CN101196926A - Database access platform and access method thereof - Google Patents
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- CN101196926A CN101196926A CNA2007103077560A CN200710307756A CN101196926A CN 101196926 A CN101196926 A CN 101196926A CN A2007103077560 A CNA2007103077560 A CN A2007103077560A CN 200710307756 A CN200710307756 A CN 200710307756A CN 101196926 A CN101196926 A CN 101196926A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a database access platform and access method, which solves problems of high requirements on technician, impalpable code and safety of traditional database operation mode. The platform mainly comprises an application access interface for supplying setting of database configuration information and feeding back database operation result; a data source acquisition unit for connecting corresponding database according to the database names in the configuration information; a database single table operation unit for calling corresponding table structure information according to the access parameters in the configuration information and executing corresponding SQL operation in combination with generation of SQL sentence; a database complex operation unit for calling corresponding SQL template according to the access parameter in the configuration information and executing corresponding SQL operation in combination with generation of SQL sentence. Because of shielding direct SQL operation, the platform facilitates developers unnecessary to concern detailed SQL sentence spelling and database operation and greatly reduces the technical requirements on developers.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to database technology, particularly relate to a kind of database access platform and access method thereof.
Background technology
In the performance history of various service applications system, need repeatedly accessing database.Traditional database processing mainly is to spell complicated loaded down with trivial details SQL statement by the programmer to finish database manipulation.SQL is the abbreviation of Structured Quevy Language (Structured Query Language (SQL)), is to aim at database and the operation commands set set up, and be a kind of multiple functional database language.
The shortcoming that this traditional approach exists is: lack of standardization if SQL statement is write, perhaps imperfect, be easy in actual moving process, produce bottleneck.Therefore, traditional database manipulation mode is very high to technician's requirement, the program debug difficulty, and the code that is produced is tediously long, is difficult for understanding, and is difficult to guarantee technician's development efficiency and testing efficiency.And technician directly accessing database connects, and database is done improper operation even illegal operation, can bring safety issue so again.
In the Java field, a lot of Object Persistence instruments are arranged, at present as Hibernate, ibatis, JDO or the like.They are basically to realize O/R Mapping (Object-Relationl Mapping, its effect is to do a mapping between relevant database and object) be main, the data library structure has been carried out encapsulation well, the developer does not need to be concerned about too much the operation of SQL, just can finish relevant lasting data layer operation.These persistence instruments have solved because the exploitation difficulty that database manipulation brings has reduced the technical requirement to the developer.The developer can only provide data, and is indifferent to concrete list structure and database manipulation.But the problem of bringing is that these tool configuration are very loaded down with trivial details, and are longer for developer's learning curve, are difficult for understanding.In addition, for the concurrent data exchange system of height, these instruments use JDBC relatively, and (full name is Java DataBase Connectivity standard, it is OO application programming interfaces) primary API (Application Programming Interface, application programming interfaces) certain performance loss is arranged, be easy to generate bottleneck.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention provides a kind of database access platform and access method thereof, exists and requires height, code to be difficult for understanding and a series of problems such as security to the technician to solve traditional database manipulation mode.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above,, the invention discloses following technical scheme according to specific embodiment provided by the invention:
A kind of database access platform comprises:
The application access interface is used to provide the setting of database configuration information, and return data storehouse operating result; Wherein, described database configuration information comprises database-name and access parameter;
The data source acquiring unit is used for connecting corresponding database according to the database-name of configuration information;
Database list table handling unit is used for calling corresponding list structure information according to the access parameter of configuration information, and in conjunction with generating SQL statement, carries out corresponding SQL operation;
Database complex operations unit is used for calling corresponding SQL template according to the access parameter of configuration information, and in conjunction with generating SQL statement, carries out corresponding SQL operation.
Also comprise: the configuration loading unit is used for loading each database configuration information when starting operation platform.
Also comprise: the mistake recovery unit, be used for when database manipulation makes a mistake, the data in the database are reverted to the wrong preceding state that takes place.
Also comprise: database management unit, and adopt local transaction management mechanism and global transaction administrative mechanism, manage a plurality of access of database.
Preferably, described data source acquiring unit is pre-created database and connects according to database configuration information, when the needs accessing database, directly obtains corresponding database according to database-name and connects.
Also comprise: the object converting unit, be used for before carrying out database manipulation, the common object of accessing database is converted to the master data object that platform is discerned; And when the operating result of return data storehouse, described master data object is converted to common object again.
A kind of data bank access method comprises:
The initialized data base configuration information is comprising database-name and access parameter;
During accessing database, connect corresponding database according to the database-name in the configuration information;
Carry out database manipulation,, and, carry out corresponding SQL operation in conjunction with generating SQL statement if single table handling is then called corresponding list structure information according to the access parameter in the configuration information;
If complex operations is then called corresponding SQL template according to the access parameter in the configuration information, and, carry out corresponding SQL operation in conjunction with generating SQL statement.
Wherein, before carrying out database manipulation, also comprise: the common object of accessing database is converted to the master data object; And when the operating result of return data storehouse, described master data object is converted to common object again.
Wherein, before connecting database, also comprise: load each database configuration information.
Also comprise the mistake recovering step: when database manipulation makes a mistake, the data in the database are reverted to the wrong preceding state that takes place.
Wherein, connect database: according to database configuration information, be pre-created database and connect, when the needs accessing database, directly obtain corresponding database according to database-name and connect according to following steps.
Wherein, adopt local transaction management mechanism and global transaction administrative mechanism, manage a plurality of access of database.
According to specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses following technique effect:
The embodiment of the invention provides a kind of database access platform of opening, applicable to different application platforms, provides the encapsulation to various database accesss:
At first, this platform is supported the several data source, and the mode of obtaining database is encapsulated, and has improved the extendability of platform by the database manipulation of configurableization.The user is provided with database configuration information by the application access interface that platform provides, and platform loads each database configuration information when starting, and when needs carry out database access, connects associated databases according to the database-name in the configuration information.Preferably, obtain the time that connects handle for shortening, improve data access efficiency, this platform is pre-created database and connects according to database configuration information, directly obtains when manipulating.
Secondly, database manipulation is encapsulated, provide single table handling and complex operations two kinds of modes of operation, and support standard database access mode (as operations such as inquiry, insertion, deletion, modifications).For single table handling, call corresponding list structure information according to the access parameter in the configuration information, and, carry out corresponding SQL operation in conjunction with generating SQL statement; For complex operations, platform has set in advance the SQL template of gathering a plurality of simple operationss, calls corresponding SQL template according to the access parameter in the configuration information during operation, and in conjunction with generating SQL statement, carries out corresponding SQL operation.
Once more, this platform is supported two kinds of transaction management mechanism: local transaction management and global transaction management.Platform is by described two kinds of transaction management mechanism, and the whole access process of a plurality of databases is managed, and guarantees the data consistency of a plurality of access system.And, fault recovering mechanism also is set, when database manipulation makes a mistake, the data in the database are reverted to the wrong preceding state that takes place.Mistake recovers also to be divided into local transaction recovery and global transaction recovers.
In sum, this platform makes that the developer does not need to be concerned about concrete SQL statement spelling and database manipulation owing to shielded direct SQL operation, has greatly reduced the technical requirement to the developer.And the developer is the direct control database not, has therefore guaranteed the security of database manipulation.And this platform provides the application access interface for the developer, gets final product the fulfillment database accessing operation by database configuration information is set, thereby has realized the database manipulation of configurableization, has simplified developer's study use.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the logical organization synoptic diagram of the described database access platform of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the schematic flow sheet of outer application system by platform access database shown in Figure 1;
Fig. 3 is a database manipulation process flow diagram in the platform shown in Figure 1;
Fig. 4 is the flow chart of steps of the described data bank access method of the embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
For above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, feature and advantage can be become apparent more, the present invention is further detailed explanation below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
The embodiment of the invention provides a kind of database access platform, and the data library structure has been carried out good encapsulation, shields direct SQL operation, unified concentrated area management database operation SQL statement.The developer can utilize the accessing operation of described Platform Implementation to database, and does not need to be concerned about too much concrete SQL operation.This platform is applicable to different application platforms, has good extendability.
The realization of this platform comprises that mainly data source obtains and database manipulation two parts, describes in detail below.Wherein, described data source promptly refers to the database that the application system of platform outside will be visited.
With reference to Fig. 1, be the logical organization synoptic diagram of the described database access platform of the embodiment of the invention.
Described platform mainly comprises application access interface 11, data source acquiring unit 12 and database manipulation unit 13, described application access interface 11 provides the interface that is provided with of database configuration information for the developer, described data source acquiring unit 12 is responsible for connecting the database that will visit according to configuration information, and the corresponding database operation is responsible for carrying out in described database manipulation unit 13.
Application access interface 11 is interactive interfaces of platform and access system, by the developer according to concrete visit situation, utilize interface 11 that the database configuration information that access system will be visited is set, configuration information mainly comprises information such as the database-name that will visit, access parameter, and wherein access parameter comprises the database URL that will visit, database-driven, database connection pool management, minimumly connects number, maximumly connects number, stand-by period or the like.The data access platform will be according to the operation of these configuration informations realizations to associated databases.Application access interface 11 also is used for returning the corresponding database operating result to access system.
Described database access platform is supported the several data source, and the mode of obtaining data source is encapsulated, and this encapsulation realizes by data source acquiring unit 12.Data source is distinguished by different titles, and when access system need be visited a certain particular source, data source acquiring unit 12 connected corresponding database according to the database-name in the configuration information.Preferably, be to improve data access efficiency, described data source acquiring unit 12 is pre-created database and connects according to database configuration information, when needs are visited certain database, directly obtain the connection of having set up, obtain the time that connects handle thereby shorten from connection pool.
Database manipulation unit 13 provides two kinds of operations, and a kind of is single table handling, and another kind is a complex operations, therefore is subdivided into single table handling unit 131 and complex operations unit 132 again.Single table handling is meant the operation at a tables of data, and is simple database manipulation, can be understood as the operation that just can finish by an operational motion, as the most basic database manipulations such as insertion, deletion, modifications.Complex operations generally is used for the multilist operation, or need call the database manipulation of SQL computing function; Complicated SQL operation also can be applied to need be to the targeted SQL that optimizes of database manipulation.Single table handling and complex operations are for the developer provides flexibly, database access mode easily.
Fill order's table handling is responsible in single table handling unit 131, according to the access parameter in the database configuration information, and corresponding list structure information, spell and carry out the SQL operation automatically.The data (being access parameter) that 131 meetings of single table handling unit provide according to the user, the interface that provides by JDBC obtains corresponding database table information (being list structure information), the data combination that database table information and user are provided then, automatically assembly unit SQL statement, thus the trouble of developer's assembly unit SQL statement reduced.
For example, for a consumption record sheet, comprise three fields: consumption date, number of the account, the amount of money.The operation of simple data storehouse is renewal and the query manipulation to these three fields.For query manipulation, the programmer does not need to know what concrete list structure is, only need indicate in interface needs inquiry consumption record sheet and querying condition (consumption date and number of the account), just can find out the consumption amount of money.
Complex operations is carried out in complex operations unit 132, the processing of complex operations at first needs the developer according to the actual conditions of using, in advance that the template of SQL statement is good by appointment format configuration is in specified file, and described SQL template is at the operational set of using.When operation, the platform invoke user obtains corresponding SQL statement template by the parameter that application access interface 11 provides; Data that template and user are provided at last, assembly unit generates SQL statement automatically.
Complex operations is meant and can not inquires about the operation of finishing by simple single table, can be applicable in three kinds of scenes: the first, and the multilist joint operation.The number of the account table is for example arranged, comprise three fields (number of the account (PK), name, identification card number).If according to the name of specifying consumption record queries consumer, the programmer need finish writing the SQL masterplate in advance, by consumption list and the related name that obtains of the account number field in the number of the account table; The second, for the calculative operation in single table, for example in the inquiry consumption record sheet, the amount of money is greater than 1000 yuan inquiry; The 3rd, for the SQL statement of some optimization characteristics of needs use database.For example, when inquiry consumption record sheet, force to use the date index.Forcing to use certain index, be the optimization characteristics of some database, but simple single table handling can not be expressed.Therefore, can only be by the execution efficient of complicated SQL operation optimization operation.
Platform calls single table handling unit 131 or calls complex operations unit 132 when operation, and is pre-configured by the developer.The developer can pass through application access interface 11 setting operation types, and in database access process, platform calls corresponding operating unit according to being provided with in advance.
Preferably, be the data management of unified platform inside, described platform also is provided with object converting unit 14, is used for before carrying out database manipulation, and the common object of accessing database is converted to the master data object that platform is discerned; And, described master data object is converted to common object again in single table handling unit 131 or during complex operations unit 132 return data storehouse operating results.For example, " number of the account " field is converted to " account " field of platform inside.
Preferably, described platform also comprises database management unit 15, is in charge of a plurality of access of database.Described database management unit 15 is by the scheduling of each unit in the united and coordinating platform, the management of fulfillment database affairs.Described affairs are defined as the set of the associative operation of application programs state, and affairs have these several attributes of atomicity, consistance, isolation and persistence, and these attributes are referred to as the ACID attribute.The state of application program comprises all internal memories and the data items in the disk---all the elements that application program " is known " that influence the application program operation in this definition; Application Status can be stored in internal memory, file or the database; If system breaks down, for example application program, network or computer system collapse, then we want to guarantee can recover the state of application program when restarting systems.
In the present embodiment, the management of db transaction is divided into local affairs and global transaction, so database management unit 15 adopts local transaction management mechanism and global transaction administrative mechanism.Wherein, described local transaction management is meant at the management of a data source, manages db transaction independently by current application usually; The management of described global transaction is meant simultaneously the management to a plurality of data sources, or the situation of a plurality of application access is arranged simultaneously, is the set of a plurality of local affairs.In the present embodiment, global transaction utilizes JTS framework (JavaTransaction Service, the service of Java affairs are the technical standards of carrying out the distributed transaction management among the Java), can unify to submit to the database processing of different application, guarantee the data consistency of a plurality of access system.
Preferably, for cooperating described store data base transaction, described platform also comprises mistake recovery unit 16, is used for when database manipulation makes a mistake, and the data in the database are reverted to the wrong preceding state that takes place.The function that described wrong recovery unit 16 is realized is the part as data base administration, is realized the data consistency of a plurality of access system by database management unit 15 scheduling.
Illustrate, in the processing procedure of transferring accounts, fund forwards account B to from account A, and detailed process is: earlier from account A deduction fund, add the fund of corresponding amount then at account B.But owing to break down in the process of transferring accounts, fund is deducted from account A, but does not also add account B to.In this case, database management unit 15 will call error recovery unit 16, recovers deducted fund among the account A, and this operation is called transaction rollback.Database management unit 15 is by operational administrative databases such as affairs submission, transaction rollbacks, and in the application of reality, the user can open affairs according to actual conditions, when EO, submits affairs to, when accident takes place, and transaction rollback.
In the present embodiment, local transaction management is based on the transaction management mechanism of JDBC, and the global transaction management is based on the transaction management mechanism of JTA (Java Transaction API, Java transaction interface).The transaction management of JDBC is meant after obtaining JDBC Connection example, calls Connection.setAutoCommit and sets affairs submission pattern.The transaction management of JTA is meant that the JTA transaction management realizes that by the JTA container JTA container is dispatched numerous Connection of current adding affairs, realizes its transactional requirement.The transaction cycles of JTA can be across a plurality of JDBC Connection life cycles.Accordingly, mistake recovers also to be divided into local affairs and global transaction; Global transaction utilizes the JTS interface, and the Restoration Mechanism of the Database error between a plurality of application systems can be provided.
Preferably, present embodiment is loaded into all database configuration informations that application access interface 11 is provided with in the platform by configuration loading unit 17 when starting platform.
In sum, the mode of the platform access database that provides by the embodiment of the invention of outer application system is with reference to shown in Figure 2: the developer at first is provided with database configuration information by the application access interface 11 that platform provides, and starts platform then; Platform at first loads all database configuration informations by configuration loading unit 17, utilizes data source acquiring unit 12 then, obtains the data source of this configuration according to the database-name that will visit; System adopts database connection pool management data source, and application system obtains to connect by connection pool, and after connection is finished using, is discharged in the connection pool; After use connecting, can pass through database management unit 15 log-on data storehouse transaction managements, and call database manipulation unit 13 and begin to carry out corresponding database and operate; When EO, submit affairs to, be about to the database manipulation result and return to the application corresponding system by application access interface 11; When making a mistake, transaction rollback, the data that are about in the database revert to the wrong preceding state that takes place.In this process, no matter be to adopt local transaction management or global transaction management, can call single table handling unit 131 or complex operations unit 132 according to configuration information.
With reference to Fig. 3, be the database manipulation process flow diagram of described database manipulation unit 13.When carrying out database access, at first allocating object converting unit 14 is converted to the master data object with common object, and according to the interface difference of calling, differentiation is single table handling or complex operations then; If single table handling, data that provide according to corresponding list structure information and user then, spelling and executable operations SQL; If complex operations then is kept at the SQL template in the appointed positions file according to the specified format configuration in advance, when operation, at first obtain the SQL template, then according to the parameter in the template, spelling and operation SQL; After calling single table handling unit 131 or complex operations unit 132 and finishing master data operation, by object converting unit 14 the master data object is converted to common object again, realize that then affairs submit to or rollback.
To sum up, the database access platform that the embodiment of the invention provides applicable to different application platforms, provides the encapsulation to various database accesss:
At first, this platform is supported the several data source, and the mode of obtaining database is encapsulated, and has improved the extendability of platform by the database manipulation of configurableization; Secondly, database manipulation is encapsulated, provide single table handling and complex operations two kinds of modes of operation, and support standard database access mode (as operations such as inquiry, insertion, deletion, modifications); Once more, this platform is supported two kinds of transaction management mechanism: local transaction management and global transaction management.Platform is by described two kinds of transaction management mechanism, and the whole access process of a plurality of databases is managed, and guarantees the data consistency of a plurality of access system.And, fault recovering mechanism also is set, when database manipulation makes a mistake, the data in the database are reverted to the wrong preceding state that takes place.Mistake recovers also to be divided into local transaction recovery and global transaction recovers.
This platform makes that the developer does not need to be concerned about concrete SQL statement spelling and database manipulation owing to shielded direct SQL operation, has greatly reduced the technical requirement to the developer.And the developer is the direct control database not, has therefore guaranteed the security of database manipulation.And this platform provides the application access interface for the developer, gets final product the fulfillment database accessing operation by database configuration information is set, thereby has realized the database manipulation of configurableization, has simplified developer's study use.
At above-mentioned database access platform, the present invention also provides a kind of data bank access method, with reference to Fig. 4, is the flow chart of steps of described data bank access method.
After platform starts operation, the loading of databases configuration information, described configuration information comprises information such as database-name and access parameter, is set in advance by the developer;
Step 402 is obtained the data source step;
Promptly connect corresponding database according to the database-name in the configuration information;
The common object that is about to access system is converted to the master data object that platform can be discerned;
Be divided into single table handling and complex operations, if single table handling is then called corresponding list structure information according to the access parameter in the configuration information, and with access parameter and list structure information in conjunction with generating SQL statement, carry out corresponding SQL operation; If complex operations is then called corresponding SQL template according to the access parameter in the configuration information, and with access parameter and SQL template in conjunction with generating SQL statement, carry out corresponding SQL operation;
After executing database manipulation, operating result is carried out data-switching, the master data object that is about to platform inside is converted to common object;
Operating result is returned to corresponding access system.If in the database manipulation process, make a mistake, then utilize fault recovering mechanism, the data in the database are reverted to the wrong preceding state that takes place, thereby guarantee data consistency.
The part that does not describe in detail in the method shown in Figure 4 can be considered for length referring to the relevant portion of device shown in Figure 1, is not described in detail in this.
More than to a kind of database access platform provided by the present invention and access method thereof, be described in detail, used specific case herein principle of the present invention and embodiment are set forth, the explanation of above embodiment just is used for helping to understand method of the present invention and core concept thereof; Simultaneously, for one of ordinary skill in the art, according to thought of the present invention, part in specific embodiments and applications all can change.In sum, this description should not be construed as limitation of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. a database access platform is characterized in that, comprising:
The application access interface is used to provide the setting of database configuration information, and return data storehouse operating result; Wherein, described database configuration information comprises database-name and access parameter;
The data source acquiring unit is used for connecting corresponding database according to the database-name of configuration information;
Database list table handling unit is used for calling corresponding list structure information according to the access parameter of configuration information, and in conjunction with generating SQL statement, carries out corresponding SQL operation;
Database complex operations unit is used for calling corresponding SQL template according to the access parameter of configuration information, and in conjunction with generating SQL statement, carries out corresponding SQL operation.
2. database access platform according to claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises: the configuration loading unit is used for loading each database configuration information when starting operation platform.
3. database access platform according to claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises: the mistake recovery unit, be used for when database manipulation makes a mistake, and the data in the database are reverted to the wrong preceding state that takes place.
4. database access platform according to claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises: database management unit, and adopt local transaction management mechanism and global transaction administrative mechanism, manage a plurality of access of database.
5. database access platform according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described data source acquiring unit is according to database configuration information, be pre-created database and connect, when the needs accessing database, directly obtain corresponding database according to database-name and connect.
6. database access platform according to claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises: the object converting unit, be used for before carrying out database manipulation, and the common object of accessing database is converted to the master data object that platform is discerned; And when the operating result of return data storehouse, described master data object is converted to common object again.
7. a data bank access method is characterized in that, comprising:
The initialized data base configuration information is comprising database-name and access parameter;
During accessing database, connect corresponding database according to the database-name in the configuration information;
Carry out database manipulation,, and, carry out corresponding SQL operation in conjunction with generating SQL statement if single table handling is then called corresponding list structure information according to the access parameter in the configuration information;
If complex operations is then called corresponding SQL template according to the access parameter in the configuration information, and, carry out corresponding SQL operation in conjunction with generating SQL statement.
8. method according to claim 7 is characterized in that, before carrying out database manipulation, also comprises: the common object of accessing database is converted to the master data object; And when the operating result of return data storehouse, described master data object is converted to common object again.
9. method according to claim 7 is characterized in that, before connecting database, also comprises: load each database configuration information.
10. method according to claim 7 is characterized in that, also comprises the mistake recovering step: when database manipulation makes a mistake, the data in the database are reverted to the wrong preceding state that takes place.
11. method according to claim 7 is characterized in that, connects database according to following steps: according to database configuration information, be pre-created database and connect, when the needs accessing database, directly obtain corresponding database according to database-name and connect.
12. method according to claim 7 is characterized in that: adopt local transaction management mechanism and global transaction administrative mechanism, manage a plurality of access of database.
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