CN101201368A - Wide band Kelvin double bridge as well as measurement method, autonomous system as well as method and application - Google Patents
Wide band Kelvin double bridge as well as measurement method, autonomous system as well as method and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN101201368A CN101201368A CNA2007103037192A CN200710303719A CN101201368A CN 101201368 A CN101201368 A CN 101201368A CN A2007103037192 A CNA2007103037192 A CN A2007103037192A CN 200710303719 A CN200710303719 A CN 200710303719A CN 101201368 A CN101201368 A CN 101201368A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a broadband Kelvin double electric bridge and a measurement method thereof, an automatic control system, a method and application thereof. A 1k Omega double-helical type resistance of difference of the alternate-current and direct-current is utilized to be a proportional element for the electric bridge, the electric bridge adopts the total arrangement of the electric bridge with the cross shape, therefore the comparing measurement of the electric bridge is utilized to calculate the resistance with the same nominal resistance in the wide range of direct-current to 100kHz. The electric bridge is utilized to calculate the resistance according to the difference of the double-helical alternate-current and direct-current between the electric bridge and five resistance measurement values of 1 Omega, 10 Omega, 100 Omega, 1k Omega, 10k Omega, the difference of the alternate-current and direct-current of Tinsley5685 type resistance on the five widely applied measurement values of 1 Omega, 10 Omega, 100 Omega, 1k Omega, 10k Omega are measured. The Tinsley5685 type resistance with the five measurement values can be utilized in the calibration of the resistance of the alternate current.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to a kind of a kind of standard measurement equipment and method thereof in metering process, relate in particular to a kind of wideband Kelvin double bridge and measuring method, robot control system(RCS) and methods and applications, is the accurate AC resistance of a kind of conduct ratio measurer relatively.
Background technology:
Voltage standard and resistance standard are two kinds of main standard of electromagnetic measurement.In principle, as long as this two kinds of standards have been arranged, other electromagnetic quantities standard can derive from these two kinds of standards.Therefore, voltage standard and the resistance standard of setting up stable pin-point accuracy is of paramount importance content in the electromagnetic measurement scientific research task.
The second half in 19th century, various countries set up classical resistance standard to 20 th Century.Classical resistance standard is some resistance coils.After in a single day these coils are made, always have some uppity physics, chemical process and make its characteristic take place to change slowly, thereby the value that they are preserved also can change to some extent.On the other hand, the classical resistance standard whole world of highest ranking has only a cover, in case owing to the damage that meets accident of natural disaster, war or other reason, just can't duplicate out fully the samely, originally the unit value of preserving continuously also can therefore interrupt.At these problems, the second half in 20th century has begun to utilize the achievement of quantum physics to develop the effort of quantum measurement standard in the world, and has obtained considerable success.For unit of resistance, the great discovery according to roentgen Feng Keli green grass or young crops in the eighties in 20th century has been developed into quantization Hall resistance standard.Recommend through CIPM, rise January 1 nineteen ninety and worldwide enable quantization Hall resistance standard and replace having used the resistance material standard of decades.China has also built up quantization Hall resistance standard in 2004.
After quantization Hall resistance standard was built up, all electrical impedance comprised that the value of direct current resistance, AC resistance, electric capacity, inductance, mutual inductance etc. all need be traceable to the quantization Hall resistance, to guarantee the consistance of electricity measurement standard system.Because the value of quantization Hall resistance standard itself is exactly a kind of value of direct current resistance, so tracing to the source of direct current resistance solves than being easier to.But AC resistance, electric capacity, inductance, these several impedances of mutual inductance are all used under exchange status.In order to make these several AC impedance can be traceable to dc resistance, need a kind of measurer that can accurately get in touch direct current resistance and AC impedance value.Here it is " but AC and DC difference calculated resistance ".On the one hand, the direct current resistance of this resistance can be traced to the source to the quantization Hall resistance, and on the other hand, the alternating current resistance of this resistance and the difference of its dc resistance can accurately be calculated.Therefore, this resistance is added poor by the AC and DC resistance value that calculates to the quantization Hall resistance resulting direct current resistance of tracing to the source, just can obtain being traceable to the alternating current resistance of quantization Hall resistance, thereby finish the process that alternating current resistance vector Hall resistance is traced to the source.By suitable alternating current bridge method, can finish the process that all AC impedance are traced to the source to the quantization Hall resistance to of the value transition of alternating current resistance again again to electric capacity, inductance, these AC impedance of mutual inductance.From the above mentioned as seen, " but AC and DC difference calculated resistance " is all core link of AC impedance in the process that the quantization Hall resistance is traced to the source.
Except AC impedance in the process that the quantization Hall resistance is traced to the source " but AC and DC difference calculated resistance " is being played an important role, setting up the AC resistance standard also is very important for aspects such as power industry, electronics industry, instrument and meter industries.In the above-mentioned practical matter of major part, resistance device is used for exchanging and high-frequency circuit.Because the series of factors such as loss of the skin effect in the stray inductance in the resistance device, electric capacity, the lead, proximity effect, surrounding medium, the impedance real part of resistive element and be not equal to resistance value under the dc state in the alternating circuit.The resistance value of this resistance device under dc state can not be copied simply mechanically so exchange the value of measuring resistance, the needs that " AC resistance standard " adapts to real work should be directly set up.Using " but AC and DC difference calculated resistance " just can derive the standard value of AC resistance from the direct current resistance standard value of being traceable to the quantization Hall resistance.
But " but AC and DC difference calculated resistance " is a kind of very valuable equipment, generally can not use easily.Normally its resistance value is delivered to some commodity and exchanges measuring resistance, carry out actual calibration operation with working stamndard again as working stamndard.On the other hand, " but AC and DC difference calculated resistance " but be a kind of calculated resistance, resistance wire will be according to specific mode coiling, it is regular making electromagnetic field around the resistance distribute, thereby the AC and DC conversion that can calculate resistance exactly is poor." but AC and DC difference calculated resistance " of for example abroad delivering usually is designed to the state that one or a few superfine resistance wire is hanging, and makes very difficult.Bigger problem is that such resistance stability is very poor, particularly a little less than the resistivity to physical shock, one moves resistance value and will change slightly.The interchange measuring resistance of using in the actual calibration operation then often need change wiring or move, and " but AC and DC difference calculated resistance " obviously is not suitable for using in actual calibration operation.And exchange measuring resistance as the commodity of working stamndard, and low price, stability is fine, and just inner electromagnetic field is very complicated, and its AC and DC difference is difficult to calculate, and therefore the resistance value under exchange status does not know for sure.Generally need commodity to be exchanged measuring resistance and compare, obtain commodity and exchange the resistance value of measuring resistance under exchange status with " but AC and DC difference calculated resistance " with electric bridge.Then, such commodity exchange the calibration operation that measuring resistance just can be used for reality.
From the above mentioned, be to be sought after in the real work to exchange the electric bridge that measuring resistance compares with commercialization as " but AC and DC difference calculated resistance " of the basis of calculation as working stamndard.The main difficulty that electric bridge ran into that is designed for this kind purpose is the working band problem.Modern calibration operation need reach the broad range from the direct current to 100kHz as the working band of the interchange measuring resistance of working stamndard.Therefore be used for comparison " but AC and DC difference calculated resistance " exchange with commodity measuring resistance electric bridge working band also need expand to 100kHz from direct current always.But the broad like this electric bridge of working band is difficult to design and makes, and does not see as yet in the literature at present.External generally is in several frequency ranges " but AC and DC difference calculated resistance " to be exchanged measuring resistance with commercialization respectively with several different electric bridges to compare.These several frequency ranges overlap, and total working frequency range just can reach from the direct current to 100kHz.
Be used for comparison " but AC and DC difference calculated resistance " in the prior art and mainly contain two types with the commercial electric bridge that exchanges measuring resistance.First kind is classical Kelvin double bridge.This electric bridge uses direct current or AC resistance as ratio arms, can solve the problems of measurement of four accurate terminal resistance well.Is the good stability of direct current resistance with direct current resistance as the advantage of ratio arms, so the measurement result of electric bridge also has the advantage of good stability.Subject matter is that the AC and DC error of direct current resistance is big, is used in exchange status following time can bring a lot of problems.As use AC resistance instead as ratio arms, just can expand to several kHz to frequency of operation.But the stability of AC resistance is more less better than direct current resistance, so still have its purposes with direct current resistance as the electric bridge of ratio arms.But be used for just must having done ratio arms with AC resistance when comparison " but AC and DC difference calculated resistance " exchanges measuring resistance with commercialization, the working frequency range that cover this moment is to several kHz from direct current.
For AC frequency band, transformer bridges is a kind of more outstanding electric bridge.Ratio accuracy height, good stability.The shortcoming of transformer bridges is that working band is narrower.Under direct current, can not work at all, also very difficult with the frequency range that a transformer bridges all covers from tens Hz to tens kHz, generally need do two or three transformer bridgess.The umber of turn difference of each frame, working frequency range is also along with difference.The number of turn more for a long time working frequency range be tens Hz to hundreds of Hz, the number of turn more after a little while working frequency range for hundreds of Hz to several kHz.The number of turn then can cover the frequency range of several kHz to tens kHz seldom the time, even reaches 100kHz.
From the above, the present technology of prior art need can cover working frequency range from the direct current to 100kHz with three to four electric bridges.Such way is troublesome poeration not only, bigger problem is that " but AC and DC difference calculated resistance " and commercialization are exchanged the measuring resistance changing-over to several different electric bridges the time, be easy to " but AC and DC difference calculated resistance " caused physical shock, cause the variation of its resistance, influenced the accuracy of comparison result.If can design and produce the electric bridge that an energy is worked in the broad range from the direct current to 100kHz, just avoid above-mentioned resistance changing-over problem, the accuracy of comparative result and reliability also just increase greatly.The electric bridge that design and making working frequency range cover the broad range from the direct current to 100kHz is exactly a content of the present invention.
Summary of the invention:
The present invention has designed and has made the electric bridge of working frequency range for the broad range from the direct current to 100kHz in order to solve the technical matters of above-mentioned existence,
One of the present invention has designed a kind of wideband Kelvin double bridge, and design feature is to comprise double bridge two Comparative Examples arm resistance, measuring resistance and testing resistance, and power supply and zero indicator,
Especially electric bridge of the present invention adopts the crux structure: the crux structure comprises center connecting plate, and described center connecting plate is used for being connected with each electric bridge assembly, and described center connecting plate is arranged on the center of crux structure;
Described power supply is arranged on the cross head of crux structure electric bridge, and promptly described power supply constitutes the upper arm of crux electric bridge, and the output signal of power supply outputs on the electric bridge with twisted-pair feeder;
Two arms about two outer arm resistance formation crux electric bridges of described wideband Kelvin double bridge; Two inner arm resistance of described wideband Kelvin double bridge constitute the underarm of crux electric bridge;
Described measuring resistance and testing resistance are arranged on the top of two arms about described crux electric bridge, and two resistance are vertical with the cross plane;
Described zero indicator is arranged on the crux structural outer, and described zero indicator is connected with described center connecting plate.
For the working frequency range of wideband Kelvin double bridge being expanded to the broad range from the direct current to 100kHz,
But the present invention has adopted four ratio arms with 1k Ω bipitch type AC and DC difference calculated resistance, is used to expand the working frequency range of electric bridge from the direct current to 100kHz; Because bipitch type AC and DC resistance value difference is especially little under different frequency, the uncertainty of resistance value AC and DC difference is the 10-7 magnitude in the broad range from the direct current to 100kHz, and the good stability of resistance value, various indexs all are better than same quasi-resistance of the prior art.Therefore, but with the ratio arms (see figure 2) of bipitch type AC and DC difference calculated resistance, just might expand to broad range from the direct current to 100kHz to the working frequency range of Kelvin double bridge as Kelvin double bridge.
But the resistance wire of described bipitch type AC and DC difference calculated resistance in the helix mode on the extremely low teflon cylinder frame of dielectric loss, around behind the end again back-roll go back, form the bipitch structure of double thread formula.It is 200710178909 technical scheme that concrete structure is asked for an interview application number.
In order to overcome extraneous electromagnetic interference (EMI), the crux structure of described wideband Kelvin double bridge is arranged in the metallic copper shielded box, is used to carry out equivalent potential screen.Adopt the minimum balanced type self-control oscillator of stray capacitance over the ground to make power supply, and, set up the Warner earthing device, to bridge diagram whole implementation shielding protection through adding the direct electrical link of optically-coupled spacer assembly deenergization and zero indicator.
In order to overcome interference, described zero indicator is arranged on the crux structural outer, and described zero indicator is digital lock-in amplifier SR830; It is connected with described center connecting plate with one section aerial ladder shape lead by the concentric cable that is omnidirectional structure; So-called omnidirectional structure is meant some such line constructions, and the magnetic field of electric current wherein is limited in certain space, external radia magnetic field not, and therefore, such structure and the mutual inductance in other loop are zero.According to reciprocal theorem, the magnetic field in other loops can not produce the loop of omnidirectional structure yet and disturb.
Around the plug of the signal input part that concentric cable links to each other with lock-in amplifier SR830, the coiling several layers has the polyethylene film of insulating property, at polyethylene film skin copper sheet around the home; Copper sheet is linked to each other with the inner conductor of described metallic copper shielded box to form equivalent potential screen, be used to suppress the electromagnetic interference (EMI) of outer bound pair lock-in amplifier SR830 voltage input end.
In concrete bridge structure, the material of described center connecting plate is the little polytetrafluoroethylmaterial material of dielectric loss, being connected all between center connecting plate and described two Comparative Examples arm resistance, measuring resistance and the measured resistance realizes by eight brass bolts that are fixed on the center connecting plate, and the heart yearn that adopts concentric cable is used to expand the frequency scope of application of electric bridge as connecting lead; The heart yearn that adopts concentric cable is because if adopt concentric cable to do connecting line, so the time greater than 10kHz, the stray capacitance that produces between the heart yearn of this cable and the rubber-insulated wire will be introduced bigger error to electric bridge, has therefore only adopted the heart yearn with certain rigidity as connecting line.Referring to Fig. 5, the heart yearn of its standard coaxial cable couples together eight brass bolts on the center connecting plate and other parts of electric bridge as for the annexation of heart yearn and center connecting plate.
Described power supply is a battery-powered compact electric bridge AC and DC double-purpose electric source, and output signal outputs on the electric bridge by twisted-pair feeder.
In the prior art, in order to pursue attractive in appearance, compact effect, the various lines in the electric bridge are often tied up one by one, are connected to each other with oversensitive edge connector again.Such bridge arrangement and bus connection method make the line of electric bridge each several part become longer, and coupling each other is also very big.When the higher operational frequency of tens kHz, can cause very big error to measurement result.And electric bridge only is used for comparison with the nominal value precision resistance among the present invention.In order further to reduce the frequency of operation error that the parasitic parameter of connecting line causes when higher, the total arrangement of electric bridge becomes " crux ".The cross section of cross is a very little electric bridge center element (see figure 2).Each working portion of electric bridge is all received on the center element with the heart yearn of very short concentric cable.Like this, it is the shortest that the connecting line between the electric bridge each several part can be reduced to, when higher operational frequency since the error that causes also just reduced greatly.
The present invention's two is a kind of electricity transposition measuring method of wideband Kelvin double bridge.
Because the ratio arms of wideband Kelvin bridge is made of bipitch type calculated resistance element, but this type of electrical
The long-time stability of resistance element are not high, can change along with factor such as temperature, stress, can drift about in time yet, and can decide the ratio arm ratio with turn ratio unlike current comparator, can reach very high ratio accuracy.And in the actual measurement, be as measuring resistance R with the good bipitch type of frequency characteristic calculated resistance
nMeasure identical nominal value measured resistance R
xAC and DC poor, in fact only carry out the comparison of 1: 1 same nominal value resistance.Therefore, can adopt the exchange standard resistance R
nWith measured resistance R
xThe method of position is eliminated because of the not too accurate error of bringing of ratio arms ratio.But under exchange status, the physical location of exchange standard resistance and measured resistance can cause the change of two resistance line locus, thereby can introduce new ratio uncertainty undoubtedly.Thereby the method can not thoroughly be eliminated proportional error.
In order to address this problem, adopt in a kind of described method of electricity transposition measuring method of wideband Kelvin double bridge,
I. with two Comparative Examples arm resistance, promptly inside and outside arm resistance and measuring resistance R
n, measured resistance R
x, working power, each bridge element of zero indicator be connected on the center connecting plate;
Ii. for eliminating, adopt the exchange standard resistance R because of the inaccurate error of bringing of ratio arms ratio
nWith measured resistance R
xThe method of position is eliminated error;
Iii. the measuring resistance R that will be connected with center connecting plate
nWith measured resistance R
xConnection is changed in four wiring, realizes measuring resistance R
nWith measured resistance R
xElectric position intercourse.
The geometric position of each parts of this method electric bridge and the line of each root from parts to the center connecting plate is all without any change, therefore the error effect that can not estimate of also just having avoided exchange resistance position to cause has preferably also just reduced because measuring resistance R as much as possible
nWith measured resistance R
xTransposition and cause the variation of electric bridge ratio.
The present invention's three, a kind of measuring system of remote auto control of wideband Kelvin double bridge.
, therefore need to place the environment of constant temperature and humidity by its wideband Kelvin bridge system that constitutes because but the temperature coefficient of the bipitch type AC and DC difference calculated resistance of being developed is relatively large.Simultaneously, the experimenter goes the manual switchover frequency frequently, adjusts each instrument setup parameter and makes a copy of data etc. if desired, can bring some imponderable artificial interferences.So designed remote automatic control measuring system to electric bridge.
This system comprises remote computer, router, controlled computer, 89C52 single-chip microcomputer, light isolation transmission device (seeing the device of being made up of optical transmitting set, one section optical fiber and optical receiver among Fig. 7 and Fig. 8), GPIB card, USB interface and wideband Kelvin double bridge, and described each parts are arranged in the thermostatic constant wet chamber; Under the interchange condition, controlled computer is controlled in real time fully by router by remote computer, subsequently the 89C52 single-chip computer control system is sent the frequency switching command, be sent to the frequency switched system of being made up of 2 shift register 74LS164 and 16 groups of midget relaies via the light isolation transmission device and realize the long-range switching of 14 frequencies such as 10Hz-100kHz (other 2 are the equivalent positive-negative power switching point of direct current), read the related experiment data of unbalance voltage in real time and be recorded to specified file this moment from the automatic control panel of the interchange zero indicator SR830 that opened.In addition, the reference signal under this frequency of SR830 needs is then provided by self-control AC/DC signal generator by the light isolation transmission device; Under direct current, except zero indicator control reading and positive-negative power switch, remote control communication basically identical when exchanging.The direct current zero indicator is made up of nanovolt meter N11 and digital multimeter 8508A, and after positive and negative power supply opposite, that numerical value equates was realized long-range switching, electric bridge unbalance voltage signal fed N11, reads and be recorded to specified file in real time by the 8508A automatic control panel then.
Described system is used for the parameter setting of each instrument in the real time altering system, and the various parameters of the measured Kelvin bridge unbalance voltage that obtains of zero indicator are carried out remote collection, record, data processing and printout in real time.
The present invention's four at above-mentioned robot control system(RCS), has developed automatic control method simultaneously, promptly a kind of measuring method of remote auto control of wideband Kelvin double bridge,
Described automatic control measuring method comprises the steps:
I. initialization step: remote computer and controlled computer are carried out initialization directive;
Ii. Telnet step: remote computer is logined controlled computer by router;
Iii. detect the Long-distance Control completing steps: judge whether login, realize Long-distance Control: be to enter down the step, do not return the step;
Iv. zero indicator initialization step: send the zero indicator initialization directive by controlled computer, finish the zero indicator initialization;
V. zero indicator self-correcting step: judge whether the zero indicator self-correcting is passed through: be to enter down the step, do not return the step;
Vi. change the oscillator frequency step: change oscillator frequency;
Vii. detect the oscillator frequency step: judge whether oscillator frequency is correct: be to enter down the step, do not return the step;
Viii. analyze and change zero indicator step is set: analyze remote control commands, and the various parameters of zero indicator are provided with;
Ix. detect the zero indicator parameter step is set: setting compares to parameter, judges whether rationally: be to enter down the step, do not return the step;
X. measuring process and record zero indicator data step: carry out and measure, and the zero indicator video data is carried out observed and recorded;
Xi. detect the zero indicator data stability: the data to the zero indicator that obtains are carried out judgement of stability, are to enter down the step, do not return the step;
Xii. data acquisition step: the data to this frequency are gathered, and the output record file;
Xiii. whether all detecting frequency and all measured and finish, is to enter down the step, does not return VI and goes on foot;
Xiv. data processing and drawing step;
Xv. send and store final data result and chart to the controlled computer step.
This method has realized the Long-distance Control of the measuring system that remote computer is constituted USB interface GPIB card and the Kelvin bridge by remote computer, router, controlled computer, 89C52 single-chip microcomputer, light isolation transmission device, the Agilent that are in the thermostatic constant wet chamber, and can be online the parameter setting of each instrument in the change system, and can carry out remote collection, record, data processing and printout in real time to the various parameters of the measured Kelvin bridge unbalance voltage that obtains of zero indicator.Wherein, the circuit structure block diagram when measuring automatically under direct current is seen Fig. 7, and the circuit structure block diagram of measuring automatically under exchanging is seen Fig. 8.
The present invention's five, for a kind of application of wideband Kelvin double bridge,
The wideband Kelvin double bridge is as carrying out precision resistance ratio measurer relatively in the frequency range from the direct current to 100kHz.Because but four ratio arms of double bridge adopt 1k Ω bipitch type AC and DC difference calculated resistance, the AC and DC difference of resistance value only is 10 in the frequency range from the direct current to 100kHz
-7Magnitude.Therefore the frequency of operation of double bridge covers the broad range from the direct current to 100kHz.
The principal feature of technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
1. but, the working frequency range of Kelvin double bridge is expanded to broad range from the direct current to 100kHz with the ratio arms of 1k Ω bipitch type AC and DC difference calculated resistance as Kelvin double bridge:
But the applicant of patent of the present invention has invented a kind of bipitch type AC and DC difference calculated resistance, and the AC and DC difference of resistance value is especially little under the different frequency, and the uncertainty of resistance value AC and DC difference is 10 in the broad range from the direct current to 100kHz
-7Magnitude, and the good stability of resistance value, various indexs all are better than external same quasi-resistance.Therefore, but with the ratio arms (see figure 2) of bipitch type AC and DC difference calculated resistance, just might expand to broad range from the direct current to 100kHz to the working frequency range of Kelvin double bridge as Kelvin double bridge.
2. the electric bridge total arrangement of " crux ":
In the prior art, in order to pursue attractive in appearance, compact effect, the various lines in the electric bridge are often tied up one by one, are connected to each other with oversensitive edge connector again.Such bridge arrangement and bus connection method make the line of electric bridge each several part become longer, and coupling each other is also very big.When the higher operational frequency of tens kHz, can cause very big error to measurement result.
Electric bridge only is used for the comparison with the nominal value precision resistance among the present invention.In order further to reduce the frequency of operation error that the parasitic parameter of connecting line causes when higher, the total arrangement of electric bridge becomes " crux ".The cross section of cross is a very little electric bridge center connecting plate (see figure 2).Each working portion of electric bridge is all received on the center connecting plate with the heart yearn of very short concentric cable.Like this, it is the shortest that the connecting line between the electric bridge each several part can be reduced to, when higher operational frequency since the error that causes also just reduced greatly.
Be in the working portion of each electric bridge at other position of cross, also pass through careful consideration.The cross head be a battery-driven compact ac-dc dual power supply of usefulness, the twisted-pair feeder that output signal is formed with the heart yearn of concentric cable is received on the electric bridge.Two arms of cross are the outer ratio arms resistance of two of Kelvin double bridge, but use bipitch type AC and DC difference calculated resistance.Between two outer ratio arms and between other parts of they and electric bridge bigger potential difference (PD) is arranged, the two arm places that two outer ratio arms resistance are placed on cross can increase to greatest extent between these two resistance and they and electric bridge other parts between distance, to reduce the error that stray capacitance, stray inductance produce.But the bottom of cross is two bipitch type AC and DC difference calculated resistance as two interior ratio arms of Kelvin double bridge.These two ohmically potential difference (PD) are very little, and the electric current that passes through on the resistance is also very little, so the error that stray capacitance, stray inductance produce is also very little, and they are not put together and can have problems.But the intercoupling of they and electric bridge other parts still can produce error, and the bottom that they are placed on cross also is in order to enlarge the distance of they and electric bridge other parts, to reduce the influence of intercoupling as far as possible.Two resistance that are compared are placed on the below of two shoulders of cross, with the vertical (see figure 3) in cross plane.Such layout also be for enlarge these two resistance each other and and the electric bridge each several part between distance, reduce the influence of intercoupling.
In the composition of wideband Kelvin bridge, exchanging zero indicator---digital lock-in amplifier SR830 volume is placed on the outside of whole metallic shield case greatly, it is directly to adopt concentric cable to be connected with the connection of center connecting plate, but need in this manner BNC socket is contained on the central plate, the cable sheath of this socket itself and connection can bring interference to other line so, and then influences last bridge measurement accuracy.For this reason, specialized designs the aerial ladder shape lead (see figure 4) of 10 centimeters of a kind of length overalls of forming by two copper wires with certain rigidity and tens short and small teflon rods.One end of this lead is inserted into the brass bolt of center element, and the other end is welded to the BNC socket that is contained in another piece polyfluortetraethylene plate center of setting up, and then is connected to the interchange zero indicator with short concentric cable.Can weaken the influence of power frequency interference so better to electric bridge unbalance voltage signal.
Simultaneously, around the coaxial cable plug that inserts the SR830 input end, locate, again coiling which floor good insulation preformance polyethylene film and add scale copper at skin again, simultaneously copper sheet is linked to each other with the inner conductor of shielded box with the formation equivalent potential screen.The electromagnetic interference (EMI) that can suppress outer bound pair SR830 voltage input end so very effectively.
The center connecting plate of wideband Kelvin bridge is one to be made by the minimum polytetrafluoroethylmaterial material of dielectric loss, and it is of a size of 80mm * 80mm * 5mm.Because four ratio arms resistance of electric bridge are to be cross structure to distribute, therefore eight brass bolts with through hole (see figure 5) that also will be symmetrically distributed.The through hole that the connecting line of measured resistance and measuring resistance and center connecting plate then needs to pass support column is fixed strengthening.In addition, all connecting line heart yearn of being concentric cable is formed.
3., therefore need to place the environment of constant temperature and humidity by its wideband Kelvin bridge system that constitutes because but the temperature coefficient of the bipitch type AC and DC difference calculated resistance of being developed is relatively large.Simultaneously, the experimenter removes switching frequency frequently, adjusts each instrument setup parameter and makes a copy of data etc. if desired, can bring some imponderable artificial interferences.Therefore, adopt Labview 7.1 and VB language to carry out software programming, realized the Long-distance Control of the measuring system that remote computer is constituted USB interface GPIB card and the Kelvin bridge by remote computer, router, controlled computer, 89C52 single-chip microcomputer, light isolation transmission device, the Agilent that are in the thermostatic constant wet chamber, and can be online the parameter setting of each instrument in the change system, and can carry out remote collection, record, data processing and printout in real time to the various parameters of the measured Kelvin bridge unbalance voltage that obtains of zero indicator.Wherein, the circuit structure block diagram when measuring automatically under direct current is seen Fig. 7, and the circuit structure block diagram of measuring automatically under exchanging is seen Fig. 8.
In fact, the hardware of the measurement of the Long-distance Control under the AC and DC is formed the difference that difference only is zero indicator.Therefore, hardware block diagram and software flow pattern basically identical under two kinds of situations are respectively Fig. 9 and shown in Figure 10.Remote computer in two figure and controlled computer all are connected a broadband router by netting twine, and then obtain independently implicit IP address respectively, the former can enter the latter and obtain the latter's all operations authority by telnet then, thereby realizes the Long-distance Control to the latter.
When the wideband Kelvin bridge is measured, remote computer can be monitored unbalance voltage data on it in real time by the zero indicator Control Software that adopts Labview 7.1 to write, and various parameters that can online change zero indicator are to obtain stable data; After the measurement of finishing certain frequency, also can change the supply frequency of Kelvin bridge, and then finish the measurement under this frequency by the self-control oscillator frequency changeover program that adopts the VB language compilation; After the measurement of finishing all frequency places, the data processing software of writing can be finished the overall treatment of all measurement data, and result and chart are stored as a file are back to controlled computer, is come out by printer prints at last.What be necessary to propose a bit is, when carrying out direct current measurement, needs to change zero indicator, only need this moment input end with the direct current zero indicator link to each other and get final product with center connecting plate, whole measuring process with exchange down in full accord.
4. the ratio arms of Kelvin bridge is made of bipitch type calculated resistance element, but the long-time stability of this type of electrical resistance element are not high, can change along with factor such as temperature, stress, also can drift about in time, and can decide the ratio arm ratio with turn ratio unlike current comparator, can reach very high ratio accuracy.And in the actual measurement, be as measuring resistance R with the good bipitch type of frequency characteristic calculated resistance
nMeasure identical nominal value measured resistance R
xAC and DC poor, in fact only carry out the comparison of 1: 1 same nominal value resistance.Therefore, can adopt the exchange standard resistance R
nWith measured resistance R
xThe method of position is eliminated because of the not too accurate error of bringing of ratio arms ratio.But under exchange status, the position of exchange standard resistance and measured resistance can cause the change of two resistance line locus, thereby can introduce new ratio uncertainty undoubtedly.Thereby the method can not thoroughly be eliminated proportional error.
In order to address this problem, designed a kind of special interchanging method.Its main thought is inside and outside arm resistance, measuring resistance R
n, measured resistance R
x, each bridge element such as working power, zero indicator all are connected on the little center connecting plate with line, and as long as four very short little bonding lines are changed connection, just can be measuring resistance R
nWith measured resistance R
xElectric position intercourse.At this moment, the geometric position of each parts of electric bridge and the line of each root from parts to the center connecting plate is all without any change, therefore the error effect that can not estimate of also just having avoided exchange resistance position to cause has preferably also just reduced because measuring resistance R as much as possible
nWith measured resistance R
xTransposition and cause the variation of electric bridge ratio.The mode of connection of center connecting plate such as Figure 11 and shown in Figure 12.From (b) subgraph of this two figure as can be seen, difference only is that the direction of the four little bonding lines (being drawn as dotted line) in the oval circle has changed pi/2; But from (a) subgraph of these two figure, can see measuring resistance R
nWith measured resistance R
xElectric position intercoursed.Because the variation of locus does not take place, the electric bridge ratio does not become substantially yet.
" electricity transposition " principle of method measuring resistance and the principle that unequal-arm scale claims counterweight are similar.Two arms of supposing scale are respectively l
1And l
2, the weight of counterweight is respectively m
1And m
2, suppose l simultaneously
1＞l
2And m
1＞m
2, exchange m so
1And m
2Carry out twice balancing a survey, can get
m
1l
1＝(m
2+Δm
a)l
2 (1)
m
2l
1＝(m
1+Δm
b)l
2 (2)
Wherein, Δ m
aWith Δ m
bBe for making equilibrium relation set up the known counterweight of adding.With the equal sign two ends addition respectively of last two formulas, subtract each other, and arrangement obtains
Work as l
1And l
2Numerical value when known, according to formula (3) can push away two unknown counterweight m
1And m
2Of poor quality; And work as m
1And m
2Quality when known, according to formula (4) can push away the unequal arm l of scale
1And l
2Proportional error.
And the frequency characteristic of the wideband Kelvin bridge system that forms for the actual frequency characteristic of studying bipitch type calculated resistance and by them is all used bipitch type resistance in the experiment of design, promptly comprises four ratio arms and two needs resistance relatively.Claim counterweight similar with unequal-arm scale, the ratio that four ratio arms resistance constitute can be regarded as two not isometric arm l of scale
1And l
2, need the counterweight of weighing m and other two resistance are regarded as
1And m
2, simultaneously, regard the unbalance voltage that obtains before and after the transposition as counterweight Δ m for the scale balance is added
aWith Δ m
bCertainly, with unequal-arm scale different be that two Comparative Examples arm resistance of wideband Kelvin bridge are very approaching, differ and have only tens ppm, so the l in the formula (3)
1/ (l
1+ l
2) can be approximately equal to 0.5.Therefore, can draw such measurement conclusion from the principle of work of unequal-arm scale: half of the subtraction value of the unbalance voltage under the same frequency before and after the transposition promptly shown the frequency characteristic of bipitch type resistance.
Can select diameter in wideband Kelvin bridge circuit for use is the web member of 2.1mm, and this web member is made by gold-plated copper material, and its volume is little, and also easily welding; The connecting line that connects each resistance then adopts anti-boiling hot tygon lead, and center connecting plate is made by the little polytetrafluoroethylmaterial material of dielectric loss; Simultaneously, with the conductor of screw rod made of copper as each parts of connection Kelvin bridge.
At thickness is that tapping is used for placing the screw of fixed copper screw rod respectively on 80mm * 80mm teflon center connecting plate of 5mm.Figure 13 and Figure 14 are respectively the connection diagram of actual transposition front and back Kelvin bridge.
Measured data by table 4 and table 5 contrasts as can be known, and electric conversion method is not changing the mark resistance R
nWith measured resistance R
xThe prerequisite of space physics position under finished both electricity transposition.Each connects the imponderable error effect that the lead-in wire change in location is brought when so just having avoided direct the exchange, has improved the accuracy of measurement of wideband Kelvin bridge in the medium-high frequency section greatly.
Technique scheme is one embodiment of the present invention, for those skilled in the art, on the basis that the invention discloses application process and principle, be easy to make various types of improvement or distortion, and be not limited only to the described method of the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention, therefore previously described mode is preferably, and does not have restrictive meaning.
Description of drawings:
But Fig. 1 is for being used as the bipitch type AC and DC difference calculated resistance synoptic diagram of double bridge ratio arms among the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the wideband Kelvin double bridge schematic diagram among the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the electric bridge total arrangement structural representation of " crux ";
Fig. 4 is employed aerial ladder shape conductor structure synoptic diagram among the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the center connecting plate among the present invention and the connection diagram of other parts;
Fig. 6 is for adopting the resolution frequency family curve of " crux " layout wideband Kelvin bridge among the present invention;
Circuit layout and connection diagram that Fig. 7 measures down automatically for wideband Kelvin bridge direct current among the present invention;
Fig. 8 exchanges circuit layout and the connection diagram of measuring automatically down for wideband Kelvin bridge among the present invention;
Fig. 9 is wideband Kelvin bridge remote auto control hardware block diagram among the present invention.
Figure 10 is wideband Kelvin bridge remote auto Control Software process flow diagram among the present invention.
Figure 11 is the connection layout before the electric conversion method exchange ratio arms among the present invention.
Figure 12 is the connection layout after the electric conversion method exchange ratio arms among the present invention.
Figure 13 is the actual device figure before the electric conversion method exchange ratio arms among the present invention.
Figure 14 is the actual device figure after the electric conversion method exchange ratio arms among the present invention.
Embodiment:
But the bipitch type AC and DC difference calculated resistance of 1 Ω, 10 Ω, 100 Ω, 1k Ω, five kinds of values of 10k Ω, concrete parameter is as shown in table 1.But the bipitch type AC and DC difference calculated resistance of these five kinds of values is all as standard, the best commodity that can buy are in the market exchanged measuring resistance, the Tinsley 5685 type commodity of 1 Ω, 10 Ω, 100 Ω, 1k Ω, five kinds of values of 10k Ω exchange measuring resistance and compare, and it is poor that the Tinsley 5685 type commodity of determining five kinds of values exchange the AC and DC of measuring resistance.
But 1k Ω bipitch type AC and DC difference calculated resistance also is used as the inside and outside ratio arms of the wideband Kelvin double bridge among the present invention.Can see from table 2, but the performance of 1k Ω bipitch type AC and DC difference calculated resistance is very superior, the uncertainty of AC and DC difference is still 10 when 100kHz
-7Magnitude.Can make when the ratio arms frequency of operation of electric bridge expand to broad range from the direct current to 100kHz.
| But the parameter of the bipitch type AC and DC difference calculated resistance of five kinds of resistance values of table 1 | |||||
| 1Ω | 10Ω | 100Ω | 1kΩ | 10kΩ | |
| The skeleton diameter | 20mm | 20mm | 20mm | 29mm | 20mm |
| Pitch | 5mm | 3mm | 5mm | 9mm | 5mm |
| The resistance wire length overall | 0.11m | 0.55m | 1.11m | 4.42m | 3.70m |
| The resistance wire diameter | 0.096mm | 0.096mm | 0.096mm | 0.046mm | 0.046mm |
| The stranded radical of resistance wire | 10 | 10 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| The helical number of turns | 3.5 | 7 | 14 | 24 | 30 |
| The resistive element array mode | The parallel connection of 22 Ω |
1 10 Ω element | The parallel connection of 2 200 Ω |
1 1k Ω element | The parallel connection of 12 833 Ω elements |
| Add the uncertainty (1kHz) of resistance value after the AC and DC difference | 4.17×10 -11 | 4.50×10 -11 | 8.76×10 -11 | 4.05×10 -10 | 1.30×10 -9 |
Table 2 is compared with the data in the table 1, and the uncertainty of the AC and DC difference of suspension type 1k Ω resistance is about 1 * 10 in the prior art
-8, so but the performance of bipitch type AC and DC difference calculated resistance is more superior.
| The uncertainty consolidated statement of the AC and DC difference of the various value bipitch of table 2 type resistance | ||||||
| Frequency | Direct current | 10Hz | 100Hz | 1kHz | 10kHz | 100kHz |
| 10kΩ | 0 | 3.18×10 -12 | 3.41×10 -11 | 1.26×10 -9 | 1.22×10 -7 | 1.22×10 -5 |
| 1kΩ | 0 | 4.03×10 -12 | 4.03×10 -11 | 4.03×10 -10 | 6.25×10 -9 | 4.77×10 -7 |
| 100Ω | 0 | 5.53×10 -13 | 5.60×10 -12 | 1.06×10 -10 | 9.05×10 -9 | 9.03×10 -7 |
| 10Ω | 0 | 2.21×10 -14 | 5.16×10 -13 | 4.69×10 -11 | 4.69×10 -9 | 4.69× 10 -7 |
| 1Ω | 0 | 4.38×10 -15 | 5.16×10 -13 | 4.17×10 -11 | 4.17×10 -9 | 4.17×10 -7 |
Provided the wideband Kelvin double bridge that builds up with the present invention in the table 3 but the bipitch type AC and DC difference calculated resistance with nominal value has been exchanged the result that measuring resistance is compared with Tinsley 5685 type commodity., can be used as standard because but the AC and DC difference of bipitch type AC and DC difference calculated resistance is very little.Thereby just can obtaining Tinsley 5685 type commodity from comparison result, to exchange the AC and DC of measuring resistance poor.Can carry out the calibration operation of AC resistance with the Tinsley5685 type resistance of these five kinds of resistance values from now on.
Tinsley5685 type resistance is the product that is widely used as the AC resistance standard at present in the world.The index that its instructions provides is that its AC and DC difference is 10 when the 1592Hz frequency
-6Magnitude.According to the measurement result of this problem, for 1k Ω, 100 Ω, three kinds of resistances of 10 Ω, the AC and DC difference of 1592Hz frequency is 10
-6Magnitude, for high value 10k Ω and minimum resistance 1 Ω, the AC and DC difference has reached 10
-5Magnitude.
Then problem is bigger for AC and DC difference under the 100kHz.For 1k Ω and two kinds of resistances of 100 Ω, the AC and DC difference is 10
-4Magnitude.10k Ω, 10 Ω, three kinds of resistance of 1 Ω are approaching or reach 10
-2Magnitude can not have been used as exchanging measuring resistance.
In view of this, though Tinsley5685 type resistance is widely used, its AC and DC difference in wider frequency range is also not really desirable, must could use as exchanging measuring resistance through calibration.The effect that is reached after this practical application of the present invention just.
| It is poor that table 3 Tinsley 5685 type commodity exchange the AC and DC of measuring resistance | |||||
| Resistance | 10kΩ | 1kΩ | 100Ω | 10Ω | 1Ω |
| Actual measurement AC and DC difference 1592Hz | 2.5×10 -5 | 3.3×10 -6 | 1.5×10 -6 | 8.4×10 -6 | 4.0×10 -5 |
| Actual measurement AC and DC difference 100kHz | 1×10 -2 | 2×10 -4 | 2.5×10 -4 | 6.5×10 -3 | 7×10 -3 |
In order to present the actual effect that the wideband Kelvin bridge adopts electric conversion method and directly exchanges physical location method measuring resistance alternating current-direct current difference intuitively, two measured datas of table 4 and table 5 have been provided.Wherein, the experiment condition that two kinds of methods provide is in full accord, just when the position of exchange standard resistance and measured resistance, electric conversion method does not need to move the physical location of two resistance, and connection can realize the electricity transposition and only need to change four very short little bonding lines once.
| It is poor that the electric conversion method of table 4 is surveyed the AC and DC of 1k Europe bipitch type resistance | ||||||
| Frequency (kHz) | 0 | 0.01 | 0.1 | 1 | 10 | 100 |
| The actual measurement alternating current-direct current is poor | 0 | 9.6×10 -7 | -9.2×10 -6 | -9.6×10 -6 | -1.7×10 -5 | 7.3×10 -4 |
| It is poor that table 5 directly exchanges the AC and DC of physical location method survey 1k Europe bipitch type resistance | ||||||
| Frequency (kHz) | 0 | 0.01 | 0.1 | 1 | 10 | 100 |
| The actual measurement alternating current-direct current is poor | 0 | 1.5×10 -6 | -3.2×10 -5 | -4.8×10 -5 | -2.1×10 -4 | 9.3×10 -3 |
Provided the facility of specifically implementing and finishing among the present invention in the accompanying drawing.But Fig. 1 is the structural representation of bipitch type AC and DC difference calculated resistance.Adopt resistance wire in double-screw mode on the cylindrical outer surface of insulation framework; On the make, described resistance wire is wound into the other end of insulation framework from the outside surface of described insulation framework one end with spiral, when described resistance wire around behind the insulation framework other end, described resistance wire rewinds back with the same-handed canoe; Be that described resistance wire goes back around rewinding behind the end of insulation framework earlier again, form the bipitch of double thread formula.
Fig. 3 is the electric bridge total arrangement of " crux "; Fig. 4 is aerial ladder shape conductor structure figure; Fig. 5 is the concrete synoptic diagram that center connecting plate is connected with each parts; Shown employing " crux " among Fig. 6 when but the wideband Kelvin bridge of structure is measured 10 Europe, 1k Europe and 10k Europe bipitch type AC and DC difference calculated resistance, the frequency characteristic of its resolution.Compare with the scale-of-two inductive voltage divider formula Kelvin bridge of America NI ST, the resolution of the wideband Kelvin bridge of developing differs from a magnitude in 10Hz～1kHz frequency range than the latter, then identical in 1kHz～10kHz frequency range with the latter, but in 10kHz～100kHz frequency range that the latter does not accomplish, only be 10 when measuring 10 Europe and 100 Europe
-6, and when 10k Europe only 10
-5
Fig. 9 is a wideband Kelvin bridge remote auto control hardware block diagram; Figure 10 is a wideband Kelvin bridge remote auto Control Software process flow diagram; Figure 11～Figure 14 is the line synoptic diagram of the electric conversion method of design.
Claims (9)
1. a wideband Kelvin double bridge comprises double bridge two Comparative Examples arm resistance, measuring resistance and testing resistance, and power supply and zero indicator, it is characterized in that: described electric bridge adopts the crux structure;
The crux structure comprises center connecting plate, and described center connecting plate is used for being connected with each electric bridge assembly, and described center connecting plate is arranged on the center of crux structure;
Described power supply is arranged on the cross head of crux structure electric bridge, and promptly described power supply constitutes the upper arm of crux electric bridge, and the output signal of power supply outputs on the electric bridge with twisted-pair feeder;
Two arms about two outer arm resistance formation crux electric bridges of described wideband Kelvin double bridge; Two inner arm resistance of described wideband Kelvin double bridge constitute the underarm of crux electric bridge;
Described measuring resistance and testing resistance are arranged on the top of two arms about described crux electric bridge, and two resistance are vertical with the cross plane;
Described zero indicator is arranged on the crux structural outer, and described zero indicator is connected with described center connecting plate.
2. a kind of wideband Kelvin double bridge according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
But four ratio arms of described wideband Kelvin double bridge adopt 1k Ω bipitch type AC and DC difference calculated resistance, are used to expand the working frequency range of electric bridge from the direct current to 100kHz; But the resistance wire of described bipitch type AC and DC difference calculated resistance in the helix mode on the extremely low teflon cylinder frame of dielectric loss, around behind the end again back-roll go back, form the bipitch structure of double thread formula.
3. a kind of wideband Kelvin double bridge according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
The crux structure of described wideband Kelvin double bridge is arranged in the metallic copper shielded box, adopt the minimum balanced type self-control oscillator of stray capacitance over the ground to make power supply, and through adding the direct electrical link of optically-coupled spacer assembly deenergization and zero indicator, set up the Warner earthing device, to bridge diagram whole implementation shielding protection.
4. according to claim 1 or 3 described a kind of wideband Kelvin double bridges, it is characterized in that:
Described zero indicator is digital lock-in amplifier SR830; It is connected with described center connecting plate with one section aerial ladder shape lead by the concentric cable that is omnidirectional structure;
Around the plug of the signal input part that concentric cable links to each other with lock-in amplifier SR830, the coiling several layers has the polyethylene film of insulating property, at polyethylene film skin copper sheet around the home; Copper sheet is linked to each other with the inner conductor of described metallic copper shielded box to form equivalent potential screen, be used to suppress the electromagnetic interference (EMI) of outer bound pair lock-in amplifier SR830 voltage input end.
5. a kind of wideband Kelvin double bridge according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
The material of described center connecting plate is the little polytetrafluoroethylmaterial material of dielectric loss, the scope of its length and width is 60～90mm, thickness is in 5～15mm scope, preferred sizes is 80mm * 80mm * 5mm, being connected all between center connecting plate and described two Comparative Examples arm resistance, measuring resistance and the measured resistance realizes by eight brass bolts that are fixed on the center connecting plate, and the heart yearn that adopts concentric cable is used to expand the frequency scope of application of electric bridge as connecting lead;
Described power supply is a battery-powered compact electric bridge AC and DC double-purpose electric source, and output signal outputs on the electric bridge by twisted-pair feeder.
6. as the electricity transposition measuring method of the described a kind of wideband Kelvin double bridge of claim 1-5, it is characterized in that:
In the described method,
I. with two Comparative Examples arm resistance, promptly inside and outside arm resistance and measuring resistance R
n, measured resistance R
x, working power, each bridge element of zero indicator be connected on the center connecting plate;
Ii. for eliminating, adopt the exchange standard resistance R because of the inaccurate error of being brought of ratio arms ratio
nWith measured resistance R
xThe method of position is eliminated error;
Iii. the measuring resistance R that will be connected with center connecting plate
nWith measured resistance R
xConnection is changed in four wiring, realizes measuring resistance R
nWith measured resistance R
xElectric position intercourse; And each parts of electric bridge and
The geometric position of each root from each parts to the center connecting plate line is all without any change.
7. contain the measuring system of the remote auto control of the described a kind of wideband Kelvin double bridge of claim 1-5, it is characterized in that:
This system comprises remote computer, router, controlled computer, 89C52 single-chip microcomputer, light isolation transmission device, GPIB card, USB interface and wideband Kelvin double bridge, described smooth isolation transmission device comprises optical transmitting set, one section optical fiber and optical receiver institute, and described each parts are arranged in the thermostatic constant wet chamber;
Described system is used for the parameter setting of each instrument in the real time altering system, and the various parameters of the measured Kelvin double bridge unbalance voltage that obtains of zero indicator are carried out remote collection, record, data processing and printout in real time.
8. the measuring method of the remote auto control of a kind of wideband Kelvin double bridge according to claim 7 is characterized in that:
Described automatic control measuring method comprises the steps:
I. initialization step: remote computer and controlled computer are carried out initialization directive;
Ii. Telnet step: remote computer is logined controlled computer by router;
Iii. detect the Long-distance Control completing steps: judge whether login, realize Long-distance Control: be to enter down the step, do not return the step;
Iv. zero indicator initialization step: send the zero indicator initialization directive by controlled computer, finish the zero indicator initialization;
V. zero indicator self-correcting step: judge whether the zero indicator self-correcting is passed through: be to enter down the step, do not return the step;
Vi. change the oscillator frequency step: change oscillator frequency;
Vii. detect the oscillator frequency step: judge whether oscillator frequency is correct: be to enter down the step, do not return the step;
Viii. analyze and change zero indicator step is set: analyze remote control commands, and the various parameters of zero indicator are provided with;
Ix. detect the zero indicator parameter step is set: setting compares to parameter, judges whether rationally: be to enter down the step, do not return the step;
X. measuring process and record zero indicator data step: carry out and measure, and the zero indicator video data is carried out observed and recorded;
Xi. detect the zero indicator data stability: the data to the zero indicator that obtains are carried out judgement of stability, are to enter down the step, do not return the step;
Xii. data acquisition step: the data to this frequency are gathered, and the output record file;
Xiii. whether all detecting frequency and all measured and finish, is to enter down the step, does not return VI and goes on foot;
Xiv. data processing and drawing step;
Xv. send and store final data result and chart to the controlled computer step.
9. according to the application of the described a kind of wideband Kelvin double bridge of claim 1-5, it is characterized in that:
The wideband Kelvin double bridge is as carrying out precision resistance ratio measurer relatively in the frequency range from the direct current to 100kHz.
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|---|---|---|---|
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|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2007103037192A CN100561234C (en) | 2007-12-21 | 2007-12-21 | A kind of wideband Kelvin double bridge and measuring method, robot control system(RCS) and methods and applications |
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