A kind of apparatus for continous heat treatment
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of annealing device, more particularly, it relates to a kind of apparatus for continous heat treatment that is primarily aimed at based on the material of powder or granule.
Background technology
At present, mainly contain two classes, tunnel cave and shaft furnace for annealing device based on the material of powder or granule.Above-mentioned two kinds of annealing devices have its separately advantage but all have considerable obvious deficiency.Analyze it below respectively:
The tunnel cave conduct is based on the annealing device of the material of powder or granule, and its advantage is can be continuously produced, and also can realize certain scale production capacity.But a plurality of shortcomings that its existence is difficult to overcome: 1, the utilization ratio in workshop area and space is low.Tunnel cave takes up an area of generally more than hundred square meters, and because device is overweight, for to installing, safeguard and the consideration of heat radiation that the superjacent air space of tunnel cave almost is to utilize, so not high to the workshop efficiency of resource.2, one-time investment is big.Tens tons deadweight consumes a large amount of steel and refractory material, complicated automatic control system, and a large amount of heating element heaters, temperature measurer and hydraulic propelling system are expensive, and these cause the disposable direct investment of tunnel cave not wait to millions of units from hundreds of thousands unit.3, maintenance cost is big.Because the tunnel cave heating element heater is directly exposed in the volatility atmosphere of material under the situation mostly, causes its service life generally not high; Its shift-in class plate and saggar stand rapid heat cycle for a long time simultaneously, and damage is arranged in the time of also, need in time to change; The saggar of carrying material is piled up on the shift-in plate, easily topples in the shift-in process in kiln, as untimely discovery and handle the proper arch bar that then is easy to cause, and in case arch bar takes place, just almost must open the kiln processing; More than all tunnel cave maintenance costs that causes high.4, energy consumption height.When being main by the heat treatment material with powder or granule, material is to be placed in the saggar, and saggar places on the shift-in plate, and the three together experiences heating and cooling, and heater belongs to invalid work done to the heating of saggar and shift-in plate; The radiating surface of tunnel cave own is bigger, and heat loss is serious; Therefore higher with tunnel cave as annealing device energy consumption based on the material of powder or granule.5, for the material of heat treatment requirements secluding air, tunnel cave is had relatively high expectations to protective gas.The kiln body is huge and gas leakage point is many, adopt porous material such as stove brick in a large number and poor air-tightness, and the turnover kiln replaces the design of chamber, causes tunnel cave often to need bigger protective gas consumption, and to the purity requirement height of protective gas.6, troublesome poeration, pollute more.Use tunnel cave generally all to need treating material is filled in the saggar to heat-treating based on the material of powder or granule, and carefully pile up to the shift-in plate, behind to be heated the finishing, again by taking out material in the saggar, its process trouble and many dust fill the air, thereby have increased operator's amount of labour and the health that is unfavorable for the operator.
The shaft furnace conduct is based on the annealing device of the material of powder or granule, and its advantage is that device is simple relatively; Air-tightness is good, can satisfy the requirement of material to secluding air.But its shortcoming is clearly too: 1, intermittently operated, can not produce continuously, and production capacity is low.Owing to after will waiting the stove Zhen to be cooled to uniform temperature, stove can be discriminated the proposition heating furnace; After material is cooled to uniform temperature, material from discriminating, can be taken out by stove; It is longer that previous reasons causes producing blanking time, so that influence production capacity, is unfavorable for large-scale production.2, the thermal efficiency is low.The heating that its heater is discriminated stove in each production process belongs to invalid heating equally, exists the waste of the energy.3, the highest temperature that stands of material or the time inequality that stops in maximum temperature.For making device possess certain production capacity, shaft furnace must increase the internal diameter size that stove is discriminated, and there is thermograde diametrically in material like this, must cause the generation of the described situation of this title.4, troublesome poeration, pollute more.Owing to material discriminate need be taken out from stove, and stove is discriminated the deep-well form that mostly is, its operation process trouble and many dust fill the air, thereby also exist operator's amount of labour big and be unfavorable for the situation of operator's health.
Summary of the invention:
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention be to provide a kind of be primarily aimed at low energy consumption based on the material of powder or granule, workshop resource utilization height, simple to operate, at utmost reduce pollute, the material heat treatment temperature evenly, satisfy the apparatus for continous heat treatment of material requirement of secluding air when high temperature.
For addressing the above problem, the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions: a kind of apparatus for continous heat treatment, it is characterized in that, it comprises feed arrangement, tremie pipe, heater and drawing mechanism, heater and drawing mechanism lay respectively at tremie pipe side week and bottom, tremie pipe is arranged vertically, feed arrangement can carry out continuous feed to tremie pipe, heater can continue heating to material in tremie pipe and the pipe, tremie pipe satisfies material and moves down at the effect lower edge of self gravitation tremie pipe, and drawing mechanism can be discharged tremie pipe bottom material continuously.
Described apparatus for continous heat treatment can comprise a feed bin, and feed bin links to each other with feed arrangement, and described feed arrangement can also can be the pipe of insertion tremie pipe certain depth for conveying worm.
Described tremie pipe comprises exhaust apparatus, and exhaust apparatus can comprise tail gas and coagulate the thing gathering-device, also can comprise air-introduced machine.
Described tremie pipe comprises the reversible contraction device or the described tremie pipe of offsetting the tremie pipe thermal expansion and adopts the mounting means of only fixing an end in the axial direction, and described reversible contraction device can adopt simultaneously for packing seal case or metal bellows or both.
Part comprised cooling device beyond described tremie pipe exposed heater, and described cooling device is air-cooled or the combination of water-cooled or aforementioned two kinds of types of cooling.
Described drawing mechanism can be the connecting of conveying worm or air valve or conveying worm and air valve, and described conveying worm or air valve comprise power and arrangements for speed regulation, and described conveying worm preferably comprises water-cooling jacket.
Described tremie pipe inside comprises tube core; Tube core is graphite material or raw material of wood-charcoal material or metal material or ceramic material or heat resisting brick material, or aforementioned five any two or more series connection with random order.
Described heater is opposite opened and Controllable Temperature.
Described tremie pipe comprises some galvanic couple pillars that insert to blanking tube hub direction.
Described tremie pipe comprises charge level detector or charge level control device.
Described tremie pipe is metal material or heat resisting brick material or ceramic material or graphite material or raw material of wood-charcoal material, or aforementioned five any two or more series connection with random order.
The present invention compares with the annealing device of prior art has following advantage: low energy consumption, workshop resource utilization height, simple to operate, at utmost reduce pollute, the material heat treatment temperature evenly, can satisfy the requirement of material secluding air when high temperature.
Description of drawings
Embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the cutaway view (containing local view sub-anatomy) of an embodiment of apparatus for continous heat treatment of the present invention
Specific implementation method
Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of apparatus for continous heat treatment of the present invention.
The structure brief introduction: feed bin 1 is positioned at the top of a whole set of apparatus for continous heat treatment, outlet is arranged below the feed bin 1, and outlet comprises outlet(discharge) flange.Last stuffing box 9 is the cylindrical pad case of metal material, and the top comprises an end socket, and an opening that makes progress and opening flange are left in the end socket center, and last stuffing box 9 sidewalls have welded four bearings 10, and bearing uses bolted on four layers of platform.Feed pipe 4 main bodys are a straight pipe of metal, and the upper end is that the planar annular of an abduction is vertical with straight-tube portion.Successively to clipping together, the other end of feed pipe 4 inserts tremie pipe 13 certain depths to opening flange on feed bin 1 outlet(discharge) flange and push-pull valve 3, feed pipe 4 planar annulars, last stuffing box 9 end sockets from top to bottom.Tremie pipe 13 is a straight pipe of pottery, its sidewall prefabricated two be about the ceramic galvanic couple pillar 16 of bore 1/3rd to tube hub direction insertion depth, galvanic couple pillar 16 is terminal closed.Tremie pipe 13 inserts goes up stuffing box 9 inside, makes the top end face of the last stuffing box 9 of tremie pipe 13 upper surfaces distance also have a fixed gap, and pore size does not contact to suitable with the end socket of last stuffing box 9 when the expanded by heating with tremie pipe 13.Tremie pipe 13 inserts to go up stuffing box 9 parts and last stuffing box 9 and go up stuffing gland 11 and constitutes a space, the inside is full of filler 6, filler 6 is the temperature resistant encapsulation filler, last stuffing box 9 flanges and last stuffing gland 11 flanges with bolt tightening after, horizontal fixed and packing seal effect are played in tremie pipe 13 tops.Blast pipe 5 is a metal tube (being not limited to straight tube), one end inserts tremie pipe 13 certain depths (less than the insertion depth of feed pipe 4) through the end socket of last stuffing box 9, the other end connects tail gas and coagulates thing collecting tank 7, and the blast pipe that tail gas coagulates thing collecting tank 7 connects air-introduced machine 8.For ease of installation and maintenance, heater 12 is opposite opened drum (also can be other shape) shape resistance furnace, and fire box temperature can be controlled by the galvanic couple and controllable silicon, the temperature programmed control instrument that are inserted in burner hearth.Heater 12 is installed on three layers of platform, be positioned at stuffing gland 11 below, encircle side week with tremie pipe 13 middle parts.Heat-insulation layer at heater 12 leaves four galvanic couples insertion passages 14, wherein to insert passage relative with prefabricated two galvanic couple pillars on tremie pipe 13 sidewalls just for two galvanic couples, two galvanic couples insert passage 14 straight cuttings to two a galvanic couple pillar 16 through two galvanic couples outside heater, to measure this position temperature of charge, other has two galvanic couples to insert passage 14 by remaining galvanic couple, measure the fire box temperature of heater 12, (wherein galvanic couple inserts passage 14 as the temperature control galvanic couple of heater 12, galvanic couple pillar 16, measuring the galvanic couple and the temperature control galvanic couple quantity of material temperature can determine according to actual needs).The drum shape stuffing box that following stuffing box 19 main bodys are metal material, case inside has comprised a supporting surface, one section metal circular tube has been welded in the stuffing box bottom, there is the opening flange lower end of metal tube, the stuffing box lateral wall has welded four bearings, four bearings 10 are installed on the two-layer platform, and the lower surface of tremie pipe 13 is placed in down on the supporting surface of stuffing box 19.Stuffing box 19 parts, following stuffing box 19 constitute a space with following stuffing gland 18 under the insertion of tremie pipe 13, the inside is full of filler 6, following stuffing box 19 flanges and following stuffing gland 18 flanges with bolt tightening after, vertical fixing, horizontal fixed and packing seal effect are played in tremie pipe 13 bottoms.Cooling section tremie pipe 20 main bodys are a metal straight pipe, and upper and lower side comprises the opening flange, and the side comprises water-cooling jacket 21.Following stuffing box 19 metal tube opening flanges are connected with bolt with the upper flange of cooling section tremie pipe 20.The structure of tube core bearing 23 is: the supporting seat of a ring-type is welded on the center (described supporting seat, gusset and flange are metal material) of a flange by three gussets that are mutually hexagonal angle.The effect of tube core bearing 23 is to support the weight of whole tube core and the fixing bottom of tube core.The lower flange of (tube core has detailed argumentation hereinafter) cooling section tremie pipe 20, tube core bearing 23 flanges, metal bellows 24 upper flanges are from top to bottom successively to clipping together.Metal bellows 24 lower flanges are connected with bolt with the suction flange of spiral discharging machine 25.Spiral discharging machine 25 comprises power and arrangements for speed regulation, exactly be to comprise motor reducer and frequency converter, spiral discharging machine 25 sidewalls comprise water-cooling jacket 21, and four bearings have been welded in water-cooling jacket 21 outside portions, bearing is installed on one deck platform, and water-cooling jacket 21 has cooling water 22 to pass through during work.Spiral discharging machine 25 outlets are docked with air valve 26 flanges.Center at cooling section tremie pipe 20, following stuffing box 19 metal tubes part and tremie pipe 13 (feed pipe 4 insertion depths are with the lower part) has comprised a tube core, it specifically is composed in series by two sections graphite tube cores 15 and one section ceramic die 17, wherein ceramic die 17 is positioned at the centre of two sections graphite tube cores 15, their main parts are, and isometrical (diameter is not more than 1/3rd of tremie pipe 13 calibers, otherwise owing to the reason of the galvanic couple pillar 16 of tremie pipe 13 will cause tube core to install) cylinder, rely on screwed connection each other.The corresponding projection of supporting seat (being the one section cylinder of diameter less than main diameter) with tube core bearing 23 ring-types is processed in following graphite tube core 15 bottoms, projection be processed into cone (so that install) foremost, it just is installed on the supporting seat of tube core pivot flange 23 ring-types and can produce and rock.Above graphite tube core 15 upper ends cone and projection are also arranged, its structure is basic identical with following graphite tube core 15 lower end structure, and is opposite nothing but direction, taper designs is in order to reduce the blanking resistance, projection is that tube core bracing frame 27 is installed for convenience.The structure of tube core bracing frame 27 is: the center is a metal ring, circle diameter with on the projection that can just overlap graphite tube core 15 upper ends in the above for suitable, the metal ring periphery has three (to be not limited to three, but be not lower than three) gusset of equal in length, the folded angle of adjacent gusset equates that gusset outermost end and tremie pipe 13 kept 2~3mm distance for suitable when gusset length was in tremie pipe 13 centers with tube core bracing frame 27.On the projection of tube core bracing frame 27 cover graphite tube core 15 upper ends in the above, its effect is to prevent that whole tube core from big inclination taking place.Middle ceramic die 17 tops are under the horizontal plane of heater 12 bottoms, and ceramic die 17 lower ends are on cooling section tremie pipe 20 top horizontal planes.
The course of work and operating procedure are described: (material to be heated may be an one matter, it also may be the mixture of multiple material, the character of material also may change in heat treatment process, even produce chemical change and generate the mixture of another kind of material or multiple material, these materials summarize be expressed as the material 2 that occurs herein) at first open push-pull valve 3, continuously feed bin 1 is dropped into material 2 (remain material 2 is arranged in the feed bin 1), apparent material 2 can be full of the import of spiral discharging machine 25 successively under the gravity effect, metal bellows 24, cooling section tremie pipe 20, following stuffing box 19, feed pipe 4 insertion depths of tremie pipe 13 are with the lower part, when material level rises to feed pipe 4 lower surfaces, material 2 in the feed bin 1 can be because feed pipe 4 outlets be plugged and stop to move down, and the material level in the tremie pipe 13 can be stabilized in this height of feed pipe 4 outlets.Then heater 12 burner hearths are risen to uniform temperature (concrete temperature value is determined by technological requirement under the prerequisite of capacity of equipment being no more than).If be heated material fugitive constituent is arranged, can open air-introduced machine 8, tail gas coagulates thing and can coagulate thing collecting tank 7 at tail gas and be collected, and condensate is discharged by air-introduced machine 8.At this moment, heater 12 can heat the material in tremie pipe 13 and the pipe.When waiting that the material temperature of surveying (recording by the galvanic couple that inserts galvanic couple pillar 16) reaches setting value (concrete temperature value is by the technological requirement decision), open each section water-cooled, air valve 26 and spiral discharging machine 25 successively, make material 2 discharge (concrete speed according to technological requirement so that material can stop the suitable time be as the criterion) from the discharging opening of spiral discharging machine 25 via air valve 26 in the uniform temperature section with given pace.Material 2 by feed bin 1 through push-pull valve 3, feed pipe 4 enters tremie pipe 13, heated by heater 12 at tremie pipe 13, Wei Wen, material 2 begins preliminary cooling when being displaced downwardly to down stuffing box 19 metal tube parts, further lowered the temperature by water-cooling jacket 21 when continuing to come downwards to cooling section tremie pipe 20, again through metal bellows 24 to spiral discharging machine 25, under the screw propulsion effect, material fully mixes and fully contacts with herein water-cooling jacket 21, heat is able to efficient release, finally discharge through air valve 26 safety, thereby finish the heat treatment overall process by spiral discharging machine 25 outlets.
Shang Mian graphite tube core 15 has shortened heater 12 and the heat transfer distances farthest that is heated material 2 therebetween, has reduced material 2 thermograde diametrically, and graphite belongs to the good conductor of heat simultaneously, and heat conductivility is outstanding, makes the heat treatment temperature of material 2 more even.Following graphite tube core 15 shortens the heat transfer distances farthest of water-cooling jacket 21 with the material 2 that is cooled of metal tremie pipes 20, reduced material 2 thermograde diametrically, simultaneously graphite belongs to the good conductor of heat, and heat conductivility is outstanding, makes the temperature of the material 2 that this place is cooled more even.Middle ceramic die 17 positions are in the centre of two sections graphite tube cores 15, also are simultaneously to be in heating and the transition stage of cooling off.Because the heat conductivility of pottery is relatively poor, so can significantly reduce harmful heat exchange of bringing-up section and cooling section.Various materials nearly all have the variation of physical dimension when high temperature, because the thermal coefficient of expansion of ceramic material is less, tremie pipe 13 epimere faces leave certain space with the top end face of last stuffing box 9 and can prevent that just the two from contacting in the present embodiment, avoid because the damage that thermal stress caused; The thermal coefficient of expansion of metal is higher, has designed metal bellows 24 in the present embodiment and has offset the thermal expansion that the cooling section tremie pipe 20 by metal material produces and avoid producing thermal stress.
It is pointed out that tremie pipe 13 also can select other material such as metal material or refractory brick material or graphite material or raw material of wood-charcoal material.If tremie pipe 13 is selected metal material for use, can be flexible coupling and replace packing seal (9,19) to connect offsetting the thermal expansion that tremie pipe 13 is produced by metal is set, solve the fixation problem of bringing thus, remaining link is basic and present embodiment is same, does not give unnecessary details here; Tremie pipe 13 selects for use the applicable cases of refractory brick material basic same with present embodiment; When tremie pipe 13 is selected graphite material or raw material of wood-charcoal material for use, need pass to inertia protection gas to the burner hearth of heater 12, should take the secluding air measure for its part of exposing heater 12 simultaneously, to prevent the oxidation of graphite material or raw material of wood-charcoal material.Comprise graphite material or raw material of wood-charcoal material or metal material or ceramic material or refractory brick material about the optional material of tube core equally, or aforementioned five any two or more series connection with random order.It is in order to prevent air from entering spiral discharging machine 25 inner contacts with the material 2 of fully not lowering the temperature oxidation to take place that the discharging opening of spiral discharging machine 25 installs air valve 26 additional.When if air can not produce harmful effect to material 2, then material can directly be discharged by the discharging opening place of spiral discharging machine 25.
As can be seen, this annealing device only heats material to be heated when moving continuously, has compared with prior art greatly reduced energy consumption from present embodiment; This annealing device is being installed the solid space that has effectively utilized the workshop; This annealing device has reduced the heat transfer distances of calandria and material significantly, thereby has improved the uniformity of material heat treatment temperature; This annealing device continuous feeding and discharging, it is very convenient to operate, and avoids the air pollution of powder operation to greatest extent; The requirement of secluding air when having satisfied material to be heated at high temperature under the prerequisite of obstructed protection gas.Present embodiment is adapted at all having in the heat treatment overall process heat treatment based on the material of powder or granule of better flowability.