CN101211175A - Numerical control system graph-aided macro programming design method - Google Patents
Numerical control system graph-aided macro programming design method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a design method of graphic-aided macro programming in a numerical control system, which combines macro programming and graphic programming. The method comprises the following steps: forming a macroinstruction via graphic-aided programming, coding the formed macroinstruction, and processing with a numerical control processing program. The numerical control system can expand the system function via a configuration system of the graphic-aided programming. A user can input the geometrical dimension of a part to be processed and other data into a computer via a human-machine interaction equipment through a human-machine interaction manner, and the macroinstruction is formed after validity authentication, then decoded and finally provided to the numerical control processing program for use, so as to combine the two programming methods. The application of the invention in the numerical control system not only enables programming to be more concrete and intuitive and remarkably improves the programming efficiency, but also can conveniently expand the system function and realize standardization and modularization of the numerical control processing program.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the numerical control system graph Aided Design, especially propose a kind of new method for designing that graphical programming and macro programming are combined, this method can be used as the user carries out secondary development on the digital control system platform means.
Background technology
Numerical control programming refers to the requirement of programming personnel according to part pattern and technical papers, works out out the process that can move on numerically-controlled machine with a series of instructions of finishing the regulation processing tasks.Specifically, numerical control programming is to begin to programming check all processes till qualified by analyzing part pattern and technological requirement.
The method of numerical control programming generally is divided into two kinds of manual programming and automated programmings.Manual programming is meant from the analysis of part pattern, technological procedure formulation, data computation, part program and is programmed into each step such as program verification mainly by the programming process of manually finishing.For complex parts, particularly spatial complex curved surface part that contour shape is not made up of simple straight line, circular arc, numerical evaluation is quite loaded down with trivial details, and workload is big, makes mistakes easily, and is difficult to check and correction, adopts manual programming to be difficult to finish, and therefore seldom uses at present.Automated programming claims computer programming again, promptly automatically carries out numerical evaluation by computing machine, writes the part program list.Finish loaded down with trivial details numerical evaluation by computer generation for the program composition personnel, both alleviated labour intensity, shortened the programming time, reduced mistake again, improved the programming precision, thereby improved programming efficiency greatly, in general automated programming is used in enormous quantities, complex-shaped part processing more.
No matter be manual programming or automated programming, the numerical control program that is produced should accomplish all that program structure is clear, the statement standard, readability is good, alterability is strong.Particularly produce for the single and mini-batch production numerical control, may need cashier's office in a shop make amendment, adjust in the lathe industry control at any time program, it is especially important that the readability of program and alterability just seem, but at present this have the readability of program and the method for designing of alterability yet there are no report.
And along with the widespread use of computer technology, people have proposed more and more high requirement to numerical control programming, and these requirements comprise the visual of simplification to programming operation, program adaptability and programming widely.
The figure aided programming can make the operator use graphical interfaces to work out simple program like a cork as a kind of programming mode of man-machine conversation formula.The figure aided programming is meant and uses the human-computer interaction device, by data such as the physical dimension input computing machine of man-machine conversation mode with part to be processed, and demonstrates figure on display screen.Then, the user can give directions out cutting line or tool path pattern, can demonstrate tool track on screen.Import technique informations such as cutting parameter, subsidiary function again, machine is handled as calculated, and output element is processed program control medium.Also job sequence directly can be sent into digital control system by computing machine by interface.This method does not need to work out the source program of part processing, and the user interface close friend uses conveniently, directly perceived, easily learns easily and grasps.
The numerical control instruction of being said in general sense is meant ISO (ISO (International Standards Organization)) code command in fact, promptly on behalf of a step of a meaning or cutter, a code move, or represent one group of meaning or one group of motion, the function of each code is fixed, by the exploitation of manufacturer of system, the user can only programme according to the rules.But sometimes user's demand is not satisfied in these instructions.
Summary of the invention
In order to remedy the defective of fixed code instruction, the method for designing that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of numerical control system graph-aided macro programming, it pre-deposits the one group of instruction that realizes certain function in the storer as subroutine, represent the function of this storage with an instruction, in program as long as this instruction of appointment just can realize this function.Macroprogram is the subroutine of band variable, wherein allow to use methods such as variable, arithmetic, logical operation and conditional transfer, compare with subroutine, the universal program of the identical process operation of easier establishment, and also the mode of its variable programming has increased the dirigibility of application.
To achieve these goals, technical scheme of the present invention: at first form macro instruction, then the macro instruction that forms is deciphered processing, carry out nc program again and handle by the figure aided programming.
Wherein macro instruction is the parameter combinations of carrying out according to the information that the figure aided programming provides, and again by the input of user to parameter, the conversion with the figure aided programming calls to macroprogram forms macro instruction; The figure aided programming comprises the selection of nonmodal, mode and the concrete form of macro instruction to the means of the conversion of macroprogram;
The method that the macro instruction that forms is deciphered is: macro instruction just can be carried out grammatical analysis by the explanation module interface of figure aided programming module once output, thereby finish the processing of program is carried out; Specifically: in the syntactic analysis phase of digital control system interpreter, read a program segment at every turn and be placed in the buffer zone, buffer zone comprises a pointer, points to the starting position of unprocessed portion still.Data in a plurality of these buffer zones of analytic function sequential processes are analyzed all letter and numbers that comprise in the program segment, and function moves this pointer automatically to correct position after finishing separately grammatical analysis; After finishing whole grammatical analyses, all machining information data are converted to inner information format and are stored in the data structure, so that follow-up nc program uses;
It is as follows that detailed step is handled in the decoding of macro instruction:
1. from the macroprogram file that formation macro instruction is called, read the program segment of current pointer indication, judge whether to be macrostatement according to its character string that begins, be whether to comprise the controlled keyword of grand steering order in the determining program section, and the keyword that whether comprises the macro call instruction;
2. if comprise above-mentioned keyword, then enter into macro call, the branch of macrostatement handles accordingly respectively as the case may be;
If this program segment be not macrostatement, also will according to it whether be in mode call in and whether be that different processing is carried out in move.If have only a mode to call, the macroprogram of once appointment is just called in a move of then every execution.If specify several mode macroprograms, the movement instruction in the once next macroprogram of every execution just calls and once goes up a macroprogram;
Described macro call is divided into nonmodal and calls with mode and call two kinds; Figure aided programming method comprises figure configuration module, information collocation module, verification configuration module, helps configuration module and macroprogram file to be configured, and generates corresponding configuration file.
The present invention makes the user carry out certain function expansion to digital control system, is actually the opening of digital control system to the user, and the instrument that the user utilizes digital control system to provide also is provided, and carries out secondary development on the platform of digital control system.
Angle from modularization processing, macroprogram has modular thought and qualification condition most, the programming personnel only need provide part geometry information and different mathematical models can finish corresponding modularization job sequence design, only need be input to parts information, machined parameters etc. in the call statement of corresponding module during application, the programming personnel is freed from programing works loaded down with trivial details, a large amount of repeatability, kind of an effect of putting things right once and for all is arranged.Correctly use macroprogram rightly, can greatly improve programming efficiency, and the function of expansion digital control system.
Advantage of the present invention is as follows:
1. graphical design.The user has selected after the suitable graphics template, by interactive mode, the part geometry size that needs in the job sequence is sent into computing machine, and parts pattern draws on screen.If parts pattern to be processed has existed in the computing machine, access to be presented on the screen and get final product.
2. configurable, can expand.The user can revise existing graphics template according to the needs of oneself, even can set up the template of oneself for the workpiece of operation commonly used or processing, thereby customizes various types of parts.
3. fault-tolerance.After importing the size of part to be processed, can carry out legitimate verification, check and whether satisfy certain restriction relation between each parameter, and can time update.
4. the support of help document.System provides the detailed help document of part to be processed, so that the user asks for help.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the implementation figure of graph-aided macro programming among the present invention;
Fig. 2 is macroprogram decoding process flow diagram among the present invention;
Fig. 3 is graph-aided macro programming overall design process flow diagram among the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the graphic user interface of graph-aided macro programming among the present invention.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, method for designing of the present invention: at first, form call (macro instruction), then the macro instruction that forms is deciphered processing, carry out nc program again and handle to the macroprogram of system configuration by the figure aided programming; Wherein:
The formation of macro instruction: the parameter combinations that the information that provides according to the configuration-system of figure aided programming is carried out, again by the input of user to parameter, the conversion with the figure aided programming calls to macroprogram forms macro instruction;
The figure aided programming is the process that the input with the user transforms to the macroprogram call instruction; The figure aided programming comprises the selection of nonmodal, mode and the formation of macro instruction to the means of the conversion of macroprogram.Concrete method: use human-computer interaction device's (keyboard, mouse etc.), by man-machine conversation (function menu, order button etc.) mode, parts pattern is selected and shown, then carry out configuration, demonstration and the real-time information indicating of part parameter, again the technique information parameters such as physical dimension of part to be processed are imported computing machine, after legitimate verification and instant modification, form instruction code, this moment, the instruction of output was macroprogram call instruction (macro instruction).
The method that the macro instruction that forms is deciphered: macro instruction just can be carried out grammatical analysis by the explanation module interface of figure aided programming module once output, thereby finish the processing of program is carried out; Be specially: in the syntactic analysis phase of digital control system interpreter, read a program segment at every turn and be placed in the buffer zone, buffer zone comprises a pointer, points to the starting position of unprocessed portion still.Data in a plurality of these buffer zones of analytic function sequential processes are analyzed all letter and numbers that comprise in the program segment, and function moves this pointer automatically to correct position after finishing separately grammatical analysis; After finishing whole grammatical analyses, all machining information data are converted to inner information format and are stored in the data structure, so that follow-up nc program uses.
As shown in Figure 2, the decoding of macroprogram processing detailed step is as follows among the present invention:
1. from formed macroprogram file, read the program segment of current pointer indication, judge whether to be macrostatement according to its character string that begins, be whether to comprise controlled keyword such as grand steering order in the determining program section, and the keyword that whether comprises the macro call instruction.
2. if comprise above-mentioned keyword, then enter into the processing branch of macrostatement, handle accordingly respectively as the case may be.
If IF statement, at first calculate the value of IF back expression formula, and mark for it.Next if the expression formula of reading THEN and IF appointment for true, is then handled the program segment of closelying follow behind the THEN,, then carry out the next program segment of IF if expression formula is false; When reading GOTO, earlier numerical value is following closely read, carried out following action respectively according to IF expression formula true and false then: for very, the program segment that jumps to the GOTO indication continues to handle, otherwise carries out the next program segment of IF.
If unconditional transfer GOTO statement, the program segment that then directly jumps to the GOTO indication is handled.
If the WHILE statement, the value of calculation expression and marking equally at first.Next detect the DO character string of WHILE back, and the numerical value of DO back is read.If expression formula is true, this numerical value is as this round-robin ident value.Order is down carried out the content of whole circulation body, up to reading END, reads numerical value thereafter, if equate with this round-robin ident value, then finishes this circulation, otherwise continues to carry out backward, just finishes this circulation up to the END that occurs being complementary.If expression formula is false, directly searches and this circulation matching E ND, and program pointer is pointed to END following procedure section.In the native system, the WHILE circulation at most can be nested 3 layers, and label is reusable.
Because calling of macroprogram can be nested 4 grades, whenever call 1 time, the local variable rank adds 1, so if macro instruction, at first the local variable of initialization next stage is read the parameter value that will transmit then successively, to corresponding local variable assignment, read the macroprogram filename that will call afterwards, the file that pointed is newly opened.
If carry out macroprogram link order M99 in the macroprogram, control turns back to the program of calling.At this moment, the local variable rank subtracts 1, and the local variable value of preserving when recovering macroprogram and calling.
If this program segment be not macrostatement, also will according to it whether be in mode call in and whether be that different processing is carried out in move.If have only a mode to call, the macroprogram of once appointment is just called in a move of then every execution.If specify several mode macroprograms, the movement instruction in the once next macroprogram of every execution just calls and once goes up a macroprogram.
Wherein said macro call instruction has two kinds:
1) nonmodal calls
G65L＜1〉＜the independent variable appointment〉P＜p 〉
2) mode is called
G66L＜1〉＜the independent variable appointment〉P＜p 〉
.........
G67
Wherein＜1〉the polyphony number of times of attaching most importance to, default value is 1;＜p〉be invoked macroprogram filename; Independent variable is the data that are delivered in the macroprogram.
The difference of two kinds of method of calling is when nonmodal calls, to have only appointment G65, and the macroprogram of address P appointment just is called; And mode is when calling, as long as between G66 and G67, the macroprogram of once appointment is just called in a move of every execution.G66 and G67 should use in pairs.
Figure aided programming method of the present invention: comprise figure configuration module, information collocation module, verification configuration module, help configuration module and macroprogram file, wherein:
Described figure configuration module provides several processing modes, selects the operation of own needs the tabulation that the user can be from screen (for example car, mill, bore).In case selected good operation, system can show a series of graphics templates.For any one template, system also shows the parameter that they are all except providing its planimetric map, and the operation that will carry out it provides text description.Because each graphics template is stored in the digital control system, think and make things convenient for accessing of figure, the one-piece construction file of a graphics template need be provided, wherein provide the detailed taxonomical hierarchy of figure, this document among the present invention is named as global.inf.
Described information collocation module provides the input mode of each parameter and the implication of this parameter representative at each graphics template.The user can fill each parameter value under the prompting of system after having selected suitable operation.Different parameter values can make the user process the part of same type different size.
Described verification configuration module provides the mutual restriction relation of its all parameters at the template that each figure configuration module is provided, thus the part that guarantees certain size can process, avoided the maloperation of lathe.
The operation that described help configuration module will be carried out for each graphics template provides detailed text description.
Described macroprogram file provides part program, and this program strictly according to the rules numerical control language format is write.
Because five modules be a kind of part service simultaneously, for convenience's sake, for a kind of part, each module file is got same filename, is distinguished on extension name.
How carry out the figure aided programming and realize the numerical control systemic-function is expanded below by illustrating by each configuration module.
1. global configuration file
If the part that the user provides has 3 types: car (tok), mill (sverlo) and bore (freza), car is divided into rough turn (pazn) and finish turning (pazp) two classes again, several types is arranged below rough turn again, depth=3 among the global.inf then, the presentation graphic rank is the darkest to be 3 layers; First_level, second_level, three keywords of third_level have provided the graphics template title of this layer respectively.Be separated by with comma between each title, the higher level kind is sealed with " [] ", and in the present invention, this document is deposited under the config directory.Form is as follows.
depth＝3
first_level：
tok，sverlo，freza
second_level：
[tok]000，pazn，pazp
[sverlo]000，fgr，flc
[freza]000，sca，sgc
third_level：
[pazn]000，tgj，tgk
2. image configurations file
Comprise two kinds: the small icon in the tabulation and the planimetric map of part.What icon sizes adopted is the picture of 72 * 60 pixels, and what planimetric map adopted is 432 * 230 pixels, and two kinds of files all will be placed on programming personnel's appointed positions.Among the present invention, icon is deposited in the config directory under the corresponding icons catalogue, and part drawing is deposited under the corresponding pictures.System can discern the image file of jpg and bmp form.
3. information configuration file
Be used for providing the input mode of certain all parameter of class part and the implication of representative.In the file, be separated by with " [] " between the parameter, the input mode of type boot parameter, info guides the implication of its representative.
If parameter x can arbitrarily be imported by the user, promptly accept its numerical value by text box, its implication is the value ofx axis (X-axis value). in the inf file, should fill in like this:
[x]type＝lineedit；info＝the?value?of?x?axis.
And if the less and relative fixed of the value of parameter s, as s value in 0,1,2 only, then s can pass through the drop-down list value, is the magnification times (effective time) as if its implication, should fill in like this in information configuration file file:
[s]type＝combobox(0，1，2)；info＝the?magnification?times.
By the configuration of information configuration file, strengthened the operation friendly of man-machine interface.
4. verification configuration file
Be used for providing the mutual restriction relation of certain all parameter of class part.In the file, be separated by with " [] " between the parameter, between each constraint condition of a parameter with "; " be separated by.Most of mathematical function commonly used can appear in the restriction relation, as abs, sqrt, exp, ln, sin, cos, asin, acos etc.
Supposing has such two to the restriction relation of parameter x, x＞0, x＜abs (y), should fill in constraint configuration file file like this:
[x]x＞0；x＜abs(y)
5. help configuration file
Help file is described in detail this processing technology.File layout is a text formatting, can carry out friendly operation helping prompt to the user by help file, is user-friendly to.
6. program file
The macroprogram file is write with standard numerical control language and macrostatement.Be used for defining the specific implementation of expanded function.Be that a macroprogram of repeatedly pecking the skill of changing a job realizes below.
(DRILL.prg)
G98G21G90
#2＝#5023
G0#24Y#25
Z#18
WHILE[#18GT#26]DO1
#1＝[#18-#8]
IF[#1GE#26]THEN?G1Z#1F#9
IF[#1LT#26]THEN?G1Z#26F#9
#18＝#1
END1
G0Z#2
M99
Fig. 3 provides the overall design process flow diagram of graph-aided macro programming.At first provide several processing modes, therefrom select the part that will process, access the planimetric map of this part after choosing, all parameter names in the displayed map simultaneously, the user can import corresponding numerical value for each parameter.By the time after the parameter value input of user with needs, the value legitimacy of each parameter is checked by the verification module.In case the situation of rule occurs not meeting, provide prompting, and focus is moved to illegal parameter place, to make things convenient for user's modification.All satisfied given rule up to all parameters, can submit to form a macro instruction.Wherein Shu Ru parameter value is exactly the variable that will be delivered to macroprogram in the macro instruction.
Fig. 4 is the graphic user interface of graph-aided macro programming.When the non-selected any graphics template of user, what the right side, interface showed is various graphics templates tabulations, selects to make things convenient for the user.In case the user has selected a certain graphics template, system can append the end of macroprogram filename to dos command line DOS automatically, is equivalent to the once registration to template.Simultaneously, the right side, interface accesses the planimetric map of this template, and each parameter of mark among the figure makes the user to the part that oneself will process a understanding intuitively be arranged.The left side, interface is the parameter combinations of carrying out according to the information that configuration module provides, and wherein parameter name can be revised, and parameter value also can be imported by the user, and all modifications all will dynamically be embodied in the dos command line DOS of top, interface.When cursor was mobile between each parameter, the below, interface can in time provide the implication of each parameter representative, deepened the understanding of user to parameter from figure and two angles of literal.Change the value of parameter, just can realize processing with a kind of part different size.Be divided into two kinds of nonmodal and mode because macroprogram is called, provide therefore on the interface that choosing is existing to be selected it, this selection is also directly write in the macro instruction.Imported all parameter values of own needs as the user after, the verification module just can carry out validity checking to it.What at this moment, the below, interface showed is the rule that article one is not being met in the checking process.After pressing any key, cursor can move to the parameter place that does not meet rule and directly revise, and embodies the fault-tolerance of system.After finishing checking procedure, system has just formed the macro-program code of a complex techniques process.Realized complex techniques process programming interactive programming, the user only need insert several technological parameters, has just finished the programming of this technology.
The method for designing of numerical control system graph-aided macro programming of the present invention combines graphical programming and two kinds of programmed methods of macro programming of digital control system, can give full play to the advantage of two kinds of programmed methods:
A. Graphic Design. Use human-computer interaction device's (keyboard, mouse etc.), by human-computer dialogue (function menu, order button etc.) mode is selected and is shown parts pattern, and laggard Configuration, demonstration and the real-time information indicating of row Parameters of The Parts are again with the dimensioning of part to be processed The very little technique information parameter input computer that waits after legitimate verification and instant modification, forms Instruction code, this moment, the instruction of output was macroprogram call instruction (macro-instruction). Macro-instruction is once defeated Go out just and can carry out syntactic analysis by the interpreter interface of Graphs Aided Programming module, thereby finish journey The processing of order is carried out.
B. Graphs Aided Programming is to the conversion of macroprogram. Comprise the selection of nonmodal, mode, and grand The concrete generation type of instruction.
C. configurable, can expand. Deposit two kinds of configuration files in the memory, can to the part kind, The philosophies such as the parameter of a certain concrete part are configured, and have well expanded systemic-function.
D. the support of help document. To each part, provide concrete text description.
Claims (7)
1. the method for designing of a numerical control system graph-aided macro programming is characterized in that: at first, form macro instruction by the figure aided programming, then the macro instruction that forms is deciphered processing, carry out nc program again and handle.
2. press the method for designing of the described numerical control system graph-aided macro programming of claim 1, it is characterized in that: wherein macro instruction is the parameter combinations of carrying out according to the information that the figure aided programming provides, again by the input of user to parameter, conversion with the figure aided programming calls to macroprogram forms macro instruction.
3. by the method for designing of the described numerical control system graph-aided macro programming of claim 2, it is characterized in that: the figure aided programming comprises the selection of nonmodal, mode and the concrete form of macro instruction to the means of the conversion of macroprogram.
4. press the method for designing of the described numerical control system graph-aided macro programming of claim 1, it is characterized in that: wherein the method that the macro instruction that forms is deciphered is: macro instruction just can be carried out grammatical analysis by the explanation module interface of figure aided programming module once output, thereby finish the processing of program is carried out; Specifically: in the syntactic analysis phase of digital control system interpreter, read a program segment at every turn and be placed in the buffer zone, buffer zone comprises a pointer, points to the starting position of unprocessed portion still.Data in a plurality of these buffer zones of analytic function sequential processes are analyzed all letter and numbers that comprise in the program segment, and function moves this pointer automatically to correct position after finishing separately grammatical analysis; After finishing whole grammatical analyses, all machining information data are converted to inner information format and are stored in the data structure, so that follow-up nc program uses.
5. by the method for designing of the described numerical control system graph-aided macro programming of claim 4, it is characterized in that: it is as follows that detailed step is handled in the decoding of macro instruction:
1) from the macroprogram file that formation macro instruction is called, reads the program segment of current pointer indication, judge whether to be macrostatement according to its character string that begins, be whether to comprise the controlled keyword of grand steering order in the determining program section, and the keyword that whether comprises the macro call instruction;
2) if comprise above-mentioned keyword, then enter into macro call, the branch of macrostatement handles accordingly respectively as the case may be;
3) if this program segment be not macrostatement, also will according to it whether be in mode call in and whether be that different processing is carried out in move.If have only a mode to call, the macroprogram of once appointment is just called in a move of then every execution.If specify several mode macroprograms, the movement instruction in the once next macroprogram of every execution just calls and once goes up a macroprogram.
6. by the method for designing of the described numerical control system graph-aided macro programming of claim 5, it is characterized in that: wherein said macro call is divided into nonmodal and calls with mode and call two kinds.
7. press the method for designing of the described numerical control system graph-aided macro programming of claim 1, it is characterized in that: wherein figure aided programming method comprises figure configuration module, information collocation module, verification configuration module, helps configuration module and macroprogram file to be configured, and generates corresponding configuration file.
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2006
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