CN101194198A - Adaptive electro-active lens with variable focal length - Google Patents

Abstract

An adjustable focusing electrically controllable electroactive lens is provided. The adjustable focusing electrically controllable electroactive lens can adjust the focal length discretely or continuously. The lens can be incorporated in a variety of optical devices including spectacles.

Description

Has pancratic adaptive electro-active lens

The cross-reference of related application

The application requires No. 60/645839 U.S. Provisional Application No. in submission on January 21st, 2005, and this U.S. Provisional Application is incorporated herein by reference in this integral body.

Background technology

Rectification to eyes, relevant with age optical change continues growth and becomes more and more important along with life expectancy.Eyes, relevant with the age a kind of optical change are presbyopias, wherein are difficult to object is closely focused on the retina owing to the crystalline lens flexibility reduces.The presbyopia begins to influence people usually when people's one's forties, therefore be starved of it is carried out vision correction.Eyeglass with fixing focussing property has been used as glasses and the contact lenses of correcting presbyopia and other situations widely.

If eyeglass has adjustable focusing multiplying power (focusing power) (that is, focus on multiplying power and do not fix), these eyeglasses are the most useful so.Adjustable focusing multiplying power provides outside adjusting to eyes, thereby the object of being paid close attention at different distance place is focused on the focus.Adjustable focusing multiplying power can utilize the zoom lens of machinery to realize.But mechanical means makes the glasses volume big and expensive.

In bifocal, utilized different optical technologies not only to allow near vision but also allow distance vision.For example, the user can wear the different lens that focus on multiplying power to every eyes are provided, and lens are used for close objects, and another lens are used for remote object.Interchangeable is that by area dividing, bifocus diffraction lens or other partitioning technologies that utilizes lens, closely object and remote object are imaged onto on the retina simultaneously, and brain is distinguished these images.Except the bifocus diffraction lens, utilize the visual field of these optical technologies very little.And, because iris stops the light beam that passes the lens annular section, can not play a role well so work as pupil hour these optical technologies.The another kind that is used to correct is selected to be to use the mono-vision lens, and wherein for every eyes provide different focusing multiplying powers, one is used for closer object, and another is used for remote object.But, when using the mono-vision lens, can influence binocular depth perception.

But lens that the TURP that uses changes have been described (for example in optical system, have the lens that are clipped in two liquid crystal layers between the current-carrying plate, wherein the orientation of liquid crystal changes when applying electric field) (for example, referring to Kowel, Appl.Opt.23 (16), 2774-2777 (1984); Dance, Laser Focus World 28,34 (1992)).But in the lens that TURP changes, after deliberation various structures, it comprises Fresnel region plate electrode structure (Williams, SPIE Current Developments in Optical Engineeringand Commercial Optics, 1168,352-357 (1989); McOwan, OpticsCommunications 103,189-193 (1993)).Pancratic liquid crystal lens (Sato, Jap.J.Appl.Phys.24 (8), L626-L628 (1985)) has been described.But the use of liquid crystal lens in lens is used be owing to many factors are restricted, and these factors comprise that when focal length changes diffraction efficiency is very low and cause switching time slow by the desired thickness of liquid crystal layer.Need a kind of improved lens with adjustable focusing multiplying power.

Summary of the invention

A kind of novel lens design and equipment and the method that is used to adjust the focal length of lens accordingly are provided.This new design is based on separately addressable electrode pattern.Described herein is this newly-designed two application.First application is to allow focal length to switch between discontinuous value.In one embodiment, focal length switches between the integral multiple of initial focal length and this initial focal length.Second uses the more common purposes of permission, wherein according to design parameter focal length is adjusted to infinity continuously from possible minimum value.This new design has overcome above-described difficulty.

Or rather, but a kind of electro-active lens (electroactive lens) of the electricity control of adjusting focusing is provided.But also be provided for discontinuously or adjust continuously the several different methods of the electro-active lens of electricity control.But the electro-active lens of electricity control allows do not having to adjust focal length under the situation of heavy and invalid mechanical motion.With look (simultaneousvision) lens simultaneously and compare with the mono-vision lens, electricity activates to adjust and focuses on multiplying power, and under every kind of condition of work, whole aperture all has identical focusing multiplying power, described lens such as bifocal slasses, trifocal or Progressive eyeglasses or the contact lenses looked simultaneously, wherein the visual field of each sight line all is restricted to narrow passage and user in the face of two images, and in described mono-vision lens, binocular depth perception is affected.But the equipment of being made by the lens of the electricity control that can adjust focusing need not provide big visual field and high image quality for adjustable focusing under situation about switching between the different physics lens.Other advantages of this lens comprise that compactness, weight are light, cost is low and work under the situation of low-voltage and low-power consumption easilier.

In one embodiment, but provide a kind of electro-active lens of adjusting the electricity control of focusing, this electro-active lens comprises: be positioned at the liquid crystal layer between a pair of transparent substrates; The patterned electrode of Fresnel region (a Fresnel zone patternedelectrode) with M zone, each zone all have the liquid crystal layer and first transparent substrates towards the separately addressable subregion of the L between the interior surface, wherein M and L are positive integers; And the liquid crystal layer and second transparent substrates towards the conductive layer between the interior surface.The separately addressable subregion of the patterned electrode of this Fresnel region can be positioned on the same surface level, wherein these subregions are separated by insulator, to prevent electrical short, perhaps the separately addressable subregion of the patterned electrode of this Fresnel region can be positioned on two or more surface levels, each surface level is all separated by insulation course, perhaps can use other structures as be known in the art.

The method of the integral multiple of a kind of initial focal length F of focal length adjustment with lens is provided, and this method comprises: lens are provided, and these lens comprise: the lens that are sealed in the liquid crystal layer between a pair of transparent substrates; The liquid crystal layer and first transparent substrates towards the patterned electrode of Fresnel region between the interior surface, described composition electrode has M zone, each zone all has the L sub regions, described composition electrode has ML separately addressable electrode altogether; The liquid crystal layer and second transparent substrates towards the conductive layer between the interior surface; And the controller for electric consumption that is electrically connected to electrode zone and conductive layer; Apply identical voltage for every k separately addressable electrode, thereby focal length is adjusted into kF, wherein k is the integer from 1 to ML.Can discontinuously focal length be adjusted to infinity from F.

A kind of method of focal length of continuous adjustment lens is provided, and this method comprises: lens (a) are provided, and these lens comprise the liquid crystal layer that is sealed between a pair of transparent substrates; The patterned electrode of Fresnel region, its have this liquid crystal layer and first transparent substrates towards L the order of diffraction between the interior surface, described composition electrode is the circular array of separately addressable a plurality of rings; The liquid crystal layer and second transparent substrates towards the conductive layer between the interior surface; And the controller for electric consumption that is electrically connected to electrode zone and conductive layer; (b) determine desirable focal length (f '); (c) utilize equation: r _m ²+ f ' ²=(f '+m λ) ²Calculate the area in m zone of the patterned electrode of Fresnel region, wherein f ' is the design focal length, and λ is a design wavelength, and r _mIt is the radius of m sub regions; (d) remove the area in m the zone that calculates with L or bigger integer, to determine to form the quantity of the separately addressable electrode that designs subregion; (e) the separately addressable electrode of these quantity in the design subregion applies identical voltage.This method that is used for adjusting continuously focal length also comprises before in step (a): determine one or more design focal lengths; Calculate the maximum loop size in the patterned electrode of Fresnel region, this maximum loop size allows to form all design focal lengths in the design subregion.

In one embodiment, electrode zone is formed by patterned ITO (tin indium oxide) electrode.Utilize the electric field applied to modulate phase delay in each zone by being redirected liquid crystal, as be known in the art like that.

But the electro-active lens of adjusting the electricity control of focusing described herein provides many advantages that are better than current method.An advantage is to change adjustably the focusing multiplying power of lens.The focal length of diffraction lens is come to determine by electrode zone at interval.In the lens described herein, electrode pattern is fixed, and can directly change focal length by electric drive connection that changes to electrode and the voltage that is applied.In one embodiment, separately addressable electrode zone allows to correct the eyesight of different distance, comprises closely (for example, reading), intermediate distance (for example, computer screen) and remote eyesight.Focusing on multiplying power can directly adjust or by user's manual adjustment by stadimeter.In one embodiment, microelectronic circuit combines with lens, so this assembly is very compact.And electrode structure is sightless, and this provides the advantage aspect decoration that is better than platform liquid crystal scheme.Remote eyesight (the focusing multiplying power that is provided when not providing electric current) can be provided in the loss of electric power.Under every kind of condition of work, whole aperture has identical focusing multiplying power.Allow relatively large aperture in this described in one embodiment Fresnel region structure, this aperture is that eyeglass is used desired.That other advantages of the present invention described herein comprise is compact to design, weight is light, cost is low, works under the situation that low-voltage and low-power dissipate easilier.

As known in the art, the focal length of lens described herein and corresponding dioptric value can be positive or negative according to the voltage that is applied.These modification are that those of ordinary skill in the art just can be known under the situation of not carrying out improper experiment, and comprise these modification at this.

Such as used in this, " adjustable focusing " means, the focal length of lens is not being fixed as a distance in the conventional optical lens.By utilizing device well known in the art to change the focal length that the voltage adjustment that is applied to electrode can be adjusted condenser lens.In one embodiment, thus the user adjusts focal length sees object in desirable distance." separately addressable " means and can apply identical or different voltage independently to different electrodes." but electricity control " means that applying voltage controls or change parameter, and is such as the directed state that changes liquid crystal, such as known in the art." adjust continuously " and mean that focal length can be adjusted into not is to be many different values of the multiple of original focal length accurately, and because the physical restriction of at present patterned electrode manufacturing technology, " adjusting continuously " might not mean that each different focal length all is available.

As used in this, " layer " and do not require it is complete uniformly film.May have that some are in uneven thickness, break or other defect, as long as it is this layer is realized its its intended purposes, as the described herein such.As used in this, " vertically " mean the surface that is approximately perpendicular to substrate.Notice that optical axis generally is the surface that is approximately perpendicular to substrate.As used in this, " not having horizontal gap " between the electrode comprises does not wherein have situation at interval between the electrode when vertically watching, and comprise wherein when vertically watching, having between the electrode at interval but its diffraction efficiency that can't make optical instrument reduces situation greater than 25% and wherein all each value and scope from theoretical maximum.

Equipment of the present invention can be used in the various application as known in the art, comprises the vision correction that is used for the mankind or animal or the lens of modification.These lens can be incorporated in the glasses, as known in the art.Glasses can comprise lens or more than lens.These equipment also can be used in the display application, are not carrying out improper experiment just can know as those of ordinary skills.Lens of the present invention also can use with conventional lenses and optical system.Lens of the present invention can for example be inserted in the conventional lenses as the part of conventional lenses, perhaps can stack manner use the combination of conventional lenses and lens of the present invention.

The present invention is useful in the preparation glasses, and described glasses have according to the lens of adjusting focus strength apart from the distance of observed object.In one embodiment, range finding mechanism, battery and control circuit is accommodated in the glasses or the part of control system independently.These parts and uses thereof are being known in the art.As an example, range finding mechanism is used for determining glasses and desirable distance between objects.This information is supplied to microprocessor, and this microprocessor adjustment is applied to the voltage of separately addressable electrode, and this provides desirable transmission of phase function to watch this object to lens.

Such as known in the art, can use the whole bag of tricks to electrode application voltage.Can use battery to come service voltage, perhaps use additive method, as known in the art.Known in this area, can use control to be applied to the whole bag of tricks of all aspects of the voltage of electrode, these methods comprise processor, microprocessor, integrated circuit and computer chip.The voltage that is applied determined by desirable transmission of phase function, as known in the art.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 illustrates the graphic extension of diffraction lens: chart (a) is conventional refractor; Chart (b) is the diffraction lens with continuous secondary indentation (blaze) profile; Chart (c) is the binary diffraction lens; Chart (d) is that the level Four of diffraction lens is approximate.

Fig. 2 illustrates the structure of diffraction lens.

Fig. 3 illustrates liquid crystal cells.

Fig. 4 illustrates the general structure that the electricity with patterned electrode activates liquid crystal lens.

Fig. 5 A illustrates wherein all electrodes structure (single layer structure) in the same plane, wherein between contiguous subregion little gap is arranged.

The electrode that Fig. 5 B illustrates the electrode that wherein is numbered odd number and is numbered even number is staggered into two flat seams and structure (double-decker) very close to each other between contiguous subregion.

Fig. 6 illustrates the example of the digital variable focal length that utilizes separately addressable electrode pattern.

Fig. 7 illustrates and utilizes the separately addressable circular array focusing of the electrode with suitable resolution to adjust continuously.

Embodiment

In order to understand the present invention better, recall the key concept of liquid crystal cells herein briefly, and the principle of the basic concepts of diffraction lens and adaptive lens.

Diffraction lens

Diffraction lens is being known in the art.The function of diffraction lens is based on the near field diffraction pattern of Fresnel region pattern.Each point that sends from this structure all is used as the emitter of spherical wave.The light field at specific observation station place is the spherical wave the launched total to the contribution of total.Constructive interference from the spherical wave of each point produces high strength in observation station, and this high strength is corresponding to high-diffraction efficiency.

Fig. 1 illustrates the graphic extension of diffraction lens: chart (a) is conventional refractor; Chart (b) is the diffraction lens with continuous secondary indentation profile; Chart (c) is the binary diffraction lens; Chart (d) is that the level Four of diffraction lens is approximate.

The chart of Fig. 1 (a) illustrates the part of conventional refractor.The phase delay of the multiple of 2 π by removing refractor has obtained the diffraction lens shown in the chart (b) as Fig. 1.The phase jump at each place, zone boundary is for design wavelength lambda ₀All be 2 π, and the indentation profile in each zone form constructive interference completely at the focus place.The chart (d) of the chart of Fig. 1 (c) and Fig. 1 shows different being similar to desirable phase outline among Fig. 1 (b), and wherein a plurality of ladders in each zone all are used for being similar to desirable phase outline.

Fig. 2 illustrates the structure of diffraction lens.Demonstrate focal length (f) along optical axis.Demonstrate radius (r perpendicular to optical axis _m).Notice that light enters radius (r _m) lens and arrive path that focal point F advances and be equivalent to focal length (f) and add an integer wavelength (m λ) so that have constructive interference.

In other words, the focal length of diffraction lens (f) was determined by these regional cycles.Path length difference is the multiple of wavelength.For m zone, notice that f+m λ is the hypotenuse of the right-angle triangle among Fig. 2:

$r_m^2+{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="f"\; filenames="S2006800092632E00071.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">f</figure-callout>}}^2={(f+\mathrm{m\&lambda;})}^2---\left(1\right)$

For paraxial approximation, f＞＞m λ, the radius of these zones or zone boundary (r) is provided by following formula

${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="r\; m"\; filenames="S2006800092632E00071.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">r</figure-callout>}}_m^{}=2\mathrm{m\&lambda;f}---\left(2a\right)$

R wherein _mBe that (λ is a wavelength to m for m=1, the 2...M) external diameter in individual zone, and f is a focal length.For L order diffraction lens, each zone all is made up of the equal L sub regions of size (area).Note that the L sub regions is arranged, and each subregion all has different optical thicknesses, therefore, have L phase level.

The external diameter of the n sub regions (n=1,2,3...L, L are the quantity of the phase level in each zone) in m zone is provided by following formula

$r_m^n=\sqrt{2[(m-1)+n/L]\mathrm{\&lambda;f}}---\left(2b\right)$

This has determined the Fresnel region pattern, and it is at r ²The time be periodic.This cycle equals r ₁ ²Note r ₁Be the radius of first area, and each zone all have area identical.The focal length of diffraction lens is

$f=\frac{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="r"\; filenames="S2006800092632E00011.png,S2006800092632E00061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">r</figure-callout>}}_1^2}{2\mathrm{\&lambda;}}---\left(3\right)$

Top equation means can be by selecting to change focal length regional cycle.For focal length is the lens of pf, and each regional size (area) is pr ₁ ²

The diffraction efficiency of multistage diffraction lens (or L phase level diffraction lens) is provided by following formula

$\mathrm{\&eta;}={\sin c}^2(1/L)={\left[\frac{\sin (\mathrm{\&pi;}/L)}{\mathrm{\&pi;}/L}\right]}^2---\left(4\right)$

Table 1 has provided each parameter of 1-diopter diffraction lens.As shown in table 1, diffraction efficiency increases along with the increase of the quantity of phase level, and the width of last subregion reduces along with the increase in the aperture of lens.

Table 1

Phase level	Diffraction efficiency	With μ m is the width of last subregion of unit
				The lens in 10mm aperture	The lens in 20mm aperture
		?2	?40.5％			56	?28
?4	?81.1％			28	?14
		?6	?91.2％			19	?9
?8	?95.0％			14	?7
		?16	?98.7％			7	?3.5

Liquid crystal cells

Liquid crystal cells is known in the art.Many unit structures of liquid crystal cells also are known with operating in this area.

Fig. 3 illustrates the illustrated embodiment that electricity activates liquid crystal cells, and wherein liquid crystal layer is sandwiched between two glass plates with electrically conductive inner surface.The surface applied of these two plates has the alignment such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (PVA) or nylon 6,6, and these surfaces handle by rubbing, to provide uniform molecular orientation.As known in the art, along the direction shown in the arrow alignment is polished.Electrically conductive inner surface to plate applies voltage.Activate in the unit at the electricity that utilizes liquid crystal as electro-optical medium, each zone all has identical thickness, still, when when this medium applies voltage, changes owing to redirecting of liquid crystal molecule makes the refractive index of unusual light beam.As shown in Figure 3, the polishing direction has been determined the initial orientation of liquid crystal molecule.The major axis of liquid crystal molecule (optical axis) is vertically aimed at.When applying suitable voltage, the molecule rotation.Effective refractive index (n _θ') provide by following formula

$n_e^{\&prime;}\left(\mathrm{\&theta;}\right)=\frac{n_o{n}_e}{\sqrt{(n_e^2{\sin }^2\mathrm{\&theta;}+n_o^2{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="cos"\; filenames="S2006800092632E00071.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">cos</figure-callout>}}^2\mathrm{\&theta;})}}---\left(5\right)$

N wherein _oAnd n _eBe respectively the refractive index of ordinary light beam and unusual light beam, θ is the optical axis of molecule and the angle between the Z-axis.Unusual light beam has largest refractive index n at first _θAlong with the increase of the voltage that is applied, effective refractive index n _θ' become littler, and when applying saturation voltage, the optical axis of molecule is flatly aimed at, and effective refractive index n _θ' reach minimum, and equal n _oThe refractive index of (horizontal polarization) ordinary light beam is always identical.Therefore, electrooptical effect is modulated the effective refractive index of unusual light beam.

In the liquid crystal cells described herein, the conductive material on substrate does not form uniform layer, but forms electrode pattern, and is such as described further on this.

Fig. 4 illustrates the general structure that the electricity with patterned electrode activates liquid crystal lens.From top to bottom, these layers comprise:

410 substrates,

420 patterned electrodes (separately controllable electrode),

430 alignment,

440 liquid crystal and 450 spacers (or a plurality of spacer),

430 alignment,

460 ground connection, and

410 substrates.

Especially, Fig. 4 is illustrated in the general structure that this used electricity activates liquid crystal lens.Liquid crystal layer 430 is clipped between patterned electrode 420 and the ground-electrode 460.Patterned electrode 430 can be made by the photoetching treatment that is deposited on the conducting film on the glass substrate, and as known in the art, and ground-electrode 460 comprises the uniform conductive layer that forms according to any way known in the field.These patterned electrodes comprise the circular array of many rings, and the radius of these rings is determined by desirable focal length, and is as the described herein such.But the electrooptical effect of liquid crystal 440 causes the birefringence of electricity control.Change the phase outline of crossing over lens by apply suitable voltage to patterned electrode, as this further described.

Conductive material can be any suitable material, and these materials are included in this special those materials and other materials of describing known in the field.Preferably, this conductive material is transparent, such as indium oxide, tin oxide or tin indium oxide (ITO).Substrate can be can provide desirable optical transmission and can equipment described herein and method in any material of playing a role, such as quartzy, glass or plastics, as known in the art.The thickness of conductive layer is usually between 30nm and 200nm.This layer must enough thickly get the conduction that provides enough, but can not thickly must provide excessive thickness to the overall lens structure.Patterned electrode 420 can utilize photoetching technique to form, all as the described herein like that and those of ordinary skill in the art known like that.

Fig. 5 A illustrates wherein all electrodes structure (single layer structure) at grade, wherein has little gap between the territory, adjacent subarea.By lead 520 controller or driver 510 are connected to through hole or contact 530, these through holes or contact 530 are connected to separately controllable electrode 540 successively.Note, can make lead 520 and electrode 540 electrical isolations, can make lead optionally touch electrode by through hole (hole in the described insulation course or passage) or contact 530 then by the insulation course (not shown).Such contact is manufactured in the manufacturing photoetching and is known in the integrated circuit manufacturing.

Or rather, Fig. 5 A illustrate in one deck with one heart, the electrode lay-out that circularizes of individually addressable (can control separately).Ignore lead 520 and through hole, because all electrodes are all in individual layer, so this layout is restricted to " individual layer " structure by insulating.

Alternately, lead 520 can closely combine in the bus (not shown) that radially moves with respect to concentric ring electrode.

Note, can utilize other patterned electrode shape.For example, hexagonal array can comprise hexagonal pixels, and perhaps grid array can comprise square pixel, and perhaps erose set can be proofreaied and correct asymmetric refraction error.Can make the electrode of irregular or complicated shaping and proofread and correct distinctive asymmetric or unconventional or high-order refraction error.In addition, these electrodes can have along the variable thickness of optical axis direction, so that form and liquid crystal complex interactions more.

Alternately,, can control the concentric ring that the array with high pixel density comes approximate diagram 5A, to form diffraction lens if particularly be engaged in the width of a ring electrode more than two pixels.The array of this high pixel density also can be similar to more complicated shape.

Get back to Fig. 5 A, it is 1 electrode that inner most ring electrode is defined as numbering, outwards count down to the 16th outmost electrode.Notice that inner most electrode preferably can be wholecircle shape rather than annular, but Fig. 5 A shows the ring of symmetry, and so that clearly show that through hole or contact 530 with inner most ring electrode.

In order to form 4 grades or 4 phase place diffraction lenss, inner most four rings are combined into a zone.This first area comprises electrode 1-4, outwards numbers from inner most electrode.Among these electrodes 1-4 each all is the subregion of first area.Second area comprises electrode 5-8.The 3rd zone comprises electrode 9-12.The 4th zone comprises electrode 13-16.The combination results of this 16 electrodes has 4 grades of (or phase place) diffraction lenss in 4 zones.

As discussed above, each ring electrode 540 all can be by lead 520 addressing independently.If all electrodes all are distributed in the layer, between adjacent electrode, the electrical isolation gap must be arranged so.Gaps between electrodes may cause phase distortion, and the simulation of this design demonstrates this phase distortion and may influence diffraction efficiency and other performance measurements widely.

In order to alleviate, can use other electrode structures by the caused distortion of the clearance for insulation between the electrode in the single layer designs.For example, ring electrode can be separated into two different layers, to form " bilayer " design.

Especially, the ring that is numbered odd number can be arranged in an electrode layer, and the ring that is numbered even number can be arranged in the second electrode lay separately.These two different electrode layers can be by such as SiO ₂Insulation course isolate.

The electrode that Fig. 5 B illustrates the electrode that wherein is numbered odd number and is numbered even number is staggered into two flat seams and structure (double-decker) very close to each other between contiguous subregion.

Controller or driver 510 are delivered to these electrodes by lead 520, and these combination of electrodes become to have the layer 542 and the layer 544 with odd loop of even loop.These two electrode layers are by insulation course SiO ₂544 isolate.For the photolithographic fabrication aligning also shows chromium (Cr) alignment mark 560.Also show regional m 580 and regional m+1 590, it is corresponding to the zone of the adjacency of Fig. 5 A.

In Fig. 5 B, demonstrate the xsect of two-layer electrode figure, wherein when vertically observing (observing), be numbered odd number and be distributed in two layers that separate with the ring that is numbered even number along optical axis, and very close to each other between two adjacent electrodes.Especially, be noted that regional m 580 is from r _mExtend to r _M+1, and comprise 4 electrodes altogether.2 in 4 electrodes among the m 580 of zone is to be numbered the electrode of even number and to be arranged in layer 542, and all the other 2 electrodes among the regional m 580 are arranged in layer 544.

In this case, as under the individual layer situation, each ring electrode 540 can be by through hole from extra layer (not shown Fig. 5 B) addressing individually.Lead 520 can be arranged in any position easily or layer.

Be to form a double-deck example below.Substrate for patterned electrode being applied thereto is deposited on alignment mark 560 on the conductive layer.Any suitable material all can be used to alignment mark, such as chromium (Cr).Alignment mark 560 allows various photo etched masks suitably to aim at substrate, and therefore allow the aligning of pattern, described pattern forms in the procedure of processing that each mask with utilization " mask set " is associated, described " mask set " is manufactured, has desirable total lithographic resolution of electrode when patterned with convenient electrode.Utilize method known in this field and described herein in conductive layer, to constitute a part in the zone of patterned electrode.Will be such as SiO ₂One deck insulator deposition of 550 is to patterned conductor layer.Second layer conductor is deposited to SiO ₂Go up and in second layer conductor, form the second portion of patterned electrode zone.

The alignment (not shown) places on the second layer conductor and is positioned at second substrate conductors top.Prepare alignment by means commonly known in the art, such as preparing by unidirectional friction.Used alignment is the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) or the nylon 6,6 of spin coating at present.Preferably, with the alignment on the substrate according to another substrate on the antiparallel direction of alignment rub.This provides the suitable aligning of liquid crystal, as known in the art.One deck liquid crystal is placed between the substrate, and with the glass spacer substrate is separated desirable distance (such as separating between 3 microns to 20 microns), perhaps with other modes well known in the art substrate is separated.Spacer can be any desirable material, and all mylars in this way, glass or quartz are perhaps for providing desirable interval useful other materials.In order to obtain effective diffraction, liquid crystal layer must the enough thick delay that is activated (d＞λ/δ n～2.5 μ m, wherein δ n is the birefringence of liquid crystal media) so that a wavelength to be provided, but thicker liquid crystal layer helps avoid saturated phenomenon.The shortcoming of thicker unit comprises that switching time, length (was proportional to d ²) and the electric loss that activates feature definition.Transparent substrates can be separated any distance, and this allows the patterned electrode of desired quantity and the liquid crystal layer of desired thickness.In a particular embodiment, transparent substrates is separated between 3 microns to 20 microns, and wherein all each value and scopes.Preferably be 5 microns at interval at present.

At work, applying refraction index changing by controller to electrode is the required voltage of degree of wishing." controller " can comprise processor, microprocessor, integrated circuit, IC, computer chip and/or chip, perhaps is included in above-mentioned processor, microprocessor, integrated circuit, IC, computer chip and/or the chip.Usually, apply up to the about voltage of 2Vrms to electrode.Phase locked, Waveform Control driver is connected to each electrode group according to the collocation form of common ground.At the focusing diffraction efficiency of maximum and optimize a plurality of driver amplitudes simultaneously.As known in the art, determine refractive index is become the degree of hope and required function of voltage by used liquid crystal or liquid crystal compound.

Fig. 6 shows the example of the digital variable focal length that utilizes separately addressable electrode pattern.Chart (a) is corresponding to basic focal length F, and this basic focal length F determines (that is the cycle of initial configuration) by the area of initial single electrode.The cycle of this structure is the area of initial single electrode.Focal length can be increased to the multiple of F by the cycle that under the situation that does not influence diffraction efficiency, increases lens.Chart (b) is corresponding to focal length 2F.The area in each zone (subregion) of Fig. 6 B all is the twice of corresponding region among Fig. 6 A.In both cases, diffraction efficiency is identical.

In a particular embodiment, the voltage that applies to four electrodes of 4 specific phase level lens is respectively 1.1V, 1.31V, 1.49V and 1.72V.In another example, the voltage that applies to eight electrodes of 8 special phase level lens is respectively 0.71V, 0.97V, 1.05V, 1.13V, 1.21V, 1.30V, 1.37V and 1.48V.Those of ordinary skill in the art can determine to be applied to the voltage of electrode at an easy rate under the situation of not carrying out improper experiment, and described voltage is used liquid crystal, the layout of unit and the function of other factors, as known in the art.As mentioned above, according to desirable focal length, these voltages can be positive or negative, as known in the art.In one embodiment, the voltage that is applied to electrode be 0.5V between the 2V on the occasion of or negative value, and wherein all each value and subranges.

Insulating material can be any suitable material, and these materials are included in this special those materials and other materials of describing as known in the art.In one embodiment, conductive material and insulating material arrange in the mode that replaces, and for example the mode of a plurality of circles that increase with radius is arranged.This pattern can be any desirable pattern, all circular in this way, semicircle, squares, dihedral, or any other shape of desirable effect is provided, as the described herein like that.Term " circular, semicircle, square, dihedral " and other shapes are not to be used for representing formed accurate shape, on the contrary, this shape is the general shape that forms and can comprises bus line as known in the art or produce the additive method of electric current by substrate.

Any liquid crystal all can be used among the present invention.Preferably, switching time is enough fast, makes the user be unaware of the delay that switches to another focal length from a focal length.In the specific embodiment described herein, nematic crystal is as electro-optical medium.In this embodiment, lens respond to one of two orthogonal polarization components of light.Also can use the cholesteryl liquid crystal to polarization insensitive, in this case, polarizer is unnecessary.Used liquid crystal comprises those liquid crystal that form nematic phase, smectic phase or cholesteric phase among the present invention, and these nematic phases, smectic phase or cholesteric phase have the long-range ordered orientation that can use electric field controls.Preferably, liquid crystal low to wide, the easy aligning of row temperature range, threshold voltage, the electric excitation response is big and switch speed is fast, and has confirmed stability and industrial applicability reliably.In a preferred embodiment, use E7 (the cyano group biphenyl of selling by Merck and the nematic liquid crystal mixtures of cyano terphenyl (cyanoterphenyls)).The example of other nematic crystals that can use in the present invention is: amyl group cyano group biphenyl (5CB), (n-n-octyloxy)-4-cyano group biphenyl (80CB).Other examples of the liquid crystal that can use in the present invention are: n=3,4,5,6,7, " n-alkyl-p-terphenyl and commercial mixture is such as E36, E46 and the ZLI series made by BDH (British Drug House)-Merck company for 8,9 compound 4-cyano group-4-n-alkyl biphenyl, 4-n-amoxy biphenyl, 4-cyano group-4.

Electricity activates polymkeric substance also can be with in the present invention.Electricity activates polymkeric substance and comprises any transparent optics polymeric material, such as J.E.Mark at " Physical Properties ofPolymers Handbook (the physical attribute handbook of polymkeric substance) " (American Instituteof Physics, Woodburry, N.Y., 1996) in disclosed those materials, these materials comprise the molecule of π electronics with the asymmetric polarization conjugation between donor group and acceptor groups (being called chromophore), such as people such as Ch.Bosshard at " OrganicNonlinear Optical Materials (organic non linear optical material) " (Gordon andBreach Publishers, Amsterdam, nineteen ninety-five) in disclosed like that.The example of polymkeric substance is as follows: polystyrene, polycarbonate, polymethylmethacrylate, polyvinylcarbazole, polyimide, polysilane.Chromophoric example is: paranitroanilinum (PNA), red sub powder 1 (DR1), 4-methoxyl-3-methyl-4 '-nitro diphenyl ethylene, diethylin nitro diphenyl ethylene (DANS, diethylaminonitrostilbene), the diethyl thiobarbituricacid.Electricity activates polymkeric substance and can be produced by following steps: a) follows client computer/main frame scheme, b) is covalently bound in the polymkeric substance (chain sling and main chain) by chromophore, and/or c) pass through such as crosslinked lattice method for curing, as known in the art.

Polymer liquid crystal (PLC) also can be with in the present invention.Polymer liquid crystal is also referred to as liquid crystal polymer, combinations of low molecular weight liquid crystals, self-reinforcing polymer, original position compound and/or molecular complex sometimes.PLC be comprise simultaneously relative fixed and flexibly the order multipolymer, such as write by W.Brostow, by in " " Liquid CrystallinePolymers:From Structures to Applications (liquid crystal polymer: from structure to using) " (Elsevier; New York-London; 1992, the 1st chapter) that A.A.Collyer edited disclosed like that.The example of PLC is: polymethacrylate and other similar compounds of comprising 4-benzene nitrile benzoic ether side group.

The liquid crystal of polymer dispersed (PDLC) also can be with in the present invention.PDLC is dispersed in the polymer matrix by liquid crystal droplet and forms.These materials can be made in several modes: (i) aim at phase place (NCAP) by the curve to row, the phase splitting (PIPS) that phase splitting (TIPS), solvent-induced phase splitting (SIPS) and the polymerization that causes by heat causes, as known in the art.The example of PDLC is: liquid crystal E7 (BDH-Merck) and NOA65 (Norland products company, potpourri NJ); The potpourri of E44 (BDH-Merck) and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA); The potpourri of E49 (BDH-Merck) and PMMA; Monomer two (gathering) pentaerythrite hydroxyl acrylic acid pentyl ester (dipentaery throl-hydroxy-penta-acrylate), liquid crystal E7, N-vinylpyrrolidone, N-phenylglycine and the rosy potpourri of dyestuff.

The liquid crystal of polymer stabilizing (PSLC) also can be with in the present invention.The material that PSLC is made up of the liquid crystal in the polymer network, wherein the polymkeric substance formation is less than 10% of liquid crystal weight.The monomer of photosensitive polymerization and liquid crystal and UV polymerization initiator are admixed together.After making liquid crystal alignment, common polymerization by UV exposure trigger monomer, and the polymkeric substance that obtains at last formation makes the liquid crystal stable network.Example for PSLC, for example referring to " Optical Studies of Anisotropic Networks in Polymer-Stabilized Liquid Crystals (optical research of the anisotropic network in the liquid crystal of polymer stabilizing) " (Journal of the Society for Information Display of people such as C.M.Hudson, vol.5/3,1-5, (1997)), " Photorefractivity in Polymer-Stabilized Nematic LiquidCrystals (optical index in the nematic crystal of polymer stabilizing) " (J.of Am.Chem.Soc. of people such as G.P.Wiederrecht, 120,3231-3236 (1998)).

The non-linear supramolecular structure of self assembly also can be with in the present invention.The non-linear supramolecular structure of self assembly comprises the asymmetric organic film that electricity activates, it can utilize following method to make: the Langmuir-Blodgett film, alternating polymerization electrolyte deposition (polyanion/polycation) from aqueous solution, the molecular beam epitaxy method of growing nonparasitically upon another plant is by covalent coupling reaction synthetic continuously (for example: based on the multilayer deposition of the self assembly of organic trichlorosilane).These technology cause the film of thickness less than about 1 μ m usually.

Although the non restrictive description of this paper provides the more details of specific one exemplary embodiment, different lens and electrode structure can be used for various application.For example, lens can immerse in the liquid crystal solution, perhaps liquid crystal can be clipped between the plane electrode plate with graded index variation.The latter makes liquid crystal alignment easier, and makes the unit thinner, and this can switch quickly.In addition, different electrode zone structures can be used in the method and apparatus of the present invention.These different lens and electrode zone structure intention is included in the present disclosure as known in the art.

New design with separately addressable patterned electrode

In order to overcome the restriction of previous design, must be to each electrode subregion addressing individually of patterned electrode.Present two kinds of different example use herein.A kind of application allows to switch between the multiple of basic focal length and basic focal length.The another kind of application is more general, and allows focal length is adjusted to infinity continuously from possible minimum value.

1: the discontinuous adjustment of focal length

Consider the general structure of the liquid crystal lens shown in Fig. 3, and consider the electrode pattern shown in Fig. 5 A or Fig. 5 B.Adjust phase outline on the lens by apply appropriate voltage to patterned electrode, and this phase outline has been determined diffraction efficiency.

Independent addressing has increased regional cycle to the subregion of patterned electrode, and has therefore increased focal length, and need not lose diffraction efficiency.Suppose geometric configuration for phase modulation (PM) design electrode pattern with L phase level.According to equation (2a), (2b) and (3),, apply identical voltage promptly for the electrode of two vicinities, with r regional cycle if be combined into one by subregion with per two vicinities ₁ ²Increase and be 2r ₁ ², focal length becomes 2F and can not change diffraction efficiency (Fig. 6) so.Similarly be to utilize fixing electrode pattern, by increasing to 3r regional cycle respectively ₁ ², 4r ₁ ²..., focal length can be become 3F, 4F ....In general, by increasing to kr regional cycle ₁ ², focal length can be become kF (k is a positive integer).

If the basic focusing multiplying power of 3 diopters (focal length F=33.33cm) and the adaptive lens of 8 grades of phase steps design separately addressable electrode pattern in order for example to have, lens have 95% diffraction efficiency so.By will the cycle increasing twice, focal length will increase for 2F=66.67cm (focusing on multiplying power=1.5 diopters), and efficient still is 95%.By will increasing three times the cycle, focal length will increase and be 3F=100cm, and corresponding to 1 dioptric focusing multiplying power, and efficient is still identical.By will increasing four times the cycle, focal length will increase and be 4F=133.32cm, and corresponding to 0.75 dioptric focusing multiplying power, and efficient is still identical.Similarly be to realize bigger focal length (littler focusing multiplying power) with identical efficient.When disconnecting lens, do not focus on multiplying power.Table 2 illustrates the parameter that is used for various focusing multiplying powers.In table 3-5, show radius respectively for each subregion of 3 diopters, 1.5 diopters and 1 diopter lens.These structural parameters can calculate according to equation described herein.Can be easy to draw three relations between the subregion border that focuses on multiplying powers.

Table 2 has provided the example of some the focusing multiplying powers that can utilize separately addressable patterned electrode and obtain.Suppose that basic focusing multiplying power is 3 diopters (F=33.3cm), and the aperture of lens is 10mm.Table 2 shows that diffraction efficiency keeps identical when changing focal length.

Table 2

Focus on multiplying power	Phase level	Diffraction efficiency	K value F '=kF	The area of each subregion	The width of last subregion
						3 diopters (F=33.33cm)	8	?95％	1	?1.453×?10 5μm 2	4.6μm
1.5 diopter (F=66.67cm)	8	?95％	2	?2.906×?10 5μm 2	9.2μm
						1 diopter (F=100cm)	8	?95％	3	?4.359×?10 5μm 2	13.8μm
0.75 diopter (F=133.32cm)	8	?95％	4	?5.812×?10 5μm 2	18.5μm
						0 diopter (closing lens)	Inapplicable	?-	Infinitely great	?-	-

The significant advantage of separately addressable patterned electrode is, it is used for the different identical lens that focus on the adaptive ability of multiplying powers identical diffraction efficiency is provided really to having.

In this was used, adjustable focal length was the multiple of basic focal length F and basic focal length.Therefore, the resolution of adjustment also is F.For example, if be the basic focal length design electrode of 10cm, so adjustable focal length will be that 10cm, 20cm, 30cm etc. are up to infinity.If other middle focal length is desirable, can use less basic focal length so.But when F was very little, the characteristic dimension of electrode became very little for wide-aperture lens, and was difficult to utilize current available technology to make its cost low.

2. the continuous adjustment of focal length

Desirable is to design adaptive lens, makes it to be utilized by all patients and application.This needs lens to have the ability that continuously changes focal length in desirable scope.For this purpose, developed more generally design methodology, this design methodology allows to adjust continuously focal length.As mentioned above, patterned electrode is the circular array of the ring of specific dimensions.Each ring all is separately addressable.The suitable resolution of ring is by wanting controlled focal range to determine.For the focal length of each expection, utilize equation (2a) and (2b) can calculate the size of each subregion in the All Ranges.Can select the ring of a certain quantity to form each subregion, and can apply suitable voltage.If the resolution of these rings is enough good, when focal length changed, lens can always have high-level efficiency so, and did not have tangible efficiency change.The required resolution of patterned electrode is to be determined by the size of the subregion in last several zones of desirable lens, and is as the described herein such.

Fig. 7 shows and utilizes the separately addressable circular array of the electrode with suitable resolution to adjust focal length continuously.It is the electrode gap of the subclass that is used for electrode of unit that four examples among Fig. 7 show with μ m.In example A, B, C and D, described the geometric parameter of the focusing multiplying power of 3D, 2.5D, 2D and 1D respectively.R is the radius of zone boundary.

Here illustrated that focal length varies continuously to infinitely-great example from～30cm.The diameter of supposing lens is 10mm, and uses 8 grades of phase modulation (PM).For principle of specification, in Fig. 7, described the geometric parameter of the adjustable focusing multiplying power of 3D, 2.5D, 2D and 1D, wherein clearly show that the radius of each zone boundary and for the width of each subregion in last or two zones.In table 3-7, can find the more detailed parameter of these lens.As can be seen, for specific focusing multiplying power, in the edge of these lens, the wide variety of each subregion is very little, and when the aperture of lens increases, this variation even littler.For bigger focusing multiplying power, the area of width and each subregion is less.Suppose that each electrode is that 1 μ m is wide in this area.In this example, because the width of each subregion can form a sub regions with several combination of electrodes so, and make the border of each subregion draw close immediate boundary electrode greater than 1 μ m together.The combination of these electrodes meaned to it apply identical voltage.

For example, for the situation (example C) of 2D, can be with 7 combination of electrodes to form all subregions in zone 45.Can form every other subregion similarly.Round-off error causes that very little variation takes place diffraction efficiency.On the other hand, in the zone near the lens center, if use approximate meticulous electrode, phase step can be greater than 8 so, and therefore can increase the diffraction efficiency in this zone.In general, when adjusting the focusing multiplying power, diffraction efficiency will be much at one.When focal length from 1m (focus on multiplying power 1D) when increasing to infinity, the width of each subregion increases, and makes up by the electrode to calculating quantity and can produce all subregions.Therefore, in this example, can adjust all focal lengths, and these lens can be used in need correct all persons under inspection of different distance eyesight in this scope from～30cm to infinitely great (focus on multiplying power from 0 to 3D).

Point out as top, owing to have bigger physical dimension, so the electrode density in this zone is with compare near the electrode density in the zone at edge can littler (electrode size near the center can be bigger than those electrode sizes in other zones) near the zone at center.If it is identical that the density of electrode keeps near the zone at center, can obtain higher phase level so and will increase the order of diffraction.

The another kind of method that realizes this purpose is to utilize eccentric (pixilated) spatial light modulator in the position that utilizes little rectangular pixels.These pixels can become multilayer, thereby reduce when the right-angle view substrate or eliminate the gap, are similar at 2 layers of circular electrode shown in Fig. 5 B.

Although the instructions at this comprises many features, the scope that these features should not be construed as limiting the invention, and only provide the example of present preferred embodiments more of the present invention.Extra embodiment also within the scope of the invention.The present invention is not limited to be used for glasses.The present invention can also be used for microscope, catoptron, binocular and user by its any other optical device that can watch.In addition, as for those of ordinary skills with conspicuous, the present invention also is useful in other field, such as in telecommunications, optical switch and Medical Devices.It all is useful, such as known for one of ordinary skill in the art in the present invention that any liquid crystal of desirable transmission of phase function or the potpourri of liquid crystal are provided at desirable wavelength place.Determining suitable voltage and applying suitable voltage to liquid crystal material is known to produce desirable transmission of phase function in the art.

Except as otherwise noted, describe or the combination of illustrational each equipment or parts may be used to implement the present invention.Additional components and any additional optics such as the controller of the driver that applies used voltage, voltage all are known for those of ordinary skill in the art, and can not have combination under the situation of improper experiment.It is exemplary that the special name of compound is intended to, and is that those of ordinary skill in the art can enough different titles name identical compound as is known.When describing a kind of compound at this so that for example not have to indicate the special isomers of compound or enantiomter with formula or with chemical name, this description be intended to comprise independent description or with the every kind of isomeride and the enantiomter of the compound of any array mode description.Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand, and not take to test improperly, can adopt method, equipment component, parent material and method for making except illustrating especially in practice of the present invention.The function equivalent of all any this methods well known in the art, equipment component, parent material and method for making all is intended to be included among the present invention.When provided a scope in instructions, for example thickness range or voltage range are included in all interior intermediate ranges of given range and subrange and all each values so and all are intended to be included in the disclosure content.

As used in this, " comprising " and " being included ", " comprising " or " being characterised in that " synonym and all be comprising property or open, and do not get rid of element additional, that do not enumerate or method step.As used in this, " by ... form " got rid of any element, step or the composition that in the element of claim, do not indicate.Such as used in this, " substantially by ... form " do not get rid of basic and material novel feature or the step that do not influence this claim in essence.Particularly in the description of the composition of complex or in the description of the element of equipment, all be understood to include basically by cited parts or element is formed and those complexs and the method be made up of described parts or element any " comprising " at this term of enumerating.This suitably the present invention of describing of graphic extension can under the situation of this disclosed especially any element or a plurality of element, restriction or a plurality of restrictions, not realize.

Term that has adopted and expression are used as explanation and unrestricted term; and use this term and express and be not intended to eliminating shown and the feature of description or any equivalent way of its part; and cognosciblely be; in the scope of the present invention of claimed and description, various modifications all are possible.Therefore, should be appreciated that, although disclose the present invention especially with preferred embodiment and optional feature, those of ordinary skill in the art can take the modifications and variations in this disclosed notion, and this modifications and variations are considered within the scope of the invention.

In general, it is arranged in art-recognized connotation, can obtain the connotation that this is generally acknowledged with reference to the reference of received text known to a person of ordinary skill in the art, periodical and context at this employed term and term.Provide specific definition to illustrate its special method in the context of the invention.All patents mentioned in the instructions and open source literature are all represented those skilled in the art's degree.

Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand at an easy rate, and the present invention fully is suitable for realizing these purposes and obtains mentioned and wherein intrinsic target and advantage.It all is exemplary that the equipment of preferred embodiment and method and attached method are represented in conduct described herein at present, rather than intention is as limitation of the scope of the invention.Can have wherein change and other purposes for the person of ordinary skill of the art, these change and purposes to be comprised in spirit of the present invention interior and limited by the scope of claim.

Be incorporated herein by reference with the reconcilable degree of the disclosure of the specification in these all references of quoting.This provided some with reference to being hereby incorporated by, thereby the details of figure about supplementary equipment therefore parts, additional liquid crystal cells configuration, additional patterned electrode, additional analytical approach and additional purposes of the present invention is provided.

People's such as G.Smith " The eye and visual optical instruments (eyes and visual optics instrument) ", Cambridge University Press, 1997 years.

People's such as G.Vdovin " Onthe possibility of intraocular adaptiveoptics (about the possibility of intraocular ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS) ", Opt.Express 11:810-817,2003 years.

" Electrically controllable liquidcrystal Fresnel lens (but liquid crystal fresnel lens of electricity control) " of people such as G.Williams, Proc.SPIE1168:352-357,1989 years.

People's such as J.S.Patel " Electrically controlled polarization-independent liquid-crystal Fresnel lens arrays (the liquid crystal fresnel lens array that does not rely on polarization of electric control) ", Opt.Lett.16:532-534,1991.

" Liquid crystal used in switchable Fresnel lens (in the switchable Fresnel lens used liquid crystal) " of B.Dance, Laser Focus World 28:34,1992.

" the Non-display applications of liquidcrystal devices (the non-display application of liquid crystal apparatus) " of M.C.K.Wiltshire, GeoJ.Research 10:119-125,1993.

People's such as H.Ren " Tunable Fresnel lens using nanoscalepolymer-dispersed liquid crystals (utilizing the tunable Fresnel lens of liquid crystal of the polymer dispersed of nanometer-scale) ", Appl.Phys.Lett.83:1515-1517,2003.

People's such as C.W.Fowler " Liquid crystal lens review (liquid crystal lens review) ", Ophthal.Physiol.Opt.10:186-194, nineteen ninety.

" Diffractive bifocal intraocular lens (the bifocus intraocular lens of diffraction) " of J.A.Futhey, Proc.SPIE 1052:142-149,1989.

People's such as S.Sato " Variable-focus liquid crystal Fresnel lens (liquid crystal fresnel lens of variable-focus) ", Jpn.J.Appl.Phys.24:L626-L628,1985 years.

People's such as L.G.Commander " Variable focal length microlenses (pancratic lenticule) ", Opt.Commun.177:157-170,2000 years.

People's such as S.T.Kowel " Focusing by electrical modulation ofrefraction in a liquid crystal cell (focusing of the electrical modulation by the refraction in the liquid crystal cells) ", Appl.Opt.23:278-289,1984 years.

People's such as Nouhi " Adaptive spherical lens (self-adaptation spherical lens) ", Appl.Opt.23:2774-2777,1984 years.

People's such as F.Naumov " Liquid-crystal adaptive lenses withmodalcontrol (LCD self-adapting lens) " with mode control, Opt.Lett.23:992-994,1998 years.

People's such as M.Y.Loktev " Wave front controls ystems based onmodal liquid crystal lenses (based on the wavefront control system of mode liquid crystal lens) ", Rev.Sci.Instrum.71:3190-3297,2000 years.

People's such as N.A.Riza " Three-terminal adaptive nematicliquid-crystal lens device (three end self-adaptation nematic crystal lens apparatus) ", Opt.Lett.19:1013-1015,1994 years.

People's such as P.W.McOwan " A switchable liquid crystal binary Gaborlens (switchable liquid crystal binary gal cypress lens) ", Opt.Commun.103:189-193,1993 years.

People's such as S.Masuda " Liquid-crystal microlens with a beam-steering function (liquid crystal microlens) " with Beam Control function, Appl.Opt.36:4772-4778,1997 years.

People's such as Kress " Digital Diffractive Optics (digital diffraction optical system) ", John Wiley ﹠amp; Sons Ltd., 2000.

Table 3. is for the external diameter of every sub regions of 3D, 15mm, 8 order diffraction lens.

Subregion #1		2	3	4	5	6	7	8
									Zone
1.     2.     3.     4.     5.     6.     7.     8.     9.     10.     11.     12.     13.     14.     15.     16.     17.     18.     19.     20.     21.     22.     23.     24.     25.     26.     27.     28.	215.05   608.25   645.14   860.19   886.66   1053.51   1075.24   1216.49   1235.35   1360.08   1376.98   1489.89   1505.33   1609.27   1623.57   1720.38   1733.77   1824.74   1837.37   1923.44   1935.43   2017.32   2028.75   2107.03   2117.97   2193.06   2203.58   2275.85   2285.98   2355.73   2365.52   2432.98   2442.47   2507.86   2517.07   2580.57   2589.51   2651.28   2659.99   2720.16   2728.65   2787.33   2795.62   2852.93   2861.02   2917.04   2924.96   2979.78   2987.53   3041.23   3048.82   3101.46   3108.90   3160.54   3167.85   3218.53	304.12   680.04   912.37   1096.53   1253.93   1393.67   1520.61   1637.75   1747.05   1849.91   1947.34   2040.12   2128.86   2214.05   2296.08   2375.28   2451.92   2526.23   2598.43   2668.67   2737.11   2803.87   2869.09   2932.86   2995.26   3056.40   3116.33   3175.14	372.47   713.23   937.37   1117.42   1272.24   1410.16   1535.75   1651.81   1760.24   1862.36   1959.17   2051.42   2139.69   2224.47   2306.13   2384.99   2461.33   2535.37   2607.31   2677.32   2745.54   2812.11   2877.14   2940.73   3002.97   3063.95   3123.74   3182.41	430.09   744.95   961.72   1137.92   1290.28   1426.46   1550.73   1665.75   1773.33   1874.74   1970.94   2062.66   2150.47   2234.84   2316.13   2304.67   2470.71   2544.47   2616.16   2685.94   2753.95   2820.32   2885.16   2948.58   3010.66   3071.49   3131.14   3189.67	480.86   775.36   985.47   1158.07   1308.08   1442.58   1565.57   1679.57   1786.32   1887.03   1982.64   2073.84   2161.20   2245.16   2326.09   2404.30   2480.05   2553.55   2624.99   2694.54   2762.33   2828.51   2893.17   2956.41   3018.33   3079.01   3138.51   3196.91	526.76    804.63    1008.66    1177.86    1325.64    1458.52    1580.27    1693.28    1799.22    1899.25    1994.27    2084.96    2171.87    2255.44    2336.01    2413.90    2489.35    2562.59    2633.78    2703.10    2770.69    2836.67    2901.15    2964.22    3025.98    3086.51    3145.87    3204.13	568.96    832.87    1031.33    1197.33    1342.97    1474.29    1594.83    1706.89    1812.02    191138    2005.83    2096.02    2182.49    2265.66    2345.89    2423.46    2498.62    2571.59    2642.55    2711.64    2779.02    2844.81    2909.11    2972.01    3033.62    3093.99    3153.21    3211.34

29.     30.     31.     32.     33.     34.     35.     36.     37.     38.     39.     40.     41.     42.     43.     44.     45.     46.     47.     48.     49.     50.     51.     52.     53.     54.     55.     56.     57.     58.

3225.71     3275.50     3282.56     3331.50     3338.43     3386.57     3393.39     3440.76     3447.47     3494.11     3500.72     3546.65     3553.17     3598.43     3604.85     3649.48     3655.81     3699.81     3706.06     3749.48     3755.64     3798.49     3804.58     3846.88     3852.89     3894.67     3900.61     3941.88     3947.75     3988.53     3994.33     4034.65     4040.37     4080.24     4085.90     4125.32     4130.93     4169.92     4175.46     4214.05     4219.53     4257.72     4263.15     4300.95     4306.32     4343.74     4349.06     4386.12     4391.39     4428.10     4433.32     4469.68     4474.85     4510.87     4515.99     4551.70     4556.77     4592.16     4597.19     4632.26

3232.87  3289.59  3345.35  3400.20  3454.17  3507.32  3559.67  3611.26  3662.12  3712.29  3761.79  3810.65  3858.89  3906.53  3953.60  4000.11  4046.09  4091.56  4136.52  4181.00  4225.01  4268.57  4311.69  4354.38  4396.65  4438.53  4480.01  4521.11  4561.84  4602.21

3240.02  3296.61  3352.26  3406.99  3460.86  3513.90  3566.16  3617.66  3668.43  3718.52  3767.93  3816.71  3864.87  3912.44  3959.44  4005.89  4051.80  4097.20  4142.11  4186.53  4230.48  4273.98  4317.05  4359.68  4401.91  4443.73  4485.17  4526.22  4566.91  4607.24

3247.14  3303.62  3359.15  3413.77  3467.53  3520.48  3572.64  3624.04  3674.73  3724.73  3774.07  3822.77  3870.85  3918.35  3965.28  4011.66  4057.51  4102.84  4147.68  4192.05  4235.94  4279.39  4322.40  4364.99  4407.16  4448.93  4490.32  4531.33  4571.97  4612.25

3254.26  3310.61  3366.02  3420.54  3474.20  3527.04  3579.10  3630.42  3681.02  3730.93  3780.19  3828.81  3876.82  3924.25  3971.10  4017.42  4063.20  4108.47  4153.25  4197.56  4241.40  4284.79  4327.75  4370.28  4412.40  4454.13  4495.47  4536.43  4577.02  4617.26

3261.35  3317.59  3372.89  3427.29  3480.85  3533.59  3585.56  3636.78  3687.29  3737.12  3786.30  3834.84  3882.78  3930.13  3976.92  4023.17  4068.89  4114.10  4158.82  4203.06  4246.85  4290.18  4333.08  4375.57  4417.64  4459.32  4500.61  4541.52  4582.07  4622.27

3268.44  3324.55  3379.73  3434.03  3487.48  3540.13  3592.00  3643.13  3693.56  3743.31  3792.40  3840.87  3888.73  3936.01  3982.73  4028.91  4074.57  4119.72  4164.37  4208.56  4252.29  4295.57  4338.42  4380.85  4422.87  4464.50  4505.74  4546.61  4587.12  4627.27

59.     60.     61.     62.     63.     64.     65.     66.     67.     68.     69.     70.     71.     72.     73.     74.     75.     76.     77.     78.     79.     80.     81.     82.     83.     84.     85.     86.     87.     88.

4637.25   4672.02   4676.97   4711.45   4716.36   4750.55   4755.42   4789.33   4794.16   4827.80   4832.59   4865.97   4870.72   4903.83   4908.55   4941.41   4946.09   4978.71   4983.35   5015.72   5020.33   5052.47   5057.04   5088.95   5093.49   5125.17   5129.68   5161.14   5165.62   5196.85   5201.30   5232.33   5236.75   5267.56   5271.95   5302.56   5306.92   5337.34   5341.67   5371.88   5376.18   5406.21   5410.48   5440.32   5444.56   5474.21   5478.43   5507.90   5512.10   5541.38   5545.55   5574.67   5578.81   5607.75   5611.87   5640.64   5644.74   5673.34   5677.41   5705.85

4642.23  4681.91  4721.26  4760.28  4798.98  4837.37  4875.46  4913.26  4950.76  4987.99  5024.94  5061.61  5098.03  5134.19  5170.09  5205.75  5241.16  5276.34  5311.28  5345.99  5380.48  5414.75  5448.81  5482.65  5516.29  5549.72  5582.95  5615.99  5648.83  5681.48

4647.21  4686.85  4726.15  4765.13  4803.79  4842.15  4880.20  4917.96  4955.43  4992.62  5029.53  5066.18  5102.56  5138.69  5174.56  5210.19  5245.57  5280.72  5315.63  5350.32  5384.78  5419.02  5453.05  5486.87  5520.48  5553.89  5587.09  5620.11  5652.92  5685.55

4652.19  4691.78  4731.04  4769.98  4808.61  4846.92  4884.94  4922.66  4960.09  4997.25  5034.13  5070.74  5107.09  5143.19  5179.03  5214.62  5249.98  5285.09  5319.98  5354.64  5389.07  5423.29  5457.29  5491.08  5524.67  5558.05  5591.23  5624.22  5657.01  5689.62

4657.15  4696.71  4735.93  4774.83  4813.41  4851.69  4889.67  4927.35  4964.75  5001.87  5038.72  5075.30  5111.62  5147.68  5183.49  5219.05  5254.38  5289.47  5324.32  5358.95  5393.36  5427.55  5461.53  5495.29  5528.85  5562.21  5595.37  5628.33  5661.10  5693.68

4662.12  4701.63  4740.81  4779.67  4818.21  4856.45  4894.40  4932.04  4969.41  5006.50  5043.31  5079.85  5116.14  5152.17  5187.95  5223.48  5258.78  5293.84  5328.66  5363.27  5397.65  5431.81  5465.76  5499.50  5533.03  5566.36  5599.50  5632.44  5665.18  5697.74

4667.07  4706.54  4745.68  4784.50  4823.01  4861.21  4899.12  4936.73  4974.06  5011.11  5047.89  5084.40  5120.66  5156.65  5192.40  5227.91  5263.17  5298.20  5333.00  5367.58  5401.93  5436.06  5469.99  5503.70  5537.21  5570.52  5603.62  5636.54  5669.26  5701.80

89.     90.     91.     92.     93.     94.     95.     96.     97.     98.     99.     100.     101.     102.     103.     104.     105.     106.     107.     108.     109.     110.     111.     112.     113.     114.     115.     116.     117.     118.

5709.90   5738.18   5742.21   5770.33   5774.33   5802.30   5806.28   5834.09   5838.05   5865.71   5869.65   5897.16   5901.08   5928.45   5932.35   5959.57   5963.45   5990.53   5994.39   6021.33   6025.17   6051.97   6055.79   6082.46   6086.26   6112.80   6116.58   6142.98   6146.74   6173.02   6176.77   6202.91   6206.64   6232.67   6236.37   6262.27   6265.97   6291.74   6295.42   6321.08   6324.73   6350.27   6353.91   6379.34   6382.96   6408.27   6411.87   6437.07   6440.66   6465.74   6469.32   6494.29   6497.85   6522.71   6526.25   6551.01   6554.54   6579.18   6582.70   6607.24

5713.95   5746.23   5778.34   5810.26   5842.01   5873.59   5905.00   5936.24   5967.32   5998.24   6029.00   6059.61   6090.06   6120.36   6150.51   6180.51   6210.37   6240.08   6269.65   6299.09   6328.39   6357.55   6386.58   6415.48   6444.25   6472.89   6501.41   6529.80   6558.06   6586.21

5718.00   5750.26   5782.34   5814.24   5845.97   5877.52   5908.91   5940.14   5971.20   6002.10   6032.84   6063.42   6093.85   6124.13   6154.26   6184.25   6214.09   6243.78   6273.34   6302.76   6332.04   6361.19   6390.20   6419.08   6447.84   6476.46   6504.96   6533.34   6561.59   6589.72

5722.04   5754.28   5786.33   5818.21   5849.92   5881.46   5912.83   5944.03   5975.07   6005.95   6036.67   6067.23   6097.65   6127.91   6158.02   6187.99   6217.81   6247.49   6277.03   6306.43   6335.69   6364.82   6393.82   6422.68   6451.42   6480.03   6508.51   6536.87   6565.11   6593.23

5726.08   5758.29   5790.33   5822.19   5853.87   5885.39   5916.73   5947.92   5978.94   6009.80   6040.50   6071.04   6101.44   6131.68   6161.77   6191.72   6221.53   6251.19   6280.71   6310.09   6339.34   6368.45   6397.43   6426.28   6455.00   6483.60   6512.07   6540.41   6568.63   6596.73

5730.11  5762.31  5794.32  5826.16  5857.82  5889.32  5920.64  5951.80  5982.80  6013.64  6044.32  6074.85  6105.22  6135.45  6165.52  6195.45  6225.24  6254.89  6284.39  6313.76  6342.99  6372.08  6401.05  6429.88  6458.59  6487.16  6515.62  6543.95  6572.15  6600.24

5734.15  5766.32  5798.31  5830.12  5861.77  5893.24  5924.55  5955.69  5986.67  6017.49  6048.15  6078.66  6109.01  6139.22  6169.27  6199.19  6228.95  6258.58  6288.07  6317.42  6346.63  6375.71  6404.66  6433.48  6462.16  6490.73  6519.16  6547.48  6575.67  6603.74

119.     120.     121.     122.     123.     124.     125.     126.     127.     128.     129.     130.     131.     132.     133.     134.     135.     136.     137.     138.     139.     140.     141.     142.     143.     144.     145.     146.     147.     148.

6610.74   6635.18   6638.66   6663.00   6666.47   6690.70   6694.16   6718.29   6721.74   6745.77   6749.20   6773.14   6776.55   6800.40   6803.79   6827.54   6830.93   6854.58   6857.95   6881.52   6884.88   6908.34   6908.69   6935.07   6938.40   6961.69   6965.01   6988.21   6991.52   7014.63   7017.93   7040.95   7044.24   7067.18   7070.45   7093.30   7096.56   7119.34   7122.58   7145.27   7148.51   7171.11   7174.34   7196.86   7200.07   7222.52   7225.72   7248.09   7251.28   7273.56   7276.74   7298.95   7302.12   7324.25   7327.41   7349.46   7352.61   7374.59   7377.72   7399.63

6614.24   6642.14   6669.94   6697.61   6725.17   6752.62   6779.96   6807.19   6834.31   6861.33   6888.23   6915.04   6941.73   6968.33   6994.83   7021.22   7047.52   7073.72   7099.82   7125.83   7151.74   7177.56   7203.28   7228.92   7254.46   7279.92   7305.28   7330.56   7355.75   7380.86

6617.73   6645.63   6673.40   6701.06   6728.61   6756.05   6783.37   6810.59   6837.70   6864.69   6891.59   6918.38   6945.06   6971.65   6998.13   7024.52   7050.80   7076.99   7103.08   7129.07   7154.97   7180.78   7206.49   7232.12   7257.65   7283.09   7308.45   7333.71   7358.89   7383.99

6621.22   6649.10   6676.87   6704.51   6732.05   6759.47   6786.78   6813.98   6841.08   6868.06   6894.94   6921.72   6948.39   6974.96   7001.44   7027.81   7054.08   7080.25   7106.33   7132.31   7158.20   7184.00   7209.70   7235.31   7260.84   7286.27   7311.61   7336.87   7362.04   7387.12

6624.72   6652.58   6680.33   6707.96   6735.48   6762.89   6790.19   6817.37   6844.46   6871.43   6898.30   6925.06   6951.72   6978.28   7004.74   7031.10   7057.36   7083.52   7109.58   7135.56   7161.43   7187.22   7212.91   7238.51   7264.02   7289.44   7314.77   7340.02   7365.18   7390.25

6628.21   6656.06   6683.79   6711.41   6738.91   6766.31   6793.59   6820.77   6847.83   6874.79   6901.65   6928.40   6955.05   6981.59   7008.04   7034.38   7060.63   7086.78   7112.84   7138.80   7164.66   7190.43   7216.11   7241.70   7267.20   7292.61   7317.93   7343.17   7368.32   7393.38

6631.69   6659.53   6687.25   6714.85   6742.34   6769.72   6796.99   6824.16   6851.21   6878.16   6905.00   6931.73   6958.37   6984.90   7011.34   7037.67   7063.91   7090.04   7116.09   7142.03   7167.89   7193.65   7219.32   7244.89   7270.38   7295.78   7321.09   7346.32   7371.45   7396.50

149.     150.     151.     152.

7402.75   7424.59   7427.70   7449.46   7452.56   7474.25   7477.34   7498.96

7405.88  7430.81  7455.67  7480.43

7409.00  7433.92  7458.77  7483.53

7412.12  7437.03  7461.87  7486.61

7415.24  7440.14  7464.96  7489.70

7418.36  7443.25  7468.06  7492.79

7421.47  7446.36  7471.16  7495.87

Table 4. is for the external diameter of every sub regions of 1.5D, 15mm, 8 order diffraction lens. Each regional area is the twice of the area of corresponding 3D lens (table 3).

Subregion .1		2	3	4	5	6	7	8
									Zone
1.     2.     3.     4.     5.     6.     7.     8.     9.     10.     11.     12.     13.     14.     15.     16.     17.     18.     19.     20.     21.     22.     23.     24.     25.     26.     27.	304.12     860.19     912.37     1216.49     1253.93     1489.89     1520.61     1720.38     1747.05     1923.44     1947.34     2107.03     2128.86     2275.85     2296.08     2432.98     2451.92     2580.57     2598.43     2720.16     2737.11     2852.93     2869.09     2979.78     2995.26     3101.46     3116.33     3218.53     3232.87     3331.50     3345.35     3440.76     3454.17     3546.65     3559.67     3649.48     3662.12     3749.48     3761.79     3846.88     3858.89     3941.88     3953.60     4034.65     4046.09     4125.32     4136.52     4214.05     4225.01     4300.95     4311.69     4386.12     4396.65	430.09  961.72  1290.28  1550.73  1773.33  1970.94  2150.47  2316.13  2470.71  2616.16  2753.95  2885.16  3010.66  3131.14  3247.14  3359.15  3467.53  3572.64  3674.73  3774.07  3870.85  3965.28  4057.51  4147.68  4235.94  4322.40  4407.16	526.76  1008.66  1325.64  1580.27  1799.22  1994.27  2171.87  2336.01  2489.35  2633.78  2770.69  2901.15  3025.98  3145.87  3261.35  3372.89  3480.85  3585.56  3687.29  3786.30  3882.78  3976.92  4068.89  4158.82  4246.85  4333.08  4417.64	608.25   1053.51   1360.08   1609.27   1824.74   2017.32   2193.06   2355.73   2507.86   2651.28   2787.33   2917.04   3041.23   3160.54   3275.50   3386.57   3494.11   3598.43   3699.81   3798.49   3894.67   3988.53   4080.24   4169.92   4257.72   4343.74   4428.10	680.04  1096.53  1393.67  1637.75  1849.91  2040.12  2214.05  2375.28  2526.23  2668.67  2803.87  2932.86  3056.40  3175.14  3289.59  3400.20  3507.32  3611.26  3712.29  3810.65  3906.53  4000.11  4091.56  4181.00  4268.57  4354.38  4438.53	744.95  1137.92  1426.46  1665.75  1874.74  2062.66  2234.84  2394.67  2544.47  2685.94  2820.32  2948.58  3071.49  3189.67  3303.62  3413.77  3520.48  3624.04  3724.73  3822.77  3918.35  4011.66  4102.84  4192.05  4279.39  4364.99 4448.93	804.63   1177.86   1458.52   1693.28   1899.25   2084.96   2255.44   2413.90   2562.59   2703.10   2836.67   2964.22   3086.51   3204.13   3317.59   3427.29   3533.59   3636.78   3737.12   3834.84   3930.13   4023.17   4114.10   4203.06   4290.18   4375.57   4459.32

28.     29.     30.     31.     32.     33.     34.     35.     36.     37.     38.     39.     40.     41.     42.     43.     44.     45.     46.     47.     48.     49.     50.     51.     52.     53.     54.     55.     56.     57.

4469.68  4480.01  4551.70  4561.84  4632.26  4642.23  4711.45  4721.26  4789.33  4798.98  4865.97  4875.46  4941.41  4950.76  5015.72  5024.94  5088.95  5098.03  5161.14  5170.09  5232.33  5241.16  5302.56  5311.28  5371.88  5380.48  5440.32  5448.81  5507.90  5516.29  5574.67  5582.95  5640.64  5648.83  5705.85  5713.95  5770.33  5778.34  5834.09  5842.01  5897.16  5905.00  5959.57  5967.32  6021.33  6029.00  6082.46  6090.06  6142.98  6150.51  6202.91  6210.37  6262.27  6269.65  6321.08  6328.39  6379.34  6386.58  6437.07  6444.25

4490.32  4571.97  4652.19  4731.04  4808.61  4884.94  4960.09  5034.13  5107.09  5179.03  5249.98  5319.98  5389.07  5457.29  5524.67  5591.23  5657.01  5722.04  5786.33  5849.92  5912.83  5975.07  6036.67  6097.65  6158.02  6217.81  6277.03  6335.69  6393.82  6451.42

4500.61  4582.07  4662.12  4740.81  4818.21  4894.40  4969.41  5043.31  5116.14  5187.95  5258.78  5328.66  5397.65  5465.76  5533.03  5599.50  5665.18  5730.11  5794.32  5857.82  5920.64  5982.80  6044.32  6105.22  6165.52  6225.24  6284.39  6342.99  6401.05  6458.59

4510.87  4592.16  4672.02  4750.55  4827.80  4903.83  4978.71  5052.47  5125.17  5196.85  5267.56  5337.34  5406.21  5474.21  5541.38  5607.75  5673.34  5738.18  5802.30  5865.71  5928.45  5990.53  6051.97  6112.80  6173.02  6232.67  6291.74  6350.27  6408.27  6465.74

4521.11  4602.21  4681.91  4760.28  4837.37  4913.26  4987.99  5061.61  5134.19  5205.75  5276.34  5345.99  5414.75  5482.65  5549.72  5615.99  5681.48  5746.23  5810.26  5873.59  5936.24  5998.24  6059.61  6120.36  6180.51  6240.08  6299.09  6357.55  6415.48  6472.89

4531.33  4612.25  4691.78  4769.98  4846.92  4922.66  4997.25  5070.74  5143.19  5214.62  5285.09  5354.64  5423.29  5491.08  5558.05  5624.22  5689.62  5754.28  5818.21  5881.46  5944.03  6005.95  6067.23  6127.91  6187.99  6247.49  6306.43  6364.82  6422.68  6480.03

4541.52  4622.27  4701.63  4779.67  4856.45  4932.04  5006.50  5079.85  5152.17  5223.48  5293.84  5363.27  5431.81  5499.50  5566.36  5632.44  5697.74  5762.31  5826.16  5889.32  5951.80  6013.64  6074.85  6135.45  6195.45  6254.89  6313.76  6372.08  6429.88  6487.16

58.     59.     60.     61.     62.     63.     64.     65.     66.     67.     68.     69.     70.     71.     72.     73.     74.     75.     76.

6494.29   6501.41   6551.01   6558.06   6607.24   6614.24   6663.00   6669.94   6718.29   6725.17   6773.14   6779.96   6827.54   6834.31   6881.52   6888.23   6935.07   6941.73   6988.21   6994.83   7040.95   7047.52   7093.30   7099.82   7145.27   7151.74   7196.86   7203.28   7248.09   7254.46   7298.95   7305.28   7349.46   7355.75   7399.63   7405.88   7449.46   7455.67   7498.96

6508.51   6565.11   6621.22   6676.87   6732.05   6786.78   6841.08   6894.94   6948.39   7001.44   7054.08   7106.33   7158.20   7209.70   7260.84   7311.61   7362.04   7412.12   7461.87

6515.62   6572.15   6628.21   6683.79   6738.91   6793.59   6847.83   6901.65   6955.05   7008.04   7060.63   7112.84   7164.66   7216.11   7267.20   7317.93   7368.32   7418.36   7468.06

6522.71   6579.18   6635.18   6690.70   6745.77   6800.40   6854.58   6908.34   6961.69   7014.63   7067.18   7119.34   7171.11   7222.52   7273.56   7324.25   7374.59   7424.59   7474.25

6529.80   6586.21   6642.14   6697.61   6752.62   6807.19   6861.33   6915.04   6968.33   7021.22   7073.72   7125.83   7177.56   7228.92   7279.92   7330.56   7380.86   7430.81   7480.43

6536.87  6593.23  6649.10  6704.51  6759.47  6813.98  6868.06  6921.72  6974.96  7027.81  7080.25  7132.31  7184.00  7235.31  7286.27  7336.87  7387.12  7437.03  7486.61

6543.95  6600.24  6656.06  6711.41  6766.31  6820.77  6874.79  6928.40  6981.59  7034.38  7086.78  7138.80  7190.43  7241.70  7292.61  7343.17  7393.38  7443.25  7492.79

Table 5. is for the external diameter of every sub regions of 1D, 15mm, 8 order diffraction lens. Each regional area is three times of area of corresponding 3D lens (table 3). Each regional area is the twice of the area of corresponding 2D lens (table 4).

Zone
									1     2     3     4     5     6     7     8     9     10     11     12     13     14     15     16     17     18     19     20     21     22     23     24     25     26     27     28     29     30     31     32     33     34     35     36     37     38     39     40     41     42     43     44     45     46     47     48     49     50     51	372.49   1117.47   1535.82   1862.46   2139.80   2385.11   2607.44   2812.25   3003.12   3182.57   3352.42   3514.08   3668.62   3816.90   3959.64   4097.41   4230.69   4359.90   4485.39   4607.47   4726.39   4842.39   4955.68   5066.43   5174.82   5280.98   5385.05   5487.14   5587.37   5685.84   5782.62   5877.82   5971.49   6063.72   6154.57   6244.10   6332.36   6419.40   6505.29   6590.05   6673.74   6756.39   6838.04   6918.72   6998.48   7077.34   7155.33   7232.48   7308.81   7384.36   7459.14	526.78  1177.92  1580.35  1899.34  2171.98  2414.02  2633.91  2836.81  3026.14  3204.29  3373.05  3533.77  3687.48  3835.04  3977.12  4114.30  4247.06  4375.79  4500.83  4622.50  4741.04  4856.70  4969.66  5080.11  5188.21  5294.10  5397.92  5499.77  5599.78  5698.03  5794.61  5889.61  5983.10  6075.15  6165.83  6255.20  6343.30  6430.20  6515.94  6600.57  6684.12  6766.65  6848.17  6928.74  7008.39  7087.14  7165.02  7242.06  7318.30  7393.75  7468.43	645.17  1235.41  1623.65  1935.52  2203.69  2442.59  2660.12  2861.16  3048.98  3225.87  3393.56  3553.34  3706.24  3853.08  3994.53  4131.13  4263.36  4391.61  4516.22  4637.48  4755.65  4870.96  4983.60  5093.75  5201.56  5307.19  5410.75  5512.37  5612.15  5710.19  5806.57  5901.38  5994.69  6086.56  6177.07  6266.28  6354.23  6440.98  6526.58  6611.07  6694.49  6776.89  6858.30  6938.75  7018.28  7096.92  7174.70  7251.64  7327.77  7403.12  7477.72	744.98   1290.35   1665.83   1971.04   2234.95   2470.83   2686.08   2885.31   3071.64   3247.31   3413.94   3572.81   3724.92   3871.05   4011.86   4147.89   4279.60   4407.38   4531.56   4652.42   4770.22   4885.18   4997.50   5107.35   5214.88   5320.24   5423.56   5524.94   5624.50   5722.32   5818.50   5913.12   6006.25   6097.95   6188.30   6277.34   6365.14   6451.74   6537.20   6621.56   6704.85   6787.12   6868.41   6948.74   7028.16   7106.69   7184.36   7261.20   7337.23   7412.49   7486.99	832.92   1343.04   1706.97   2005.93   2265.78   2498.75   2711.78   2909.25   3094.15   3268.60   3434.20   3592.18   3743.49   3888.93   4029.11   4164.58   4295.78   4423.09   4546.84   4667.31   4784.74   4899.36   5011.36   5120.91   5228.17   5333.27   5436.34   5537.49   5636.82   5734.44   5830.42   5924.84   6017.79   6109.32   6199.50   6288.38   6376.03   6462.49   6547.80   6632.02   6715.19   6797.33   6878.50   6958.72   7038.02   7116.44   7194.01   7270.75   7346.68   7421.84   7496.25	912.41   1393.74   1747.14   2040.22   229 6.19   2526.36   2737.24   2933.00   3116.49   3289.76   3454.35   3611.44   3761.98   3906.72   4046.29   4181.21   4311.90   4438.75   4562.07   4682.15   4799.22   4913.50   5025.19   5134.44   5241.42   5346.26   5449.08   5550.00   5649.11   5746.52   5842.30   5936.54   6029.30   6120.66   6210.68   6299.40   6386.90   6473.21   6558.39   6642.48   6725.51   6807.53   6888.58   6968.68   7047.87   7126.18   7203.64   7280.28   7356.12   7431.18   7505.50	985.52   1442.65   1786.41   2073.95   2326.21   2553.67   2762.47   2956.56   3138.67   3310.78   3474.37   3630.60   3780.38   3924.44   4063.40   4197.77   4327.96   4454.35   4577.25   4696.94   4813.65   4927.60   5038.97   5147.94   5254.64   5359.22   5461.80   5562.49   5661.38   5758.58   5854.17   5948.21   6040.80   6131.99   6221.84   6310.41   6397.75   6483.92   6568.96   6652.91   6735.82   6817.72   6898.64   6978.63   7057.71   7135.91   7213.27   7289.80   7365.54   7440.51   7514.74	1053.57  1489.97  1824.83  2107.13  2355.84  2580.70  2787.47  2979.93  3160.70  3331.67  3494.28  3649.66  3798.68  3942.08  4080.44  4214.26  4343.96  4469.90  4592.39  4711.69  4828.04  4941.66  5052.72  5161.40  5267.83  5372.15  5474.49  5574.94  5673.62  5770.62  5866.00  5959.87  6052.27  6143.29  6232.98  6321.39  6408.59  6494.61  6579.51  6663.33  6746.11  6827.88  6908.69  6988.56  7067.53  7145.63  7222.88  7299.32  7374.96  7449.83  7523.96

Table 6. is for the external diameter of every sub regions of 2D, 15mm, 8 order diffraction lens.

Subregion	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
									Zone
1.     2.     3.     4.     5.     6.     7.     8.     9.     10.     11.     12.     13.     14.     15.     16.     17.     18.     19.     20.     21.     22.     23.     24.     25.     26.     27.     28.     29.     30.     31.     32.     33.     34.     35.     36.     37.     38.     39.     40.     41.     42.     43.     44.     45.     46.     47.     48.     49.     50.     51.     52.     53.     54.     55.     56.	263.39  790.17  1085.99  1316.96  1513.07  1686.53  1843.74  1988.56  2123.53  2250.42  2370.52  2484.83  2594.10  2698.96  2799.89  2897.30  2991.55  3082.92  3171.65  3257.97  3342.06  3424.09  3504.19  3582.51  3659.15  3734.22  3807.80  3880.00  3950.87  4020.49  4088.93  4156.25  4222.48  4287.70  4351.94  4415.24  4477.65  4539.20  4599.93  4659.87  4719.04  4777.49  4835.22  4892.28  4948.67  5004.44  5059.58  5114.13  5168.11  5221.53  5274.41  5326.76  5378.60  5429.95  5480.82  5531.22	372.49  832.92  1117.47  1343.04  1535.82  1706.97  1862.46  2005.93  2139.80  2265.78  2385.11  2498.75  2607.44  2711.78  2812.25  2909.25  3003.12  3094.15  3182.57  3268.60  3352.42  3434.20  3514.08  3592.18  3668.62  3743.49  3816.90  3888.93  3959.64  4029.11  4097.41  4164.58  4230.69  4295.78  4359.90  4423.09  4485.39  4546.84  4607.47  4667.31  4726.39  4784.74  4842.39  4899.36  4955.68  5011.36  5066.43  5120.91  5174.82  5228.17  5280.98  5333.27  5385.05  5436.34  5487.14  5537.49	456.21   873.57   1148.10   1368.62   1558.24   1727.17   1880.99   2023.15   2155.95   2281.04   2399.61   2512.59   2620.71   2724.54   2824.56   2921.15   3014.65   3105.34   3193.45   3279.20   3362.76   3444.29   3523.94   3601.82   3678.06   3752.75   3825.98   3897.84   3968.39   4037.71   4105.86   4172.90   4238.88   4303.85   4367.85   4430.93   4493.12   4554.46   4614.99   4674.73   4733.72   4791.99   4849.55   4906.44   4962.67   5018.28   5073.28   5127.68   5181.52   5234.80   5287.54   5339.77   5391.49   5442.71   5493.46   5543.75	526.78  912.41  1177.92  1393.74  1580.35  1747.14  1899.34  2040.22  2171.98  2296.19  2414.02  2526.36  2633.91  2737.24  2836.81  2933.00  3026.14  3116.49  3204.29  3289.76  3373.05  3454.35  3533.77  3611.44  3687.48  3761.98  3835.04  3906.72  3977.12  4046.29  4114.30  4181.21  4247.06  4311.90  4375.79  4438.75  4500.83  4562.07  4622.50  4682.15  4741.04  4799.22  4856.70  4913.50  4969.66  5025.19  5080.11  5134.44  5188.21  5241.42  5294.10  5346.26  5397.92  5449.08  5499.77  5550.00	588.96   949.67   1207.01   1418.41   1602.15   1766.88   1917.52   2057.15   2187.89   2311.25   2428.35   2540.05   2647.05   2749.89   2849.01   2944.80   3037.58   3127.60   3215.10   3300.28   3383.32   3464.37   3543.57   3621.03   3696.87   3771.19   3844.07   3915.59   3985.83   4054.86   4122.73   4189.50   4255.22   4319.94   4383.71   4446.56   4508.53   4569.67   4630.00   4689.55   4748.35   4806.44   4863.83   4920.56   4976.63   5032.08   5086.93   5141.19   5194.89   5248.04   5300.65   5352.74   5404.34   5455.44   5506.08   5556.25	645.17  985.52  1235.41  1442.65  1623.65  1786.41  1935.52  2073.95  2203.69  2326.21  2442.59  2553.67  2660.12  2762.47  2861.16  2956.56  3048.98  3138.67  3225.87  3310.78  3393.56  3474.37  3553.34  3630.60  3706.24  3780.38  3853.08  3924.44  3994.53  4063.40  4131.13  4197.77  4263.36  4327.96  4391.61  4454.35  4516.22  4577.25  4637.48  4696.94  4755.65  4813.65  4870.96  4927.60  4983.60  5038.97  5093.75  5147.94  5201.56  5254.64  5307.19  5359.22  5410.75  5461.80  5512.37  5562.49	696.87  1020.11  1263.18  1466.50  1644.88  1805.72  1953.36  2090.60  2219.37  2341.07  2456.75  2567.22  2673.13  2775.00  2873.26  2968.27  3060.33  3149.70  3236.61  3321.24  3403.77  3484.34  3563.09  3640.14  3715.59  3789.54  3862.08  3933.27  4003.20  4071.93  4139.52  4206.02  4271.49  4335.97  4399.50  4462.13  4523.89  4584.83  4644.96  4704.32  4762.94  4820.85  4878.08  4934.64  4990.55  5045.85  5100.55  5154.67  5208.23  5261.24  5313.72  5365.69  5417.16  5468.15  5518.66  5568.72	744.98  1053.57  1290.35  1489.97  1665.83  1824.83  1971.04  2107.13  2234.95  2355.84  2470.83  2580.70  2686.08  2787.47  2885.31  2979.93  3071.64  3160.70  3247.31  3331.67  3413.94  3494.28  3572.81  3649.66  3724.92  3798.68  3871.05  3942.08  4011.86  4080.44  4147.89  4214.26  4279.60  4343.96  4407.38  4469.90  4531.56  4592.39  4652.42  4711.69  4770.22  4828.04  4885.18  4941.66  4997.50  5052.72  5107.35  5161.40  5214.88  5267.83  5320.24  5372.15  5423.56  5474.49  5524.94  5574.94

57.     58.     59.     60.     61.     62.     63.     64.     65.     66.     67.     68.     69.     70.     71.     72.     73.     74.     75.     76.     77.     78.     79.     80.     81.     82.     83.     84.     85.     86.     87.     88.     89.     90.     91.     92.     93.     94.     95.     96.     97.     98.     99.     100.     101.     102.

5581.16   5630.66   5679.73   5728.38   5776.62   5824.46   5871.91   5918.98   5965.68   6012.02   6058.00   6103.64   6148.93   6193.90   6238.54   6282.86   6326.88   6370.59   6414.00   6457.12   6499.95   6542.51   6584.78   6626.79   6668.54   6710.02   6751.25   6792.23   6832.96   6873.45   6913.71   6953.73   6993.52   7033.09   7072.44   7441.57   7150.48   7189.18   7227.68   7265.97   7304.07   7341.96   7379.66   7417.17   7454.49   7491.62

5587.37   5636.82   5685.84   5734.44   5782.62   5830.42   5877.82   5924.84   5971.49   6017.79   6063.72   6109.32   6154.57   6199.50   6244.10   6288.38   6332.36   6376.03   6419.40   6462.49   6505.29   6547.80   6590.05   6632.02   6673.74   6715.19   6756.39   6797.33   6838.04   6878.50   6918.72   6958.72   6998.48   7038.02   7077.34   7116.44   7155.33   7194.01   7232.48   7270.75   7308.81   7346.68   7384.36   7421.84   7459.14   7496.25

5593.58  5642.97  5691.94  5740.48  5788.62  5836.36  5883.72  5930.69  5977.30  6023.55  6069.44  6114.99  6160.20  6205.09  6249.65  6293.90  6337.83  6381.47  6424.81  6467.85  6510.62  6553.10  6595.31  6637.25  6678.93  6720.35  6761.52  6802.44  6843.11  6883.54  6923.74  6963.70  7003.44  7042.95  7082.24  7121.31  7160.18  7198.83  7237.27  7275.52  7313.56  7351.40  7389.05  7426.51  7463.79  7500.87

5599.78  5649.11  5698.03  5746.52  5794.61  5842.30  5889.61  5936.54  5983.10  6029.30  6075.15  6120.66  6165.83  6210.68  6255.20  6299.40  6343.30  6386.90  6430.20  6473.21  6515.94  6558.39  6600.57  6642.48  6684.12  6725.51  6766.65  6807.53  6848.17  6888.58  6928.74  6968.68  7008.39  7047.87  7047.14  7126.18  7165.02  7203.64  7242.06  7280.28  7318.30  7356.12  7393.75  7431.18  7468.43  7505.50

5605.97  5655.25  5704.11  5752.55  5800.59  5848.24  5895.50  5942.38  5988.90  6035.05  6080.86  6126.33  6171.46  6216.26  6260.74  6304.91  6348.77  6392.33  6435.59  6478.57  6521.26  6563.68  6605.82  6647.70  6689.31  6730.67  6771.77  6812.63  6853.24  6893.61  6933.75  6973.66  7013.34  7052.79  7092.03  7131.05  7169.86  7208.46  7246.85  7285.04  7323.04  7360.83  7398.44  7435.85  7473.08  7510.12

5612.15  5661.38  5710.19  5758.58  5806.57  5854.17  5901.38  5948.21  5994.69  6040.80  6086.56  6131.99  6177.07  6221.84  6266.28  6310.41  6354.23  6397.75  6440.98  6483.92  6526.58  6568.96  6611.07  6652.91  6694.49  6735.82  6776.89  6817.72  6858.30  6898.64  6938.75  6978.63  7018.28  7057.71  7096.92  7135.91  7174.70  7213.27  7251.64  7289.80  7327.77  7365.54  7403.12  7440.51  7477.72  7514.74

5618.33  5667.51  5716.26  5764.60  5812.54  5860.09  5907.25  5954.04  6000.47  6046.54  6092.26  6137.64  6182.69  6227.41  6271.81  6315.90  6359.69  6403.17  6446.37  6489.27  6531.89  6574.24  6616.32  6658.12  6699.67  640.97  6782.01  6822.80  6863.35  6903.67  6943.75  6983.60  7023.22  7062.62  7101.80  7140.77  7179.53  7218.08  7256.42  7294.56  7332.50  7370.25  7407.81  7445.17  7482.35  7519.35

5624.50  5673.62  5722.32  5770.62  5818.50  5866.00  5913.12  5959.87  6006.25  6052.27  6097.95  6143.29  6188.30  6232.98  6277.34  6321.39  6365.14  6408.59  6451.74  6494.61  6537.20  6579.51  6621.56  6663.33  6704.85  6746.11  6787.12  6827.88  6868.41  6908.69  6948.74  6988.56  7028.16  7067.53  7106.69  7145.63  7184.36  7222.88  7261.20  7299.32  7337.23  7374.96  7412.49  7449.83  7486.99  7523.96

Table 7. is for the external diameter of every sub regions of 2.5D, 15mm, 8 order diffraction lens.

Subregion	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
									Zone
1.     2.     3.     4.     5.     6.     7.     8.     9.     10.     11.     12.     13.     14.     15.     16.     17.     18.     19.     20.     21.     22.     23.     24.     25.     26.     27.     28.     29.     30.     31.     32.     33.     34.     35.     36.     37.     38.     39.     40.     41.     42.     43.     44.     45.     46.     47.     48.     49.     50.     51.     52.     53.     54.     55.     56.	235.58  706.75  971.34  1177.92  1353.33  1508.48  1649.09  1778.62  1899.34  2012.83  2120.26  2222.50  2320.24  2414.02  2504.30  2591.43  2675.72  2757.44  2836.81  2914.02  2989.23  3062.60  3134.25  3204.29  3272.84  3339.99  3405.80  3470.37  3533.77  3596.04  3657.25  3717.46  3776.70  3835.04  3892.49  3949.11  4004.93  4059.99  4114.30  4167.91  4220.84  4273.11  4324.75  4375.79  4426.23  4476.10  4525.43  4574.22  4622.50  4670.28  4717.57  4764.40  4810.77  4856.70  4902.19  4947.27	333.17     744.98     999.50     1201.25     1373.68     1526.76     1665.83     1794.16     1913.90     2026.57     2133.31     2234.95     2332.17     2425.49     2515.35     2602.11     2686.08     2767.49     2846.58     2923.53     2998.50     3071.64     3143.09     3212.94     3281.31     3348.28     3413.94     3478.36     3541.61     3603.75     3664.83     3724.92     3784.05     3842.26     3899.62     3956.13     4011.86     4066.82     4121.04     4174.57     4227.41     4279.60     4331.17     4382.12     4432.49     4482.30     4531.56     4580.28     4628.50     4676.22     4723.45     4770.22     4816.53     4862.41     4907.85     4952.88	408.04     781.34     1026.89     1224.13     1393.74     1544.83     1682.41     1809.56     1928.34     2040.22     2146.28     2247.33     2344.03     2436.90     2526.36     2612.76     2696.39     2777.50     2856.31     2933.00     3007.74     3080.67     3151.90     3221.57     3289.76     3356.56     3422.06     3486.33     3549.44     3611.44     3672.40     3732.36     3791.37     3849.48     3906.72     3963.14     4018.77     4073.63     4127.77     4181.21     4233.97     4286.08     4337.57     4388.45     4438.75     4488.49     4537.68     4586.34     4634.49     4682.15     4729.32     4776.03     4822.29     4868.11     4913.50     4958.48	471.17   816.09   1053.57   1246.60   1413.51   1562.69   1698.82   1824.83   1942.68   2053.78   2159.17   2259.65   2355.84   2448.26   253732   262336   2706.66   2787.47   2866.01   2942.45   3016.95   3089.66   3160.70   3230.17   3298.18   3364.82   3430.16   3494.28   3557.25   3619.12   3679.95   3739.79   3798.68   3856.68   3913.82   3970.14   4025.67   4080.44   4134.49   4187.84   4240.52   4292.55   4343.96   4394.77   4445.00   4494.66   4543.79   4592.39   4640.47   4688.07   4735.19   4781.84   4828.04   4873.81   4919.15   4964.07	526.78   849.41   1079.58   1268.66   1433.00   1580.35   1715.08   1839.97   1956.91   2067.24   2171.98   2271.89   2367.59   2459.57   2548.23   2633.91   2716.89   2797.41   2875.67   2951.86   3026.14   3098.63   3169.46   3238.75   3306.58   3373.05   3438.24   3502.21   3565.04   3626.78   3687.48   3747.20   3805.98   3863.87   3920.91   3977.12   4032.56   4087.24   4141.20   4194.46   4247.06   4299.01   4350.34   4401.08   4451.24   4500.83   4549.89   4598.42   4646.45   4693.99   4741.04   4787.64   4833.79   4879.50   4924.78   4969.66	577.06   881.48   1104.99   1290.35   1452.24   1597.81   1731.18   1854.99   1971.04   2080.62   2184.72   2284.08   2379.29   2470.83   2559.10   2644.43   2727.09   2807.31   2885.31   2961.25   3035.29   3107.57   3178.21   3247.31   3314.97   3381.27   3446.30   3510.13   3572.81   3634.42   3695.00   3754.60   3813.27   3871.05   3927.98   3984.09   4039.43   4094.02   4147.89   4201.07   4253.59   4305.46   4356.72   4407.38   4457.47   4506.99   4555.99   4604.45   4652.42   4699.89   4746.89   4793.43   4839.52   4885.18   4930.42   4975.24	623.30   912.41   1129.82   1311.68   1471.22   1615.09   1747.14   1869.89   1985.07   2093.92   2197.38   2296.19   2390.92   2482.04   2569.92   2654.90   2737.24   2817.18   2894.91   2970.61   3044.42   3116.49   3186.93   3255.84   3323.33   3389.47   3454.35   3518.03   3580.57   3642.05   3702.50   3761.98   3820.54   3878.21   3935.03   3991.05   4046.29   4100.79   4154.58   4207.67   4260.11   4311.90   4363.08   4413.67   4463.69   4513.15   4562.07   4610.48   4658.38   4705.79   4752.74   4799.22   4845.26   4890.86   4936.04   4980.81	666.33   942.34   1154.12   1332.67   1489.97   1632.18   1762.95   1884.68   1999.00   2107.13   2209.98   2308.25   2402.50   2493.19   2580.70   2665.33   2747.36   2827.01   2904.48   2979.93   3053.52   3125.38   3195.62   3264.35   3331.67   3397.65   3462.37   3525.90   3588.31   3649.66   3709.99   3769.35   3827.79   3885.36   3942.08   3998.00   4053.15   4107.55   4161.25   4214.26   4266.61   4318.33   4369.44   4419.95   4469.90   4519.29   4568.15   4616.49   4664.33   4711.69   4758.57   4805.00   4850.98   4896.53   4941.66   4986.38

57.     58.     59.     60.     61.     62.     63.     64.     65.     66.     67.     68.     69.     70.     71.     72.     73.     74.     75.     76.     77.     78.     79.     80.     81.     82.     83.     84.     85.     86.     87.     88.     89.     90.     91.     92.     93.     94.     95.     96.     97.     98.     99.     100.     101.     102.     103.     104.     105.     106.     107.     108.     109.     110.     111.     112.     113.     114.     115.     116.

4991.94   5036.22   5080.11   5123.62   5166.77   5209.56   5252.00   5294.10   5335.87   5377.31   5418.44   5459.26   5499.77   5539.99   5579.92   5619.56   5658.93   5698.03   5736.85   5775.42   5813.73   5851.79   5889.61   5927.18   5964.52   6001.62   6038.50   6075.15   6111.59   6147.80   6183.81   6219.61   6255.20   6290.59   6325.78   6360.78   6395.58   6430.20   6464.63   6498.88   6532.95   6566.85   6600.57   6634.12   6667.50   6700.71   6733.76   6766.65   6799.37   6831.95   6864.36   6896.63   6928.74   6960.71   6992.53   7024.21   7055.74   7087.14   7118.39   7149.51

4997.50   5041.73   5085.57   5129.03   5172.14   5214.88   5257.28   5299.34   5341.07   5382.47   5423.56   5464.34   5504.82   5545.00   5584.89   5624.40   5663.83   5702.89   5741.69   5780.22   5818.50   5856.53   5894.32   5931.86   5969.17   6006.25   6043.10   6079.72   6116.13   6152.32   6188.30   6224.07   6259.63   6295.00   6330.17   6365.14   6399.92   6434.52   6468.93   6503.15   6537.20   6571.07   6604.77   6638.30   6671.66   6704.85   6737.88   6770.75   6803.46   6836.01   6868.41   6900.65   6932.75   6964.70   6996.50   7028.16   7059.67   7091.05   7122.29   7153.39

5003.05   5047.23   5091.02   5134.44   5177.50   5220.20   5262.56   5304.57   5346.26   5387.62   5428.67   5469.41   5509.85   5550.00   5589.86   5629.43   5668.73   5707.76   5746.52   5785.02   5823.27   5861.27   5899.03   5936.54   5973.82   6010.87   6047.69   6084.28   6120.66   6156.83   6192.78   6228.52   6264.06   6299.40   6334.55   6369.50   6404.26   6438.83   6473.21   6507.42   6541.44   6575.29   6608.97   6642.48   6675.81   6708.99   6742.00   6774.84   6807.53   6840.07   6872.44   6904.67   6936.75   6968.68   7000.46   7032.10   7063.60   7094.96   7126.18   7157.27

5008.59   5052.72   5096.47   5139.84   5182.86   5225.51   5267.83   5309.80   5351.45   5392.77   5433.78   5474.49   5514.89   5555.00   5594.82   5634.36   5673.62   5712.62   5751.35   5789.82   5828.04   5866.00   5903.73   5941.21   5978.46   6015.48   6052.27   6088.84   6125.19   6161.33   6197.26   6232.98   6268.49   6303.81   6338.93   6373.85   6408.59   6443.14   6477.50   6511.68   6545.69   6579.51   6613.17   6646.65   6679.97   6713.12   6746.11   6778.94   6811.61   6844.12   6876.48   6908.69   6940.75   6972.66   7004.43   7036.05   7067.53   7098.87   7130.08   7161.15

5014.13   5058.21   5101.91   5145.24   5188.21   5230.82   5273.09   5315.03   5356.63   5397.92   5438.89   5479.55   5519.92   5559.99   5599.78   5639.28   5678.51   5717.47   5756.17   5794.61   5832.80   5870.73   5908.43   5945.88   5983.10   6020.09   6056.86   6093.40   6129.72   6165.83   6201.73   6237.43   6272.92   6308.21   6343.30   6378.21   6412.92   6447.44   6481.78   6515.94   6549.92   6583.73   6617.36   6650.83   6684.12   6717.25   6750.22   6783.03   6815.68   6848.17   6880.52   6912.71   6944.75   6976.64   7008.39   7039.99   7071.46   7102.78   7133.97   7165.02

5019.66  5063.69  5107.35  5150.63  5193.55  5236.12  5278.35  5320.24  5361.81  5403.05  5443.99  5484.61  5524.94  5564.98  5604.73  5644.20  5683.40  5722.32  5760.99  5799.40  5837.55  5875.46  5913.12  5950.55  5987.74  6024.70  6061.44  6097.95  6134.25  6170.33  6206.21  6241.87  6277.34  6312.61  6347.68  6382.55  6417.24  6451.74  6486.06  6520.20  6554.16  6587.94  6621.56  6655.00  6688.27  6721.38  6754.33  6787.12  6819.75  6852.23  6884.55  6916.72  6948.74  6980.62  7012.35  7043.93  7075.38  7106.69  7137.86  7168.89

5025.19  5069.17  5112.78  5156.02  5198.89  5241.42  5283.61  5325.46  5366.98  5408.19  5449.08  5489.67  5529.96  5569.96  5609.68  5649.11  5688.28  5727.17  5765.80  5804.18  5842.30  5880.18  5917.81  5955.21  5992.37  6029.30  6066.01  6102.50  6138.77  6174.83  6210.68  6246.32  6281.76  6317.00  6352.05  6386.90  6421.57  6456.04  6490.34  6524.45  6558.39  6592.15  6625.75  6659.17  6692.42  6725.51  6758.44  6791.21  6823.82  6856.27  6888.58  6920.73  6952.73  6984.59  7016.30  7047.87  7079.30  7110.59  7141.74  7172.76

5030.71  5074.64  5118.20  5161.40  5204.23  5246.71  5288.86  5330.67  5372.15  5413.32  5454.17  5494.72  5534.98  5574.94  5614.62  5654.03  5693.15  5732.02  5770.62  5808.96  5847.05  5884.90  5922.50  5959.87  5997.00  6033.90  6070.58  6107.05  6143.29  6179.32  6215.14  6250.76  6286.18  6321.39  6356.41  6391.24  6425.89  6460.34  6494.61  6528.71  6562.62  6596.36  6629.93  6663.33  6696.57  6729.64  6762.54  6795.29  6827.88  6860.32  6892.60  6924.74  6956.72  6988.56  7020.26  7051.81  7083.22  7114.49  7145.63  7176.63

117.     118.     119.     120.     121.     122.     123.     124.     125.     126.     127.

7180.49   7211.35   7242.06   7272.65   7303.12   7333.45   7363.66   7393.75   7423.71   7453.56   7483.28

7184.36   7215.19   7245.90   7276.47   7306.91   7337.23   7367.43   7397.50   7427.45   7457.28   7486.99

7188.22   7219.04   7249.72   7280.28   7310.71   7341.01   7371.19   7401.25   7431.18   7461.00   7490.69

7192.08   7222.88   7253.55   7284.09   7314.51   7344.79   7374.96   7405.00   7434.92   7464.72   7494.40

7195.94   7226.72   7257.38   7287.90   7318.30   7348.57   7378.72   7408.74   7438.65   7468.43   7498.10

7199.79   7230.56   7261.20   7291.71   7322.09   7352.5   7382.48   7412.49   7442.38   7472.15   7501.80

7203.64   7234.40   7265.02   7295.51   7325.88   7356.12   7386.24   7416.23   7446.11   7475.86   7505.50

7207.50   7238.23   7268.84   7299.32   7329.67   7359.89   7389.99   7419.97   7449.83   7479.57   7509.19

Claims (25)

1. But 1. the electro-active lens of the electricity control that can adjust focusing, it comprises:

   Liquid crystal layer between a pair of transparent substrates; The patterned electrode of Fresnel region, it has M zone, each zone all have liquid crystal layer and first transparent substrates towards the individual separately addressable subregion of the L between the interior surface, wherein M and L are positive integers; And

   The liquid crystal layer and second transparent substrates towards the conductive layer between the interior surface.
2. 2. lens as claimed in claim 1, wherein, the separately addressable subregion of the patterned electrode of Fresnel region is on same surface level.
3. 3. lens as claimed in claim 1, wherein, liquid crystal is selected from the group of being made up of following material: nematic, cholesteric, electricity activate polymkeric substance, polymer liquid crystal, the liquid crystal of polymer dispersed, the liquid crystal of polymer stabilizing and the nonlinear supramolecular structure of self assembly.
4. 4. lens as claimed in claim 3, wherein, liquid crystal is a nematic.
5. 5. lens as claimed in claim 4, wherein, liquid crystal is E7.
6. 6. lens as claimed in claim 1, wherein, transparent substrates is a glass.
7. 7. lens as claimed in claim 1, wherein, transparent substrates is plastics.
8. 8. lens as claimed in claim 1 further comprise the controller for electric consumption that is electrically connected to separately addressable subregion and conductive layer.
9. 9. lens as claimed in claim 8, wherein, controller for electric consumption applies positive voltage or negative voltage to separately addressable subregion.
10. 10. lens as claimed in claim 9, wherein, voltage arrives between positive 3 volts at 3 volts that bear.
11. 11. lens as claimed in claim 8 further comprise the distance-measuring equipment that is electrically connected to controller for electric consumption.
12. 12. lens as claimed in claim 1, wherein, patterned electrode and conductive layer are transparent.
13. 13. lens as claimed in claim 12, wherein, patterned electrode and conductive layer are tin indium oxides.
14. 14. lens as claimed in claim 1 further are included in liquid crystal layer alignment on every side.
15. 15. lens as claimed in claim 14, wherein, alignment is a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA).
16. 16. lens as claimed in claim 14, wherein, alignment is a nylon 6,6.
17. 17. lens as claimed in claim 1, wherein, transparent substrates is separated between about 3 microns to about 20 microns.
18. 18. lens as claimed in claim 1, wherein, focal length is positive.
19. 19. lens as claimed in claim 1, wherein, focal length is born.
20. 20. the focal length with lens is adjusted into the method for the integral multiple of initial focal length F, this method comprises:

    One lens are provided, and these lens comprise: be sealed in liquid crystal layer between a pair of transparent substrates; The liquid crystal layer and first transparent substrates towards the patterned electrode of Fresnel region between the interior surface, described patterned electrode has M zone, each zone all has the L sub regions, and described patterned electrode has ML separately addressable electrode altogether; The liquid crystal layer and second transparent substrates towards the conductive layer between the interior surface; And the controller for electric consumption that is electrically connected to electrode district and conductive layer; Apply identical voltage to every k separately addressable electrode, thereby focal length is adjusted into kF, wherein k is the integer from 1 to ML.
21. 21. method as claimed in claim 20, wherein, the voltage that is applied arrives between positive 3 volts at 3 volts that bear.
22. 22. a method of adjusting the focal length of lens continuously, this method comprises:

    (a) provide lens, these lens comprise: be sealed in the liquid crystal layer between a pair of transparent substrates; The patterned electrode of Fresnel region, its have this liquid crystal layer and first transparent substrates towards L the order of diffraction between the interior surface, described patterned electrode is the circular array of separately addressable ring; The liquid crystal layer and second transparent substrates towards the conductive layer between the interior surface; And the controller for electric consumption that is electrically connected to electrode district and conductive layer;

    (b) determine desirable focal length (f ');

    (c) utilize equation: r _m ²+ f ' ²=(f '+m λ) ²Calculate the area in m zone of the patterned electrode of Fresnel region, wherein f ' is the design focal length, and λ is a design wavelength;

    (d) remove the area in m the zone that is calculated with L or bigger integer, to determine to form the quantity of the separately addressable electrode that designs subregion;

    (e) apply identical voltage for the separately addressable electrode of these quantity in the design subregion.
23. 23. method as claimed in claim 22, (a) also comprises before in step:

    Determine one or more design focal lengths;

    Calculate the ring size of the maximum in the patterned electrode of Fresnel region, this maximum ring size allows to form all design focal lengths in the design subregion.
24. 24. method as claimed in claim 22 further comprises and utilizes distance-measuring equipment to determine the design focal length, to determine lens and desirable distance between objects.
25. 25. method as claimed in claim 22, wherein, the voltage that is applied arrives between positive 3 volts at 3 volts that bear.

Images