CN101207892B - Method for planning component channel of OFDM system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a sub-channel programming method of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) system, which includes: (a) determining numbers (N) of the base stations of a cluster, each base station is divided into S sectors; (b) determining N sub-channel sets multiplexed by each sector of the cluster, and determining the priorities of the sub-channel sets in corresponding sectors, and the priorities of the same sub-channel set in different sectors of a base station are different; (c) distributing usable sub-channel sets in accordance with the sequences of the priorities according to the actual service quantity of each sector. The method provided by the invention can program the sub-channels according to dynamic changes of the capacities and the coverage, and realizes dynamic programming of the sub-channels, besides, the realization method is simple and no need for reconfiguring the network when the services and the capacities change.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for planning sub-channels of an Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) system, belonging to the technical field of communication.
Background
OFDM technology has been proposed as a high-speed transmission technology for wireless communication systems in the 60 s of the 20 th century, and in recent years, with the rapid development of digital signal processing technology and integrated circuit technology, the system has been applied to various communication standards such as IEEE802.16 series standards, 3GPP Long-Term Evolution (LTE), and the like.
An orthogonal frequency division multiplexing multiple access (OFDMA) system is a multiple access communication system based on the OFDM technology. In the OFDMA system, one radio carrier is divided into a plurality of mutually orthogonal subcarriers, all the available subcarriers are divided into subchannels, and a subchannel may contain one or more subcarriers depending on the division method. The sub-channels are units of resource allocation and scheduling, and different sub-channels can be allocated to different users at the same time.
Like other cellular communication systems, the OFDMA system also needs to determine a frequency reuse pattern and perform frequency planning during network planning, wherein:
frequency reuse is realized based on the radio wave propagation path loss characteristic, and the unit thereof is a carrier wave. When the distance between two base stations is far enough, the carrier frequency for one base station can be multiplexed by the carrier frequency of the other base station, thereby improving spectral efficiency. The area covered by each base station is called a cell, and cells using the same frequency are called co-frequency cells. The distance D between these co-frequency cells is called the frequency reuse distance. In the design, the frequency reuse distance D must be far enough to make the co-subchannel interference level low enough to ensure the coverage quality.
The basic unit of frequency planning is a cell cluster, and frequency reuse is performed in a coverage area by taking the cluster as a unit. The cluster is a set of N cells, the N cells use all available spectrum resources, but the working frequencies of the cells are different, and the distribution mode and the frequency allocation scheme of the cells in the cluster determine a frequency reuse mode.
In an OFDMA system, a single carrier channel is composed of a plurality of mutually orthogonal subcarriers, the grouping of subcarriers forming a subchannel. Based on the scheduling of the sub-channels and controlling the inter-cell interference, the OFDMA system realizes frequency reuse with a distance of 1. In this way the number of cells N in each cluster is 1.
The OFDMA system may use a single carrier for networking, and at this time, the OFDMA system needs to manage and schedule subcarriers and subchannels reasonably. At present, the carrier-to-interference ratio C/I of subcarriers or subchannels in a cell is mostly used to determine which subcarrier or which group of subchannels is used, the scheduling and management of the subcarriers and subchannels in the whole network are very complex, and thus the management and scheduling effects of the subcarriers and subchannels in the network are greatly influenced.
For OFDMA systems, the requirements for coverage and capacity vary at different stages of network construction, in different areas, and during different time periods. In the initial stage of network construction, users are different, the capacity requirement is not large, and the network planning needs to mainly consider the coverage quality; with the increase of users, the network capacity requirement is gradually improved, and the network planning needs to make capacity improvement measures at the moment; in the area with low traffic, the network planning needs to mainly consider the capacity, and in the area with high traffic, the planning also needs to guarantee the high capacity; when the network traffic is not high, the coverage quality needs to be considered; when the network traffic is large, the network capacity needs to be ensured; it is clear that the above-described variations in network capacity and coverage requirements put higher demands on the planning of OFDMA systems.
At present, the single-carrier networking of the OFDMA system has not effectively processed the dynamic changes of network capacity and coverage, and the main disadvantages are as follows:
(1) the whole planning is lacked, and the scheduling management complexity of the sub-carriers and the sub-channels is high;
(2) the adaptability to the dynamic changes of coverage and capacity is weak, and no corresponding dynamic planning measures exist.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a method for planning the sub-channel of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system, so that the frequency planning of the OFDMA system has adaptability to the dynamic change of the coverage and the capacity.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for planning sub-channels of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system comprises the following steps:
(a) determining the number N of base stations in a cluster, wherein each base station is divided into S sectors;
(b) determining N sub-channel groups multiplexed by each sector in a cluster, and determining the priority of the sub-channel groups in the corresponding sectors, wherein the priority of the same sub-channel group in different sectors of the same base station is different;
(c) and allocating the usable subchannel groups according to the actual traffic of each sector in the order of high priority and low priority.
Further, the sub-channel groups are divided as follows:
when the total number of sub-channels in the ofdm system is M, the M sub-channels are averagely divided into nxs groups of sub-channel groups, where the number L of sub-channels in each sub-channel group is:
further, the step (b) of determining the N subchannel groups multiplexed by each sector in the cluster is implemented as follows:
when the number of the sub-channel groups already allocated in each sector in the cluster is 0, the allocation is performed according to the following method:
respectively allocating a group of different sub-channel groups for each sector in the cluster;
when the number of the sub-channel groups which are already distributed in each sector in the cluster is less than N, the distribution is carried out according to the following method:
sectors in the ith base station (i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N) respectively multiplex subchannel groups which are already allocated by sectors with the same number in the ith base station (h is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N, h is not equal to i, and the subchannel groups of the h base station are never multiplexed to the ith base station).
Further, the priority of the sub-channel group in the corresponding sector in the step (b) is determined according to the sequence of the sub-channel groups allocated to the sector.
Further, the step (c) further comprises:
the order of use for the subchannels within the same subchannel group is either random use or in a predetermined subchannel numbering order.
Further, after the step (c), further comprising:
(d) when one sector subchannel set is not enough to provide data transmission capacity, and other sectors still have a subchannel set which is free and has the same priority as the lowest priority in the used subchannel set, the free subchannel set is called, and the priority of the called subchannel set is not changed, but is set to be used after the subchannel set with the same priority in the sector.
Still further, after the step (d), the method further comprises:
(e) according to the distance from the base station, each sector is divided into a plurality of coverage areas with the same number of sub-channel groups as the number of the sub-channel groups actually used by the sector, and the sub-channel groups in use in each sector are sequentially distributed from outside to inside according to the priority ranking.
Further, the method is adopted for the coverage of the sub-channels in the same sub-channel group: each subchannel covers the same area.
Further, the method is adopted for the coverage of the sub-channels in the same sub-channel group:
and further dividing sub-areas in a coverage area according to the size of the traffic and the distance from the base station, and dividing the sub-areas according to the actually used priority.
Furthermore, according to different requirements of different components in the frame of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system, separate sub-channel planning is respectively carried out on the components.
Compared with the prior art, the method provided by the invention can plan the sub-channel according to the dynamic changes of the capacity and the coverage, realizes the dynamic planning of the sub-channel, is simple to realize, and does not need to reconfigure the network when the service and the capacity change.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a diagram of a frequency reuse pattern of an OFDMA system (N-4 and S-3) according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the system of FIG. 1 with 1 set of subchannel groups allocated per sector;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the allocation of 2 groups of subchannel sets per sector in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of the present invention in which 4 groups of subchannel sets are allocated per sector;
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the actually allocated sub-channel groups per sector according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of temporarily borrowing a group of subchannel blocks from an adjacent low traffic sector by a high traffic sector of the same base station in the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of temporarily and respectively borrowing a group of subchannel groups from two adjacent low traffic sectors by a high traffic sector of the same base station in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating the distribution of sub-channel group coverage when each sector of a base station uses a group of sub-channel groups according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram illustrating the distribution of the coverage of two sub-channel groups when each sector of the base station uses two sub-channel groups according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating the distribution of sub-channel group coverage when three sub-channel groups are used by each sector of a base station in the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 11 is a schematic diagram illustrating allocation of sub-channel group coverage when each sector of the base station uses four sub-channel groups according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the following drawings and specific examples, which are not intended to limit the invention thereto.
Fig. 1 shows a frequency reuse pattern diagram of an OFDMA system, in which there are 4 clusters, which are respectively labeled as A, B, C, D; each cluster has 4 base stations, i.e. N is 4, and each base station is marked as B1、B2、B3、B4Each base station has 3 sectors, i.e. S is 3, which is respectively denoted as Si，1、Si，2、Si，3(i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 4); the frequency planning method of the system comprises the following steps:
firstly, allocating the 1 st group of sub-channel groups to each sector of the base station in the cluster, and setting the priority of the sub-channel groups.
Each sector is allocated with the 1 st group of subchannels, so that the available spectrum resources are divided into N × S12 groups of subchannels, which are numbered as 1, 2, … …, and 12, respectively. The subchannel groups are assigned according to numbers, and the results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 group 1 subchannel group assignment table
As can be seen from table 1, this is a conventional (4 base stations × 3 sectors) multiplexing mode, each sector is allocated 1 group of subchannel groups, and all inter-sector subchannel groups are not repeated. The subchannel group numbers of sectors of the same base station are different by 4. And setting the priority level of each group of sub-channel groups allocated this time as the highest level, and recording the priority level as level 1. At this time, a schematic diagram of the allocation of the subchannel groups is shown in fig. 2.
And secondly, allocating the sub-channel group of the 2 nd group in the cell and setting the priority of the sub-channel group.
And 2, allocating the group 2 sub-channels to each sector, wherein the allocation method comprises the following steps:
since the group 2 subchannel set is a secondary multiplexing of the group 1 subchannel set in the cluster, the multiplexing distance is lower than that of the group 1, and the use priority is arranged behind the group 1. The reuse pattern for the group of subchannels 2 per sector is shown in table 2, the groups of subchannels in a sector are prioritized and separated by "/", and the assignment of subchannels this time is schematically shown in fig. 3.
Table 2 group assignment table for 2 groups of subchannels per sector
And thirdly, allocating the 3 rd and 4 th groups of sub-channel groups in the cell and setting the priority of the sub-channel groups.
And 3, performing group distribution of 3 rd and 4 th groups of sub-channels on each sector, wherein the distribution method comprises the following steps:
since the 3 rd and 4 th groups of sub-channel groups are re-multiplexed in the 1 st and 2 nd groups of sub-channel groups in the cluster, the multiplexing distance is lower than that of the 1 st and 2 nd groups, the priority of the 4 th group is lower than that of the 3 rd group after the 1 st and 2 nd groups. The assignment of this sub-group of sub-channels is shown in table 3. After multiplexing is completed, each sector has 4 groups of available subchannels, the subchannel group allocation diagram of each sector is shown in fig. 4, and carriers in the sector are sorted by priority and separated by "/":
table 3 subchannel set allocation table of 3, 4 sets per sector
As can be seen from table 3, the 4 sets of sub-channel groups allocated by the same sector number of each base station are the same, but are different in the priority ranking. If groups of subchannels in the same sector are used randomly without any order, severe overlapping of groups of subchannels may occur, increasing the degree of interference. In the allocation method, the priority is introduced, so that the multiplexing degree can be changed along with the dynamic change of the capacity, and the interference degree is reduced.
And fourthly, gradually allocating the sub-channel groups according to the priority order of the sub-channel groups according to the traffic volume requirement of each sector.
One point is explained: in this step, the order of use of the subchannels in the same subchannel group may be (1) used randomly; (2) the sub-channels are used in the order of their numbers from large to small or from small to large. The order of use is predetermined.
From the above description it can be seen that: in the frequency planning method of the OFDMA system, because the distribution of the sub-channel groups is carried out according to the priority sequence, and the priorities of the same sub-channel group numbers in different sectors are different, the probability that the carrier frequencies used by the base stations in different sectors are the same is greatly reduced, the co-channel interference degree can be effectively reduced, the requirement of the change of the traffic volume is met, and the coverage quality can be ensured.
In the above embodiment, the method is applied to frequency planning of an OFDMA system in which the number of base stations in a cluster N is 4 and the number of sectors S is 3, and the method can be generalized and applied to frequency planning of an OFDMA system in which the number of base stations in any cluster N and the number of sectors S. The points to be explained are: the assignment of subchannel groups among sectors of a base station in a cluster needs to be repeated for a plurality of times until the number of subchannel groups assigned in each sector is N, and the subchannel group newly assigned in the sector is determined as follows: when the number of the sub-channel groups already allocated in each sector of each base station is 0, respectively allocating a group of mutually different sub-channel groups to each sector of each base station; when the number of the sub-channel groups which are already distributed in each sector of each base station is less than N, the distribution is carried out according to the following method: sectors in the ith base station (i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N) respectively multiplex subchannel groups which are already allocated by sectors with the same number in the ith base station (h is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N, h is not equal to i, and the subchannel groups of the h base station are never multiplexed to the ith base station). The prioritization among the newly multiplexed groups of subchannels is unchanged, but the priorities are behind those groups of subchannels that have already been allocated. When the sub-channel group is allocated, if the newly allocated sub-channel group is overlapped with the allocated sub-channel group, the sub-channel group is not added into the sub-channel group allocated to the sector.
To explain a point again: in other embodiments, if the number of subchannels is M and is denoted as SC in OFDMA systems with N base stations and S sectors in any cluster1，SC2，...，SCMThe M sub-channels are divided into N × S groups, and the number L of sub-channels in each sub-channel group is
Represents the largest integer no greater than x, and is in accordance with 1, 2The row subchannel group number, subchannel group i ═ SC(i-1)×L+1，SC(i-1)×L+2，...，SCi×LAnd (1 ≦ i ≦ NxS). Thus, there are also M-lxnxs subchannels not allocated into the group of subchannels, which may be used for high traffic base station capacity expansion, indoor coverage, or other purposes.
In the frequency planning method, other auxiliary methods can be further added, so that the frequency planning method is wider in application range and better in effect.
Temporary borrowing of sub-channel group between sectors of same base station
As shown in fig. 5, when the traffic of sector 1 of a certain base station is large, sector 1 uses 2 groups of subchannel groups, and the number of the subchannel group is: 1/2, the traffic for sector 2 and sector 3 is now small, using only 1 set of subchannel sets, with sector 2 using the subchannel set numbered 5 and sector 3 using the subchannel set numbered 9.
When the traffic of sector 1 gradually increases and group 3 subchannel set needs to be added, if the traffic of other two sectors does not change obviously, group 3 of priority subchannel set 3 should be activated according to the frequency planning method described above. Whereas both sector 2 and sector 3 priority subchannel sets 6 and 10 are unused, the use of the priority 2 subchannel set results in less interference than the use of the priority 3 subchannel set. So sector 1 can temporarily borrow the 2 nd priority idle subchannel set 6 from sector 2 at this time, and the subchannel set allocation diagram of this base station is shown in fig. 6.
When the traffic of sector 1 continues to increase and the 4 th group of sub-channel groups needs to be added, if the traffic of the other two sectors still does not change obviously, then sector 1 can temporarily borrow the 2 nd priority idle sub-channel group 10 from sector 3, and the sub-channel group allocation diagram of the base station is shown in fig. 7.
According to the description of the implementation method, it can be known that the introduction of the priority of the subchannel group realizes that the multiplexing degree dynamically changes along with the capacity, and the dynamic change of the network capacity is adapted, and the temporary borrowing method of the subchannel group enhances the adaptability to the uneven capacity distribution among different sectors in the base station and the adaptability to the severe change of the sector service.
Dynamic allocation of subchannel group coverage
Because the multiplexing degree of different priority subchannel groups in each sector is different, the interference degree is also different. Therefore, in order to improve the multiplexing distance of the low-priority subchannel group, the subchannel group coverage can be dynamically allocated.
According to the number n of the sub-channel groups in use in the sector and the distance from the base station, the sector can be divided into n strip-shaped areas with the same number as the number of the sub-channel groups actually used by the sector, the coverage areas are distributed from outside to inside in sequence according to the priority from high to low, the sub-channel group with high priority covers the outer circle area of the sector, and the sub-channel group with low priority covers the inner circle area of the sector. The multiplexing distance of the low-priority subchannel group is small, a short-distance coverage area is allocated, the working power is reduced, the interference degree is reduced, and the coverage quality is improved.
Two methods are provided for the coverage of the sub-channels in the same sub-channel group: (1) the same coverage method, namely: each sub-channel covers the same area; (2) different coverage methods, that is, sub-regions are further divided according to the distance from the base station in the coverage area, and the sub-regions are divided according to the actually used priority.
When the traffic changes and the used number of the sub-channel group needs to be adjusted, the coverage area of the used sub-channel group is adjusted correspondingly.
How the coverage is dynamically adjusted is further described below by taking the base station 1 in the system with N-4 and S-3 as an example:
as shown in fig. 8, each sector of the base station uses a group of sub-channel groups according to the traffic requirement, and the coverage area is the whole sector;
as shown in fig. 9, each sector of the base station needs to use two sets of sub-channel groups according to the traffic requirement, and each sector is also divided into an inner area and an outer area. High priority subchannel groups 1, 5, 9 cover the respective sector outer regions, and low priority subchannel groups 2, 6, 10 cover the respective sector outer regions;
as shown in fig. 10, each sector of the base station needs to use three groups of sub-channels according to the traffic requirement, and each sector is divided into three areas, i.e., an inner area, a middle area and an outer area. High priority subchannel groups 1, 5 and 9 cover the outer area of each sector, the 2 nd priority subchannel groups 2, 6 and 10 cover the middle area of each sector, and the 3 rd priority subchannel groups 3, 7 and 11 cover the inner area of each sector;
as shown in fig. 11, each sector uses four groups of sub-channels according to the traffic demand, each sector is divided into four regions according to the distance from the base station, and is correspondingly divided into sub-channel groups with different priorities.
One point to be pointed out is: the embodiments of the present invention are described using OFDMA as an example, but the method of the present invention is also applicable to other OFDM systems.
It can be seen from the above embodiments that the OFDMA system planning method provided by the present invention supports dynamic change of the subchannel group multiplexing degree with the system capacity, has less co-channel interference, and is simple to implement, for the entire network, the frequency planning can be implemented in one step, the adaptability to the dynamic change of the coverage and capacity is strong, and the network does not need to be reconfigured when the service and capacity of the network change.
What is also to be explained about the invention is that: the OFDMA frame is divided into an uplink frame and a downlink frame, the frame in each direction can be divided into two parts, namely a user data symbol and a system overhead symbol, and the system overhead symbol can be further subdivided. For example, the IEEE802.16 e OFDMA downlink frame consists of a long Preamble, FCH, DL-MAP, UL-MAP, and a downlink Burst DL Burst, where the downlink Burst DL Burst is used to send user data, and other parts all belong to system overhead; the IEEE802.16 e OFDMA uplink frame comprises a Ranging subchannel, an uplink Burst DL Burst and the like, wherein the downlink Burst DL Burst is used for transmitting user data, and other parts belong to system overhead.
In the OFDMA system, the uplink user data symbol and the downlink user data symbol of the subchannel can adopt the same or different subchannel planning modes, and each part of the system overhead can also adopt different subchannel planning modes according to the use, namely according to different requirements of different component parts in the OFDMA system frame, the parts can be respectively subjected to independent subchannel planning according to the method provided by the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for planning sub-channels of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system comprises the following steps:
(a) determining the number N of base stations in a cluster, wherein each base station is divided into S sectors;
(b) determining N sub-channel groups multiplexed by each sector in a cluster, and determining the priority of the sub-channel groups in the corresponding sectors, wherein the priority of the same sub-channel group in different sectors of the same base station is different;
(c) distributing usable sub-channel groups according to the actual traffic of each sector and the priority order; wherein,
the step (b) of determining the N subchannel groups multiplexed by each sector in the cluster is implemented as follows:
when the number of the sub-channel groups already allocated in each sector in the cluster is 0, the allocation is performed according to the following method:
respectively allocating a group of different sub-channel groups for each sector in the cluster;
when the number of the sub-channel groups which are already distributed in each sector in the cluster is less than N, the distribution is carried out according to the following method:
each sector in the ith base station respectively multiplexes the sub-channel groups which are already distributed by the sectors with the same number of the h base station; wherein i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N, h is not equal to i, and the sub-channel group of the h base station is never multiplexed to the i base station;
and (c) determining the priority of the sub-channel group in the corresponding sector according to the sequence of the sub-channel groups distributed to the sector.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the group of subchannels is partitioned by:
when the total number of sub-channels in the ofdm system is M, the M sub-channels are averagely divided into nxs groups of sub-channel groups, where the number L of sub-channels in each sub-channel group is:
3. the method of claim 1, wherein step (c) further comprises:
the order of use for the subchannels within the same subchannel group is either random use or in a predetermined subchannel numbering order.
4. The method of claim 1, further comprising, after step (c):
(d) when one sector subchannel set is not enough to provide data transmission capacity, and other sectors still have a subchannel set which is free and has the same priority as the lowest priority in the used subchannel set, the free subchannel set is called, and the priority of the called subchannel set is not changed, but is set to be used after the subchannel set with the same priority in the sector.
5. The method of claim 4, further comprising, after step (d):
(e) according to the distance from the base station, each sector is divided into a plurality of coverage areas with the same number of sub-channel groups as the number of the sub-channel groups actually used by the sector, and the sub-channel groups in use in each sector are sequentially distributed from outside to inside according to the priority ranking.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the method is employed for subchannel coverage within the same subchannel group: each subchannel covers the same area.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein the method is employed for subchannel coverage within the same subchannel group:
and further dividing sub-areas in a coverage area according to the size of the traffic and the distance from the base station, and dividing the sub-areas according to the actually used priority.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the portions are separately sub-channel planned according to different requirements of different components in an ofdm frame.
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| CN1797967A (en) * | 2004-12-24 | 2006-07-05 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Send receive system in multicarrier based on shared channel, and implement method |
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