Accompanying drawing 4 is embodiment of " single wave mode " constant-current source circuit, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing 2 and accompanying drawing 3 this embodiment is described.
Accompanying drawing 2 expression alternating currents are through the voltage waveform after the full-wave rectification, and this is a half-sinusoid dc pulse moving voltage, can abbreviate pulsating volage as.If its analytic equation is: u=|Um sin (ω t/2) |, be simple meter, establish the first phase parallactic angle and equal zero.
U is the alternating voltage instantaneous value in the formula, and Um is an alternating voltage peak, and ω is a pulsation, and t is the time.Value during (ω t/2)=n π is zero to u at the phasing degree, and wherein n is a positive integer, i.e. n=0,1,2,3.... etc.U is a periodic quantity, and it is just passable that analysis circuit is only analyzed first cycle.
When input pulsating volage u dropped to zero, the thyristor VT1 in the accompanying drawing 4 turn-offed, and triode V1, V2 form Darlington transistor and also be in off state as electronic switch, the output no current.Referring to accompanying drawing 3, when pulsating volage rose to u ' value, the dividing potential drop on resistance R 6 can drive the electronic switch conducting that triode V1, V2 form, and output current has also just been arranged.This output current flows through load through isolating diode VD1, simultaneously to electrochemical capacitor C3 charging energy storage, smoothing current waveform.Resistance R 5 is made output current and is detected sampling, and the electric current that flows through R5 produces the negative voltage in a positive left side, a right side.Along with pulsating volage rises, the electric current that flows through R5 increases the corresponding increase of the voltage drop on the R5.When pulsating volage rises to u " in the time of value; (u around here ">u ', " if voltage drop that the electric current of R5 produces is flow through at the corresponding phasing degree (ω t/2)=θ) of value is enough to make thyristor VT1 triggering and conducting to u; the drive current of triode V1 is fallen in short circuit; electronic switch promptly is in off state, till following one-period, pulsating volage rose to u ' value.The moment of (ω t/2)=π at the phasing degree, pulsating volage u=0, thyristor VT1 turn-offs constantly again at this, enters next circulation.The electronic switch blocking interval discharges energy storage by electrochemical capacitor C3 and powers to the load.
Suitably choose the value of electrochemical capacitor C3, but the proof load electric current is continuous and ripple is less.Suitably choose the value of resistance R 5, just can set the Constant Electric Current flow valuve.
The A frame of the A frame of broken lines respective figure 1 in the accompanying drawing 4, i.e. detection, executive circuit.Concrete connected mode is such: the negative electrode of thyristor VT1 (5) connects the negative output terminal (12) of rectifier bridge VC1; The end of sample resistance R5 links to each other with the negative pole of electrochemical capacitor C2, connects the negative electrode (5) of VT1 again; The end of the other end of R5 (8) connecting resistance R4, the positive pole (7) of another termination C2 of R4, an end of resistance R 3 links to each other the gate pole (4) of another termination VT1 of R3 with (7) point; The anode of VT1 (3) links to each other with an end of resistance R 1, and the other end of R1 (1) connects the positive output end (11) of rectifier bridge VC1.
The B frame of the B frame of broken lines respective figure 1 in the accompanying drawing 4 promptly drives and electronic switching circuit, and concrete connected mode is such: the emitter of NPN triode V1 connects the base stage of NPN triode V2; The collector of V1 and the collector of V2 are connected in (10) point, and this point promptly is the negative terminal OUT2 of constant current source output; After capacitor C 1 and resistance R 2 parallel connections, an end links to each other with the anode (3) of thyristor VT1, and the other end (6) connects the base stage of triode V1; The emitter of V2 connects the end (8) of sample resistance R5; Resistance R 6 is connected between (6) point and (8) point.Here R1 had both made the current-limiting resistance of thyristor VT1, and the base stage of connecting with resistance R 2, R6 again to triode V1 provides drive current; C1 works to quicken triode V1 conducting; For preventing that thyristor VT1 from misleading, C2 is anti-interference for the adding electrochemical capacitor.
The C frame of the C frame of broken lines respective figure 1 in the accompanying drawing 4, i.e. isolation, filtering output.The C frame is the simplest, has only an isolating diode VD1 and an electrolytic capacitor filter C3.Concrete connected mode is such: the positive pole of isolating diode VD1 connects the anode output (11) of rectifier bridge VC1, and the positive pole of electrolytic capacitor filter C3 connects the negative pole of VD1 (9), and (9) point promptly is the anode OUT1 of constant current source output; The negative pole of C3 connects the tie point (10) of the collector of the collector of V1 and V2, and (10) point promptly is the negative terminal OUT2 of constant current source output.Adding isolating diode VD1 can keep rectifier bridge VC1 anode output (11) to be the half-sinusoid dc pulse moving voltage.
Can find out from accompanying drawing 3, the energy of the actual utilization of " single wave mode " constant-current source circuit load only is the energy that the dash area of pulsating volage provides, shade is in phasing degree 0~θ part, promptly is in the half period of (ω t/2)<(pi/2), and this shade only accounts for the fraction of pulsating volage.Make the electrical network energy utilization ratio not high, ripple can not be very little, is difficult to the big electric current of output, is the weak point of " single wave mode " constant-current source circuit.
The latter half of pulsating volage (ω t/2)>(pi/2) at the phasing degree is also used, as accompanying drawing 6 is represented, occur two roughly dash areas of symmetry in the pulsating volage cycle, Here it is so-called " double wave type " constant current source; The constant current source that reaches so noted earlier has been exactly " single wave mode " constant current source naturally.
Accompanying drawing 5 is circuit block diagrams of " double wave type " constant-current source circuit, with " single wave mode " circuit block diagram relatively just many a D frame.The D frame is one and drives frame again that it has comprised some elements, realize following function (referring to accompanying drawing 6):
1. the u value is crossed behind the peak value Um and the u value drops to and equals u once more " constantly during this period of time in, thyristor VT1 is essential to be turn-offed.
2. after the u value is crossed peak value Um, when the u value is equal to or less than u once more " time, electronic switch should be connected output current once more, till u<u '.
3. entering following one-period should be able to circulate.
Electrochemical capacitor C4 is an outward element that belongs to this frame, rises and detects memory effect.Other adds between (2) point that an isolating diode VD2 seals in the anode (3) of thyristor VT1 and resistance R 1.All the other A, B, three frames of C are identical with " single wave mode " circuit block diagram
Accompanying drawing 7 is embodiment of " double wave type " constant-current source circuit, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing 6 this embodiment is described.
After the voltage drop of the electric current generation of flowing through on the current sampling resistor R5 was enough to make thyristor VT1 triggering and conducting, the drive current of the sub-switch of short circuit power down turn-offed electronic switch on the one hand, cuts off output current; Also make PNP triode V4 obtain the bias current conducting by resistance R 8, R9 on the other hand, the direct coupling of PNP triode V3 and V4 also is able to conducting, and electrochemical capacitor C4 is recharged, and charging amplitude maximum can reach Um; Pulsating volage u value crosses that to drop to certain value behind the peak value Um be u≤u " time; PNP triode V5 obtains the bias current conducting by resistance R 10, diode VD3; NPN triode V6 also obtains the bias current conducting; the trigger current of thyristor VT1 is fallen in short circuit; turn-off VT1 (this does not explain but turn-off working mechanism from thyristor through having facts have proved), and the electronic switch drive current of getting back; connection once more is till u<u '; Electrochemical capacitor C4 continues emitter junction by triode V5, resistance R 11, R12 and triode V6 and discharges into and can not continue to keep triode V5 conducting, causes triode V6 and turn-offs, and removes the short circuit of thyristor VT1 gate pole, charges once more up to following one-period; So circulation.
Suitably choose the value of electrochemical capacitor C4, little charging rate can guarantee that C4 is full of electricity in very short time after the u value is crossed peak value Um, as u=u " time electronic switch is connected once more, can make the symmetry of forward and backward " double wave " better like this.
The concrete connected mode of D frame is such: the emitter of PNP triode V4 links to each other with the emitter of PNP triode V3, receives the positive output end (11) of rectifier bridge VC1 again; The collector of V3 (13) links to each other with the positive pole of electrochemical capacitor C4, and the negative pole of C4 connects the negative output terminal (12) of rectifier bridge VC1; The collector of V4 and the base stage of V3 are connected in (14) point, and an end of resistance R 7 links to each other with (14) point, and the other end of R7 connects the negative output terminal (12) that causes VC1; The emitter of PNP triode V5 connects the positive pole (13) of electrochemical capacitor C4, and resistance R 11 and resistance R 12 are series at (16) point, and the other end of R11 connects the collector of V5, and the other end of R12 connects the negative output terminal (12) of VC1; Resistance R 10 is in series with the positive pole of diode VD3, and the other end of R10 connects the base stage of V5, and the negative pole of VD3 is connected to the positive output end of VC1 (11); Resistance R 8 and resistance R 9 are series at (15) point, and the base stage of triode V4 also connects (15) point, and the other end of R8 connects the positive output end (11) of VC1, and the other end of R9 is connected on anode (3) point of thyristor VT1; The anode of VT1 (3) also connects the negative pole of diode VD2,
The positive pole of VD2 connects an end (2) of resistance R 1, and the other end of R1 (1) connects the anode output (11) of VC1.
" double wave type " constant current source is than " single wave mode " constant current source, and the electrical network energy utilization ratio is much higher, is about the twice of " single wave mode " constant current source, and ripple is also much smaller, can export big electric current.
In sum, high-voltage constant current source of the present invention, no matter be " single wave mode " constant-current source circuit or " double wave type " constant-current source circuit, they all are four-pole networks, can directly connect electric main, adopt the form that a components and parts part is integrated, a part is external on the technology.Two ac power input ends of external rectifier bridge VC1 promptly are this tetrapolar input ends; Tetrapolar output can be satisfied load continuous current power requirement.These two kinds of constant current source common features are: not filtering behind the civil power input rectifying; They all comprise detection and three partial circuits are exported in execution, driving and electronic switch, isolation and filtering.
The isolation of two kinds of constant current sources is identical with the filtering output circuit, and concrete connected mode is such: the positive pole of isolating diode VD1 connects the anode output (11) of rectifier bridge VC1; The positive pole of electrolytic capacitor filter C3 connects the negative pole (9) of VD1, and the negative pole of C3 connects the tie point (10) of the collector of the collector of V1 and V2.
These two kinds of constant current sources also have its personal characteristics:
1, for " single wave mode " constant current source, three of outward elements no more than (rectifier bridge VC1, Constant Electric Current flow valuve are set resistance R 5, output terminal electrolytic capacitor filter C3); For " double wave type " constant current source, four of outward elements no more than (rectifier bridge VC1, Constant Electric Current flow valuve are set resistance R 5, output terminal electrolytic capacitor filter C3, detected memory electrochemical capacitor C4).
2, for " single wave mode " constant current source, it detects and the concrete connected mode of executive circuit is such: the negative electrode of thyristor VT1 (5) connects the negative output terminal (12) of rectifier bridge VC1; The end of sample resistance R5 links to each other with the negative pole of electrochemical capacitor C2, connects the negative electrode (5) of VT1 again; The end of the other end of R5 (8) connecting resistance R4, the positive pole (7) of another termination C2 of R4, an end of resistance R 3 links to each other the gate pole (4) of another termination VT1 of R3 with (7) point; The anode of VT1 (3) links to each other with an end of resistance R 1, and the other end of R1 (1) connects the positive output end (11) of rectifier bridge VC1.
3, for " single wave mode " constant current source, the concrete connected mode of its driving and electronic switching circuit is such: the emitter of NPN triode V1 connects the base stage of NPN triode V2; The collector of V1 and the collector of V2 are connected in (10) point; After capacitor C 1 and resistance R 2 parallel connections, an end links to each other with the anode (3) of thyristor VT1, and the other end (6) connects the base stage of triode V1; The emitter of V2 connects the end (8) of sample resistance R5; Resistance R 6 is connected between (6) point and (8) point.
4, for " double wave type " constant current source, it detects and the concrete connected mode of executive circuit is such: the negative electrode of thyristor VT1 (5) connects the negative output terminal (12) of rectifier bridge VC1; The end of sample resistance R5 links to each other with the negative pole of electrochemical capacitor C2, connects the negative electrode (5) of VT1 again; The end of the other end of R5 (8) connecting resistance R4, the positive pole (7) of another termination C2 of R4, an end of resistance R 3 links to each other the gate pole (4) of another termination VT1 of R3 with (7) point; The anode of VT1 (3) links to each other with the negative pole of diode VD2, and the positive pole of diode VD2 links to each other with an end (2) of resistance R 1, and the other end of R1 (1) connects the positive output end (11) of rectifier bridge VC1.
5, for " double wave type " constant current source, the concrete connected mode of its driving and electronic switching circuit is such: the emitter of NPN triode V1 connects the base stage of NPN triode V2; The collector of V1 and the collector of V2 are connected in (10) point; After capacitor C 1 and resistance R 2 parallel connections, an end links to each other with the series connection point (2) of resistance R 1, diode VD2 positive pole, and the other end (6) connects the base stage of triode V1; The emitter of V2 connects the end (8) of sample resistance R5; Resistance R 6 is connected between (6) point and (8) point.
6, for " double wave type " constant current source, export three partial circuits except that comprising detection and execution, driving and electronic switch, isolation and filtering, also have a driving circuit again.This more concrete connected mode of driving circuit be such: the emitter of PNP triode V4 links to each other with the emitter of PNP triode V3, receives the positive output end (11) of rectifier bridge VC1 again; The collector of V3 (13) links to each other with the positive pole of electrochemical capacitor C4, and the negative pole of C4 connects the negative output terminal (12) of rectifier bridge VC1; The collector of V4 and the base stage of V3 are connected in (14) point, and an end of resistance R 7 links to each other with (14) point, and the other end of R7 is connected to the negative output terminal of VC1 (12); The emitter of PNP triode V5 connects the positive pole (13) of electrochemical capacitor C4, and resistance R 11 and resistance R 12 are series at (16) point, and the other end of R11 connects the collector of V5, and the other end of R12 connects the negative output terminal (12) of VC1; Resistance R 10 is in series with the positive pole of diode VD3, and the other end of R10 connects the base stage of V5, and the negative pole of VD3 is connected to the positive output end of VC1 (11); Resistance R 8 and resistance R 9 are series at (15) point, and the base stage of triode V4 also connects (15) point, and the other end of R8 connects the positive output end (11) of VC1, and the other end of R9 is connected on anode (3) point of thyristor VT1; The anode of VT1 (3) also connects the negative pole of diode VD2, and the positive pole of VD2 connects an end (2) of resistance R 1, and the other end of R1 (1) connects the anode output (11) of VC1.