CN101207963B - Pre-heating control apparatus for adjusting gas discharge light tube electric voltage - Google Patents
Pre-heating control apparatus for adjusting gas discharge light tube electric voltage Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101207963B CN101207963B CN2006101707782A CN200610170778A CN101207963B CN 101207963 B CN101207963 B CN 101207963B CN 2006101707782 A CN2006101707782 A CN 2006101707782A CN 200610170778 A CN200610170778 A CN 200610170778A CN 101207963 B CN101207963 B CN 101207963B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- light tube
- gas discharge
- electric voltage
- adjusted
- heating control
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Images
Abstract
The invention relates to a preheating controller for regulating voltage of a gas discharge lamp tube, which is a controller used for the gas discharge lamp tube, and comprises a pulse width regulation circuit which is used for controlling voltage of the lamp tube during preheating, a pulse wave frequency regulation circuit which is used for controlling frequency of the lamp tube when the lamp tube is stable to stabilize electric current of the lamp tube, and a timing device which is used for determing preheating time of the lamp tube.
Description
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is the pre-heating control device that a kind of tool is adjusted gas discharge light tube electric voltage, what be particularly related to is a kind of light tube electric voltage of pulse duration adjustment (PWM) technology control gaseous discharge lamp between warming up period that utilize, can reduce light tube electric voltage effectively, avoid the vehement photoelectric current that produces between warming up period, and still keep needed filament pre-heating electric current.When stable state, revert to the pulse wave frequency and adjust (PFM) control, stablize lamp current.The control method that this patent is carried does not need to change the half-bridge driver framework and the resonant slots network of existing product, can realize the result of demand.The control method that this patent is carried can utilize analog integrated circuit or digitial controller to realize easily, can quicken to import product and use.
Background technology
Half-bridge driver in the at present existing electric stabilizer product adopts the half-bridge framework mostly, and the design of control integrated circuit (IC) for convenience, the half-bridge framework is all realized with the Class-D pattern, wherein the Class-D pattern has characteristic and the system's advantage altogether of keeping the standard half-bridge, its maximum advantage is that the direct current chain electric capacity of input also only needs one and gets final product, can effectively reduce the cost of electric stabilizer, yet the stabilizer that adopts the Class-D pattern is between warming up period, as shown in Figure 1, preheating for the conditional electronic stabilizer, light a fire to the light tube electric voltage and the current waveform figure of stable state, the preheating of described conditional electronic stabilizer, all processes of igniting and stable state, all take the pulse wave frequency to adjust (PFM), preheating from traditional Class-D pattern, the waveform of the stable state of lighting a fire, as can be seen from the figure light tube electric voltage is loaded with half direct current chain voltage between warming up period, because load (Load) temporarily presents Light Condition, can cause light tube electric voltage between warming up period (VLAMP) can cross-pressure half direct current chain voltage, and heater current (IF) further produces vehement photoelectric current between burn period, if often do a little, the action of going out, to make lamp holder do sth. in advance melanism, also reduce lamp tube service life.Solve the light tube electric voltage problem between warming up period.
The road that two kinds of solutions are arranged at present, one for changeing back standard half-bridge framework, and another is no-voltage (0V) for increase by one external switch forces light tube electric voltage, but all there is its disappearance in the two, the former can influence circuit design parameter originally, and increases direct current chain electric capacity, and system's problem altogether; The latter inserts extra circuit and external switch can increase the assembly cost.The two existing disappearance all makes existing electric stabilizer be unfavorable for the competition on the market, therefore if can improve with existing framework, not only can reduce the time-histories of redesign, also can quicken to import market.
Summary of the invention
For addressing the aforementioned drawbacks, the invention provides a kind of tool and adjust the pre-heating control device of gas discharge light tube electric voltage, main purpose is for utilizing the light tube electric voltage (VLAMP) of pulse duration adjustment (PWM) technology control gaseous discharge lamp between warming up period, can reduce light tube electric voltage effectively, avoid the vehement photoelectric current that produces between warming up period, and still keep needed filament pre-heating electric current, when stable state, revert to the pulse wave frequency and adjust (PFM) control, stablize lamp current, the control method that this patent is carried does not need to change the half-bridge converter framework and the resonant slots network of existing product, can realize the result of demand, the control method that this patent is carried can utilize analog integrated circuit or digitial controller to realize easily, can quicken to import product and use.
In order to achieve the above object, the circuit of electric stabilizer of the present invention is the control that is applied in gas discharge lamp tube, and it includes:
One pulse bandwidth is adjusted circuit, in order to the light tube electric voltage of control fluorescent tube between warming up period;
One pulse wave frequency regulating circuit is in order to control fluorescent tube fluorescent tube frequency when the stable state, to stablize lamp current; And
A time set, in order to decision fluorescent tube warm-up time, it comprises two initiatively switch and charging circuits, described charging circuit is made up of current source, resistance and electric capacity, when described active switch finishes between warming up period Circuits System is switched to the frequency adjustment of 50% responsibility cycle by the pulse duration adjustment.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 for the preheating of conditional electronic stabilizer, light a fire to the light tube electric voltage and the current waveform figure of stable state;
Fig. 2 is the circuit framework figure of gaseous discharge lamp tube module of the present invention and electric stabilizer thereof;
Fig. 3 is the circuit framework figure of electric stabilizer of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is an openly detailed components circuit diagram comparatively of each circuit box of Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 is starting and the applied electric stabilizer Organization Chart of warm-up phase for the present invention;
Fig. 6 uses the oscillogram that pulse bandwidth is adjusted for the present invention;
Fig. 7 is that the present invention is at the applied electric stabilizer Organization Chart of steady-state process;
Fig. 8 uses the oscillogram that the pulse wave frequency is adjusted for the present invention;
Fig. 9 for the preheating of electric stabilizer of the present invention, light a fire to the light tube electric voltage and the current waveform figure of stable state;
Figure 10 uses the frequency relation figure of pulse wave frequency adjustment control back frequency from preheating, instantaneous and stable state for the present invention;
Figure 11 for electric stabilizer of the present invention between warming up period, the work of pulse wave frequency modulation control is in the state table diagrammatic sketch of fixed frequency.
Width of cloth figure mark explanation: GND～earth terminal; ILAMP～lamp current; IPH～current source; RT, RIG～resistance; TPH～electric capacity; VCC～voltage source; VLAMP～light tube electric voltage; VLAMP1～first light tube electric voltage; VLAMP2～second light tube electric voltage; Vref～reference voltage; Z1, Z2～compensator; 1～electric stabilizer; 11～reference voltage generator; 12～light tube electric voltage is adjusted circuit; 121～operational amplifier; 13～50% responsibility cycle reference values; 14～pulse wave frequency regulating circuit; 141～triangular wave generator; 142～the second active switches; 15～pulse wave electric voltage is adjusted circuit; 151～comparator; 16～half-bridge driver; 17～half-bridge power crystal-driven device; 171～high-pressure side driver; 172～low side driver; 18～charging circuit; 19～the first active switches; 2～fluorescent tube module; 21～direct current chain electric capacity; 22～the first transistor; 23～transistor seconds; 24～transformer; 25～fluorescent tube.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, be described in more detail with other technical characterictic and advantage the present invention is above-mentioned.
The present invention is mainly and proposes a new control model, can be reduced in the light tube electric voltage (VLAMP) between warming up period effectively, and keep the needed preheat curent of fluorescent tube.
As Fig. 2, shown in Figure 3, circuit framework figure for gaseous discharge lamp tube module of the present invention and electric stabilizer thereof, and the circuit framework figure of electric stabilizer, wherein said fluorescent tube module 2 (includes: direct current chain electric capacity 21 for existing framework, the first transistor 22, transistor seconds 23, transformer 24 and fluorescent tube 25), so do not do one and give unnecessary details at this, electric stabilizer 1 of the present invention comprises following part: reference voltage (Vref) generator 11, light tube electric voltage is adjusted circuit 12,50% responsibility cycle reference value 13, pulse wave frequency regulating circuit (Pulse Frequency Modulation, P.F.M.) 14, pulse bandwidth is adjusted circuit (Pulse Width Modulation, PWM) 15, half-bridge driver 16, half-bridge power crystal-driven device (Half-bridge driver) 17 (includes a high-pressure side driver (High side Driving, HD) 171 and one low side driver (Low side Driving, LD) 172), charging circuit 18 (includes: current source IPH, resistance R T and electric capacity TPH), the first active switch 19 and the timer that produces by external circuit.
See also shown in Figure 4, be the open detailed components circuit diagram comparatively of each circuit box of Fig. 3, the wherein design of each function square internal use actual component, for example: light tube electric voltage is adjusted circuit 12 and is made of an operational amplifier 121, and an end of described amplifier is input as 10% responsibility cycle reference value, and the other end is input as the second light tube electric voltage sampling value VLAMP2; And pulse wave frequency regulating circuit 14 is made of a triangular wave generator 141 and the second active switch 142; And pulse bandwidth adjustment circuit 15 is constituted by a comparator 151.Moreover the timer that external circuit produces can be made up of the timing circuit that charging circuit 18 forms.
See also shown in Figure 5, for the present invention is starting and the applied electric stabilizer Organization Chart of warm-up phase, control model is in pulse bandwidth adjustment (PWM) stage, and use Z1, Z2 (R, C built-up circuit) and come as compensator, the wherein whole flow process of lighting a lamp comprises: startup, preheating and three parts of frequency sweep igniting, what the present invention emphasized partly is between startup and warming up period, a buck converter (BUCK mode) pattern that shows as of Circuits System, so-called buck converter pattern is the pattern of output voltage values greater than input voltage value.The formula of through mode (1) can calculate a responsibility cycle D, the present embodiment responsibility cycle is 10%, just can make script for the reference voltage of triangular wave (Vref), is cut into square wave, and obtain required output voltage, the light tube electric voltage (VLAMP) when just equivalence is unloaded:
V
LAMP＝V
DC·D........................................(1)
See also shown in Figure 6, when using the pulse bandwidth adjustment for the present invention, the oscillogram of transistor driving signal, light tube electric voltage and heater current, wherein the work period of two of Fig. 5 circuit transistor switches (22,23) is identical, but responsibility cycle is asymmetrical complementary waveform such as Fig. 6, be called pulse bandwidth adjustment (PWM), adjust circuit 15 by pulse bandwidth and carry out described action, the direct current composition that output voltage can comprise the formed Alternating Component of inductance capacitance (L-C) resonant network and adjust through pulse bandwidth.Wherein, the direct current composition can through mode (1) calculate out the loop voltage value, if with the sampling of output voltage process, add the light tube electric voltage adjustment circuit of forming by operational amplifier 121 12, can carry out loop circuit control, keep the voltage regulation of output voltage, the output result of operational amplifier can draw from formula (2).
v
c＝1/2·V
ref·G
V·v
err........................................(2)
Wherein
v
err＝(1/2·V
ref-v
LAMP)........................................(3)
Please consult shown in Figure 11 simultaneously, for electric stabilizer of the present invention between warming up period, the work of pulse wave frequency modulation control is in the state table diagrammatic sketch of fixed frequency, between warming up period, the pulse wave frequency modulation control partly be the state that is operated in fixed frequency, and can not change frequency, this fixed frequency fPH must be greater than spark rate fos.The design of fPH can be by seeing through the decision of RT resistance.
See also shown in Figure 7, for the present invention at the applied electric stabilizer Organization Chart of steady-state process, when preheating finished, Circuits System was by the start of half-bridge driver (Inverter) institute, control model can become the pulse wave frequency and adjust (PFM).Can transfer 50%duty reference value 13 to this moment by light tube electric voltage adjustment originally, the adjustment of pulse wave frequency is then decided by a discharge resistance (RIG), described discharge resistance (RIG) can allow the electric capacity of triangular wave generator 141 inside make discharging action, therefore the triangle wave frequency can be approached toward resonance frequency fos by a high frequency fL3, after lamp current produces, change the ILAMP decision operating frequency by sampling, the oscillogram that its application pulse wave frequency is adjusted as shown in Figure 8.Fos can be by formula (5) decision, and wherein Cs and Cf are respectively resonant capacitance value and resonance inductance value.
See also shown in Figure 9, for the preheating of electric stabilizer of the present invention, light a fire to the light tube electric voltage and the current waveform figure of stable state, wherein adopt PWM-PFM control mode of the present invention, can between warming up period, reduce light tube electric voltage (VLAMP) effectively, compare with Fig. 2, for example, original light tube electric voltage is 1/2VDC, and average voltage (Vrms) is about 200V; But the disclosed light tube electric voltage mean value of Fig. 9 (Vrms) is about 35V, can find out by above-mentioned data that circuit framework that this case proposes can effectively reduce and reduce light tube electric voltage between warming up period, and keep required preheat curent, in addition, this control method circuit framework of not needing to change existing Class-D pattern can be realized.
See also shown in Figure 10ly, for after the present invention uses the pulse wave frequency and adjust control mode, its frequency is from preheating (I), instantaneous (II) frequency relation figure with stable state (III).
Above-mentioned Fig. 2 to Figure 11 can put in order out, and the circuit of electric stabilizer of the present invention is the control that is applied in gas discharge lamp tube, and it includes:
One pulse bandwidth is adjusted circuit, and in order to the light tube electric voltage of control fluorescent tube between warming up period, described pulse bandwidth is adjusted circuit and more included: an operational amplifier is as the sampling voltage purposes, and described operational amplifier can be by external circuit design compensation device; A comparator is as producing pulse bandwidth adjustment (PWM) waveform; One 1/10 reference voltage (0.1Vref) is as the reference value;
One pulse wave frequency regulating circuit, in order to control fluorescent tube fluorescent tube frequency when the stable state, to stablize lamp current, described pulse wave frequency regulating circuit more includes: a triangular wave generator, the changeable frequency of described triangular wave generator, and peak value equals reference voltage (Vref); The oscillation source that is produced by resistance capacitance and a reference voltage be as Voltage Reference, described electric capacity be external module and with interior wherein one of the triangular wave generator of building in;
A time set, in order to decision fluorescent tube warm-up time, wherein said time set comprises especially: two active switches, described active switch can be with Circuits System by the pulse duration adjustment, switch to the frequency adjustment of 50% responsibility cycle, and described two active switches are that (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor MOSFET) constitutes metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor; One charging circuit is made up of current source IPH, resistance R T and electric capacity TPH, and described active open relation is driven by charging circuit.
One buck converter, described buck converter operates between the stabilizer warming up period, and the light tube electric voltage direct current composition between the decision warming up period, and can determine a wherein state that whether is out circuit controls and loop circuit control to carry out by external circuit;
One half-bridge driver, described half-bridge driver operate between igniting and steady state period.
Moreover; rely on disclosing of above-mentioned Fig. 2 to Figure 11; can understand tool of the present invention and adjust the pre-heating control device of gas discharge light tube electric voltage; be mainly and utilize the light tube electric voltage (VLAMP) of pulse duration adjustment (PWM) technology control gaseous discharge lamp between warming up period; can reduce light tube electric voltage effectively; avoid the vehement photoelectric current that produces between warming up period; and still keep needed filament pre-heating electric current; when stable state, revert to the pulse wave frequency and adjust (PFM) control; stablize lamp current; the control method that this patent is carried does not need to change the half-bridge driver framework and the resonant slots network of existing product; can realize the result of demand; the control method that this patent is carried can utilize analog integrated circuit or digitial controller to realize easily; can quicken to import product uses; on market, has high value, so propose patent application to seek Patent right protection.
In sum, architectural feature of the present invention and each embodiment disclose in detail, and can fully demonstrate case of the present invention all dark well-off progressive of executing on purpose and effect, the value that has industry, and be utilization not seen before on the market at present, spiritual described according to Patent Law, case of the present invention meets the important document of patent of invention fully.
The above person only, it only is preferred embodiment of the present invention, when can not with the scope implemented of qualification the present invention, promptly the equalization of doing according to claim of the present invention generally changes and modifies, all should still belong in the scope that patent of the present invention contains, sincerely asking your juror's explicit example for reference, and pray Hui Zhun, is that institute is to praying.
Claims (12)
1. the pre-heating control device of a tool adjustment gas discharge light tube electric voltage is the control that is applied in gas discharge lamp tube, and it is characterized in that: it includes:
One pulse bandwidth is adjusted circuit, in order to the light tube electric voltage of control fluorescent tube between warming up period;
One pulse wave frequency regulating circuit is in order to control fluorescent tube fluorescent tube frequency when the stable state, to stablize lamp current; And
A time set, in order to decision fluorescent tube warm-up time, it comprises two initiatively switch and charging circuits, described charging circuit is made up of current source, resistance and electric capacity, when described active switch finishes between warming up period Circuits System is switched to the frequency adjustment of 50% responsibility cycle by the pulse duration adjustment.
2. tool as claimed in claim 1 is adjusted the pre-heating control device of gas discharge light tube electric voltage, it is characterized in that: described pulse bandwidth is adjusted circuit and also included: operational amplifier is that the comparator of reference voltage produces pulse bandwidth and adjusts waveform as sampling voltage purposes, one with 1/10.
3. tool as claimed in claim 2 is adjusted the pre-heating control device of gas discharge light tube electric voltage, and it is characterized in that: described operational amplifier is by external circuit design compensation device.
4. tool as claimed in claim 1 is adjusted the pre-heating control device of gas discharge light tube electric voltage, and it is characterized in that: described pulse wave frequency regulating circuit also includes: an oscillation source that is the triangular wave generator of Voltage Reference with the reference voltage, is produced by resistance capacitance.
5. tool as claimed in claim 4 is adjusted the pre-heating control device of gas discharge light tube electric voltage, it is characterized in that: the changeable frequency of described triangular wave generator, and peak value equals reference voltage.
6. tool as claimed in claim 4 is adjusted the pre-heating control device of gas discharge light tube electric voltage, it is characterized in that: described electric capacity be external module with in build one of them of triangular wave generator in.
7. tool as claimed in claim 1 is adjusted the pre-heating control device of gas discharge light tube electric voltage, and it is characterized in that: described active switch is driven by charging circuit.
8. tool as claimed in claim 1 is adjusted the pre-heating control device of gas discharge light tube electric voltage, it is characterized in that: described two active switches are constituted by metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor.
9. tool as claimed in claim 1 is adjusted the pre-heating control device of gas discharge light tube electric voltage, it is characterized in that: the pre-heating control device that described tool is adjusted gas discharge light tube electric voltage also includes:
One buck converter; And
One half-bridge driver is in order to do the conversion of electric current.
10. tool as claimed in claim 9 is adjusted the pre-heating control device of gas discharge light tube electric voltage, it is characterized in that: described buck converter is the light tube electric voltage direct current composition between the decision warming up period.
11. tool as claimed in claim 9 is adjusted the pre-heating control device of gas discharge light tube electric voltage, it is characterized in that: described buck converter determines one of them state that whether is out circuit controls and loop circuit control to carry out by external circuit.
12. tool as claimed in claim 9 is adjusted the pre-heating control device of gas discharge light tube electric voltage, it is characterized in that: described half-bridge driver operates between igniting and steady state period.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2006101707782A CN101207963B (en) | 2006-12-22 | 2006-12-22 | Pre-heating control apparatus for adjusting gas discharge light tube electric voltage |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2006101707782A CN101207963B (en) | 2006-12-22 | 2006-12-22 | Pre-heating control apparatus for adjusting gas discharge light tube electric voltage |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101207963A CN101207963A (en) | 2008-06-25 |
| CN101207963B true CN101207963B (en) | 2011-07-20 |
Family
ID=39567735
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2006101707782A Active CN101207963B (en) | 2006-12-22 | 2006-12-22 | Pre-heating control apparatus for adjusting gas discharge light tube electric voltage |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN101207963B (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101990351A (en) * | 2009-08-05 | 2011-03-23 | 广闳科技股份有限公司 | Fluorescent lamp preheating control device and method thereof |
| CN105376917B (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2018-05-01 | 杭州士兰微电子股份有限公司 | HID lamp controller, HID lamp drive system and driving method |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1340286A (en) * | 1999-02-12 | 2002-03-13 | 凹凸科技国际股份有限公司 | Balanced power supply circuit for multiple cold-cathode fluorescent lamps |
| CN1457623A (en) * | 2000-05-12 | 2003-11-19 | O2米克罗国际有限公司 | Integrated circuit for lamp heating and dimming control |
| CN1741702A (en) * | 2004-08-04 | 2006-03-01 | 株式会社小糸制作所 | Lighting apparatus for discharge lamp |
-
2006
- 2006-12-22 CN CN2006101707782A patent/CN101207963B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1340286A (en) * | 1999-02-12 | 2002-03-13 | 凹凸科技国际股份有限公司 | Balanced power supply circuit for multiple cold-cathode fluorescent lamps |
| CN1457623A (en) * | 2000-05-12 | 2003-11-19 | O2米克罗国际有限公司 | Integrated circuit for lamp heating and dimming control |
| CN1741702A (en) * | 2004-08-04 | 2006-03-01 | 株式会社小糸制作所 | Lighting apparatus for discharge lamp |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN101207963A (en) | 2008-06-25 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN102057758B (en) | Multi-lamps instant start electronic ballast | |
| JP3795863B2 (en) | Single-stage PFC + ballast control circuit / general-purpose power converter | |
| US20090129134A1 (en) | Controlled class-e dc ac converter | |
| US8212498B2 (en) | Fluorescent dimming ballast | |
| US8294385B2 (en) | High-pressure discharge lamp ballast with multi-mode lamp starting circuit | |
| JP2008053110A (en) | Discharge lamp lighting circuit | |
| US9119274B2 (en) | Resonant converter control | |
| JPH08138876A (en) | Cold-cathode tube lighting apparatus using piezoelectric transformer | |
| TWI381772B (en) | Preheat control device for modulating voltage of gas-discharge lamp | |
| CN111224555B (en) | Wide-range output control method of LLC resonant conversion circuit | |
| JP2005504427A (en) | Electronic ballast for run-plan adjustment | |
| US7145293B2 (en) | Electronic ballast having resonance excitation for generating a transfer voltage | |
| CN101207963B (en) | Pre-heating control apparatus for adjusting gas discharge light tube electric voltage | |
| CN1829406A (en) | Discharge lamp lighting circuit | |
| Có et al. | Single stage electronic ballast for HID lamps | |
| CN103068108B (en) | Half-bridge driver integrated circuit dedicated for energy-saving lamp | |
| CN212305718U (en) | Switching power supply, electronic ballast and LED drive circuit | |
| CN103379719A (en) | Discharge lamp lighting device, and illumination apparatus and vehicle including same | |
| EP2192821B1 (en) | Discharge lamp lighting device and illumination fixture | |
| Lin et al. | Difference-integral dimming controller for the single-stage back-lighting electronic ballast | |
| Diaz et al. | Control of low-frequency square-wave electronic ballast with resonant ignition using a dsPIC30F2010 | |
| Azcondo et al. | Low-frequency square-wave electronic ballast with resonant ignition using digital mode and power control | |
| JPH09308255A (en) | Discharge lamp lighting apparatus | |
| CN111818698A (en) | Switching power supply, electronic ballast and LED drive circuit | |
| Diaz et al. | Microcontroller software applied to electronic ballast design |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |