CN101196512A - Method for fast detecting and deciding validity of additive used for reinforcing concrete permanent stability - Google Patents
Method for fast detecting and deciding validity of additive used for reinforcing concrete permanent stability Download PDFInfo
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- CN101196512A CN101196512A CNA2007101906348A CN200710190634A CN101196512A CN 101196512 A CN101196512 A CN 101196512A CN A2007101906348 A CNA2007101906348 A CN A2007101906348A CN 200710190634 A CN200710190634 A CN 200710190634A CN 101196512 A CN101196512 A CN 101196512A
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- Prior art keywords
- concrete
- chemical admixture
- validity
- maintenance
- concrete mortar
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims description 11
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 11
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 title 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000012615 aggregate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000537371 Fraxinus caroliniana Species 0.000 claims 1
- 235000010891 Ptelea trifoliata Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910013553 LiNO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-VAWYXSNFSA-N Stilbene Natural products C=1C=CC=CC=1/C=C/C1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-VAWYXSNFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012237 artificial material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002642 lithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010534 mechanism of action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
- Preparation Of Clay, And Manufacture Of Mixtures Containing Clay Or Cement (AREA)
Abstract
A fast test and determination method of the effectiveness of admixture used for strengthening the concrete durability is provided, whose steps are that: first, making of the concrete mortar rod: make the concrete mortar rod with the main materials comprising cement, sand, aggregate and chemical admixture, mold under normal temperature, demould if after 24 hours and then measure the original length with a comparator; second, maintenance of the concrete mortar rod: put the concrete mortar rod into the maintenance solution under a certain temperature for maintenance, and the maintenance solution is added with a certain amount of chemical admixture so as to make the effective ion of the chemical admixture keep internal and external equilibrium in the maintenance process; third, test the swell value of the concrete mortar rod with the comparator according to the ages and make evaluation in accordance with the standard. The determining result gained from the fast test on the effectiveness of the chemical admixture in inhibiting the alkali-aggregate reaction is greatly in accordance with the determining result gained from the method of concrete prism method - CSAA23.2-14A or ASTM C 1293.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of detection and decision method, be specifically related to the detection and the decision method of a kind of additive validity in strengthening concrete durability.
Background technology
Concrete material is the artificial material of contemporary consumption maximum, and for example, China is in the fundamental construction climax, and concrete amount occupies the hat in the whole world.Concrete material is the good building materials of permanance under science design and construction condition, if but do not accomplish this point, and under harsh Service Environment, concrete will demonstrate very short serviceable life.General about 50～100 years of tenure of use of concrete works, but many engineerings are after using 10～20 years, have in addition after using several years, promptly need keep in repair.Therefore, must carry out New understanding, change the durable naturally notion of concrete, in the overall process of preparing, set up the project, design, construct, checking and accepting and using of engineering, permanance be gived top priority consider concrete endurance issues.Press the suggestion of the ACI201 council, the permanance of cement concrete is defined as the resistivity to differentiation, chemical erosion, abrasion or other destructive process, that is to say that durable concrete should keep its original shape, quality and applicability when being placed on environment for use.Up to now, the principal element that influences concrete durability has: (1) unfreezing; (2) aggressivity chemical action; (3) wearing and tearing; (4) steel bar corrosion; (5) alkali; (6) formation of retardance entringite.
As everyone knows, some chemical admixture of admixture can improve concrete permanance and other performance in concrete, and people update concrete admixture by a large amount of scientific experimentations in recent years, and develop the different concrete admixture of performance.With regard to world wide, be used to prevent chemical admixture to mainly contain lithium salts etc. with the mending concrete alkali.At present, carried out the research work of a certain amount of lithium salts in concrete alkali-silica reaction (ASR) prevention abroad, lithium salts has been applied to is expected to become the new method that effective prevention concrete ASR destroys this difficult problem in the cement concrete engineering.Foreign scholar's research mainly concentrates on aspect the validity and two of required addition contents of lithium salts in concrete ASR prevention.And also the appraisal procedure that fast, effectively detects the validity of lithium salts in concrete ASR prevention is not carried out systematic study.Up to now, a kind of appraisal procedure---the CSA A23.2-28A of lithium salts in the validity of concrete ASR prevention that be used for detecting only arranged abroad.This method is based upon CSA A23.2-14A or ASTM C 1293---and on concrete Prism Method (CPT) basis, sense cycle is 1～2 year, very inconvenience in practical engineering application.Domestic, the Yin of South China Science ﹠ Engineering University stilbene etc. had once been carried out the research that lithium compound is suppressed the alkali-silica reaction mechanism of intumescence with the sol-gel plavini.Up to date, the domestic report that does not equally also retrieve the fast evaluation method of the validity of lithium salts in concrete ASR prevention.Therefore, must be from migration permeability behavior feature and the mechanism of action of lithium ion concrete ASR prevention process, study its corresponding chemical reaction process and dynamic behavior, on this basis, achievement in research in conjunction with long-term accumulation, propose the fast evaluation method of the validity of new lithium salts in concrete ASR prevention, formulate corresponding standard, fill up the international blank of this field.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the above-mentioned shortcoming of prior art, the fast appraisement method of a kind of additive validity in strengthening concrete durability is provided, it is accurate, quick, simple to operate that it detects.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: the fast appraisement method of additive validity in strengthening concrete durability, realize by following step:
1) making of concrete mortar rod: cement, sand, aggregate, chemical admixture are the concrete mortar rod that primary raw material is made, and the demoulding behind moulding at normal temperatures, the 24h is measured its initial length with comparator;
2) maintenance of concrete mortar rod: place the maintenance solution of uniform temperature to carry out maintenance the concrete mortar rod, contain a certain amount of chemical admixture in the maintenance solution, in maintenance processes, keep internal and external equilibrium to keep the contained effective ion of chemical admixture in the mortar bars;
3) by with comparator the swell value of concrete mortar rod being detected respectively the length of time and reference standard is estimated.
More than the 1st) with the 2nd) the described chemical admixture of step is meant the chemical admixture of kind to be measured;
The major parameter of described concrete mortar rod is:
Slurry barred body size/(mm * mm * mm) 25 * 25 * 300
Cement-aggregate was than (weight ratio) 1: 2.25
Water cement ratio (weight ratio) 0.47
Alkali content in the cement is (with equivalent Na
2The O meter)/% 1.0
Aggregate size (mm) 0.160～5
Chemical admixture (with Li/ (Na+K) molar ratio computing) is identical with addition content to be detected
The particle size and the weight thereof of described aggregate consist of:
2.5～5 (mm) 10% (weight)
1.25～2.5 (mm) 25% (weight)
0.630～1.25 (mm) 25% (weight)
0.315～0.630 (mm) 25% (weight)
0.160～0.315 (mm) 15% (weight)
The curing temperature of described concrete mortar rod is 80 ℃.
The aqueous solution that consists of NaOH and chemical admixture of the maintenance solution of described concrete mortar rod, wherein the content of NaOH is 1mol/L, the content of chemical admixture is 50% (with the Li/ in the solution (Na+K) molar ratio computing) of addition content to be detected.
It is that the expansivity in the 28 day length of time is less than 0.10% that described chemical admixture can effectively suppress examination criteria that concrete alkali aggregate reaction expands.
Chemical admixture of the present invention suppress alkali validity method for quick result of determination and CSAA23.2-14A or ASTM C 1293---the result of determination of concrete Prism Method (CPT) has good consistance.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with example the present invention is done further argumentation, but embodiment should not regard the qualification to right of the present invention as.
Embodiment 1
As reactive aggregates, add 0,0.74,0.89,1.11 LiNO respectively with Spratt Aggregate with the Li/ in concrete rod or the mortar bars (Na+K) molar ratio computing
3Adopt concrete Prism Method (CSA A23.2-14A simultaneously, CPT) judge that with the method for quick that chemical admixture involved in the present invention suppresses the validity of alkali the lithium salts under the different addition content conditions suppresses the validity of concrete alkali aggregate reaction, the results are shown in table 1.Wherein, CPT is the swell value of 2 terms, and the foundation that chemical admixture can effectively suppress the concrete alkali aggregate reaction expansion is swell value＜0.04%; New method is 28 days a swell value, and the foundation that chemical admixture can effectively suppress the concrete alkali aggregate reaction expansion is swell value＜0.10%, down together.By table as can be seen, the LiNO of admixture Li/ (Na+K) mol ratio 1.11
3Can effectively suppress alkali and expand the LiNO of admixture Li/ (Na+K) mol ratio 0.74,0.89
3Can partly suppress alkali and expand, but can not be in full force and effect, CPT is consistent with the new method testing result.
Embodiment 2
As reactive aggregates, add 0,0.74,0.89,1.11 LiNO respectively with Conrad Aggregate with Li/ (Na+K) molar ratio computing
3The method for quick that adopts concrete Prism Method (CSA A23.2-14A) and chemical admixture involved in the present invention to suppress the validity of alkali simultaneously judges that the lithium salts under the different addition content conditions suppresses the validity of concrete alkali aggregate reaction, the results are shown in table 1.By table as can be seen, the LiNO of admixture Li/ (Na+K) mol ratio 1.11
3Can effectively suppress alkali and expand the LiNO of admixture Li/ (Na+K) mol ratio 0.74,0.89
3Can partly suppress alkali and expand, but can not be in full force and effect, CPT is consistent with the new method testing result.
Embodiment 3
As reactive aggregates, add 0,0.56,0.74,0.89,1.11 LiNO respectively with Sherbrooke Aggregate with Li/ (Na+K) molar ratio computing
3The method for quick that adopts concrete Prism Method (CSAA23.2-14A) and chemical admixture involved in the present invention to suppress the validity of alkali simultaneously judges that the lithium salts under the different addition content conditions suppresses the validity of concrete alkali aggregate reaction, the results are shown in table 1.By table as can be seen, the LiNO of admixture Li/ (Na+K) mol ratio 1.11
3Can effectively suppress alkali and expand the LiNO of admixture Li/ (Na+K) mol ratio 0.56,0.74,0.89
3Can partly suppress alkali and expand, but can not be in full force and effect, CPT is consistent with the new method testing result.
Embodiment 4
As reactive aggregates, add 0,0.56,0.74 LiNO respectively with Sudbury Aggregate with Li/ (Na+K) molar ratio computing
3The method for quick that adopts concrete Prism Method (CSA A23.2-14A) and chemical admixture involved in the present invention to suppress the validity of alkali simultaneously judges that the lithium salts under the different addition content conditions suppresses the validity of concrete alkali aggregate reaction, the results are shown in table 1.By table as can be seen, the LiNO of admixture Li/ (Na+K) mol ratio 0.74
3Can effectively suppress alkali and expand the LiNO of admixture Li/ (Na+K) mol ratio 0.56
3Can partly suppress alkali and expand, but can not be in full force and effect, CPT is consistent with the new method testing result.
The swell value result that table 1 CPT and new method are measured
| Li/ (Na+K) mol ratio | ||||||
| 0 | 0.56 | 0.74 | 0.89 | 1.11 | ||
| Spratt Aggregate | CPT | 0.162 | - | 0.085 | 0.049 | 0.032 |
| New method | 0.602 | - | 0.223 | 0.155 | 0.088 | |
| Conrad Aggregate | CPT | 0.142 | - | 0.131 | 0.082 | 0.036 |
| New method | 0.493 | - | 0.385 | 0.213 | 0.089 | |
| Sherbrooke Aggregate | CPT | 0.112 | 0.103 | 0.068 | 0.055 | 0.031 |
| New method | 0.291 | 0.276 | 0.262 | 0.162 | 0.050 | |
| Sudbury Aggregate | CPT | 0.122 | 0.088 | 0.016 | - | - |
| New method | 0.481 | 0.120 | 0.026 | - | - | |
This explanation, with respect to CSA A23.2-14A or ASTM C 1293---concrete Prism Method (CPT), the result of determination and the pairing result of determination of said method of the method for quick of the validity of chemical admixture inhibition alkali have good consistance.
The major parameter of the concrete mortar rod described in the above embodiment is:
Slurry barred body size/(mm * mm * mm) 25 * 25 * 300
Cement-aggregate was than (weight ratio) 1: 2.25
Water cement ratio (weight ratio) 0.47
Alkali content in the cement is (with equivalent Na
2The O meter)/% 1.0
Aggregate size (mm) 0.160～5
Chemical admixture (with Li/ (Na+K) molar ratio computing) is identical with addition content to be detected
The particle size and the weight thereof of described aggregate consist of:
2.5～5 (mm) 10% (weight)
1.25～2.5 (mm) 25% (weight)
0.630～1.25 (mm) 25% (weight)
0.315～0.630 (mm) 25% (weight)
0.160～0.315 (mm) 15% (weight)
The curing temperature of described concrete mortar rod is 80 ℃.
The aqueous solution that consists of NaOH and chemical admixture of the maintenance solution of described concrete mortar rod, wherein the content of NaOH is 1mol/L, the content of chemical admixture is 50% (with the Li/ in the solution (Na+K) molar ratio computing) of addition content to be detected.
It is that the expansivity in the 28 day length of time is less than 0.10% that described chemical admixture can effectively suppress examination criteria that concrete alkali aggregate reaction expands.
Claims (6)
1. the fast detecting and the decision method of additive validity in strengthening concrete durability, realize by following step:
1) making of concrete mortar rod: cement, sand, aggregate, chemical admixture are the concrete mortar rod that primary raw material is made, and the demoulding behind moulding at normal temperatures, the 24h is measured its initial length with comparator;
2) maintenance of concrete mortar rod: place the maintenance solution of uniform temperature to carry out maintenance the concrete mortar rod, contain a certain amount of chemical admixture in the maintenance solution, in maintenance processes, keep internal and external equilibrium to keep the contained effective ion of chemical admixture in the mortar bars;
3) by with comparator the swell value of concrete mortar rod being detected the length of time and reference standard is estimated.
2. the fast detecting and the decision method of additive according to claim 1 validity in strengthening concrete durability is characterized in that the major parameter of described concrete mortar rod is:
Barred body size 25mm * 25 mm * 300mm
Cement-aggregate weight ratio 1: 2.25
Water ash weight ratio 0.47
With equivalent Na
2Alkali content 1.0% in the cement of O meter
Aggregate size 0.160mm～5mm
Chemical admixture is identical with addition content to be detected with Li/ (Na+K) molar ratio computing.
3. the fast detecting and the decision method of additive according to claim 1 validity in strengthening concrete durability is characterized in that the particle size and the weight thereof of described aggregate consist of:
2.5～5mm 10％
1.25～2.5mm 25％
0.630～1.25mm 25％
0.315～0.630mm 25％
0.160～0.315mm 15％。
4. the fast appraisement method of additive according to claim 1 validity in strengthening concrete durability is characterized in that the curing temperature of described concrete mortar rod is 80 ℃.
5. the fast detecting and the decision method of additive according to claim 1 validity in strengthening concrete durability, it is characterized in that, the aqueous solution that consists of NaOH and chemical admixture of the maintenance solution of described concrete mortar rod, wherein the content of NaOH is 1mol/L, and the content of chemical admixture is 50% of addition content to be detected with the Li/ in the solution (Na+K) molar ratio computing.
6. according to the fast detecting and the decision method of the described additive of one of claim 1～4 validity in strengthening concrete durability, it is characterized in that it is that the expansivity in the 28 day length of time is less than 0.10% that described chemical admixture can effectively suppress examination criteria that concrete alkali aggregate reaction expands.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2007101906348A CN101196512B (en) | 2007-11-27 | 2007-11-27 | Method for fast detecting and deciding validity of additive used for reinforcing concrete permanent stability |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2007101906348A CN101196512B (en) | 2007-11-27 | 2007-11-27 | Method for fast detecting and deciding validity of additive used for reinforcing concrete permanent stability |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101196512A true CN101196512A (en) | 2008-06-11 |
| CN101196512B CN101196512B (en) | 2011-12-21 |
Family
ID=39547050
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2007101906348A Expired - Fee Related CN101196512B (en) | 2007-11-27 | 2007-11-27 | Method for fast detecting and deciding validity of additive used for reinforcing concrete permanent stability |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN101196512B (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103235112A (en) * | 2013-04-26 | 2013-08-07 | 西南交通大学 | Test method for evaluating inhibition availability of inhibition material to alkali-aggregate reaction |
| CN104950099A (en) * | 2015-06-17 | 2015-09-30 | 福建省大地管桩有限公司 | Autoclave curing concrete admixture activity index inspection method |
| CN114459986A (en) * | 2022-03-23 | 2022-05-10 | 内蒙古科技大学 | Concrete alkali silicate reaction life prediction method based on rapid mortar rod method |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1084841A (en) * | 1992-09-29 | 1994-04-06 | 江苏省建筑科学研究院 | High effect cement curing agent |
| US5656075A (en) * | 1995-05-10 | 1997-08-12 | W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Control of expansion in concrete due to alkali silica reaction |
| CA2230984C (en) * | 1995-09-08 | 2011-01-04 | Fmc Corporation | Cement compositions for controlling alkali-silica reactions in concrete and processes for making same |
| JP2002145650A (en) * | 2000-11-01 | 2002-05-22 | Kajima Corp | Production process of concrete aggregate and concrete aggregate |
| JP4843271B2 (en) * | 2005-07-22 | 2011-12-21 | 宇部興産株式会社 | Cement composition for inhibiting alkali silica reaction and cement-containing composition |
-
2007
- 2007-11-27 CN CN2007101906348A patent/CN101196512B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103235112A (en) * | 2013-04-26 | 2013-08-07 | 西南交通大学 | Test method for evaluating inhibition availability of inhibition material to alkali-aggregate reaction |
| CN104950099A (en) * | 2015-06-17 | 2015-09-30 | 福建省大地管桩有限公司 | Autoclave curing concrete admixture activity index inspection method |
| CN114459986A (en) * | 2022-03-23 | 2022-05-10 | 内蒙古科技大学 | Concrete alkali silicate reaction life prediction method based on rapid mortar rod method |
| CN114459986B (en) * | 2022-03-23 | 2024-04-05 | 内蒙古科技大学 | Concrete alkali silicate reaction life prediction method based on rapid mortar rod method |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN101196512B (en) | 2011-12-21 |
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