ρ * H
New, H wherein
NewBe the new value that calculates, H
I+1Be current state, H
iBe Last status, ρ is a smoothing factor, thereby the system that guarantees avoids occurring because of fast change of channel the resource allocation instability.
According to space division multiplexing method provided by the invention, described multi-user preferentially occupies not by the described subchannel of CU.
According to space division multiplexing method provided by the invention, preferentially do not occupy and be priority user by the described multi-user of the subchannel of CU, and occupy has been the space division multiplexing user by the user of the subchannel of CU, described step 1.2) only adjust space division multiplexing user's channel.
According to space division multiplexing method provided by the invention, when inserting the space division multiplexing user, also comprise order of modulation that reduces priority user or the power that strengthens priority user by power control; Can improve the reliability of access, reduce the influence that users multiplexing causes priority user.
According to space division multiplexing method provided by the invention, described user is the mobile terminal MS that refers to an access or ask to insert the system combined space division multiplexing of OFDMA zone.
Uplink multi-users space division multiplexing method in the OFDMA provided by the invention system.Utilize channel frame to listen the threshold value with channel matrix conditional number H, the channel capacity maximum turns to condition to guarantee replacing all the time by accessed user's communication quality.Adjust multiplexing subchannel.All the time guarantee that the space division multiplexing channel satisfies communicating requirement; Further distinguish priority user and space division multiplexing user, ensure the communication quality of priority user.
Description of drawings
Further the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 is a modulator of realizing OFDM with discrete Fourier transform (DFT).
Fig. 2 is the mimo system block diagram.
Fig. 3 is the MIMO+OFDM system block diagram.
Fig. 4 is a kind of basic Multiplexing Unit structure chart of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a kind of 2 * 3 sub-channel structure figure by basic Multiplexing Unit structure of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is space division multiplexing user access process figure of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is space division multiplexing user resources re-allocation process figure of the present invention.
Embodiment
At first, basis of the present invention is described: multi-user association space division multiplex needs independently to finish different MS and estimates to the space channel of BS, then its pilot-data structure will be different from the pilot-data structure of non-space multiplex system, so need open up separately for the zone that can carry out multi-user association space division multiplex.Can not carry out multi-user's association space division multiplex in this zone, each subchannel subcarrier has only a corresponding with it MS, also can carry out association space division multiplex, the corresponding a plurality of MS of subchannel subcarrier.As the basic resources allocation unit, subchannel is made of basic Multiplexing Unit by subchannel in the independent zone of dividing.
(1) user inserts: at first will carry out frame to channel when inserting the user and listen, the subchannel that the selective channel correlation is little carries out multiplexing.In the communication process,, satisfy the subchannel of channel relevancy requirement during access and pass in time and may change because channel is constantly to change.Thus, channel frame listen be the SDM system user insert and communication process in must carry out.Listen in order to support a plurality of users simultaneously a subchannel to be carried out frame, the pilot tone that the pilot tone that priority user sends in each subchannel and each users multiplexing send will be leaned on the time, and frequency or orthogonal code are separately.Each subchannel insert and communication process in all need to calculate priority user on this subchannel with all should the zone users multiplexing the channel matrix correlation.Choose the little subchannel of channel relevancy during access as far as possible and carry out resource allocation.
(2) channel reallocation: in the communication process, if two users' channel relevancy becomes big gradually on the multiplexing subchannel, and the channel matrix conditional number is less than the threshold value that sets, show that then BS has been difficult to tell the upward signal of two MS, therefore need again the users multiplexing of this subchannel to be distributed, to avoid the signal demodulation of channel relative influence priority user and users multiplexing.
Second step illustrated user's access procedure of the present invention, specifically as shown in Figure 6, may further comprise the steps:
600) beginning;
610) there is the user to insert request;
620) judging whether the priority user resource distributes, is to enter step 630); Change step 631 over to otherwise enter);
630) judge whether to vacate not by the subchannel of space division multiplexing, be to enter step 640); Change step 681 over to otherwise enter);
631) carry out the priority user resource allocation, promptly enter the normal access process of non-space division multiplexing, change step 690 over to);
640) not judging whether satisfied the bandwidth resources requirement that inserts the user by the subchannel of space division multiplexing, is to enter step 650); Change step 681 over to otherwise enter);
650) subchannel to not being re-used, the subchannel of promptly vacating carries out channel frame at the basic Multiplexing Unit of user's correspondence position and listens;
660) statistical channel matrix conditional number promptly satisfies the threshold value requirement greater than threshold value, the subchannel number;
670) judging whether available multipling channel number satisfies the telex network requirement, is to enter step 680); Change step 681 over to otherwise enter);
680) the butt joint access customer be not re-used and is satisfying the enterprising line space branch of the subchannel multiplexed resource distribution that threshold value requires; Change step 690 over to)
681) refusing user's inserts;
690) finish.
The 3rd step illustrated channel redistribution process of the present invention, specifically as shown in Figure 7, may further comprise the steps:
700) beginning;
710) monitor the channel correlation circumstance of each multiplexing subchannel;
720) judging whether to count above channel condition the subchannel of threshold value, is to enter step 730); Otherwise change step 780 over to);
730) extract the user profile that each exceeds the threshold value subchannel;
740) do not satisfy the pairing user profile of subchannel that threshold value requires according to each, extract and do not satisfied the subchannel information that threshold value requires on the space division multiplexing subchannel;
750) judging at this user whether the not multiplexing subchannel that satisfies the threshold value requirement is arranged, is to enter step 760); Otherwise change step 780 over to);
760) carry out the reallocation of users multiplexing subchannel, be re-assigned to and satisfy the subchannel that threshold value requires not satisfying subchannel that threshold value requires
770) judging whether that all do not satisfy threshold value and require subchannel to dispose, is to enter step 780); Otherwise change step 740 over to)
780) finish.
Further, the present invention is described in detail in conjunction with specific embodiments in detail:
Each basic Multiplexing Unit of hypothesis is made of 12 subcarriers in the present embodiment, takies 4 sub-carrier positions on frequency axis, takies 3 symbols on the time shaft.Wherein 4 vertex positions are pilot frequency locations, do not send out data.Priority user is sent out 1, No. 3 pilot tone (oblique line point), and users multiplexing is sent out 2, No. 4 pilot tones (stain), structure such as Fig. 4.
Present embodiment stipulates that per 6 basic Multiplexing Units constitute a subchannel, and subchannel is the elementary cell that system carries out resource allocation.For a plurality of users listen the channel relevancy of different user at this subchannel with time frame, the basic Multiplexing Unit number of the maximum users multiplexing number in space division multiplexing zone and subchannel is identical in the system, promptly supports 6 users' space division multiplexing at most.The basic Multiplexing Unit structure of a subchannel of present embodiment regulation is 3 * 2, as shown in Figure 5, be 3 basic Multiplexing Units on the frequency axis, 2 basic Multiplexing Units on the time shaft, in each basic Multiplexing Unit, priority user is sent out 1, No. 3 pilot tone (oblique line point), users multiplexing is sent out 2, No. 4 pilot tones (stain).
The priority user that is divided into user's access procedure inserts and users multiplexing inserts.The access of priority user is identical with the domestic consumer access procedure, BS it should be noted that owing to need estimate the channel impulse response of different MS, so at each user, under basic Multiplexing Unit structure of the same race, pilot number has reduced half, can directly influence precision of channel estimation like this, so can not be too high for the Qos requirement that is assigned to space division multiplexing user area user.Priority user is sent in 1, No. 3 pilot frequency locations and sends pilot tone, and 2, No. 4 pilot frequency locations is vacated, and carries out channel frame for users multiplexing and listens, and channel monitoring and channel estimating are used.
When first users multiplexing 1 inserted, the MAC layer judged at first whether the subchannel that is not taken by priority user in the space division multiplexing Zone satisfies user's 1 bandwidth request requirement, if satisfy then directly insert as priority user.If do not satisfy then all subchannels that are not re-used are carried out frame listen, frame is listened pilot frequency sequence to be sent in each and is listened on the corresponding basic Multiplexing Unit of subchannel and user 1 by frame, and the pilot frequency locations of transmission is No. 2 that vacate, No. 4 pilot tones.System demarcates according to the channel matrix conditional number size of each subchannel.The mark that the several threshold values of satisfying condition require is user 1 allowable resource for this reason, can not Resources allocation otherwise be labeled as, and notify MAC layer with annotation results.But the MAC layer of BS distributes this user data according to the distribution method of domestic consumer on the allocated sub-channels resource that has marked.
Users multiplexing 1 is in communication process, and channel constantly changes, and satisfies the subchannel of channel relevancy requirement during access and passes in time and may change.If users multiplexing 1 and priority user channel relevancy strengthen gradually on the multiplexing subchannel, the channel matrix conditional number is less than the threshold value that sets, show that then BS has been difficult to tell the upward signal of two MS, need this moment again the data of users multiplexing 1 on this subchannel to be distributed, to avoid the signal demodulation of channel relative influence priority user.The principle of reallocation still meets the demands according to channel relevancy and is condition.The MAC layer before distribution, need know those subchannels relatively this users multiplexing can use, so need BS to monitor the channel quality and the channel relevancy of priority user on users multiplexing 1 relative other subchannel all the time.The MAC layer is stored and is followed the tracks of other available subchannel information of users multiplexing 1, in time changes for the subchannel that does not meet the demands.
If have users multiplexing 2 to need to insert, still carry out channel frame earlier and listen, all subchannels that the subchannel scope that frame is listened takies for the user 1 that is not re-used.Equally, in communication process, users multiplexing 2 will be monitored also is to remove all shared subchannels of users multiplexing 1.For users multiplexing 2, system in time adjusts on multiplexing subchannel and the subchannel that is not re-used, changes with adaptive channel.
For the access and the redistribute resources of other users multiplexing, principle is basic identical.System can support 6 users to be multiplexed into this zone simultaneously at most.The multiplexing number of users and the occupation condition of each users multiplexing, and the channel related levels of users multiplexing and priority user is relevant.Owing to the method that has adopted threshold decision for channel relevancy, this method is not the algorithm of an optimum for whole system, is reality and attainable method for OFDMA still.
At last, distinguish and describe the present invention in conjunction with the open Chinese invention patent CN1665332 of documents " in the ofdm system based on spatial division multiplexing be used for the method for allocated channel ":
(1) main identical point
(1) all is the resource allocation methods of SDM system.
(2) all rely on the calculating channel correlation to be used as criterion and come allocation of channel resources may.
(2) main difference point
(1) patent of the present invention is based on the OFDMA system, and the CN1665332 patent is based on ofdm system, and the resource distribution mode of these two kinds of systems just had very big difference originally.
(2) patent of the present invention is not a condition with system's maximum communication capacity, but to guarantee that accessed user's communication quality is a condition; The adjustment of multiplexing subchannel can't satisfy with current channel condition that to continue that communication will ask be trigger condition; Do not turn to requirement with channel capacity maximum all the time.
(3) all access users distinguish according to priority user and space division multiplexing user, and priority user takes and inserts the space division multiplexing user again after the frequency resource on the resource that has taken this zone time.In communication and the access procedure, only adjust space division multiplexing user's subchannel multiplexed situation.
(4) calculating of all spatial channel matrix will be done smoothing processing.
(5) pilot tone of each user in the subchannel, by the time, frequency, spreading code is separately to support a plurality of users that the same time frame of the subchannel that is not re-used is listened.
Claims (9)
1. uplink multi-users space division multiplexing method in the OFDMA system, adopt MIMO at the mobile terminal MS that comprises a plurality of transmitting antennas with comprise that the air interface between the base station BS of a plurality of reception antennas carries out the uplink multi-users association space division multiplex, it is characterized in that, utilize channel frame to listen and guarantee the channel matrix conditional number H threshold value of accessed user's communication quality, may further comprise the steps:
1.1) at first carry out channel frame for space division multiplexing user's access and listen, carry out space division multiplexing and distribute to this user for satisfying the subchannel that channel matrix conditional number H threshold value requires;
1.2) in the communication process, if multiplexing subchannel channel matrix conditional number H less than threshold value, then will redistribute and satisfy the not spatial reuse subchannel that channel matrix conditional number H threshold value requires and give this user.
2. according to the described space division multiplexing method of claim 1, it is characterized in that described step 1.2) in communication process comprise that also the space division multiplexing user carries out channel frame to spatial reuse subchannel not and listens.
3. according to the described space division multiplexing method of claim 1, it is characterized in that, but described air interface comprises the association space division multiplex zone of space division multiplexing and normal areas that can not space division multiplexing that described association space division multiplex zone is made of some described subchannels.
4. according to the described space division multiplexing method of claim 3, it is characterized in that, described association space division multiplex zone maximum empty divides the quantity of users multiplexing identical with the quantity of the multiplexing elementary cell of formation subchannel, and described multiplexing elementary cell is used for carrying out that channel frame is listened, channel estimating and channel equalization.
5. according to the described space division multiplexing method of claim 1, it is characterized in that the corresponding pilot tone of described space division multiplexing is separated at described subchannel, its separating type comprises one or more in time, frequency and the orthogonal code.
6. according to the described space division multiplexing method of claim 1, it is characterized in that described step 1.2) in the renewal of channel matrix conditional number H observe following formula H
I+1=(1-ρ) H
i+ ρ * H
New, H wherein
NewBe the new value that calculates, H
I+1Be current state, H
iBe Last status, ρ is a smoothing factor.
7. according to the described space division multiplexing method of claim 1, it is characterized in that described multi-user preferentially occupies not by the described subchannel of CU.
8. according to the described space division multiplexing method of claim 7, it is characterized in that, preferentially not occupying by the described multi-user of the subchannel of CU and be priority user, has been the space division multiplexing user by the user of the subchannel of CU and occupy, described step 1.2) only adjust space division multiplexing user's channel.
9. described according to Claim 8 space division multiplexing method is characterized in that, when inserting the space division multiplexing user, also comprises order of modulation that reduces priority user or the power that strengthens priority user by power control.
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| CN102905377B (en) * | 2011-07-28 | 2015-05-27 | 北京信威通信技术股份有限公司 | Method for managing wireless uplink SDMA (space division multiple address) resources in wireless communication system |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1665332A (en) * | 2003-11-13 | 2005-09-07 | 三星电子株式会社 | Method for assigning channels based on spatial division multiplexing in an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system |
| CN1841961A (en) * | 2005-03-30 | 2006-10-04 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | Method and apparatus for selecting transmitting antenna in multi antenna wireless communication system |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1665332A (en) * | 2003-11-13 | 2005-09-07 | 三星电子株式会社 | Method for assigning channels based on spatial division multiplexing in an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system |
| CN1841961A (en) * | 2005-03-30 | 2006-10-04 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | Method and apparatus for selecting transmitting antenna in multi antenna wireless communication system |
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