CN101208508A - Fuel vapor systems for internal combustion engines - Google Patents

Abstract

Fuel is vaporized under substantial super-atmospheric pressure. Surfaces are heated by the engine's electrical system. Vapor heated by a wall bounding a vaporization space turbulently mixes with incoming liquid spray, helping to produce new vapor. Useful for cold start, liquid spray reaching a rapidly heated impact plate is vaporized. Multiple heat-transfer surfaces are exposed to the same vapor volume, one, a surface of revolution surrounding the spray, another, a transverse surface across the spray. The spray is in pulses. Glow plugs are arranged perpendicular to heat-distributing members. A volume-surrounding wall receives heat from an annular medium. A fuel vaporizer dedicated to a single combustion region has a cup-shaped vaporization chamber heated by a central heater in opposition to liquid spray. In such a system also having a vapor injection valve synchronized with engine timing, the internal between operations of the valves is controlled to enable heat-transfer to vaporize the fuel and build up pressure.

Description

The fuel vapor system that is used for internal-combustion engine

Technical field

The present invention relates to such system: it changes liquid fuel into fuel fume, to improve the burning in the internal-combustion engine.

Background technique

Can influence the efficient and the exhaust emissions of fuel significantly to the motor fuel supplying mode.In having the reciprocating engine of Carburetor, liquid gasoline is incorporated into by the concentrated area in the air-flow of combustion-supporting air, and afterwards, air-fuel mixture is divided into several parts and be assigned in each cylinder of motor.Have in the reciprocating engine of fuel injector at its cylinder, the liquid fuel after the pressurization pushed the nozzle of the sparger of flowing through, to eject the spraying of forming by the liquid fuel particle.The suction port place that is sprayed at cylinder is injected in the combustion-supporting air, perhaps is directly injected in the combustion zone.The partial combustion of fuel in these motors and other motor can cause adverse effect to fuel economy, and produces harmful effulent.Decades ago, people have proposed and will carry out evaporation in advance to fuel, with this as improve fuel efficiency and reduce engine exhaust by way of, but do not find as yet any can received solution.

Summary of the invention

For the motor in the running, the superatmospheric basically vaporization chamber of pressure (or steam chamber) has injected fuel spray sparger pulsation, pressurization, and itself and heated heating surface are separated.Before circulated near sparger by spraying steam that form, that be under the pressure, wherein, steam is formed by the heating that spraying is subjected to heating surface.The liquid state spraying that the steam interception sprays into, and admixed together with the liquid state spraying with the form of turbulent flow.Because mixture is subjected to the further heating of heating surface, so will help to form more steam.According to keeping the mode that is higher than atmospheric pressure in the vaporization chamber basically, guide fuel fume into motor from the steam channel that vaporization chamber is drawn.Thereby the vapor density relevant with the pressure state of vaporization chamber will help the formation of fuel fume.Being injected into the steam chamber fuel from liquid enters into time lag the engine combustion zone and flox condition and can promote the mixing of any residual fuel particle after steam and the atomizing.Fuel for gasoline etc. has been found that: need not to use air draught in steam chamber, just can produce effective the evaporation, and steam can be transported to each cylinder of motor from central steam chamber.In the other example, import pressurized air limitedly and can help work.Air helps to be heated circulating of steam, and helps it to mix with the liquid spray that sprays into.In any system, the kinetic energy of the liquid spray that is imported itself just can produce strong turbulent mixture effect.If air will be introduced in the steam chamber, it can be used as the transverse jet at nozzle place, and liquid jet is to occur at the nozzle place, thereby can impel liquid jet to be atomized into trickle particle.

In another design, for each cylinder of motor or other combustion zone are provided with special-purpose steam under pressure chamber.The vapour injection nozzle can be configured to fuel fume is ejected in the air inlet of combustion zone, perhaps is directly injected in the combustion zone.The superatmospheric degree of pressure is the function of following factor in the steam chamber: enter into the energy of the liquid spray of steam chamber, the make-break operation that discharged from this steam chamber by thermal evaporation and steam.Can trigger this make-break operation in phase, electrically with the engine timing rule, perhaps can come complete operation by spring-loaded in response to the pressure in the steam chamber.The super-atmospheric pressure numerical value that is adopted depends on related engine type.Pressure when under any circumstance, fuel fume is discharged all is enough to it is pushed to use position Dian Chu in the motor.The mode of execution of this special evaporator is when work, and air is excluded outside the steam generation chamber.

Be provided with in the mode of execution of special-purpose steam generation chamber for each combustion zone of motor at some, the pulsed quantity that is injected to the liquid fuel spraying in each combustion zone is adjusted to and can forms single part of fuel charge.Before steam is discharged from steam chamber, the moment of this liquid spray is adjusted, to form suitable heating time at interval.The timing that the amount of the duration at this interval, the liquid pulse that is sprayed and steam are discharged all is subjected to the control of engine management computers.For example under the corresponding situation of the cylinder of vaporizer and reciprocating type diesel engine, the duration in the time lag and add heat and be controlled so as to and in vaporization chamber, set up very high pressure.So just can keep under the situation of suitable timing relationship diesel vapor being directly injected in the combustion zone of cylinder of diesel engine with very high pressure in the zero hour with expansion stroke.

In the linguistic context of this paper, " pressure of super-atmospheric pressure basically " is meant that pressure is at least more than the 10psig (pound/square inch) in the vaporization chamber.Preferably,, adopt higher pressure, promptly surpass the pressure of 20psig until 80psig for petrol engine.For will be to the vaporization chamber of cylinder direct injection, it be suitable adopting higher pressure.Can be with this system as single fuel transportation measures, this system and other fuel conveying equipment are used, other fuel conveying equipment for example be for cold starting in air system the injecting LPG in liquefied condition particle, or inject fuel in the combustion space one for example for diesel engine.

In a kind of preferred construction, for vaporific device under cold machine condition comprises the fast area of heating surface that is arranged in steam chamber, this surface receives liquid fuel spraying, to realize the evaporation when initial.

In a kind of especially effectively structure, whether for the heating surface of cold starting and running, the heating surface still established for the warm-operation situation all interrelate with same steam generation volume.In a kind of structure, heated heating surface surrounds spraying, and for example, the columnar heating surface that is heated surrounds the spray cone that comes from sparger.This heating surface present position and sparger are at a distance of enough distances, so that make that in the warm-operation process most of evaporation processes occur in the free space.Horizontal expansion and be in the position of being got wet by initial spraying with second heating surface of sparger axes intersect.Second heating surface is by rapid heating, forming the steam of heating, thereby realizes the operation under the cold machine condition.In some design, this second heating surface can be used to the warm-operation of cold starting, the running of cold machine and motor.

Preferably, come heating surface is heated with the method for electric heating.In some design, open for the electric heater of heating surface setting completely cuts off with the steam volume, and under the other situation, this electric heater directly is exposed in the fuel.

Find that glow plug (promptly the resistance heating that stretches into thing based on body etc. is come the electric heater of work) is effective for the generation of steam.The characteristics that glow plug need have long service live have determined that its structure should be durable.The preferred construction feature comprises: the main central resistance of being made by platinum; Electrical insulation but the fine-powder of heat conduction, it is made up of glass basically, these powder filled resistive element and around heat conductive tube between the space.Heat-resisting Sealing seals glass powder under High Temperature High Pressure.

In a lot of favourable designs, adopted glow plug to heat middle heat transfer medium, this medium extends to from glow plug and forms the initiatively member of heating surface.For example, can adopt glow plug to heat, and at glow plug and form be provided with between the barrel on evaporation heat transfer surface annular heat-conducting medium.In a kind of example, annular heat-conducting medium is the heat conductive metal ring, and it for example is the aluminium sheet of annular, and this aluminium sheet engages with glow plug, and keeps the heat transfer by conduction relation with the wall member.In another kind of example, this annular heat-conducting medium is a heat conductive metal, it can be liquid under operating conditions, and can play the effect of radiator with the relevant heat of phase transition process (becoming liquid or inverse variation) of this metal, thereby around ring body, form stable temperature conditions from solid.

Preferably, by the heating surface that is made of the thin heat conduction board of lightweight with glow plug heating, to begin to produce steam apace, heating surface is wherein drenched by the spraying of liquid state.In the mode of execution of this design, glow plug and heat conduction board all expose, so that fuel is heated.

In some embodiments, for the heating surface of surface of revolution form is the center with the axis of glow plug, and stretch out from this axis.For the steam generator that aims at each cylinder arrangement of motor, this is a kind of favourable structure.In a kind of favourable structure, special-purpose steam generator is essentially cup-shaped, and central glow plug is from the liquid spray injector nozzle of center projection to alignment, glow plug exposes, so that produce steam, and the bottom of cup shell heated, and the upwardly extending sidewall of cup shell is heated by the bottom of cup shell.The shape of cup shell bottom is designed to the deflection surface, and is mobile to guide, and it is imported in the hybrid motion.Because the pressure in the steam chamber is higher, so can reduce the size of steam chamber.

The specified structure of fuel vapor system will be described below.

A kind of specific structure is the fuel vaporizer that is used for internal-combustion engine, and this fuel vaporizer comprises: the pressure chamber of sealing, and it defines a volume; The heating surface relevant with described volume, it is designed to be heated; And liquid fuel supply system, it is arranged to the liquid fuel spraying of emission diffusion pattern in volume under pressure, injected fuel spray is to eject from least one outlet of separating with heating surface, and at described heating surface, the structure of pressure chamber and liquid fuel supply system and position are designed to form a mixed area between at least one outlet and heating surface, injected fuel spray its from described export house through the process of described volume, in this mixed area, be subjected to heating significantly and being evaporated by mixing with the thermal afterburning material steam that circulates, wherein, described thermal afterburning material steam before flow through from heating surface, and received extra heat from heating surface, fuel vaporizer goes out circulation road with steam and is associated, this goes out circulation road and comprises flow control member, the fuel fume that the structure of fuel vaporizer and position are designed to allow to pressurize flows to motor, can keep evaporation that superatmospheric basically pressure in the volume takes place simultaneously.

The mode of execution of this design has following one or more features.

Be equipped with electrical system on the fuel vaporizer, it comprises battery and by engine-driven power supply, wherein, heating surface is heated by the electric power from electrical system output.

This fuel vaporizer is designed under the situation that does not have air draught basically liquid fuel be evaporated.

This fuel vaporizer is designed under the limited compressed-air actuated situation of input liquid fuel is being evaporated in the pressure chamber.

Fuel vaporizer comprises liquid-propellant injection system, and it is as described liquid fuel supply system, and this system is designed to spray into controlled liquid fuel spray pulses in volume.

Liquid fuel supply system is designed to carry to ejecting system the liquid fuel pulse stream of pressurization, and wherein, the lasting duration of each pulse is about 1 second or longer.

Liquid fuel supply system comprises controller, so that produce the pressurized liquid stream pulse of lasting duration and/or frequency change in response to the demand of fuel fume.

In a kind of preferred form, for the liquid-propellant injection system of vaporizer setting comprises: pulse signal generator, it is designed to produce a series of signal pulse according to the demand for fuel of motor; Liquid fuel injector; The liquid fuel pipeline, it is connected to from electric fuel pump and receives pressure flow, and pressurized fuel flowed to liquid fuel injector, the structure of liquid fuel injector and position are designed to produce in response to signal pulse scattered liquid fuel spray pulses, the described outlet of flowing through of this spray pulses.

Comprise electric fuel pump with the matching used liquid-propellant injection system of petrol engine, its be designed to fluid pressure with about 60～100psig with liquid fuel jet in vaporization chamber, and fuel vaporizer is designed to make the pressure in the vaporization chamber volume to be maintained at about in the scope of 30～80psig, and the pressure of liquid fuel is basically greater than the pressure in the vaporization chamber volume.

Carburetor circuit is designed to provide fuel fume to the air-flow of combustion-supporting air, and in such system, vaporizer is designed to the pressure in the vaporization chamber is maintained between about 65～75psi.

In the Fuel Petroleum ejecting system, for example in order to inject fuel into the suction port place of petrol engine, vaporizer is designed to the pressure in the vaporization chamber is maintained at about between 40～50psi.

In the above-described embodiment, vaporizer is designed to the pressure of liquid fuel is remained greater than the pressure in the vaporization chamber, preferably, wants big 5psi at least, in some cases, big 10psi, 15psi or bigger.

Fuel vaporizer is designed to be associated with the single combustion zone of internal-combustion engine.

The liquid-propellant injection system set for the vaporization chamber that is specific to the single combustion zone of motor is designed to: according to the timing relation of motor, and the amount to be suitable for the combustion zone is filled, controlled liquid fuel spray pulses is ejected in the vaporization chamber of vaporizer.

The fuel vaporizer that is specific to the single combustion zone of motor is designed to come injecting LPG in liquefied condition with the pressure that surpasses about 100psig, and as the liquid spray that is ejected in the evaporator capacity, under many circumstances, pressure is higher than 150psig with it.

Fuel vaporizer is designed to diesel fuel is evaporated, and sprays diesel fuel vapor, so that it burns in the cylinder of diesel engine.

The liquid fuel supply system of vaporizer is designed to be and has formed such spraying: it has axis, and heating surface is the axisymmetric surface of revolution round spraying.

The heating surface of vaporizer is around spraying, and in the preferred case, spraying is taper, and heating surface is essentially cylindrical shape.

Heating surface as surface of revolution is to be formed by the heat-conducting metal of thickness about 1/16 to 1/18 inch.

Heating surface comprises the lateral surfaces relative with spraying.The mode of execution of this design has following one or more characteristics.Lateral surfaces is circular form.Heating surface comes down to cup-shaped, and it comprises with the relative lateral surfaces of spraying with around the outer wall section of spraying.Be that lateral surfaces links to each other with at least one electric heater effectively.Be that lateral surfaces links to each other with at least one glow plug effectively.

A kind of fuel vaporizer is designed to be associated with the single combustion zone of internal-combustion engine, and is effectively, and it has single glow plug, and glow plug is disposed in center position with respect to lateral surfaces, glow plug and spraying substantial registration.

The shape of the horizontal heating surface relative with spraying is designed to receive spraying, and will spray with the form deflection motion that mixes, and for example, lateral surfaces can be the annular portion that is recessed into.

Fuel vaporizer is designed to can evaporation of diesel fuel, also can spray diesel vapor.

Fuel vaporizer is designed to evaporate gasoline, but also injected petrol steam.

Fuel vaporizer has the heater that is associated with heating surface, and it exposes, with volume in fuel directly contact.

Fuel vaporizer has the heater that is associated with heating surface, and the Connecting format of heating surface and heater can prevent that the fuel in heater and the volume from coming in contact.

Fuel vaporizer comprises conduction material, and it can undergo phase transition under operating conditions, and this material contacts with the member that forms heating surface, and it has constituted the part of heat-transfer path between heater and the heating surface.This material can be the sodium of fusible heat-conducting metal-for example.

Fuel vaporizer has the heater that is associated with heating surface, and it comprises one or more glow plugs that become the heat transfer relation with heating surface.

The heat transfer medium of heat conduction extends to the member that forms heating surface from least one glow plug.

The conduction heat transfer medium that extends to heating surface from glow plug is the annulus of heat conduction, and it is around the outside of wallboard, and with its maintenance thermo-contact, wherein, the inside of described wallboard has formed heating surface.

Fuel vaporizer comprises electric heater, and it comprises a plurality of glow plugs, and these glow plugs loose separately along the member that forms heating surface.

In fuel vaporizer, the spraying that is formed by liquid-propellant injection system is oriented in axial direction, and fuel vaporizer comprises cross member, and it has formed heating surface, this surface with provide the electric heater of electric power to link to each other by the engine electrically system, and its bearing of trend and described axis traversed by.

Fuel vaporizer comprises the heating surface that is heated, and it is positioned under the cold start conditions with the liquid fuel spraying and impacts mutually, with evaporating liquid, and then is provided for the fuel fume of engine cold starting and running.In useful embodiment, be oriented to impact this be heated heating surface and at least one glow plug maintenance heat transfer by conduction relation of spraying, so that this heating surface is carried out electric heating.

Fuel vaporizer has first, second heating surface, and two heating surfaces are associated with separately heater.

First, second heating surface is all relevant with the inner given volume of vaporization chamber, first heating surface is associated with the mixed area, second heating surface is arranged to be subjected at least the impact of liquid fuel spraying under cold machine state, so that the impact spraying is evaporated.

Fuel vaporizer forms the liquid fuel spraying of expansion pattern, and this spraying distributes round axis, and first heating surface be designed to axis at a distance of the position of certain distance around spraying, second heating surface extends traversed by and crosses the axis of spraying.

Fuel vaporizer has second heating surface, and this heating surface is to be formed by the piercing member made from Heat Conduction Material.

Fuel vaporizer has second heating surface, and it is associated with the heat effect of glow plug.

The steam that fuel vaporizer has himself goes out circulation road, this passage is configured to be discharged in the combustion-supporting air conduit zone that links to each other with motor, and described flow control member is a steam control valve, it is suitable for activateding in response to the power demand of motor, so that the vapor flow rate that flow in the air conduit is controlled.A kind of preferred embodiment in, the zone of combustion-supporting air conduit is the Venturi tube zone.

Fuel vaporizer links to each other with the internal-combustion engine with a plurality of combustion zones, and the steam of vaporization chamber goes out circulation road and is configured to carry steam to one group of fuel fume sparger, each fuel fume sparger all communicates directly or indirectly with corresponding engine combustion zone, and vapor steam blaster is suitable for activateding in response to the power demand of motor.

The fuel fume sparger is configured to fuel fume is displaced in the air inlet port area of each combustion zone of motor, and perhaps the fuel fume sparger is designed to fuel fume directly is displaced in each combustion zone of motor.

The structure of fuel vaporizer and size are designed to the single combustion zone of the motor with a plurality of combustion zones transfer the fuel steam, be effectively, the heating surface of vaporizer is cup-shaped, and it comprises with the relative lateral surfaces of spraying with around the wall portions of spraying.The mode of execution of this structure has one or more following features.Vaporizer has glow plug, and this glow plug is arranged in the central position with respect to lateral surfaces, and the axis substantial alignment of the axis of glow plug and spraying.Diametrically, lateral surfaces is crooked or tilts, so that receive spraying and it is carried out local derviation with the form of mixing.Lateral surfaces is the concave surface of annular portion.The valve that is used to control vapor flow rate is by spring-biased valve, and it is designed to be opened by the pressure in the pressure chamber.The valve that is used to control vapor flow rate is designed to by the timing system of motor it be carried out opening and closing.

This fuel vaporizer is exclusively used in to a combustion zone of the motor with a plurality of combustion zones service is provided, liquid-propellant injection system is designed to controlled liquid fuel spray pulses is ejected in the volume of vaporizer, each pulse all has timing relation with motor, and its pulsed quantity is suitable for that fuel is finished in the combustion zone and fills.The mode of execution of this design can have following one or more features.Flow control member is the vapour injection valve, and it is designed to according to the work of engine timing rule, and control system is suitable for the time lag that is ejected between each liquid spray pulse in the evaporator capacity is controlled, and activates steam valve.Fuel vaporizer is used to produce diesel fuel vapor.Control system is designed to keep the time lag between the injection of the injection of liquid spray in vaporization chamber and diesel vapor, is enough to allow the initial moment in the firing chamber acting stage that diesel vapor is directly injected in the combustion zone to guarantee the pressure in the vaporization chamber.

Another kind of specific design is the fuel vaporizer that is used on the internal-combustion engine with combustion zone, and it comprises: the pressure chamber of sealing, and it defines a volume; With the heating surface that described volume is associated, it is configured to be heated; And liquid fuel supply system, it is arranged to the outlet of separating from least one and the heating surface liquid fuel spraying to described volume pressurized jet expansion pattern, liquid fuel supply system comprises fuel injection system, it is designed to the form spraying with controlled pulse, each pulse is all synchronous with the timing rule of motor, and pulsed quantity is suitable for that fuel is finished in the combustion zone of motor and fills, be effectively, heating surface is cup-shaped, and it comprises with the relative lateral surfaces of spraying with around the outer wall section of spraying.Be effectively, vaporizer has glow plug, and it is disposed in the central position with respect to lateral surfaces, the axis substantial alignment spraying of glow plug, and the vapor flow rate control piece comprises valve, and this valve is designed to and can be unlocked, with to the combustion zone of motor transfer the fuel steam.

The mode of execution of this design can have following one or more features.

The valve that the transfer the fuel steam is flowed through is subjected to the loading of spring, and is designed to by the opened by pressure in the pressure chamber.

The valve that the transfer the fuel steam is flowed through is designed to the timing system opening and closing by motor.In a kind of preferred form, vaporizer links to each other with control system, and this control system is suitable for controlling the time lag between the actuating of each subpulse of in evaporator capacity atomizing of liquids spraying and valve, wherein, carries out the conveying of fuel fume through described valve.Fuel vaporizer is designed to produce diesel fuel vapor, and with vapor injection in the combustion zone.

Another kind of specific design is the fuel vaporizer that is used on the internal-combustion engine that is equipped with electrical system, and electrical system wherein comprises battery and by engine-driven power supply, fuel vaporizer comprises: closed chamber; First, second heating surface, they are associated with described chamber, and are configured to be heated, and at least the second heating surface is by the electric power heating of electrical system; And liquid fuel supply system, it is arranged to spray to described chamber from least one outlet the liquid fuel spraying of at least a expansion pattern under pressure, be directed to first heating surface, the structure of chamber and liquid fuel supply system and position are designed to set up evaporation region between at least one outlet and first heating surface, in running operating mode process, injected fuel spray is subjected to sufficient heating in this evaporation region, and be evaporated, and at second heating surface, the structure and the position of chamber and liquid fuel supply system are configured to: under cold machine condition, make liquid spray directly impact on second heating surface, and second heating surface is configured to be subjected to rapid heating, and be designed to impact spraying and evaporate, so that under cold machine condition, provide fuel fume for motor.

The mode of execution of this design can have following one or more features.

Liquid fuel supply system is designed to produce the fog pattern that distributes round axis from least one outlet, first heating surface is the surface of revolution form around spraying, and second heating surface comprises that one is arranged to and the axis traversed by, and with the general direction facing surfaces of spraying expansion.

Fuel vaporizer makes second heating surface of himself be subjected to the heating of at least one glow plug, glow plug provides energy by electrical system, a kind of preferred embodiment in, this heating surface is that the plate by heat conduction forms, and glow plug and this plate keep thermo-contact.

Fuel vaporizer comprises control piece, its role is to: only under cold machine condition, just the glow plug to second heating surface provides energy.

The chamber of fuel vaporizer has formed single volume, and two heating surfaces all expose to this volume, so that realize evaporation.

Fuel vaporizer is designed to: in running operating mode process, under the situation that does not have air substantially liquid fuel is evaporated.

Another kind of specific structure is a kind of fuel vaporizer, it is used on the internal-combustion engine that is equipped with electrical system, electrical system wherein comprises battery and by engine-driven power supply, fuel vaporizer is designed to: in running operating mode process, evaporating liquid fuel under the situation that does not have air substantially, this fuel vaporizer comprises: the pressure chamber of sealing, and it defines a volume; First, second heating surface that is associated with this volume, each heating surface are all heated by the electric power of electrical system; And liquid fuel supply system, it is arranged to from the liquid fuel spraying of at least one outlet pressurized jet expansion pattern to described pressure chamber, at first heating surface, the structure of pressure chamber and liquid fuel supply system and position are designed to set up the mixed area between at least one outlet and this heating surface, injected fuel spray its from outlet through the process that described volume is propagated, by in this mixed area with circulate, fuel fume after the heating mixes mutually and is subjected to sufficient heating, and then be evaporated, wherein, the fuel fume that circulates formerly flows through from this heating surface, and received extra heat from heating surface, at second heating surface, the structure and the position of pressure chamber and liquid fuel supply system are designed to: under cold machine condition, liquid spray is directly impacted on second heating surface, and second heating surface is designed to the next spraying of impact and evaporates, fuel vaporizer goes out circulation road with steam and links to each other, this goes out circulation road and comprises flow control member, the structure of fuel vaporizer and position are designed to make the fuel fume of pressurization to flow to motor, can make simultaneously to keep malleation in the volume.

Another kind of specific structure is a kind of diesel fuel vaporizer, it is used on the internal-combustion engine that is equipped with electrical system, electrical system wherein comprises battery and by engine-driven power supply, this fuel vaporizer is used to evaporate liquid diesel fuel, this fuel vaporizer comprises: the pressure chamber of sealing, and it defines certain volume; The heating surface that is associated with this volume, and this heating surface is by the electric power heating of electrical system; And liquid fuel supply system, it is arranged to the diesel liquid fuel spraying of outlet pressurized jet expansion pattern to described volume of separating from least one and heating surface, at this heating surface, the structure of pressure chamber and liquid fuel supply system and position are designed to set up the mixed area between at least one outlet and this heating surface, injected fuel spray its from outlet through the process that described volume is propagated, by in this mixed area with circulate, fuel fume after the heating mixes mutually and is subjected to sufficient heating, and then be evaporated, wherein, the fuel fume that circulates formerly flows through from this heating surface, and received extra heat from heating surface, fuel vaporizer goes out circulation road with steam and links to each other, this passage comprises flow control member, and the structure of fuel vaporizer and position are designed to make the diesel fuel vapor flow direction engine of pressurization, can make the inner malleation that keeps of the volume that evaporation takes place simultaneously.

The mode of execution of this design has following one or more features.

The diesel fuel vaporizer comprises suction port, and its structure and position are designed to the pressurized air of limited flow is incorporated in the described volume.

The diesel fuel vaporizer comprises second heating surface, at second heating surface, the structure and the position of pressure chamber and liquid fuel supply system are configured to: under cold machine condition, make liquid spray can directly impact on second heating surface, second heating surface is used to evaporation and impacts spraying, to provide fuel fume to motor.

Another kind of specific member is fuel vaporizer and the vapor steam blaster that is used for internal-combustion engine, and it comprises: the pressure chamber of sealing, and it defines a volume; The heating surface relevant with described volume, and this surface is arranged to be heated; And liquid fuel supply system, it is arranged to lacking under the conditions of air, the liquid fuel spraying of outlet pressurized jet expansion pattern to volume of separating from least one and heating surface, liquid fuel supply system comprises fuel injection system, it is designed to spray controlled liquid fuel spray pulses in volume, each pulse all has the timing relation with motor, and pulsed quantity is suitable for finishing the charge to the engine combustion zone, heating surface comprises with the relative lateral surfaces of spraying with around the outer wall section of spraying, heating surface links to each other with glow plug, so that spraying is heated, and produce fuel fume, flow control member comprises valve, this valve is designed to the timing relation according to motor, open during a period of time after the pulse of each time liquid spray, so that fuel fume is transported in the motor.

The mode of execution of this design has one or more above at described various cup-shaped structure of special fuel vaporizer and glow plug member, and can be used to evaporation of diesel fuel.

Another kind of specific structure is the fuel vaporizer that is used for internal-combustion engine, is equipped with battery on this motor and by engine-driven power supply, fuel vaporizer comprises: the pressure chamber of sealing, and it defines a volume; At least one heating surface, it is associated with described volume, and only is arranged to be heated by the electrical system of motor; And liquid fuel supply system, it is arranged under pressure to spray to volume from the outlet that at least one and heating surface are separated the liquid fuel spraying of expansion pattern, the pressure chamber, liquid fuel supply system, and the heating of heating surface designed collaboratively and be arranged to fuel is evaporated, under big pressure, to form fuel fume, this fuel vaporizer goes out circulation road with steam and links to each other, this passage comprises flow control member, the fuel fume that the structure of fuel vaporizer and position are designed to allow to pressurize flows to motor, can make simultaneously in the volume that evaporation process takes place keeping exceeding basically atmospheric pressure.

The mode of execution of this design can have following one or more features.

Fuel vaporizer is designed to evaporating liquid fuel under the situation of basic shortage air draught.

Fuel vaporizer is designed under the situation of carrying limited flow air to the pressure chamber liquid fuel be evaporated.Air can be carried by the mode according to pressurized jet, to promote the atomizing of liquid spray.

Another kind of specific structure is a kind of fuel vaporizer, it has the heating surface that the heat conduction member by horizontal expansion constitutes, this heat conduction member has overall extension direction, and has at least one by power-actuated glow plug, the heated portion of this glow plug and heat conduction member keep thermo-contact closely, and the axis of glow plug is substantially perpendicular to the extension direction of heat conduction member.

The mode of execution of this design has one or more following features.

Fuel vaporizer has vaporific heating surface, and its internal surface by wallboard members constitutes, and this internal surface is the form of surface of revolution, and the heat conduction member of horizontal expansion comprises annular construction member, and it is around wallboard members, and with its maintenance thermo-contact.

Fuel vaporizer has the heat conduction member of horizontal expansion, its bearing of trend and direction traversed by from the injected fuel spray of sparger ejection.In one embodiment, this member comprises the heat conduction plate.In another embodiment, the horizontal expansion member has constituted the base section of cup-shaped fuel vaporization chamber.In another embodiment, the shape of heat conduction member is designed to help make it become the circulation form that is used for mixed function to the channeling conduct of flowing.

Another kind of specific design is a kind of glow plug, it comprises the resistance heater that is positioned at inside, this heater is the form of the elongated spiral winding made by platinum base alloy, elongated outer tube that made by heating resisting metal, the end sealing has formed an internal cavities, resistance heating coil is installed in this cavity, and heat conduction in the outer tube but the filler of electrical insulation is to be made of trickle glass powder basically, it makes heater and outer tube realize electrical insulation, and the while has formed thermal conducting path between the two.In one embodiment, the outer end of resistive heater coil is connected with the terminal member, and with the high temperature pressure seal glass terminal member is sealed on the external structure of glow plug.

Accompanying drawing and following description have been introduced the detailed structure of selected design.Can be well understood to other feature, purpose and advantage from following description, accompanying drawing and claim.

Description of drawings

Sectional drawing among Fig. 1 has represented to be used for the mixing chamber of evaporated fuel;

Figure 1A is the perspective schematic view that part is cutd open, and it has represented effective parts of fuel vaporizer;

Sectional view among Fig. 2 has represented to be used for the impact structure of evaporated fuel under the cold starting operating mode;

Among Fig. 2 A schematically perspective representation a kind of effective parts of fuel vaporizer;

Sectional view among Fig. 3 has represented to be used for carrying to motor the vaporizer of air and fuel fume mixture;

Sectional drawing among Fig. 3 A has been represented the rotary valve of vaporizer shown in Figure 3;

Sectional drawing among Fig. 4 has been represented a kind of system, and it comprises vaporizer shown in Figure 3 and other parts;

Sectional view among Fig. 5 has been represented the another kind of vaporizer that is used for carrying to motor air and fuel fume mixture;

Sectional view among Fig. 6 has represented that another is used for carrying to motor the vaporizer of air and fuel fume mixture;

Fig. 7 is the circuit diagram of impulse controller in the system shown in Figure 4;

Fig. 7 A has represented the pulse sequence by impulse controller generation shown in Figure 4;

Sectional view among Fig. 8 has been represented a kind of vaporizer that is used for to fuel fume spraying motor transfer the fuel steam;

Sectional drawing among Fig. 8 A has been represented a kind of remodeling of vaporizer shown in Figure 8;

Fig. 8 B is and view like Fig. 8 category-A, and it has represented another kind of mode of execution, and Fig. 8 C and Fig. 8 D then are respectively the top and bottom perspective views of vaporization chamber;

Sectional drawing among Fig. 9 has been represented a kind of system, and it comprises vaporizer shown in Figure 8 and other parts;

Fig. 9 A is and the similar view of Fig. 9 that it has represented to comprise the system of some other structure;

Fig. 9 B and Fig. 9 C are respectively the schematic end and the plan views of V-8 h type engine h, and this motor has adopted the mode of fuel vaporizer and fuel fume injection and cold starting liquid fuel jet;

Schematic cross sectional view among Fig. 9 D has been represented a kind of fuel fume sparger, and Fig. 9 E is similar view, and it has represented a kind of cold starting liquid fuel injector;

Fig. 9 F is the schematic cross sectional view of partly cut-away, and it has represented the relation between fuel fume sparger and its supply rail;

Fig. 9 G-1 has represented each stroke of four-stroke gasoline engine respectively to Fig. 9 G-4, and wherein, the suction port place of this petrol engine has adopted the fuel fume sparger;

Sectional drawing among Figure 10 has represented to be used for carrying to diesel engine the vaporizer of diesel vapor;

Sectional drawing among Figure 10 A has been represented another kind of diesel oil vaporizer;

Side sectional view among Figure 11 and the 11A and horizontal cross have been represented a kind of vaporizer, and this vaporizer combines percussion and mixed function when forming fuel fume;

Figure 12 and 12A and Figure 13 and Figure 13 A are and view like Figure 11 and Figure 11 category-A to have represented other mode of execution;

Figure 14 is and the similar schematic cross sectional views of Fig. 9 D, represented a kind of fuel fume sparger, and it has the fuel vaporizer of oneself;

Figure 15 has represented fuel fume is ejected into situation in the cylinder suction port;

Figure 16 is and the similar view of Figure 14 that it has represented the another kind of mode of execution that fuel vaporizer and vapor steam blaster combine;

Figure 17 has represented fuel fume is directly injected to situation in the cylinder;

Schematic representation among Figure 18 has represented to be used for the supply of fuel mechanism of diesel engine, and it has adopted device shown in Figure 16;

Figure 19 A has represented four strokes of ordinary diesel oil machine to Figure 19 D; And

Figure 20 is the side view that glow plug amplifies, this glow plug is used in the illustrated embodiment, sectional view among Figure 21 is further enlarged view of glow plug upper exterior tube, insulation and heating element, and the sectional drawing among Figure 22 has been represented being connected between electric heating stopper rod handle and the fixing body.

Reference character identical in each accompanying drawing refers to components identical.

Embodiment

Referring to Fig. 1, vaporization chamber 10 evaporates liquid fuel in chamber 12.This evaporation operation is such process: utilize this process to change the liquid fuel particle into gaseous state, in this gaseous state thing, residual liquid particle very trickle, that disperse also may suspend.For example, component lighter in the liquid fuel particle will be changed into gas fully, and heavier component then partly changes gas into, and remaining ultrafine particle is owing to be the form of mist, so have the very big gross area, this will help rapid heating and burning in the motor.

The pressure chamber of sealing comprises cylindrical wall 14 and end wall 15,17, and this pressure chamber defines volume 12.As shown by arrows, cylindrical wall 14 is subjected to the heating of external heat source.Liquid fuel 16 arrives vaporization chamber 10 from pressure source, and injected device 18 is sent in the volume 12 with the form of pulse.Sparger 18 utilizes pressure that liquid fuel is ejected into the volume 12 from one or one group of aperture.Sparger 18 is ground into spraying with liquid fuel, when initial, round axis A ₁Form taper or other desirable fog pattern.The radius R of vaporization chamber 10 is enough to form an open space, in this space, the spraying of volume 12 of passing through is subjected to strong mixed function and heat effect by contacting with fuel fume that circulate and heated, and fuel fume has wherein formerly flow through wall 14 and received extra heat.Fuel fume has been full of discharge route 20.22 the discharge system of being schematically represented as in the drawings controls the discharge flow rate of fuel fume.The flow through resistance flowing effect of flow rate, heat effect and the evaporation of sparger 18 and discharge system 22 of fuel has determined the pressure of volume 12 inner vapors.Under normal operating conditions, the jet pressure P that enters into the liquid fuel of sparger 18 is greater than the pressure P of volume 12 inner fuel steams ₁, and pressure P ₁Then be held apparently higher than barometric pressure.

Referring to Fig. 7, Fig. 7 A, according to the mode that hereinafter will describe, the mobile form that is configured to pulse of fuel, and the width of pulse and frequency satisfy Fuel Demand, and advantageously, the width of pulse was above one second.

In illustrated system, in normal working procedure, there is not air in the volume 12 basically.

In a kind of example, the radius R of vaporization chamber surpasses 1 inch, but less than 3 inches, for example is 1 and 1/4 inch, and the height H of vaporization chamber surpasses 3 inches, but less than 8 inches, for example is 5 inches.

The detailed structure of having represented a kind of example of evaporator unit among Figure 1A, this evaporator unit are designed to carry out work according to the principle of Fig. 1.The inside of cylindrical wall member 60 has formed a columnar heating surface S, and it has defined a zone with end wall, and liquid spray L just is injected in this zone.Cylindrical wall member 60 is to be made by 1/16 inch continuous thin plate of thick aluminium.The diameter of cylindrical wall member 60 for example is 2 and 1/2 feet.In the outer installment of cylindrical wall member 60 the annular heat distributed component 62 of heat conduction is arranged, itself and cylindrical wall member 60 keep thermo-contacts.One group of glow plug G links to each other with the thermal distribution member 62 of annular.The structure of thermal distribution member and position have been designed to form radially and circumferential thermal conducting path H, make logical glow plug G can heat the important area of cylindrical wall member effectively.The surperficial S of heated cylindrical wall member heats the steam that flows thereon conversely again.In the illustrated embodiment, the thermal distribution member 62 of annular is the form of flat disc, and it is to be made by 1/8 inch thick aluminium sheet.The plane of aluminium sheet 62 is arranged to the axis A with cylindrical body ₁Vertically.At the certain position place of leaving cylindrical wall member 60 ends, aluminium sheet 62 carries out thermo-contact with cylindrical wall member 60.Such thermo-contact for example realizes by press fit or welding.At some select location places, be arranged to and the 62 realization thermo-contacts of thermal distribution member by the glow plug G that switches on round annular heat distributed component 62.The axis of each glow plug G is vertical with the plane of aluminium sheet 62, and the part of being heated the most on each glow plug G is disposed in the depression or hole of making on the aluminium sheet 62, and keeps thermo-contact by the material of press fit and aluminium sheet 62.In illustrated example, be provided with three glow plug G, and these glow plugs distributing equally spacedly in ring week along cylindrical wall member 60.

As shown in the figure, glow plug G links to each other with the electrical system of motor car engine.When evaporator unit was configured to the running operating mode service of motor, then glow plug can selected Chengdu be to obtain 5 amperes electric current from 12 volts electrical system just.Glow plug is designed to the circulation opening and closing in response to suitable control system, they or work simultaneously, or once only open one of them.Control system can adopt thermosensor to monitor thermal conditions, and can be assisted it by control pressurer system, in order to the pressure in the monitoring vaporizer.Utilize such mechanism, the demand ground that just can satisfy steam powers to glow plug.Can in the starting cold-start system, power up, perhaps also can after cold-start system is excited and closes, power up again to glow plug G.The starting stage that cylindrical wall member 60 is heated can continue always, till evaporator unit reaches working state.Then, in second stage, at any time glow plug is powered up according to the demand of steam.In some instances, can power up one group of glow plug G simultaneously, perhaps can power up successively,, thereby once only need to drive a glow plug with the instantaneous power demands of reduction to electrical system to the glow plug in the glow plug array.

One of this design is characterised in that: the thermal mass of thin-walled member can heat up quickly, simultaneously, in operation process, can improve the efficient of electricity operation.The dotted line of bottom has been represented the further feature that can take among Figure 1A, hereinafter will be introduced these features after having described Fig. 2 and Fig. 2 A.

Structure among this structure and Figure 1A is similar, and it is suitable for producing in batches, this structure can be made the aluminum casting of one piece casting-for example, is integrated in this foundry goods with the heating manufacturing of glow plug equivalence.The minutia of this structure can be configured to adapt to the thermal expansion difference that may occur, and thermal expansion wherein may be depended on the change of time and the change at heating position.For example, can be provided as the flexible region of expansion pipe.For the higher operation of temperature, can adopt the material that is suitable for high temperature, for example the high temperature stainless steel alloy of Inconel 617 grades.

Referring to Fig. 2, another kind of evaporating system is transmitted heat come from the speed heating transverse slat 54 that is arranged in pressure chamber 50.Cylindrical wall 56, end wall 57 and 54 have formed vapor space 52.Sparger 58 ejects liquid fuel through one or one group of aperture, this sparger sprays into the liquid fuel of pressurization.From the spraying of sparger 58 ejection for example with round axis A ₂Symmetric pyramid build formula advance.The bearing of trend and the axis A of transverse slat 54 are heated ₂Traversed by, in illustrated example, itself and axis A ₂Vertically.

In this example, adopted structure shown in Figure 2, transverse slat is arranged to can be used as striking plate under the cold starting operating mode, and liquid fuel impacts on this plate and transverse slat 54 is drenched.In the case, each parts of evaporator unit are selected to: in the cold starting process, can directly evaporate on transverse slat 54.Under the cold starting operating mode, transverse slat 54 makes transverse slat can stop the firmly intermediate portion of liquid spray with respect to the position of sparger 58.Liquid fuel is by speed heating transverse slat 54, steam packed space 52 and discharge route 62 evaporations.Go out port system (being schematically denoted as 64 in the drawings) the discharge flow rate of fuel fume is controlled, make that the pressure of volume 52 inner vapor is P ₂Liquid fuel is carried to sparger by the form with one or more pulses.When spraying, the supply source 60 of liquid fuel is keeping being higher than P ₂Pressure P, with formation the flowing of sparger of flowing through.

For the vaporizer to motor car engine transfer the fuel steam, advantageously, the cavity volume 52 that is used for cold starting also can be used as evaporating space 12 shown in Figure 1, as to be used in the vaporization chamber 10 under the running operating mode.In other example, evaporating system comprises volume 12 and 52 separately, in this system, vaporization chamber 50 is used in the cold starting process, and vaporization chamber 10 then is used under the warming-up operating mode, in the case, two volumes can be communicated with, thereby the steam that produces in the cold starting volume can be full of the volume of running operating mode, with the starting of the operating mode that helps to turn round, and under the running operating mode, the cold starting volume can be used as other steam storage.

Fig. 2 A has represented a kind of detailed structure of evaporator unit example, and this evaporator unit is designed to according to principle work shown in Figure 2.Laterally the thermal distribution member 70 of heat conduction has continuous basically surperficial S, and this member is disposed in the gauge of corral wallboard members 72.This wallboard members can be the cylindrical wall 60 among Figure 1A, perhaps can be the wallboard members with different structure or structure.In the illustrated embodiment, thermal distribution member 70 is 1/16 inch thick, circular plane aluminium sheet, and the plane of this aluminium sheet is arranged to the axis A with cylindrical wall ₂Vertically.By press fit, welding or other measure, the ring of aluminium sheet 70 week, thermo-contact (promptly realizing the heat conduction continuity) was realized in regional inside with the cylindrical wall member.Aluminium sheet 70 separates with the end of cylindrical wall member, and to form another one steam volume 55, it is communicated with volume 52 by flow channel, and flow channel wherein for example is the hole 53 on aluminium sheet 70.

At peripheral inside select location, be provided with by electrically driven (operated) glow plug G from horizontal heat-distribution plate 70 ₁, it is vertical with heat-distribution plate 70, and keeps thermo-contact with it.For example, each glow plug G ₁Heated portion be press fit in the depression or hole of making on the aluminium sheet 70.In illustrated example, be provided with two glow plug G ₁, their spacings each other equate with spacing apart from cross member 70 peripheries.In this example, the body of glow plug extends upward from the bottom, and passes auxiliary vapor space 55, and the side surface of glow plug body receives heat from the resistive element of glow plug, and this side surface is exposed in the steam in the space 55.

Glow plug G ₁Keep being electrically connected with the electrical system EAS of motor car engine, and can be selected to from the electric current of 5 amperes of 12 volts electrical system absorptions.If when such unit was configured to the cold starting service of motor, then member 70 was arranged to respect to liquid spray sparger 18: in the cold starting process, admit liquid spray L with its surface.For in the use that rises under the machine pattern, after the ignition switch that has triggered motor, two glow plug G ₁All switch on, then, along with vaporizer reaches suitable steam occupid state, they are cut off the power supply rapidly, and this time period is for example in 3 to 5 seconds.Can finish control by suitable control system to spraying and heating operation.Vaporizer can adopt thermosensor to monitor the calorifics situation, and the working pressure sensor is monitored the pressure in the vaporizer.Such evaporation structure allows mode of execution shown in Figure 2 to begin to carry out the effect of cold starting vaporizer.The thermal mass of this structure live part is low, thereby starting is realized on the ground that can switch on fast effectively.After starting, can be with the glow plug in the cross member 40 outage, evaporation work is handed to the system shown in Figure 1A of other system-for example.Thereby, when initial, to the heating of member can be by the glow plug G of transverse wall member on every side ₁Finish, task is delivered afterwards, is come the annular construction member among Figure 1A is heated by glow plug G.In another kind of system, the performance of electrical system is enough strong, so at when starting two groups of glow plug G and G ₁All be powered, thereby in when starting, cylindrical wall will be by rapid heating, and as other hydraulic shock surface, to realize surface evaporation.

Further referring to Figure 1A, in some cases, after the initial use of cold starting, the glow plug G of cross member 40 can be heated termly, the glow plug G that is for example following mode of execution among Figure 1A carries out work, thereby the surface of cross member 70 can participate in above with reference in the described evaporation operation of Fig. 1.Even the glow plug on the member 70 is not switched on, the surface of member 70 also can be by means of being suitable for the thermo-contact of cylindrical wall member aspect the heating steam or keep its heating status aspect to play a role.

Exist a kind of and the similar structure of Fig. 2 A illustrated embodiment, this structure to be convenient to make, it can be made into a unit, for example is made into that a bulk metal shell-it for example is formed from aluminium, the device of integrated and glow plug equivalence in this unit.In another kind of situation, the unit that cross member structure shown in the annular heat distributed architecture among Figure 1A and Fig. 2 A is combined can be combined into individual unit, and this monomeric unit for example is the aluminium case.

In a kind of remodeling, the cross member 70 shown in Fig. 2 A can be designed to be suitable for being mainly cold starting according to principle shown in Figure 2 evaporation is provided, and provides evaporation according to the principle of Fig. 1 for the running operating mode.

Referring to Fig. 3, vaporizer 100 comprises the major character of two kinds of chambers 10,50 illustrated in figures 1 and 2.Except evaporation volume 104, vaporizer 100 also comprises the vapor storage volume 120 that is communicated with transfer passage 125.

Vaporizer 100 is by having replaced petrolic Carburetor to petrolic combustion-supporting air gasoline feed steam.Motor comprises electrical system, and this system comprises the battery that links to each other with generator or alternator, and system can provide electric power when starting and in the operation process.Vaporizer 100 can be called as throttle body system or single-point fuel system or center fuel system.The Carburetor that vaporizer 100 can be designed to install with bolt replaces part, thereby, use the common engine of Carburetor to need not big change usually and just can connect vaporizer 100.

Vaporizer 100 comprises liquid fuel injector 102, and it is ejected into liquid in the volume 104 through one or one group of aperture under pressure.In a kind of example, liquid fuel injector 102 has single diameter and is about 0.001 inch aperture.Sparger 102 is carried out electronic control, electrical signal " ON " can be opened the liquid service duct, electrical signal " OFF " is then with pathway closure.Formed a atomizer cone from the spraying of sparger 102 ejections around axis.In some instances, atomizer cone has formed the drift angle that is about 90 degree.Under the warm-operation operating mode, accommodate the fuel fume that circulates in the evaporation volume 104, this steam is heated when flowing through the cylindrical wall surface on the surface that arrives cylindrical wall 106 and with turbulent circuit form.Similar with process shown in Figure 1, vaporizer 100 will be from the liquid fuel spray evaporation of sparger 102 ejections by making high velocity fuel spraying and fuel fume that circulate, after being heated that strong turbulent mixture take place, wherein, the fuel fume that circulates has formerly flow through cylindrical wall 106, and obtains extra heat from cylindrical wall.In the warm-operation operating mode, the temperature in the volume 104 is retained as such temperature: it is corresponding with the temperature that evaporation takes place under operating conditions fuel.Concrete temperature depends on: the gasification temperature of forming the volatile component of this selected fuel; And for evaporating the selected specific malleation scope of work of volume.In a kind of example, the temperature in the volume 104 can be maintained at 168 °F.

By the heat transmission, by the glow plug 108A of engine electrically system energize and 108B with cylindrical wall 106 heating.For example can three glow plugs be set symmetrically round cylindrical wall.The glow plug that uses in this occasion is made by Bosch company, and can buy from Mercedes-Benz (U.S.) company in the LLC place that is positioned at New Jersey Montvale, and its Part No. is 001.159.2101.The top of these glow plugs can easily reach 300 temperature, can be referring to following Figure 20-22.In other example (not shown), can use the other glow plug to heat cylindrical wall 106. Glow plug 108A, 108B are disposed in the annular space 112, and limit is enclosed by wall 106 in the inboard in this space, and the outside is to enclose limit by the cylindrical wall 114 that separates. Glow plug 108A, 108B utilize the heat-conducting metal ring 110 of annular to give wallboard 518 with thermal energy transfer, and wherein, heat-conducting metal ring 110 is for example keeping good thermo-contact by press fit and wallboard.Formed adiabatic space 115 at ring body 110 and between, to reduce heat scattering and disappearing to the external world around housing.

Cylindrical wall 106,114 is landed on the base plate 116, and top board 118 seals the space.Central volume 104 is communicated with storage volume 120 by the circular hole on the top board 118, and is communicated with the vapor storage space 155 of horizontal plate 154 belows.Parts 106,114,116,118 and 154 are all made by heat-conducting metal, and this metal for example is an aluminium.Plate 116,118 cylindrical wall 106,114 and annular space 112 is sealed by butt hermetically.For example, can utilize silicone rubber O type circle or suitable packing ring to realize sealing.In a kind of example, cylindrical wall 106 be 1/8 inch thick, and the diameter of central volume 104 is 2 1/4 inches.Between a plate 118 and an other top board 121, formed storage volume 120.Top board 121 for example will be stored volume 120 sealings by silicone rubber O type circle or suitable packing ring.

Along with producing fuel fume in the volume 104, steam is filled volume 120.The liquid fuel that comes from fuel supply source 122 is pressed and delivered to sparger 102 from electric fuel pump through burning line 124.Under the warm-operation operating mode, in order to carry out the injection of liquid fuel, the pressure in the volume 104 will be lower than the pressure in the burning line 124, but will be higher than barometric pressure.In some instances, the pressure of liquid is between being higher than atmospheric about 60 to 100psi (being gauge pressure) in the burning line 124, and when spraying in the volume 104 pressure of steam between about 30 to 80psig, thereby when spraying, have very big pressure difference between two pressure.For example, the pressure of liquid is 88psig in the burning line 124, and vapor tension is 70psig in the volume 104.

Generally speaking, for with the supporting use of carburetor circuit, preferably, pressure in the chamber can be maintained at 65 and 75psig between, pressure in the fuel injection system is maintained between 40 to 50psig, and the pressure of liquid fuel is greater than the pressure in the chamber, preferably big at least 5psig, in some cases, pressure difference can be 10psig, 15psig or bigger.

Fuel fume flows to steam channel 125 from volume 120 through restrictor 160.Restrictor 160 has one or more diameters and is about 1/16 inch hole, with flowing of restriction steam, thus the pressure in the maintenance volume 120.Preferably, this restrictor has regulation structure.The effect that restrictor 160 is set is to limit flowing of steam, makes that the pressure in the pressure chamber 104,120 is kept, even under the situation of " closure " standard-sized sheet, guarantees the proper functioning of vaporizer 100 thus.Fuel fume flows to air inlet passage 130 from steam channel 125, and the shape of gas-entered passageway can be designed to Venturi tube passage (not shown) according to common form, and the outlet of air passageways is in the area of low pressure of Venturi tube passage.

Further, the flow that utilizes 132 pairs of fuel fumes of rotary valve to flow in the air/steam mixed area of air inlet passage 130 is controlled, and as shown in Figure 3A, rotary valve 132 is to be formed by the center rotating member that has chute 133.The air stream that enters into air inlet passage 130 is through air-strainer 134, and air draught is controlled by butterfly valve 136.138 pairs on another one dish valve comes from the mobile of air/steam mixture of air inlet chamber 130 and controls.As schematically showing among Fig. 3, utilize the axial motion of acceleration pull bar 140 and suitable linkage mechanism, make butterfly valve and rotary valve realize rotatablely moving.In this linkage mechanism, be provided with controlling device.

The air/steam mixture of discharging from air inlet passage 130 enters into the intake manifold of motor 152 through passage 150.

In motor 152 starting process, vaporizer 100 is generally cold conditions, thereby, in volume 104 without any the hot fuel fume that is pre-existing in.In starting process, the plate 154 that is used as striking plate is by rapid heating, so that the liquid spray that comes from sparger 102 is evaporated.Its principle is based on above with reference to the described technology of vaporization chamber 50 (see figure 2)s.Plate 154 is the light metals of heat conduction and thermal mass, and this metal is preferably aluminium.In a kind of example, the thickness of plate 154 is/16 inches, and has 1/32 inch through hole.In another kind of example, the thickness of plate 154 is 1/8 inch.Described hole makes steam or fuel can pass plate 154.The volume 155 of plate 154 belows has increased the capacity of system's storage steam.Extended upward by the glow plug 156 of the engine electrically system power supply bottom from chamber, it passes space 155 and plate 154 is heated.The length of being heated on close its top is as the heating surface in the space 155 on the glow plug main body, and the length of being heated that is heated by glow plug provides heat to this zone.During cold starting, glow plug 156 controlled circuit are connected, and then are closed.In other example, heat plate 154 with other one or more glow plugs, evaporate with the liquid of impact, perhaps other form surface that is used for evaporated fuel is heated.

In order to detect the vaporization chamber temperature inside, in this example, utilize thermocouple 158 to measure the temperature of plate 154.In operation process, glow plug 156 is turned off, and the utilization of controller (not shown) comes from the feedback signal of thermocouple 158 to be controlled glow plug 108A, 108B, so that the temperature in the volume 104 is remained in the specific scope of design.Controller can adopt ratio, differential and integral linearity control law to keep temperature in the volume 104.Also can adopt other known temperature control system.

Referring to Fig. 4, evaporating system 200 comprises vaporizer shown in Figure 3 100.Liquid fuel supply source 122 comprises fuel tank 202, electric fuel pump 204, fuel filter 206 and fuel pressure regulator 208.The liquid fuel that comes from fuel tank 202 is carried out the pressure pumpings by petrolift 204, and it is flowed through fuel filter 206 and fuel pressure regulator 208 and arrives sparger 102 places.Evaporating system 200 also comprises pulse oscillator 210, and it can produce pulse, so that sparger opens or cuts out.212 pairs of frequency and width by the pulse of pulse oscillator generation of computer are controlled.The frequency of pulse is relevant with the power demand that proposes to motor 152 with width.In operation process, computer 212 is also from thermocouple 158 receiving feedback informations, according to the control law of suitably setting exciting of glow plug 108A, 108B controlled.Motor 152 comprises intake manifold 214, and it carries the air/fuel steam mixture to cylinder 216A, 216B, 216C and 216D.In other example, motor 152 can have the cylinder of different numbers and other structure certainly.

Referring to Fig. 5, vaporizer 300 has many features of vaporizer 100, and vaporizer 100 has the heat conduction plate 154 that traversed by cylindrical wall 106 central axis ground extend.Vaporizer 300 also comprises vapor storage volume 302.Vapor storage volume 302 links to each other with volume 120 by an open passage (not shown).During the cold starting operating mode, vaporizer 300 is according to working with vaporizer 100 similar modes, and it utilizes glow plug 156 to heat plate 154.In the warm-operation process, vaporizer 300 utilizes glow plug 108A, 108B to heat, during this period according to working with vaporizer 100 similar modes, plate 154 can be carried out heating, the fuel fume that circulates and the injected fuel spray that sprays into is evaporated is heated helping.Fuel after the evaporation flows to vapor storage volume 302 from volume 120.In order to satisfy motor to Fuel Demand, vapor storage volume 302 provides other fuel fume.Vaporizer 300 also comprises restrictor 306, steam channel 308 and rotary valve 310.This restrictor and restrictor 160 are similar, and have one or more 1/16 inch holes, with flowing of restriction steam, thus the pressure of steam in the maintenance volume 302.Along with steam has been filled vapor storage volume 302, will flow through restrictor 306 and filled steam channel 308 of steam.When rotary valve 310 was opened, steam was released in the gas-entered passageway 130.Rotary valve 310 keeps mechanical coupling with rotary valve 132, thereby two valves 132,310 will be opened identical amount in response to the action of quickening pull bar 140 (above in conjunction with Fig. 3 it being described).

Referring to Fig. 6, except glow plug 108A, 108B are through different heat transfer routes heats volume 104, vaporizer 400 is similar with vaporizer chamber 100 (see figure 3)s.For vaporization chamber 400, glow plug 108A, 108B are pressed onto in the hole on the cylindrical wall 114.The annular volume 402 that tightly and is permanently sealed is around cylindrical wall 112.Comprise a certain amount of heat-conducting metal 404 in the volume 402, under operating conditions, this metal is liquid.These metals are round the base plate of the volume 402 form continuous distributed with annular.Itself and corresponding cylindrical wall 112 external lateral portion maintenance thermo-contact.In some instances, metal 404 can be heated to about 300 °F.In some instances, heat-conducting metal 404 is a sodium.Heat passes to heat-conducting metal wall 114 from glow plug 108A, 108B, and then passes to heat-conducting metal 404 and heat conducting wall 112.It should be noted that: metal is constant from the solid-state temperature that becomes liquid state or oppositely change, thereby formed cooling effect, kept evenly-in the working procedure of motor, imported heat and glow plug to work circularly and close at discrete location point place although this effect can make around the temperature of chamber.In a comparable manner, can liquid heat transfer medium be set according to heat pipe principle.Be under the temperature required condition at vaporific heating surface, and under the situation in heat transfer unit is in the design pressure scope, this liquid state undergoes phase transition and becomes vaporized fuel, and it has been full of the heat transfer volume, and the wallboard that has constituted fuel fume generation heating surface is heated.

Referring to Fig. 7, a kind of example of pulse oscillator 210 shown in Figure 4 has used time chip 450, and this chip can be buied from the Fairchild semiconductor company that is positioned at South Portland place, the Maine State, its model LM555.In a kind of example, pulse oscillator 210 has used two variable resistor VR1, VR2, with the pulse frequency and the width of decision impulse controller 210.Referring to Fig. 7 A, the pulse width of pulse sequence 452 is 454, and the time between the pulse is 456.The resistance that changes VR1 can change the width 454 of pulse, and the resistance of change VR2 then can change the time 456 between the pulse.Pulse oscillator 210 suitable designs can make pulse width 454 between 0 to 8 second, and the time between the pulse 456 can be in 0 to 60 second scope.In order to verify, can utilize simple hand knob, manually control variable resistor VR1, VR2.In production system, can utilize computer to come clamp-pulse generator 210, this calculating function responds to the operational situation of power demand and selected specific engines.

Referring to Fig. 8, vaporizer 500 has used many and vaporizer 100 similar elements, is used for to fuel injection-type engines 540 transfer the fuel steams, rather than carries steam to the motor of common use Carburetor.The engine system of fuel injection type comprises electrical system, and this electrical system can provide electric energy when starting and in the operation process.Vaporizer 500 comprises sparger 502, its with liquid fuel through one or one group of aperture pressurized jet in volume 504.In a kind of example, liquid fuel injector 502 has single eyelet, and its diameter is about 0.001 inch.Sparger 502 is automatically controlled, thereby electrical signal " 0N " can be opened sparger, and electrical signal " OFF " is then closed sparger.The spraying of sending from sparger 502 has formed the taper round axis.Under the warm-operation operating mode, the disorderly fuel fume that circulates is being held in evaporation in the volume 504, and it is by the heat heating of cylindrical wall 518.Similar with process shown in Figure 1, strong and disorderly mixing takes place by making liquid spray with fuel fume that circulate, after the heating in vaporizer 500, and liquid fuel is evaporated, wherein, the steam that circulates formerly flows through on cylindrical wall 518, and has received extra heat from it.Under the warm-operation operating mode, the temperature in the volume 504 is retained as evaporating temperature.

Round the fuel fume spraying from sparger 502 ejections, this cylindrical wall is heated by the heat transmission by glow plug 510A and 510B cylindrical wall 518 axisymmetrically.Glow plug 510A and 510B are that the electrical system by engine system provides energy.The glow plug that is used for this occasion is made by Bosch company, and can buy from Mercedes-Benz (U.S.) company in the LLC place that is positioned at New Jersey Montvale, its Part No. is 001.159.2101, and can understand this glow plug referring to Figure 20-22.In other example (not shown), can use the other glow plug to heat cylindrical wall 518.Glow plug 510A, 510B are disposed in the annular space 514, and extend round volume 504 in this space, and transmit energy by the heat-conducting metal ring 516 of annular to cylindrical wall 518, and wherein, metal ring 516 carries out press fit around member 518.Cylindrical wall 512 is around annular space 514.Cylindrical wall 518,512 is landed on the base plate 520, and top board 522 seals the space.Seal ring between plate 520,522 and the cylindrical wall member 512,518 makes that the pressure in the volume 504 is kept.The diameter of volume 504 is 2 and 1/4 inches.Parts 518,512,520 and 522 are all made by heat-conducting metal, and this metal is preferably aluminium.In a kind of example, cylindrical wall 518 be 1/8 inch thick.

Liquid fuel supply source 506 is pressed and delivered to sparger 502 from electric fuel pump through burning line 508 with liquid fuel.The pressure P of liquid fuel is higher than barometric pressure in the burning line 508.Under the warm-operation operating mode, the pressure P in the volume 504 also will be higher than barometric pressure, but is lower than the pressure in the burning line 508.In some instances, the pressure of liquid is being higher than between the barometric pressure about 60 to 100psi (being psig) in the burning line 508, and in the volume 504 pressure of steam between about 40 to 50psig.

In the starting process of motor 540, vaporizer 500 is generally cold conditions, thereby, in volume 504 without any the hot fuel fume that is pre-existing in.In this starting process, heated impact plate 526 is used to evaporate the liquid spray from sparger 502 ejections.This operation is according to carrying out above with reference to the described technology of vaporization chamber 50 (see figure 2)s.In a kind of example, the thickness of plate 526 is 1/16 inch, and has 1/32 inch through hole, the volume 528 of this plate below becomes other vapor storage volume, this volume both had been used to the operating mode that turns round, and also was used for the cold starting operating mode, and hole makes steam carry out two-way flow through plate 526.Plate 526 is heat-conducting metals, preferably aluminium.Glow plug 524A, 524B impact plate 526 heat.Glow plug 524A, 524B provide electric energy by the electrical system of motor.In illustrated structure, by the controller (not shown) glow plug 524A, 524B are connected during cold starting, and then they are turn-offed.Under the running operating mode, thermocouple 530 is measured the temperature of striking plate 526, so that system is carried out heat control.The feedback signal that controller utilizes thermocouple 530 to send is controlled glow plug 524A, 524B, to keep the specified temp in the volume 504.Controller can adopt ratio, differential and integral linearity control law to keep temperature in the volume 504.As mentioned above, in some instances, controller remains evaporating temperature with the temperature of volume 504.

Along with producing fuel fume in the evaporation volume 504, steam will have been filled passage 532 and steam manifold 536.The steam restrictor (not shown) of may having flowed through, this restrictor for example is a restrictor 160 shown in Figure 3. Vapour injection valve 538A, 538B, 538C and 538D are ejected in each cylinder (not shown) of motor 540 through each 1/16 inch hole vapor fueled with the timing rule under the control of computer.Motor 540 is also from the air manifold admission of air.As can be seen from Figure 9, fuel fume can be directly injected in the cylinder by the vapour injection valve, perhaps can next-door neighbour each cylinder intake valve upstream position with vapour injection in each bar air flue.

Referring to Fig. 8 A, vaporizer 544 is except having above with reference to the described conductive structure of Fig. 6, and itself and vaporizer 500 are similar. Glow plug 510A, 510B are press fit in the cylindrical wall 512, and the heat that glow plug 510A, 510B produce is passed to volume 504 by heat-conducting metal 546.Comprise a certain amount of heat-conducting metal 546 in the volume 514, under operating conditions, this metal can be liquid.In some instances, metal 546 can be heated to about 300 °F.In some examples therein, heat-conducting metal 546 is a sodium.Heat passes to heat-conducting metal wall 518 from glow plug 510A, 510B, and then passes to heat-conducting metal 546 and heat conducting wall 518.

Referring to Fig. 8 B, this vaporizer and vaporizer shown in Figure 8 are similar, and have additional features.In the pressure chamber, be provided with two blocks of horizontal plates of separating.Striking plate 526A (shown in Fig. 8 C) is arranged to directly run into the liquid spray that sprays from ejector system downwards.The center region of this plate is not have hole, to increase the area that the liquid particles in the spraying is tackled and heated.Be provided with the one group of passage 517A that penetrates plate at ring week place, steam can flow downward through these passages, thereby can be with vapor storage in the zone of below, and steam can upwards flow from storage space, thereby leads to motor.Auxiliary plate 526B is positioned at the below of plate 526A, but separates with it.Have a lot of perforation on the auxiliary plate.Because this plate is facing to end and the heated plate 526A of glow plug 524A ' and 524B ', thus its radiation-curable heating, simultaneously also by convection heating.The effect of plate is: the steam of heat is remained in the storage volume of plate 526A below.If vaporizer is oriented to such as shown in the figure plumbness, any excessive liquid that then arrives plate 526A exterior lateral area can both arrive plate 526B through passage 527A under action of gravity, and on this plate, these liquid are evaporated.Arrive the bottom of vaporizer if some liquid passes plate 526B, then can utilize set pressurize earial drainage device (not shown) that they are discharged.In a kind of example, plate 526A has two diametrically opposed holes, and their diameter for example is 0.235 inch, so that hold glow plug, and the diameter that encircles all hole 527A can be 0.076 inch.The diameter that base plate 526B goes up hole is 0.085 inch.

Also expressed a kind of control system among Fig. 8 B, utilized this system to monitor the temperature of select location point on the pressure of the temperature of plate 526A, the 540A of pressure chamber, the annular heat conduction ring 516.Can adopt other thermocouple (not shown), these thermocouples for example are thermocouple 158 and 530.Computer 562 is controlled the energy supply situation of two groups of glow plugs 510 and 524 battery in the engine system based on the numerical value that detects gained.Computer can be to aim at this computer that is provided with based on the fuel system of evaporating principle, also can be general engine management computers.

Referring to Fig. 9, evaporating system 550 comprises vaporizer shown in Figure 8 500 and other parts.Liquid fuel supply source 506 comprises fuel tank 552, electric fuel pump 554, fuel filter 556 and fuel pressure regulator 558.The liquid fuel that comes from fuel tank 552 is carried out the pressure pumpings by petrolift 554, and it is flowed through fuel filter 556 and fuel pressure regulator 558 and arrives sparger 502 places.Evaporating system 550 also comprises pulse oscillator 560, and it can produce pulse, so that liquid ejector 502 is opened or closed.562 pairs of frequency and width by the pulse of pulse oscillator 560 generations of computer are controlled.The frequency of pulse is relevant with the power demand that proposes to motor 540 with width.Computer 562 is controlled exciting of glow plug 510A, 510B with the control law that basis is suitably set, thereby the temperature in the volume 504 is remained on the required temperature also from thermocouple 530 receiving feedback informations.Motor 540 comprises intake manifold 542, and it carries air to cylinder 564A, 564B, 564C and 564D, and comprises suitable ejecting system, and it is used for above in conjunction with Fig. 8 this ejecting system being introduced to each cylinder transfer the fuel steam.In other example, motor 540 can have the cylinder of different numbers and other structure certainly.

Referring to Fig. 9 A, engine system has feature and some other feature among Fig. 9.The cold starting liquid injection system links to each other with the air inlet and the manifold system 542 of motor, and this ejecting system is by burning line 562 fuel supplying of drawing from petrolift 554.The structure of cold starting sparger and position are designed to spray injection with liquid fuel in combustion-supporting air, to utilize starting and the running of motor under cold machine condition.Just play a role in the time of can being designed to only reach pressure, perhaps also can be designed under specific power demand situation, just fuel vapor system be assisted in steam generation system.In illustrated system, the liquid fuel spray injection that cold starting liquid fuel injector 560 is configured to atomize is in central gas stream, and formed air-fuel mixture is divided into several parts by air manifold, to serve all cylinders.In the other mode of execution, can be some cylinder and each single cylinder use liquid fuel injector separately.

Engine management computers has the input quantity that obtains from important monitoring position, and then output data, based on these data, can be the selected in real time optimal working condition of the group shot of being made up of fuel vaporizer and cold starting liquid fuel injector.Except those for being the input quantity of convention amount by computer-controlled motor, input quantity also comprises the temperature of impacting plate 526 and motive heat distribution system in the temperature and pressure of temperature and pressure, steam distribution rail of the temperature and pressure of vaporizer 504, main steam supply pipeline and the outer heating chamber of vaporizer.For example, the pressure input quantity obtains from monitoring unit 564 and 565, two monitoring units lay respectively on vaporizer and the fuel fume rail, and can from monitoring impact plate 526 temperature temperature data line 567, monitoring vaporizer thermal distribution ring 516 temperature datawire 566 and 568 and the temperature monitor that is positioned at the fuel fume rail obtain the temperature input quantity.

In Fig. 9 B and Fig. 9 C, schematically shown a kind of system at bent-eight among the figure, this system and the system class above just described are seemingly.To two groups of injected fuel spray vapor steam blasters (each four) transfer the fuel, cold starting sparger 560 then is disposed in central authorities respectively for two fuel common rail 536A and 536B, with the liquid fuel spray injection in the air in suction tude 542 downstreams.This view has also been expressed pressure controlled valve 22A, and it is used for the pressure of vapor pipe line is controlled, and has expressed idle air control valve, and it is controlled by engine management computers.

The effect of fuel fume sparger 531 is: utilize by computer-controlled electronic pulse signal, accurately measure the fuel fume of carrying to each cylinder according to instruction.Impulsive phase carries out timing for the expansion stroke of motor, and the endurance of this pulse is suitable for sending into the steam of required volume.When not switching on, valve is closed, thereby has stoped steam to flow improperly and backflow.At present, preferably in this occasion, use axial needle type injector.As known in the art, needle-valve is accurately machined conical part, and it is normally made with stainless steel, and these parts are landed on the conical valve seat of pairing under normal conditions, and has only when it and just to allow fluid to pass through when valve seat lifts.The size of the size of valve seat and needle-valve and downstream nozzle and outlet has determined the size and the pattern of jet flow.

Fig. 9 D schematically shown a kind of by solenoid operation, based on the fuel fume sparger 538 of needle-valve principle '.Needle valve assembly 702 is designed to: when moving, for the expansion stroke of coupled cylinder is carried certain fuel fume charge at every turn.The basic structure of this assembly and the similar of liquid fuel injector, difference is that the passage of this assembly is obviously very big, to allow the bigger fluid of volume to pass through, the reason that volume is bigger is to need bigger volume for reaching certain steam charge under the situation of same weight.Joystick shaft 704 is from a movable armature 706 of needle valve member extension to a kind of material, and material wherein is selected to and can produces magnetic mutual inductance effects with electromagnetic coil 708.When switching under the control of coil at computer, armature overcomes the resistance of Returnning spring 710 and is elevated to illustrated position under magnetic force.When electromagnetic coil 708 was not switched on, its magnetic field disappeared, spring with needle valve member reset to its closely butt the closed position of valve seat.Steam channel extends along the whole length of movable armature, so that fuel fume can freely flow to the needle-valve port that is positioned at the vapor steam blaster bottom from vapor fueled rail 536 altogether through injector assembly.In the specified structure shown in this figure, runner passes the center of helical spring 710 hollows that reset, and enter into the central passage 706 of armature, outflow side outlet from armature passes then, and extend along the outside of joystick shaft, outwards flow through guide then and pass from the central valve passage of opening 711.In a kind of example, the discharge route of vapor steam blaster needle-valve is 0.032 inch (for example can compare at 0.004 to 0.008 inch liquid ejector with diameter).In some instances, a plurality of steam tap holes can be set on the discharge side of vapor steam blaster needle valve member, so that steam flow disperses.The material of vapor fueled sparger and structural design are chosen to be the temperature that ability is subjected to heat steam, and have long operating life.

In Fig. 9 E, schematically shown cold starting liquid spray sparger.This sparger has electromagnetic coil and needle valve structure, and this sparger and vapor steam blaster are similar, but the diameter of its liquid outlet passage is 0.004 inch, and other diameter of walking passage also responsively reduces in the device.

Represented fuel common rail 536 in Fig. 9 F, its size is designed to can be to one group of fuel fume sparger 538 ' provide fuel fume.

Fig. 9 G-1 has schematically shown the cylinder that the four-stroke gasoline engine of fuel is provided with the burner oil steam to 9G-4.In the transition point of suction stroke, fuel fume is ejected into cylinder intermittently used intake valve place by the timing rule according to IO Intake Valve Opens.In this stroke, fuel and combustion-supporting air enter into cylinder, are conventional compression, acting and exhaust stroke afterwards.There is very big difference with respect to common motor in this motor at aspect of performance.Compression stroke finally the time, all in fact fuel all exists with the form of steam, in contrast, in common petrol engine, in this stage, still has a large amount of drops.In expansion stroke, be optimized with respect to crank angle igniting opportunity of spark plug so that make burning can be more directly, more thorough, thereby for the fuel of given weight, can send bigger available power than common petrol engine.In addition, can avoid in the expansion stroke process, liquid fuel being held in the slit of staying motor.In exhaust stroke, do not have the hydrocarbon and the particle of not combustion in the discharging gas basically, simultaneously, the level of other effulent also is an acceptable and improved.

Above-mentioned principle can with the supporting use of the internal-combustion engine of various design forms.Another example is a two-stroke gasoline engine.Although two stroke engine more has superiority than four stroke engine, there is the not good defective of combustion performance aspect power/weight ratio.Can recognize: principle of the present invention can be used to improve the burning of two-stroke gasoline engine.Fuel fume can be blended into the center of combustion-supporting air to be directed in the two stroke engine, perhaps can be injected into the suction port place of each cylinder basically in a manner mentioned above.Under other situation, can adopt gasoline vapour is directly injected to scheme in each cylinder, for example be closed but compression stroke is still imperfect tense carried out and sprayed at the relief opening of two stroke engine cylinder.The another kind of motor that can adopt the fuel vaporization principle is rotor motor (a for example Wankel motor), and in this class motor, the moving member of combustion zone is to rotate, but not to-and-fro motion.

Described principle also can be used for diesel engine.Referring to Figure 10, vaporizer 600 is carried diesel fuel vapor to diesel engine 640.Diesel engine 640 links to each other with the electrical system that electric power can be provided.Vaporizer 600 comprises sparger 602, its with liquid diesel fuel through one or one group of aperture pressurized jet in volume 604.In a kind of example, liquid fuel injector 602 has single diameter and is about 0.001 inch eyelet.Sparger 602 is electronically controlled, thereby electrical signal " ON " will be opened sparger, and electrical signal " OFF " then turn-offs sparger.Formed spray cone from the spraying of sparger 602 ejection round axis.In the warm-operation process, holding the fuel fume that circulates in the evaporation volume 604, the heat heating that these steams are spread out of from cylinder surrounding wall 618.Similar with process shown in Figure 1, the violent mixing by taking place with fuel fume that circulate and heated and the liquid diesel injected fuel spray that comes from sparger 602 being evaporated in vaporizer 600, wherein, heated fuel fume has formerly flow through wall 618 and has received extra heat.Under the warm-operation operating mode, the temperature in the volume 604 is maintained on the evaporating temperature.

The pressurized air of limiting the quantity of is incorporated into the volume 616 through pressure valve 628 from the air air pump, so be incorporated in the volume 604, air pump wherein for example is small-sized positive displacement air pump.These air spread out, in case and diesel oil be injected into volume 604, just participate in shuttling movement and the mixed function, perhaps, these air can play the function of vector gas, so that compressed fluid is passed to motor.

The same with previously described example, cylindrical wall 618 is heated by the heat transmission by glow plug 606A and 606B.Glow plug 606A, 606B are by the electrical system power supply of diesel engine.The glow plug that can be used for this purpose is made by Bosch company, and can buy from Mercedes-Benz (U.S.) company in the LLC place that is positioned at New Jersey Montvale, and its Part No. is 001.159.2101, also can be with reference to Figure 20-22 hereinafter.In other example (not shown), can use the other glow plug to heat cylindrical wall 612.Glow plug 606A, 606B are disposed in the annular space 608 of space 604 extensions.Glow plug 606A, 606B utilize the heat-conducting metal ring 610 of annular to give wallboard 618 with thermal energy transfer, and wherein, heat-conducting metal ring 610 carries out press fit around cylindrical wall member 612.Cylindrical wall 618 is around annular space 608.Cylindrical wall 612,618 is landed on the base plate 614, and top board 617 seals the space.And top board 522 seals the space.Seal ring between plate 614,617 and the cylindrical wall 612,618 makes that the pressure in the volume 604 is kept.Parts 612,614,617 and 618 are all made by heat-conducting metal, and this metal for example is aluminium or suitable refractory alloy.In a kind of example, cylindrical wall 612 be 1/8 inch thick.The diameter of volume 604 is 2 and 1/4 inches.

Liquid diesel fuel supply source 606 is pressed and delivered to sparger 602 with liquid fuel through burning line 608.The pressure of liquid diesel fuel is higher than barometric pressure in the burning line 608, and under the warm-operation operating mode, the pressure in the volume 604 also will be higher than barometric pressure, but is lower than the pressure in the burning line 608.In some instances, the pressure of diesel oil liquid is being higher than between about 60 to 100psi (being psig) of barometric pressure in the burning line 608, and there is pressure reduction in the pressure of diesel vapor between above-mentioned two pressure in the volume 604 between about 40 to 50psig.

In the starting process of motor 640, vaporizer 600 is generally cold conditions, thereby, in volume 604 without any the hot fuel fume that is pre-existing in.In this starting process, heated impact plate 620 is used to evaporate the liquid spray from sparger 602 ejections.This operation is according to carrying out above with reference to the described technology of vaporization chamber 50 (see figure 2)s.In a kind of example, the thickness of striking plate 620 is 1/16 inch, and has 1/32 inch through hole, and this striking plate below has formed storage volume 616.Hole makes diesel vapor carry out the front and back two-way flow through plate 620.Plate 620 is heat-conducting metals, preferably aluminium or suitable refractory alloy.Glow plug 622A, 622B impact plate 620 heat.Glow plug 622A, 622B provide electric energy by the electrical system of diesel engine.Glow plug 622A, 622B are switched on during cold starting, and then are turn-offed by them.Thermocouple 624 is measured the temperature of striking plate 620.The feedback signal that the controller (not shown) utilizes thermocouple 621 to send is controlled glow plug 606A, 606B, to keep the specified temp in the volume 604.Controller can adopt ratio, differential and integral linearity control law to keep temperature in the volume 604.

Along with producing diesel fuel vapor in the volume 604, diesel fuel vapor will be filled and flow through passage 632 and be entered into steam manifold 636.Vapor fueled valve 638A, 638B, 638C and 638D enter into motor 640 the mobile of each cylinder (not shown) to diesel vapor fuel and regulate.Motor 640 is also from air manifold 642 admission of airs.Such system can be used to just finish the part of fuel charge to cylinder, and the technology that need depend on other is finished the charge process.Hereinafter will be described these technology.

Referring to Figure 10 A, vaporizer 650 is except having above with reference to the described conductive structure of Fig. 6, and itself and vaporizer 600 are similar. Glow plug 606A, 606B are press fit in the cylindrical wall 618, and the heat that glow plug 606A, 606B produce is passed to volume 604 by heat-conducting metal 652.Comprise a certain amount of heat-conducting metal 652 in the volume 608, under operating conditions, this metal can be liquid.In some instances, metal 652 can be heated to about 300 °F.In some examples therein, heat-conducting metal 652 is a sodium.Heat passes to heat-conducting metal wall 618 from glow plug 606A, 606B, and then passes to heat-conducting metal 652 and heat conducting wall 612.

Described principle is equally applicable to be dispersedly the situation of engine evaporative fuel.A kind of important situation is the set vaporizer of single cylinder that aims at reciprocating engine.Vapor steam blaster can directly link to each other with such vaporizer.In the mode of execution shown in Figure 11 and the 11A, method by will clashing into contact heating and the mixed method in the free space combine and produce steam, and wherein, mixed function is based on and is produced by intermediate heater that heat realizes.In these examples shown in the drawings, glow plug 702 is positioned at the central authorities of cup-shaped heat conduction member 700 bottoms.As shown in the figure, glow plug has towards the hot junction of top, and it is exposed in the liquid spray and contact with it.Cup-shape member 700 is made up of the heat conduction diapire 704 of horizontal expansion and the outside heat conduction sidewall 706 erect, the relation of diapire wherein and center glow plug is to receive heat from it, sidewall then keeps hot continuity with diapire, thereby also receives heat from glow plug 702.The top of cup shell is sealed by overhead structure 701, thereby has formed a pressure chamber, and this pressure chamber is designed to surpass barometric pressure P basically ₁Pressure work.The internal surface of cup shell is that fluid has formed a heating surface.Liquid spray sparger 710 is arranged in overhead structure.This member is towards the below, and points to glow plug, and the zone of close sparger contacts on the major component that the structure of sparger and position are designed such that spraying and glow plug and the heating surface.The same with above-mentioned mode of execution, be provided with steam discharge route 714.Passage and relevant control of export system 716 have been schematically shown among the figure.These members have the effect that keeps superatmospheric pressure in the vaporization chamber.As shown in the figure, the shape of diapire member 704 exposed surfaces is designed to the shape in anchor ring cross section, so that the fluid stream that enters is guided, makes it become the anchor ring hybrid motion.In radial cross section, the bottom surface of cup shell from the exposed surface of cylindrical glow plug agley outwards, extend downwards, and is outside again bending horizontal plane after, extend upward, thereby is fused to the outer wall 706 of cup shell.Match with spraying that move downward, axisymmetric in this surface, the steam channeling conduct with to being subjected to the liquid spray in the thermal process and being produced makes them become circular flow, and this will help to utilize mixing and carry out heat exchange.Fluid stream inwardly turns to and runs into the atomizing particle that newly sprays into liquid spray when arriving its summit that circulates, and mixes with it.This helps the liquid particles that sprays into is evaporated.Pressure in the vaporization chamber is high more, and the vaporific density of institute is big more, and is strong more by mixing the heat transmission that is realized, thereby the size of vaporizer is more little.Can recognize: for single cylinder or a few adjacent cylinder, such structure can be made enough compactnesses.When manufacturing, the bottom of glow plug and cup-shape member-or come down to whole vaporization chamber and can be manufactured into a unit, and joint is not set on internal surface.For example, heat conduction, heat-resisting metal cast to form continuous lower surface, and form depression in the central authorities of its downside, resistive heater is sealed in this depression, heating element for example is the heater element that is used in the glow plug, and the middle body of cup-shape member in fact just becomes glow plug.In some embodiments, the unit can be designed to high-pressure bottle, working pressure is brought up to hundreds of Psi or higher, needs to consider the selection of vaporization chamber wallboard material under this condition, and material should be able to bear the pairing high temperature of evaporation process.In some cases, the material of at least a portion vaporization chamber can be a pottery.The part of ceramic component self just can form the resistance heating element of vaporizer, generally can constitute resistance heating element according to the form of existing some glow plug product.

Special-purpose evaporator designs form can combine with needle-valve, with the permission atomizing of liquids, thereby evaporates, and is used for the mobile of pressurized fuel steam that is produced controlled.

In the mode of execution shown in Figure 12 and Figure 12 A, the work of liquid supply needle-valve 720 is by 724 operations of suitable control piece, and needle-valve is landed on the valve seat on the vaporization chamber wallboard, and move linearly, with open channel alternately, thereby allow liquid spray to enter into chamber, and chamber can be sealed.Be provided with one group of side vapor outlet port 714A on the wallboard 706A of vaporization chamber, they are used for the one or more cylinders of fuel fume guiding to motor.

In the mode of execution shown in Figure 13 and Figure 13 A, around cylindrical wall 730 and the fluid channeling conducts of flowing out of 731 pairs of diapires from outlet 714A, it is flowed downward, and then inwardly flow and merge into sub-thread stream, by flow of vapor control valve (being expressed as steam needle-valve 736 among the figure) sub-thread stream is controlled.

In vaporizer A shown in Figure 14, be provided with electromagnetic coil assembly 726, with actuating needle-valve 720, thereby spray liquid spray from the outlet nozzle of needle-valve.Armature 732 is arranged to become driving relationship with needle valve member.According to the principle of above introducing, the parts of this electromagnetic coil assembly have been set to form continuous liquid flow path, and this stream leads to needle-valve 720 and jet nozzles 739, principle as the aforementioned from the pressured fluid burning line.

When the feeding electric current activates in around electromagnetic coil 728, the magnetic field that coil produced will overcome the resistance of Returnning spring 734, needle valve member will be pulled upwardly, away from valve seat.So just can form fuel stream, it is from flow through needle-valve and be ejected into the vaporization chamber and form liquid spray from nozzle 739 of pressured fluid supply line.After the electric current that has cut off coil, Returnning spring 734 resets to needle valve member the operating position that is landed on the valve seat.

In addition, at the vapor outlet port place, vaporizer shown in Figure 14 comprises that it comprises Returnning spring 738 by spring-loaded steam control needle-valve 736A.When the pressure of fuel fume in the vaporization chamber surpassed the resistance of spring, this control needle-valve allowed the steam flow mistake, and when being lower than this degree when vapor tension decline, needle-valve is closed.

In mode of execution shown in Figure 15, the size of vaporizer and position are designed to the single cylinder transfer the fuel to motor.In the illustrated case, before each expansion stroke of cylinder, the timing system of motor triggers electromagnetic coil 728, thereby finishes the charge of fuel fume.According to the type and the demand of motor, select and manage flow and the duration and the degree of heat of timing rule, liquid spray pulse by computer.The pressure that reached by heat steam can be used to provide and make the power of steam flow to fuel injection point.

Vaporizer B shown in Figure 16 is designed to self just can be as by computer-controlled vapor steam blaster.Identical with the situation of vaporizer A, in vaporizer B, be provided with electromagnetic coil assembly 726, so that hydrodynamic spray body needle-valve 720, thereby allow flowing of liquid, and can in vaporization chamber, produce liquid spray.Armature 732 is arranged to become driving relationship with needle valve member.When feeding electric current when triggering in around electromagnetic coil 728, coil acts on the resistance that magnetic force on the armature will overcome Returnning spring 734, needle valve member 720 is pulled upwardly, away from valve seat.So just can form liquid fuel flow F, it is from the pressured fluid supply line liquid spray sparger of flowing through, thereby forms the spraying of being made up of the liquid particles of atomizing.After the electric current that has cut off coil, Returnning spring 734 resets to needle valve member the operating position that is landed on the valve seat.In addition, in vaporizer B shown in Figure 16, discharge on the needle-valve 736B and also be provided with electromagnetic coil assembly 726A, be used to activate steam and discharge needle-valve, to allow the steam flow direction engine.In the case, the active force that its closing force that provides surpasses the pressure steam that is held is provided the size of Returnning spring 734A.When the feeding electric current triggered in around electromagnetic coil 728A, it overcame the resistance of Returnning spring and needle valve member is pulled down, away from valve seat.So just formed the fuel fume of discharging from the pressure evaporating chamber.After to coil 728A outage, needle valve member resets to the operating position on the valve seat under spring 734A effect.According to above-mentioned principle, the parts of this injector assembly are designed to the steam stream that provides continuous, and this stream extends steam point of delivery to the unit by means of suitable passage from needle-valve, and passage wherein passes or through each working component of needle-valve action component.

The size of vaporizer B shown in Figure 16 and position are designed to the single cylinder transfer the fuel to motor.In the time of in being used in basic structure shown in Figure 15, the timing system of motor will synchronously drive two electromagnetic coils with motor.The liquid electromagnetic coil is excited, so that liquid fuel spraying charge to be provided to cylinder.According to the type and the demand of motor, select and manage the flow of timing rule, liquid spray pulse and duration and liquid fuel jet and steam electromagnetic coil by computer and be excited at interval with the heating between motor dispatch steam.The pressure that reached by heat steam can be used to provide and make the power of steam flow to fuel injection point.Vaporization chamber can be designed to high-temperature operation.In one case, vaporization chamber is made by Inconel 617 and other high temperature stainless steel.

The difference of mode of execution shown in Figure 17 and mode of execution shown in Figure 15 is: the structure of fuel fume sparger B and position are provided in the suitable moment directly to the combustion zone of cylinder dispatch steam.For example, its can be in the cylinder of specific two-stroke gasoline engine mentioned above the dispatch steam.If be designed to be suitable for high pressure, then diesel vapor can be directly injected in the combustion space of diesel engine-promptly be ejected in the cylinder of diesel engine and the precombustion chamber of cylinder in, this depends on the structural design of diesel engine.Can set up important pressure at interval from finishing the heating that injecting LPG in liquefied condition is sprayed between being displaced into steam the motor in vaporization chamber, so that make flow of vapor.In addition, consistent steam scavenging piston of working with engine timing can be set, it is for example by linear electric motor, so that vaporization chamber is carried out scavenging, thus force steam flow to enter into the pressurized air of combustion zone through the vapour injection valve.

In a kind of example, suck in the stroke of air even the moment more early at motor, liquid spray just begins to enter into vaporization chamber.In a kind of diesel engine, be exactly the moment of vapour injection soon after diesel engine begins expansion stroke.

Figure 18 has schematically shown the supporting use fuel dispensing system of fuel fume injector type a kind of and shown in Figure 16.The highly pressurised liquid diesel common rail is by suitable pump transfer the fuel.Rail is to the one group of vaporizer/vapor steam blaster that belongs to type shown in Figure 16 (each corresponding cylinder) transfer the fuel altogether.Engine management computers is determined the startup moment of liquid diesel solenoid supply valve, thereby has determined the startup moment of vapour injection solenoid valve, thus each expansion stroke is carried out the steam charge.

In actual applications, can be the occasion of using diesel oil and design other structure, can adopt one and a plurality of diesel injection structures mentioned above.For example, the diesel vapor sparger of the above-mentioned type only can be designed to cylinder of diesel engine spout part fuel charge, and the required remaining fuel demand of expansion stroke is then provided by the liquid diesel fuel injector.In the case, can carry out according to the time of aspirating stroke, and steam can be directly injected in the combustion zone of cylinder of diesel engine and in the suction port the injection of diesel fuel vapor.If work in this manner, then it is important: part charge that should the fuel limitation steam, make it be no more than critical value, in compression stroke, this critical value will be brought the danger of pre-compression ignite.The advantage of this system is: owing to have only part of fuel is to bring the conventional system of particulate emission and other effulent to provide by meeting, so have better combustion efficiency.Figure 19 has represented each stage of exemplary diesel engine.

Advantageously, the glow plug of selecting for use has very long life-span grade under service condition.Referring to Figure 20-22, long-life resistance coil element 802 is preferably made by the platinum alloy silk in the glow plug.Diameter wiry is 0.012 inch, and stretching length is 4 inches, and it is wound into length l ₁Be about 1/2 inch spiral winding.Coil is inserted in the outer metal tube 812, and this metal tube can be made by Inconel, its length l ₁Be about 1/2 inch.The internal diameter of metal tube is about 0.170 inch, and wall thickness is 0.035 inch.As shown in the figure, the lower end closed of metal tube the lower extension of taenidium.The lower end of taenidium is soldered on the metal tube.In order to heat outer tube rapidly, preferably adopt trickle glass powder 804 as the main electric insulation between coil and the outer tube.Trickle high temp glass powder is considered to have good heat-conducting property, so that heat is delivered to outer tube apace from coil, also has suitable electrical insulating property simultaneously.Filler for example can be 100% trickle glass powder, perhaps can be 90% trickle glass powder and 10% ceramic powder.The upper end of coil is inserted in the receiving bore, and is soldered on the lower end of center rod axle 806, and the bar axle can be made with stainless steel.The upper end of bar axle 806A can be used as electric connection terminal, to receive electric energy from battery.For example the member body of being made by Machine Steel 811 is engaged on the top of outer tube 812.The sealing component 807 that constitutes with heat resistance fiber is between bar axle 806 and the external member body in 810 positions and extends.Formed pressure seal 808 long-life, electrical insulation, that make with the high temperature pressure seal glass on member 807, it is between the connector rod axle 806 and external member body of conduction.The total length l2 of glow plug is about 4 inches.

Multiple systems has above been described for example.Be understood that under prerequisite not, can make the remodeling of various ways departing from essential idea of the present invention and scope.For example, heating surface can be other structure, also can heat these surfaces-for example can adopt other electric-heating technology with other heating measure, and the outer surface of vaporizer and continuous conduit thereof can be equipped with adiabatic and assistant heating measure.Thereby the system of other design form is also in the scope of appended claim.

Claims (94)

1. fuel vaporizer that is used for internal-combustion engine, this fuel vaporizer comprises:

The pressure chamber (10 of sealing; 50; C), it defines a volume (12; 52; 104; 504; 604; V);

The heating surface (S) relevant with described volume, it is configured to be heated; And

Liquid fuel supply system, it is configured under pressure, from the liquid fuel spraying (L) of at least one outlet emission diffusion pattern to volume of separating with heating surface,

At described heating surface, pressure chamber and liquid fuel supply system are constructed and arranged to and form mixed area (12 between at least one outlet and heating surfaces; 104; D), injected fuel spray its from described export house through the process of described volume, in this mixed area, be subjected to heating fully and being evaporated by mixing with the thermal afterburning material steam that circulates, wherein, described thermal afterburning material steam before flow through from heating surface (S), and received extra heat from heating surface

Fuel vaporizer and steam go out circulation road (20; 62; 125; 532; 714; 732; 734) link to each other, this goes out circulation road and comprises flow control member (22; 64; 132; 538; 538 '; 638; 716; 736), fuel vaporizer is constructed and arranged to and allows the fuel fume of pressurization to flow to motor, keeps superatmospheric basically pressure simultaneously in volume takes place in evaporation.

2. fuel vaporizer according to claim 1 is characterized in that: be equipped with electrical system (ES) on the fuel vaporizer, it comprises battery and by engine-driven power supply, wherein, heating surface (S) heats by the electric power from electrical system.

3. fuel vaporizer according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: fuel vaporizer is formed under the situation that does not have air draught basically liquid fuel is evaporated.

4. according to one of aforesaid right requirement described fuel vaporizer, it is characterized in that: this fuel vaporizer is formed in the pressure chamber and under the compressed-air actuated situation of input finite quantity liquid fuel is evaporated.

5. according to claim 1,2 or 3 described fuel vaporizers, it is characterized in that: liquid fuel supply system is a liquid-propellant injection system (18; 58; FI; 502; 710; 720), it is configured to spray into controlled liquid fuel spray pulses in evaporator capacity.

6. fuel vaporizer according to claim 5 is characterized in that: be configured to define the liquid fuel pulse stream of pressurization, wherein, the lasting duration (454) of each pulse is about 1 second or longer.

7. according to claim 5 or 6 described fuel vaporizers, it is characterized in that, also comprise controller (210,561), so that produce the pressurized liquid stream pulse that continues duration and/or frequency change in response to the demand of fuel fume.

8. according to claim 5,6 or 7 described fuel vaporizers, it is characterized in that: liquid-propellant injection system comprises:

Pulse signal generator (210; 560), it is configured to produce a series of signal pulse according to the demand for fuel of motor;

Liquid fuel injector (18; 58; FI; 502; 710; 720);

Liquid fuel pipeline (124; 508), it is connected to from electric fuel pump (554) and receives pressure flow, and pressurized fuel flowed to liquid fuel injector, liquid fuel injector is constructed and arranged to and produces scattered liquid fuel spray pulses in response to signal pulse, the described outlet of flowing through of this spray pulses.

9. according to the described fuel vaporizer of one of claim 5 to 8, it is characterized in that: it is configured to and the supporting use of petrol engine, wherein, liquid-propellant injection system comprises electric fuel pump (554), its be configured to fluid pressure with about 60～100psig with liquid fuel jet in vaporization chamber, and fuel vaporizer is constructed such that the pressure in the vaporization chamber volume is maintained at about in the scope of 30～80psig, and the pressure of liquid fuel is basically greater than the pressure in the vaporization chamber volume.

10. fuel vaporizer according to claim 9, it is characterized in that: it is configured to be used in the air-flow that is designed to combustion-supporting air and provides in the carburetor circuit of fuel fume, vaporizer be configured to the pressure in the vaporization chamber maintain about 65 and 75psi between.

11. fuel vaporizer according to claim 9 is characterized in that: it is configured to be used in the fuel injection system of motor, vaporizer be configured to the pressure in the vaporization chamber be maintained at about 40 and 50psi between.

12., it is characterized in that: be configured to the pressure of liquid discharging is remained than the big at least 5psi of the pressure in the vaporization chamber volume according to claim 9,10 or 11 described fuel vaporizers.

13., it is characterized in that: be configured to single combustion zone (C with internal-combustion engine according to the described fuel vaporizer of one of claim 5 to 12; C ') is associated.

14. fuel vaporizer according to claim 13, it is characterized in that: liquid-propellant injection system is configured to: each pulse is ejected into controlled liquid fuel spray pulses in the vaporization chamber of vaporizer according to the timing relation of motor and to be suitable for that the amount that fuel fills is carried out in the combustion zone.

15., it is characterized in that according to claim 13 or 14 described fuel vaporizers: be configured to come injecting LPG in liquefied condition with the pressure that is higher than about 100psig, with it as the liquid spray that is ejected in the evaporator capacity.

16. fuel vaporizer according to claim 15 is characterized in that: pressure is higher than 150psig.

17., it is characterized in that: be configured to diesel fuel is evaporated, and spray diesel fuel vapor, so that it burns in the cylinder of diesel engine according to the described fuel vaporizer of one of claim 13 to 16.

18. according to one of aforesaid right requirement described fuel vaporizer, it is characterized in that: liquid fuel supply system has been configured to define such spraying: it has axis (A1, A2), and heating surface (S) is and the axisymmetric surface of revolution of spraying.

19. fuel vaporizer according to claim 18 is characterized in that: heating surface (14; 706) around spraying.

20. fuel vaporizer according to claim 19 is characterized in that: spraying is taper, and heating surface is essentially cylindrical shape.

21. according to claim 18,19 or 20 described fuel vaporizers, it is characterized in that: heating surface is to be formed by the heat-conducting metal of thickness about 1/16 to 1/8 inch.

22. according to one of aforesaid right requirement described fuel vaporizer, it is characterized in that: heating surface comprises the lateral surfaces (70,704) relative with spraying.

23. fuel vaporizer according to claim 22 is characterized in that: lateral surfaces is circular form.

24. according to claim 22 or 23 described fuel vaporizers, it is characterized in that: the member that forms heating surface comes down to cup-shaped (700), and it comprises having constituted sprays over against the lateral part (704) on surface with around the outer wall section (706) of spraying.

25. according to claim 22,23 or 24 described fuel vaporizers, it is characterized in that: lateral surfaces links to each other with at least one electric heater.

26. fuel vaporizer according to claim 25 is characterized in that: heater comes down to glow plug (G ₁156; 526; 702).

27. fuel vaporizer according to claim 24 is characterized in that: fuel vaporizer has single glow plug (702) in fact, and glow plug is set at center position with respect to lateral surfaces, glow plug and spraying substantial registration.

28. according to the described fuel vaporizer of one of claim 22 to 27, it is characterized in that: the shape of lateral surfaces is designed to receive spraying in the mode of mixing, and makes spraying deflection.

29. fuel vaporizer according to claim 28 is characterized in that: lateral surfaces (704) is the anchor ring cross section that is recessed into.

30. according to the described fuel vaporizer of one of claim 27 to 29, it is characterized in that: being configured to can evaporation of diesel fuel, can spray diesel vapor again.

31., it is characterized in that according to the described fuel vaporizer of one of claim 27 to 29: be configured to evaporate gasoline, but also injected petrol steam.

32. according to claim 1,22 or 24 described fuel vaporizers, it is characterized in that: heater (702) is associated with heating surface and exposes, with volume in fuel directly contact.

33. according to the described fuel vaporizer of one of claim 1 to 21, it is characterized in that: heater (G; 108; 510) be associated with heating surface, the Connecting format of heating surface and heater can prevent that the fuel in heater and the volume from coming in contact.

34. fuel vaporizer according to claim 33, it is characterized in that: conduction material (404) contacts with the member (106) that forms heating surface, this material can undergo phase transition under operating conditions, and conduction material has constituted the heat-transfer path between heater (108A, B) and the heating surface.

35. according to the described fuel vaporizer of one of claim 1 to 21, it is characterized in that: the heater that is associated with heating surface comprises one or more glow plug (G that become the heat transfer relation of heat conduction with heating surface; 108; 510; 524; 702).

36. fuel vaporizer according to claim 35 is characterized in that: the heat transfer medium (62 of heat conduction; 404) from least one glow plug (G; 108) extend to the member that forms heating surface.

37. fuel vaporizer according to claim 36 is characterized in that: heat transfer medium is the annulus member (62) of heat conduction, and it is around the outside of wallboard, and with its maintenance thermo-contact, wherein, the inside of described wallboard has formed heating surface.

38. according to one of aforesaid right requirement described fuel vaporizer, it is characterized in that: electric heater comprises a plurality of glow plug (G; G ₁108; 510; 524), these glow plugs distribute along member that forms heating surface or heat transfer member compartment of terrain.

39. fuel vaporizer according to claim 1 is characterized in that: directed by being sprayed on the axial direction of forming of liquid fuel supply system, and fuel vaporizer comprises cross member (70; 704), it has formed heating surface, this heating surface with provide the electric heater of electric power to be associated by the engine electrically system, and its bearing of trend and described axis traversed by.

40. fuel vaporizer according to claim 1 is characterized in that: heating surface (S) is positioned under the cold start conditions and impacts mutually with the liquid fuel spraying, with evaporating liquid, is provided for the fuel fume of engine cold starting and running thus.

41., it is characterized in that: be oriented to be used to be heated heating surface and at least one the glow plug (G that spray and impact according to the described fuel vaporizer of claim 40; G ₁156; 526; 702) keep the heat transfer by heat conduction relation, so that heating surface is carried out electric heating.

42. fuel vaporizer according to claim 1 is characterized in that: fuel vaporizer has first heating surface and second heating surface, wherein, and primary heater (G; 108; 510) with secondary heater (G ₁156; 524) be associated with first heating surface and secondary heater respectively.

43. fuel vaporizer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: first heating surface (72,106 or 518), second heating surface (70,154 or 526) are all relevant with the inner given volume of vaporization chamber, first heating surface is associated with the mixed area, second heating surface is configured to be subjected at least the impact of liquid fuel spraying under cold machine state, so that the impact spraying is evaporated.

44. fuel vaporizer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the liquid fuel spraying (L) of expansion pattern distributes round an axis (A2), and first heating surface (78,106 or 518) is formed at axis at a distance of the position of certain distance around spraying, and second heating surface (at 70,154 or 526 places) extends the axis traversed by with spraying.

45. according to claim 43 or 44 described fuel vaporizers, it is characterized in that: second heating surface is by the piercing member made from Heat Conduction Material (154; 526) constitute.

46. according to claim 43 or 44 described fuel vaporizers, it is characterized in that: second heating surface heats by the heat effect of glow plug.

47. fuel vaporizer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: steam goes out circulation road and is configured to combustion-supporting air conduit (130) discharging that is associated with motor, and described flow control member is steam control valve (132), it is suitable for activateding in response to the power demand of motor, so that the vapor flow rate that flow in the air conduit is controlled.

48. according to the described fuel vaporizer of claim 47, it is characterized in that: the zone of combustion-supporting air conduit is the Venturi tube zone.

49. fuel vaporizer according to claim 1 is characterized in that: be associated with internal-combustion engine, and the steam of vaporization chamber goes out circulation road and is configured to one group of fuel fume sparger (531 with a plurality of combustion zones; 538; 638) supply with, each fuel fume sparger all communicates directly or indirectly with corresponding engine combustion zone, and vapor steam blaster is suitable for activateding in response to the power demand of motor.

50. according to the described fuel vaporizer of claim 49, it is characterized in that: the fuel fume sparger is configured to fuel fume is displaced into the suction port zone of each combustion zone of motor.

51. according to the described fuel vaporizer of claim 49, it is characterized in that: the fuel fume sparger is configured to fuel fume directly is displaced in each combustion zone of motor.

52. fuel vaporizer according to claim 1 is characterized in that: fuel vaporizer is configured with size and is designed to provide fuel fume to the single combustion zone of the motor with a plurality of combustion zones.

53. according to the described fuel vaporizer of claim 52, it is characterized in that: the heating surface of vaporizer is essentially cup-shaped, it comprises with the relative lateral surfaces (704) of spraying with around the outer wall part (706) of spraying.

54. according to the described fuel vaporizer of claim 53, it is characterized in that: glow plug (702) is arranged on the central position with respect to lateral surfaces, and the axis substantial registration of the axis of glow plug and spraying.

55. according to claim 53 or 54 described fuel vaporizers, it is characterized in that: lateral surfaces is crooked diametrically or tilts, is configured to receive spraying and it is carried out local derviation with the form of mixing.

56. according to the described fuel vaporizer of claim 55, it is characterized in that: lateral surfaces is the concave surface of annular portion.

57. according to claim 52,53 or 54 described fuel vaporizers, it is characterized in that: flow control member is by spring-biased valve (736A), and it is configured to be opened by the pressure in the pressure chamber.

58. according to claim 52,53 or 54 described fuel vaporizers, it is characterized in that: flow control member (736B) is configured to by the timing system of motor it be carried out opening and closing.

59. according to claim 52,53 or 54 described fuel vaporizers, it is characterized in that: liquid-propellant injection system (712) is configured to controlled liquid fuel spray pulses is ejected in the volume of vaporizer, and each pulse all has the timing relation with motor and its pulsed quantity is suitable for the fuel of combustion zone is filled.

60., it is characterized in that: be configured to spray diesel fuel vapor to the combustion zone of diesel engine according to the described fuel vaporizer of claim 59.

61. according to the described fuel vaporizer of claim 52, it is characterized in that: liquid-propellant injection system (726) is configured to controlled liquid fuel spray pulses is ejected in the volume of vaporizer, each pulse all has the timing relation with motor and its pulsed quantity is suitable for the fuel of combustion zone is filled, flow control member is vapour injection valve (736B), it is configured to become timing to concern work with motivation, and control system is suitable for the time lag between the actuating of each pulse of atomizing of liquids in evaporator capacity spraying and steam valve is controlled.

62. according to the described fuel vaporizer of claim 61, it is characterized in that: be suitable for and the supporting use of diesel engine, control system is designed to keep the described time lag, thereby guarantees that the pressure in the vaporization chamber is enough to allow the initial moment in the firing chamber acting stage that diesel vapor is directly injected in the combustion zone.

63. a fuel vaporizer that is used to have the internal-combustion engine of combustion zone, this fuel vaporizer comprises:

The pressure chamber (700 and 701) of sealing, it defines a volume;

With the heating surface that described volume is associated, it is configured to be heated; And

Liquid fuel supply system, the outlet that it is provided under the pressure, separate from least one and heating surface is sprayed the liquid fuel spraying of expansion pattern to described volume,

Liquid fuel supply system comprises fuel injection system (710,712), it is configured to the controlled pulse spraying, each pulse is all synchronous with the timing of motor, and pulsed quantity is suitable for that fuel is finished in the combustion zone of motor and fills, heating surface comes down to cup-shaped, it comprises with the relative lateral surfaces (at 704 places) of spraying with around the outer wall section (at 706 places) of spraying, be effectively, vaporizer has glow plug (702), it is set at the central position with respect to lateral surfaces, the axis of glow plug is aimed at spraying basically, comprise valve (736A with the vapor flow rate control piece, 736B), this valve is configured to be unlocked with to the combustion zone of motor transfer the fuel steam.

64. according to the described fuel vaporizer of claim 63, it is characterized in that: the valve (736A) that the transfer the fuel steam is flowed through is subjected to the loading of spring, and is configured to by the opened by pressure in the pressure chamber.

65. according to the described fuel vaporizer of claim 63, it is characterized in that: the valve (736B) that the transfer the fuel steam is flowed through is configured to the timing system opening and closing by motor.

66. according to the described fuel vaporizer of claim 65, it is characterized in that: control system is suitable for being controlled at the time lag between the actuating of each subpulse of in evaporator capacity atomizing of liquids spraying and valve, wherein, carry out the conveying of fuel fume through described valve.

67., it is characterized in that according to the described fuel vaporizer of claim 66: be configured to produce diesel fuel vapor, and with vapor injection in the combustion zone.

68. a fuel vaporizer that is used to be equipped with the internal-combustion engine of electrical system, electrical system wherein comprises battery and by engine-driven power supply, fuel vaporizer comprises:

Closed chamber (10; 50; C);

First and second heating surfaces (see 60,72,106,518 or 706 and see 70,154,526 or 704), they are associated with described chamber, and be configured to be heated, at least the second heating surface (70,154,526 or 704) is by the electric power heating from electrical system; And

Liquid fuel supply system (18; 102; 502; 710), it is provided under the pressure, sprays at least one liquid fuel of expanding pattern spraying from least one outlet to described chamber,

With respect to first heating surface, chamber and liquid fuel supply system are constructed and arranged between at least one outlet and first heating surface and set up evaporation region, in running operating mode process, injected fuel spray is subjected to heating fully and being evaporated in this evaporation region; And

With respect to second heating surface, chamber and liquid fuel supply system are constructed and arranged to: under cold machine condition, make liquid spray directly impact on second heating surface, and second heating surface is configured to be subjected to rapid heating, and be configured to impact spraying and evaporate, so that under cold machine condition, provide fuel fume for motor.

69. according to the described fuel vaporizer of claim 68, it is characterized in that: liquid fuel supply system is configured to produce the fog pattern that distributes round axis from least one outlet, first heating surface is the surface of revolution form around spraying, and second heating surface comprises and being configured to and the general direction facing surfaces of the horizontal intersecting and merging of axis and spraying expansion.

70. according to claim 68 or 69 described fuel vaporizers, it is characterized in that: second heating surface is subjected at least one glow plug (G ₁, 156,524,702) heating, glow plug provides energy by electrical system.

71. according to the described fuel vaporizer of claim 70, it is characterized in that: second heating surface is that the plate by heat conduction forms, and glow plug and this plate keep thermo-contact.

72. according to claim 70 or 71 described fuel vaporizers, it is characterized in that: comprise control piece, only under cold machine condition, just the glow plug to second heating surface provides energy for it.

73. according to the described fuel vaporizer of claim 68, it is characterized in that: the chamber of fuel vaporizer has formed single volume, two heating surfaces all expose to this volume, so that realize evaporation.

74., it is characterized in that: be configured to: in running operating mode process, under the situation that does not have air substantially, liquid fuel is evaporated according to the described fuel vaporizer of one of claim 68-73.

75. fuel vaporizer that is used to be equipped with the internal-combustion engine of electrical system, electrical system wherein comprises battery and by engine-driven power supply, fuel vaporizer is configured to: in running operating mode process, evaporating liquid fuel under the situation that does not have air substantially, this fuel vaporizer comprises:

The pressure chamber (10 of sealing; 50; C), it defines a volume (12; 52; 104; 504; 604; V);

First and second heating surfaces that are associated with this volume (see 60,72,106,518 or 706 and see 70,154,526 or 704), each heating surface is all by from the heating of the electric power of electrical system; And

Liquid fuel supply system, it is provided under the pressure, sprays the liquid fuel spraying of expanding pattern from least one outlet to described pressure chamber;

With respect to first heating surface, pressure chamber and liquid fuel supply system are constructed and arranged between at least one outlet and this heating surface and set up mixed area (12; 104; D), injected fuel spray its from outlet through the process that described volume is propagated, by in this mixed area, mixing mutually and be subjected to sufficient heating with fuel fume that circulate, after the heating, and then be evaporated, wherein, the fuel fume that circulates formerly flows through from this heating surface, and has received extra heat from heating surface;

With respect to second heating surface, pressure chamber and liquid fuel supply system are constructed and arranged to: under cold machine condition, liquid spray is directly impacted on second heating surface, and second heating surface is designed to the spraying that impact comes and evaporates;

Fuel vaporizer goes out circulation road with steam and links to each other, and this goes out circulation road and comprises flow control member (22; 64; 132; 538; 638; 716; 736), fuel vaporizer is constructed and arranged to and can makes the fuel fume of pressurization flow to motor, can make simultaneously to keep malleation in the volume.

76. a diesel fuel vaporizer that is used to be equipped with the internal-combustion engine of electrical system, electrical system wherein comprise battery and by engine-driven power supply, this fuel vaporizer is used to evaporate liquid diesel fuel, this fuel vaporizer comprises:

The pressure chamber (10 of sealing; 50; C), it defines a volume;

The heating surface (S) that is associated with this volume, and this heating surface is by the electric power heating from electrical system; And

Liquid fuel supply system, the diesel liquid fuel spraying (L) of expansion pattern is sprayed in the outlet that it is provided under the pressure, separate from least one and heating surface to described volume;

With respect to this heating surface, pressure chamber and liquid fuel supply system are constructed and arranged between at least one outlet and this heating surface and set up mixed area (12; 104; D), injected fuel spray its from outlet through the process that described volume is propagated, by in this mixed area, mixing mutually and be subjected to sufficient heating with fuel fume that circulate, after the heating, and then be evaporated, wherein, the fuel fume that circulates formerly flows through from this heating surface (S), and has received extra heat from heating surface;

Fuel vaporizer and steam go out circulation road (20; 62; 125; 532; 714; 732; 734) link to each other, this passage comprises flow control member (22; 64; 132; 538; 638; 716; 736), and fuel vaporizer is constructed and arranged to the diesel fuel vapor flow direction engine that can make pressurization, can make the inner malleation that keeps of the volume that evaporation takes place simultaneously.

77. according to the described diesel fuel vaporizer of claim 76, it is characterized in that: comprise suction port, its pressurized air that is constructed and arranged to limited flow is incorporated in the described volume.

78., it is characterized in that: comprise second heating surface (70 according to claim 76 or 77 described diesel fuel vaporizers; 154; 526; 704), with respect to second heating surface, pressure chamber and liquid fuel supply system are constructed and arranged to: under cold machine condition, liquid spray is directly impacted on second heating surface, second heating surface is configured to evaporation and impacts spraying, to provide fuel fume to motor.

79. a fuel vaporizer and a vapor steam blaster (B) that is used for internal-combustion engine comprising:

The pressure chamber of sealing, it defines a volume;

The heating surface relevant with described volume, and this surface is arranged to be heated; And

Liquid fuel supply system, it is arranged under pressure, and lacking under the conditions of air, the liquid fuel spraying of expansion pattern is sprayed in the outlet of separating from least one and heating surface to volume, liquid fuel supply system comprises fuel injection system (726), it is configured to spray controlled liquid fuel spray pulses in volume, each pulse all has the timing relation with motor, and pulsed quantity is suitable for finishing the fuel charge to the engine combustion zone, heating surface comprises with the relative lateral surfaces (704) of spraying with around the outer wall section (706) of spraying, heating surface is associated with glow plug (702), so that spraying is heated, and produce fuel fume, flow control member comprises valve (736B), this valve is configured to the timing relation according to motor, open during a period of time after the pulse of each time liquid spray, so that fuel fume is transported in the motor.

80. according to described fuel vaporizer of claim 79 and sparger, it is characterized in that: heating surface (700) is the cup-shaped surface that has bottom and sidepiece, and fuel injection system is configured to the bottom of spraying facing to cup-shape member sprayed into.

81. according to claim 79 or 80 described fuel vaporizer and spargers, it is characterized in that: glow plug heats the heating surface and the bottom of cup-shape member.

82., it is characterized in that: be configured to evaporation of diesel fuel according to claim 79,80 or 81 described fuel vaporizer and spargers.

83. a fuel vaporizer that is used for internal-combustion engine is equipped with battery and by engine-driven power supply, fuel vaporizer comprises on this internal-combustion engine:

The pressure chamber (10 of sealing; 50; C), it defines a volume;

At least one heating surface (S), it is associated with described volume, and only is configured to be heated by the electrical system of motor; And

Liquid fuel supply system, the liquid fuel spraying (L) of expansion pattern is sprayed in the outlet that it is provided under the pressure, separate from least one and heating surface to volume;

Pressure chamber, liquid fuel supply system and the heating of heating surface evaporated by configured and disposed paired fuel collaboratively, with evaporated fuel under big pressure to form fuel fume;

Fuel vaporizer and steam go out circulation road (20; 62; 125; 532; 714; 732; 734) link to each other, this passage comprises flow control member (22; 64; 132; 538; 638; 716; 736), fuel vaporizer is constructed and arranged to and allows the fuel fume of pressurization to flow to motor, can make simultaneously in the volume that evaporation process takes place keeping exceeding basically atmospheric pressure.

84. 3 described fuel vaporizers according to Claim 8 is characterized in that: be formed at evaporating liquid fuel under the situation of basic shortage air draught.

85. 3 described fuel vaporizers according to Claim 8 is characterized in that: be formed under the pressure chamber carries the situation of limited flow air liquid fuel is evaporated.

86. 5 described fuel vaporizers according to Claim 8 is characterized in that: air mode with the atomizing that promotes liquid spray under pressure is injected.

87. a fuel vaporizer, it has the heat conduction member (62 by horizontal expansion; 70; 110; 154; 526; 704) heat transfer member of Gou Chenging, this heat conduction member have overall extension direction, and have at least one glow plug (G by the electric power energy supply; G ₁108; 156; 524; 622; 702), the heated portion of this glow plug and heat conduction member keep thermo-contact closely, and the axis of glow plug is substantially perpendicular to the extension direction of heat conduction member.

88. 7 described fuel vaporizers according to Claim 8, it is characterized in that: vaporific heating surface comprises wallboard members (14; 106; 518) internal surface, this internal surface are the form of surface of revolution, and the heat conduction member of horizontal expansion comprises annular construction member (62; 110; 516), its around wallboard members and with its maintenance thermo-contact.

89. 7 described fuel vaporizers is characterized in that: the heat conduction member (70 of horizontal expansion according to Claim 8; 154; 526; 704) comprise heating surface, described heating surface comprises bearing of trend and member from the direction traversed by of the injected fuel spray of sparger ejection.

90. 9 described fuel vaporizers according to Claim 8, it is characterized in that: described member comprises heat conduction plate (70; 154; 526; 704).

91. 9 described fuel vaporizers according to Claim 8, it is characterized in that: the horizontal expansion member has constituted the base section (704) of cup-shaped fuel vaporization chamber.

92. 9,90 or 91 described fuel vaporizers according to Claim 8 is characterized in that: the shape of horizontal expansion member is designed to help make it become the circulation mode that is used for mixed function to the channeling conduct of flowing.

93. glow plug, comprise and be positioned at inner resistance heater, this heater is the form of the elongated spiral winding (802) made by platinum base alloy, elongated outer tube (812) that made by heating resisting metal, the end sealing has formed an internal cavities, resistance heating coil is installed in this cavity, with heat conduction in outer tube but the filler of electrical insulation is to be made of trickle glass powder (804) basically, it makes heater and outer tube realize electrical insulation, has formed thermal conducting path simultaneously between the two.

94. according to the described glow plug of claim 93, it is characterized in that: the outer end of resistive heater coil is connected with terminal member (806), and with high temperature pressure seal glass (808) the terminal member is sealed on the external structure of glow plug.

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