CN101187716B - Optical fiber and light signal processing device - Google Patents
Optical fiber and light signal processing device Download PDFInfo
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- CN101187716B CN101187716B CN2007101668710A CN200710166871A CN101187716B CN 101187716 B CN101187716 B CN 101187716B CN 2007101668710 A CN2007101668710 A CN 2007101668710A CN 200710166871 A CN200710166871 A CN 200710166871A CN 101187716 B CN101187716 B CN 101187716B
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Abstract
An optical fiber includes a first core with a first refractive index located in a central portion of the optical fiber; a second core with a second refractive index located in an outer periphery of the first core; a third core with a third refractive index located in an outer periphery of the second core; and a cladding with a fourth refractive index located in an outer periphery of the third core, where among the refractive indices, the first one>the third one>the fourth one>the second one. The absolute value of dispersion at the wavelength of 1550 nm is not more than 20 ps/nm/km. The effective area at the wavelength is not more than 15 mum<SUP>2</SUP>. The nonlinear constant n<SUB>2</SUB>/Aeff at the wavelength of 1550 nm is equal to or more than 25x10<SUP>-10</SUP>/W.
Description
The application is dividing an application of following patented claim: application number: 200510005781.4, and the applying date: 2005.1.25, denomination of invention: non-linear dispersion-shifted fiber
Technical field
The present invention relates to the light signal processing device of the good optical fiber of non-linearity and this optical fiber of use.
Background technology
In recent years, require high speed, high capacity and the long distance of light signal in transmitting to transmit day by day, for this reason, need be used to realize the high speed of processing speed of light signal and the signal processing technology that long distance transmits.As one of light signal treatment technology, can exemplify converting optical signals is electric signal, and the electric signal of conversion is carried out signal Processing and is reduced to the method for light signal again.But in the method, following is electric signal with converting optical signals specially, but also it is reduced to the processing of light signal, handles so be not suitable for high speed signal.
Corresponding therewith, there is full light signal treatment technology with the light signal treated as such.This treatment technology is not an electric signal with converting optical signals, and light signal is handled as direct optical signal, handles so can carry out light signal at a high speed.
In addition, in full light signal treatment technology, the favourable method that is used in the nonlinear optical phenomena that produces in the optical fiber that transmits light signal is perhaps utilized the method for the non-linear phenomena that produces in the optical guided wave path that is made of non-linear high material etc.The former utilization the full light signal treatment technology of the nonlinear optical phenomena that in optical fiber, produces, but because in high speed processing, transmitting loss also can be very little, so receive publicity especially in recent years.As the non-linear phenomena that in this optical fiber, produces, can enumerate that four light waves mix, self phase modulation (PM), phase modulation (PM), fuzzy (Block リ ユ リ ア Application) scattering etc. mutually.In these phenomenons, the light signal treatment technology of having been reported that the wavelength conversion that has utilized four light waves to mix, the pulse compression that has utilized self phase modulation (PM), wave shaping etc. are arranged.
It is to the light time of optical fiber importing more than or equal to two wavelength that four light waves mix, and owing to non-linear phenomena, produces the phenomenon of the light of new wavelength according to specific rule.Aforesaid light signal treatment technology has utilized the phenomenon of the light that produces this new wavelength in wavelength conversion.And the wavelength conversion that has utilized this four light wave to mix has a plurality of signal wavelengths is gathered the advantage of carrying out wavelength conversion.In addition, by utilizing self phase modulation (PM) and mutual phase modulation (PM), the waveform that worsens in transmitting is carried out shaping, can grow apart from the full light signal processing that transmits also becomes possibility.
; for applications exploiting be called in such optical fiber that four light mix or the light signal treatment technology that is called wavelength conversion, wave shaping of the non-linear phenomena of self phase modulation (PM); as optical fiber; need to produce the optical fiber of big non-linear phenomena, promptly have the optical fiber of high non-linearity.
Index as the non-linearity of representing this optical fiber has nonlinear constant.Nonlinear constant is represented by following formula (1).
Nonlinear constant=n
2/ Aeff (1)
And, in formula (1), n
2The nonlinear refractive index of expression optical fiber, Aeff represents the net sectional area of optical fiber.By above-mentioned formula (1) as can be known, for the nonlinear constant that makes optical fiber becomes big, need nonlinear refractive index n
2Become big, net sectional area Aeff is diminished.
In order to realize this purpose, the known for example a large amount of germanium of first fuse (core) doping that has at the central part that is arranged in optical fiber, thereby increasing nonlinear refractive index n
2Method, perhaps make the refractive index contrast of first fuse and covering become big, thereby reduce the method etc. of Aeff.But if strengthen the refractive index contrast of first fuse and covering, then dispersion slope becomes big, and cutoff wavelength is offset to long wavelength side.
Therefore, knownly the so-called W type index distribution of second fuse lower than the refractive index of covering is set, can reduces dispersion slope, cutoff wavelength is offset to short wavelength side by periphery at first fuse.
As the optical fiber of having realized above-mentioned technology, the optical fiber of the open communique 2002-207136 number proposition of Jap.P. is for example arranged.This optical fiber is made as W type index distribution by the index distribution with optical fiber, even the concentration of the germanium that mixes in making first fuse uprises, thereby strengthens nonlinear refractive index n
2, and make the refractive index contrast of first fuse and covering become big, thus reduce under the situation of Aeff, also can realize the optical fiber that cutoff wavelength is enough short.
Here, for the index distribution with optical fiber is made as W type index distribution, the means as the second fuse refractive index that makes the periphery that is positioned at first fuse reduces for example have the method that second fuse is mixed.
But, in order to obtain the refractive index of second fuse to be increased to minus side as having the superperformance of the optical fiber of high non-linearity, in order to realize this purpose, need be in second fuse fluorine of doped with high concentration.
But, under atmospheric pressure environment during doped with fluorine, on refractive index contrast for pure silicon dioxide, to about-0.7% is the boundary that refractive index reduces, for this boundary of refractive index ratio of making second fuse littler, need for example technology of doped with fluorine (the so-called pure silicon dioxide meaning is not have doping to make the pure silica glass of the dopant of variations in refractive index) under hyperbaric environment here.But, the very high technology of the Technology Need of doped with fluorine under hyperbaric environment, manufacturing equipment complexity not only, but also have the problem that qualification rate worsens of making.
Summary of the invention
In order to finish aforementioned problems, the non-linear dispersion-shifted fiber of an embodiment of the invention comprises: first fuse that is positioned at central part; Be set at this first fuse periphery, second fuse with refractive index lower than the refractive index of first fuse; Be set at the periphery of this second fuse, have the 3rd fuse of lower than the refractive index of first fuse, higher refractive index than the refractive index of second fuse; And the periphery that is set at the 3rd fuse, the covering with lower than the refractive index of the 3rd fuse, higher refractive index than the refractive index of second fuse.
And in order to finish aforementioned problems, the non-linear dispersion-shifted fiber of another embodiment of the invention comprises: first fuse that is positioned at central part; Be set at this first fuse periphery, second fuse with refractive index lower than the refractive index of first fuse; And the periphery that is set at this second fuse, have lower than the refractive index of first fuse, the covering of the refractive index higher than the refractive index of second fuse, described optical fiber is less than or equal to 20ps/nm/km at the absolute value of the chromatic dispersion of wavelength 1550nm, is less than or equal to 15 μ m at the net sectional area of wavelength 1550nm
2, and at the nonlinear constant of wavelength 1550nm more than or equal to 25 * 10
-10/ W is preferably more than or equal to 40 * 10
-10/ W, and in described covering doped germanium.
The invention provides a kind of optical fiber, comprising: first fuse that is positioned at central part; Be set at this first fuse periphery, second fuse with refractive index lower than the refractive index of described first fuse; And the periphery that is set at this second fuse, have lower than the refractive index of described first fuse, the covering of the refractive index higher than the refractive index of second fuse, described optical fiber is less than or equal to 20ps/nm/km at the absolute value of the chromatic dispersion of wavelength 1550nm, is less than or equal to 15 μ m at the net sectional area Aeff of wavelength 1550nm
2, and at the nonlinear constant n of wavelength 1550nm
2/ Aeff is more than or equal to 25 * 10
-10/ W, doped germanium in described covering wherein, is under the situation of 400 meters～1 km in the length of optical fiber, in any wavelength of wavelength 1510nm to 1590nm, the maximal value of optical fiber chromatic dispersion longitudinally and the difference of minimum value are less than or equal to 1ps/nm/km.
The present invention also provides a kind of light signal processing device, and the optical fiber that this device uses comprises: first fuse that is positioned at central part; Be set at this first fuse periphery, second fuse with refractive index lower than the refractive index of described first fuse; And the periphery that is set at this second fuse, have lower than the refractive index of described first fuse, and the covering of the refractive index higher than the refractive index of described second fuse, described optical fiber is less than or equal to 10ps/nm/km at the absolute value of the chromatic dispersion of wavelength 1550nm, is less than or equal to 15 μ m at the net sectional area of wavelength 1550nm
2, and at the nonlinear constant of wavelength 1550nm more than or equal to 25 * 10
-10/ W, doped germanium in described covering wherein, is under the situation of 400 meters～1 km in the length of optical fiber, in any wavelength of wavelength 1510nm to 1590nm, the maximal value of optical fiber chromatic dispersion longitudinally and the difference of minimum value are less than or equal to 1ps/nm/km.
Utilize accompanying drawing, according to the detailed explanation of following invention, can clear and definite above-described content, other purpose of the present invention, feature and advantage.
Description of drawings
Figure 1A represents the typical index distribution of the non-linear dispersion-shifted fiber of embodiments of the present invention 1, and Figure 1B is the cross-sectional view of this optical fiber.
Fig. 2 is the figure of the relation of the refractive index contrast Δ 3 of the 3rd fuse of optical fiber of the structural parameters of expression with table 1 and dispersion slope (slope).
Fig. 3 is the figure of the relation of the refractive index contrast Δ 3 of the 3rd fuse of optical fiber of the structural parameters of expression with table 1 and net sectional area Aeff.
Fig. 4 is the figure of the relation of the refractive index contrast Δ 3 of the 3rd fuse of optical fiber of the structural parameters of expression with table 1 and cutoff wavelength.
Fig. 5 is the figure of the relation of the refractive index contrast Δ 1 of first fuse of optical fiber of the structural parameters of expression with table 2 and net sectional area Aeff.
Fig. 6 is the figure of the relation of the ratio D1/D2 of outer diameter D 2 of the outer diameter D 1 of first fuse of optical fiber of the structural parameters of expression with table 3 and second fuse and dispersion slope.
Fig. 7 is the figure of the relation of the ratio D1/D2 of outer diameter D 2 of the outer diameter D 1 of first fuse of optical fiber of the structural parameters of expression with table 3 and second fuse and cutoff wavelength.
Fig. 8 is among the D1/D2 of the refractive index contrast Δ 2 of second fuse of the refractive index contrast Δ 1 that is illustrated in first fuse of regulation, regulation and regulation, and the cutoff wavelength of chromatic dispersions when the refractive index contrast Δ 3 that makes the 3rd fuse and D2/D3 change ,-10 to 10ps/nm/km becomes the figure of the scope that is less than or equal to 1500nm.
Fig. 9 is the figure of the relation of the α of refractive index profile shape of first fuse of the expression optical fiber that shows the structural parameters with Fig. 4 and dispersion slope.
Figure 10 is the figure of the relation of the α of refractive index profile shape of first fuse of the expression optical fiber that shows the structural parameters with Fig. 4 and net sectional area Aeff.
Figure 11 is the figure that a routine optical wavelength changer of non-linear dispersion-shifted fiber of the present invention has been used in expression.
Figure 12 is the figure that a routine pulse shortener of non-linear dispersion-shifted fiber of the present invention has been used in expression.
Figure 13 A represents the index distribution of the optical fiber of embodiments of the present invention 2, and Figure 13 B is the cross-sectional view of this optical fiber.
Figure 14 A represents the index distribution of another optical fiber of embodiment 2, and Figure 14 B is the cross-sectional view of this optical fiber.
Figure 15 is the figure of the relation of the Δ 1 of optical fiber of the structure of expression with table 7 and Aeff.
Figure 16 is the figure of the relation of the D1/D2 of optical fiber of the structure of expression with table 8 and dispersion slope.
Figure 17 is the figure of the relation of the D1/D2 of optical fiber of the structure of expression with table 8 and Aeff.
Figure 18 is the figure of the relation of the α of optical fiber of the structure of expression with table 9 and dispersion slope.
Figure 19 is the figure of the relation of the α of optical fiber of the structure of expression with table 9 and Aeff.
Embodiment
Figure 1A and Figure 1B represent the example of optical fiber of the non-linear dispersion-shifted type of embodiments of the present invention 1.Figure 1A represents the index distribution of this optical fiber, and Figure 1B represents the part of its xsect.And, omit the line in the outside of covering 4.
Shown in Figure 1A and Figure 1B, the optical fiber of embodiment 1 has the central part of being positioned at, first fuse that refractive index profile shape distributes for the α power; Be set at this first fuse periphery, second fuse with refractive index lower than the refractive index of first fuse; Be set at the periphery of this second fuse, have the 3rd fuse of lower than the refractive index of first fuse, higher refractive index than the refractive index of second fuse; And the periphery that is set at the 3rd fuse, the covering with lower than the refractive index of the 3rd fuse, higher refractive index than the refractive index of second fuse.And D1 represents to be positioned at the external diameter of first fuse of central portion, and D2 represents to be set at the external diameter of second fuse of the periphery of first fuse, and D3 represents to be set at the external diameter of the 3rd fuse of the periphery of second fuse.Here, the outer diameter D 1 of first fuse 1 is the length of line that connects the position of the refractive index equate with covering 4 in first fuse 1.And, the outer diameter D 2 of second fuse 2 is in the borderline region of second fuse 2 and the 3rd fuse 3, be connected to the length of line of position of 1/2 refringence of refractive index contrast Δ 2, the outer diameter D 3 of the 3rd fuse 3 is in the borderline region of the 3rd fuse 3 and covering 4, is connected to the length of line of position of 1/10 refringence of refractive index contrast Δ 3.And the outer diameter D 1 of first fuse is 2 to 5 μ m.And the refractive index profile shape of the 3rd fuse can be that notch cuttype or α power distribute, and it is also passable that the periphery of the 3rd fuse further has four-core, the 5th fuse etc.
Here Δ 1 expression first fuse is with respect to the refractive index contrast of covering, Δ 2 expressions the 2nd fuse is with respect to the refractive index contrast of covering, Δ 3 expressions the 3rd fuse is with respect to the refractive index contrast of covering, and Δ 1 to Δ 3 has with the relation of following formula (2) to formula (4).
Δ1＝{(n
c1-n
c)/n
c1}·100 (2)
Δ2＝{(n
c2-n
c)/n
c2}·100 (3)
Δ3＝{(n
c3-n
c)/n
c3}·100 (4)
And, in that (refractive index of first fuse of 0≤r≤D1/2) is made as n apart from r with decentering
2(r) time, represent the α of the refractive index profile shape of first fuse with formula (5) definition.
n
2(r)＝n
c1 2{1-2·Δ1
n·(2r/D1)
α}(5)
In formula (2) to formula (5), n
C1The largest refractive index of representing first fuse, n
C2The minimum refractive index of representing second fuse, n
C3The largest refractive index of representing the 3rd fuse.And the Δ 1 in formula (5) is a value of representing Δ 1 without number percent, has Δ 1
n={ (n
C1-n
c)/n
C1Relation.
In general, by first fuse that is arranged in central portion with at second fuse of the periphery setting of first fuse and the optical fiber that constitutes at the covering of the periphery setting of second fuse, if second fuse is increased to minus side with respect to the refractive index contrast Δ 2 (with reference to formula (3)) of covering, then can the absolute value of chromatic dispersion be diminished, simultaneously dispersion slope is diminished at wavelength 1550nm.But,, need be set at the periphery of second fuse, the 3rd fuse with refractive index higher than covering in order further to reduce dispersion slope.Below explanation can make the situation of dispersion slope reduction by having the 3rd fuse.
In optical fiber with the index distribution shown in Figure 1A, Δ 3 is changed, obtain the variation of dispersion slope, net sectional area Aeff and cutoff wavelength by simulation.And, in table 1, be illustrated in the structural parameters outside the Δ 3 of the optical fiber that uses in the simulation.
Table 1
The structural parameters of the optical fiber that in simulation, uses (1)
| Δ1 | Δ2 | D1/D2 | D2/D3 | α | |
| ％ | ％ | ||||
| Optical fiber A | 2.8 | -0.8 | 0.44 | 0.8 | 4 |
| Optical fiber B | 2.8 | -0.8 | 0.4 | 0.85 | 4 |
Fig. 2 is illustrated in wavelength 1550nm, have the refractive index contrast Δ 3 of optical fiber of structural parameters of table 1 and the relation of dispersion slope.As shown in Figure 2, if refractive index contrast Δ 3 becomes big, then dispersion slope reduces.But big if refractive index contrast Δ 3 becomes, then as shown in Figure 3, it is big that net sectional area Aeff becomes, and what obtain non-linearly becomes smaller.And as shown in Figure 4, cutoff wavelength is offset to long wavelength side.Therefore, need to adjust the fuse diameter of refractive index contrast Δ 3 and the 3rd fuse, make Aeff constant too much, and cutoff wavelength is no more than 1500nm.The below concrete adjustment of explanation.
Net sectional area Aeff
As mentioned above, be appreciated that in order to increase the nonlinear constant of optical fiber, need to increase nonlinear refractive index n according to formula (1)
2, perhaps reduce net sectional area Aeff.But, because n
2Be value, so be not easy to increase by the material decision.Therefore, reduce as far as possible optical fiber net sectional area Aeff value relatively reality.Therefore, in embodiment 1, the net sectional area Aeff of optical fiber is made as is less than or equal to 15 μ m
2, preferably be made as and be less than or equal to 12 μ m
2Thus, can obtain the nonlinear constant of wavelength 1550nm more than or equal to 25 * 10
-10/ W, and then have more than or equal to 40 * 10
-10The optical fiber of the bigger nonlinear constant of/W.
Refractive index contrast Δ 1 and Δ 2
In order to reduce Aeff, it is the most effective to increase refractive index contrast Δ 1.Therefore, in order to derive suitable refractive index contrast Δ 1, simulate.Table 2 is illustrated in the structural parameters except Δ 1 of the optical fiber that uses in the simulation.Δ 2, Δ 3 etc. calculate according to above-mentioned formula (2) to (5) as hereinbefore.And routine 2-2 and routine 2-3 do not have the 3rd fuse.
Table 2
The structural parameters of the optical fiber that uses in the simulation (2)
| Δ2 | Δ3 | D1/D3 | D2/D3 | α | |
| ％ | ％ | ||||
| Embodiment 2-1 | -1 | 0.40 | 0.55 | 0.82 | 4 |
| Embodiment 2-2 | -1 | Do not have | 0.55 | - | 4 |
| Embodiment 2-3 | -0.55 | Do not have | 0.5 | - | 3 |
Fig. 5 represents to have the refractive index contrast Δ 1 of optical fiber of structural parameters of table 2 and the relation of net sectional area Aeff.As shown in Figure 5, if increase refractive index contrast Δ 1, then net sectional area Aeff diminishes.And, if compare routine 2-1 and the routine 2-2 that except the no third fuse is arranged, has the same structure parameter, the 3rd fuse that then has the refractive index higher than covering by setting, Aeff has enlarged some as can be known.In addition, refractive index contrast Δ 1 does not reach 1.5%, and it is big that Aeff becomes, and it is smaller that non-linearity becomes.Therefore, in optical fiber, be less than or equal to 15 μ m in order to satisfy Aeff with the 3rd fuse
2Condition, refractive index contrast Δ 1 at least need be more than or equal to 1.5%.
On the other hand, if refractive index contrast Δ 1 increases, then cutoff wavelength is offset to long wavelength side.Therefore, if refractive index contrast Δ 1 surpasses 5.0%, then the concern that optical fiber is used for the cutoff wavelength of single-mode action becomes big, the productivity variation.And from making angle, it is very difficult above 5.0% fuse to make refractive index contrast Δ 1.And if refractive index contrast Δ 1 surpasses 5.0%, then the value of the dispersion slope of 1550nm becomes big, and when carrying out the light signal processing, near the different wave length the wavelength 1550nm, it is big that the change of chromatic dispersion becomes.Therefore, refractive index contrast Δ 1 preferably 1.5% to 5.0%.
And, if refractive index contrast Δ 2 increases to minus side, the absolute value in the chromatic dispersion of 1550nm is reduced, simultaneously dispersion slope is reduced, and cutoff wavelength is offset to short wavelength side.As mentioned above, if refractive index contrast Δ 1 is made as 1.5% to 5.0%, then be less than or equal at-0.1% o'clock at refractive index contrast Δ 2, the absolute value that can make dispersion slope is for being less than or equal to 0.03ps/nm
2/ km is less than or equal at-0.7% o'clock at refractive index contrast Δ 2, and the absolute value that can make dispersion slope is for being less than or equal to 0.01ps/nm
2/ km.And cutoff wavelength also can be made as and be less than or equal to 1500nm.On the other hand, for refractive index contrast Δ 2 for being less than or equal to-1.4%, for example need a large amount of fluorine that mixes, make the difficulty that becomes.Therefore, refractive index contrast Δ 2 is-1.4% to-0.1% better, for-1.4% to-0.7% better.
On the other hand, more than or equal to 2.4%, refractive index contrast Δ 2 is-1.4% to-0.7% o'clock at refractive index contrast Δ 1, shown in the routine 2-1 and routine 2-2 of Fig. 5, can make net sectional area Aeff for being less than or equal to 11 μ m
2, can obtain more than or equal to 40 * 10
-10The nonlinear constant n of/W
2/ Aeff value.And by the 3rd fuse that setting has the refractive index higher than covering, though Aeff has enlarged some, even like this, Aeff still is less than or equal to 12 μ m
2At this moment, can obtain more than or equal to 35 * 10
-10The nonlinear constant n of/W
2/ Aeff value.And, being less than or equal to 4.0% at refractive index contrast Δ 1, refractive index contrast Δ 2 is-1.4% to-0.7% o'clock, can obtain sufficiently high non-linear and low dispersion slope, thereby can realize that cutoff wavelength is less than or equal to the optical fiber of 1500nm.And by the 3rd fuse is set, the degree of freedom of index distribution broadens, so can improve qualification rate, obtains high productivity and stability.Therefore, preferably refractive index contrast Δ 1 is made as 2.4% to 4.0%, refractive index contrast Δ 2 is made as-1.4% to-0.7%.
Chromatic dispersion and dispersion slope
Non-linear dispersion-shifted fiber of the present invention is the non-linear dispersion-shifted fiber that can use in comprising the wide cut wavelength region may of 1550nm, and the absolute value of the chromatic dispersion in using wavelength must be little.Therefore, the non-linear dispersion-shifted fiber of embodiment 1 wishes to be less than or equal to 10ps/nm/km at the absolute value of the chromatic dispersion of wavelength 1550nm, preferably wishes to be less than or equal to 5ps/nm/km.
And, need be little in the difference of using the chromatic dispersion between the wavelength.Therefore, the non-linear dispersion-shifted fiber of embodiment 1 is less than or equal to 0.03ps/nm at the absolute value of the dispersion slope of wavelength 1550nm
2/ km preferably is less than or equal to 0.01ps/nm
2/ km.Thus, in the use wavelength region may of wide cut, use the difference of the chromatic dispersion between wavelength little, can carry out the light signal processing of various wavelength, can in the wavelength region may of wide cut, realize having utilized the good light signal Processing of nonlinear optical phenomena with an optical fiber.
The non-linear dispersion-shifted fiber of embodiment 1 when using, guarantees that also the difference of chromatic dispersion in the total length of optical fiber is little in the long size of the extremely several km of 1km.Its result is very effective when using in light signal processing devices such as the wavelength shifter of the non-linear phenomena of having utilized light and pulse shortener.Therefore, the maximal value of the optical fiber longitudinally chromatic dispersion of the non-linear dispersion-shifted fiber of embodiment 1 in any one wavelength of wavelength 1510nm to 1590nm and poor (amplitude of fluctuation) of minimum value are less than or equal to 1ps/nm/km, preferably are less than or equal to 0.2ps/nm/km.Like this, because the amplitude of fluctuation of chromatic dispersion is little, so very effective when in the light signal processing device of the wavelength shifter of the non-linear phenomena of having utilized light or pulse shortener etc., using.And the amplitude of fluctuation of aforesaid chromatic dispersion refers to use on the optical fiber total length of length in reality, utilizes the amplitude of fluctuation of the chromatic dispersion of chromatic dispersion distribution measurement device measurement.The distribution tests of CHROMATIC DISPERSION IN FIBER OPTICS can be measured by the chromatic dispersion distribution measurement device that for example utilizes the method for being studied by Mollenauer.
In fact in order to suppress the change of optical fiber chromatic dispersion longitudinally, require being of uniform thickness of fuse and covering in the stage of optical fiber base material.Specifically, for example synthesizing external member (suit) stage by OVD (Outside Vapor Deposition) method or VAD (Vapor Axial Deposition) method, need manage, so that the raw material of piling up becomes even, when the base material with this optical fiber is stretched as the external diameter of hope, require the difference of external diameter change to be less than or equal to 0.2% high precision stretching.And, when optical fiber base material carries out drawing optical fibers, also need management, so that the change of the external diameter of this optical fiber is less than or equal to 0.2%, be fixing diameter substantially.
Cutoff wavelength
In single-mode optical fiber, cutoff wavelength λ c need be littler than using wavelength.Therefore, wish that cutoff wavelength λ c is less than or equal to 1500nm, preferably is less than or equal to 1460nm.By making cutoff wavelength λ c be less than or equal to 1500nm, can use wide cut wavelength region may more than or equal to 1500nm, and, by making cutoff wavelength λ c be less than or equal to 1460nm, can be to comprising S frequency band (1460nm to 1530nm), C frequency band (1530nm to 1565nm), the wide wavelength region may of L frequency band (1565nm to 1625nm) is used.
Here, so-called cutoff wavelength λ c be meant ITU-T (international electrical communication associating) G.650 in the definition fiber cut off wavelength λ c.In addition, for the term that does not have special definition in this manual, according to definition and the measuring method of ITU-T in G.650.
The ratio D1/D2 of the external diameter of the external diameter of first fuse and second fuse
The ratio D1/D2 of the outer diameter D 1 by adjusting first fuse and the outer diameter D 2 of second fuse, it is little to obtain net sectional area Aeff, and cutoff wavelength λ c is also low, and the also little optical fiber of dispersion slope value.Utilize the simulation example that the variation of the value of the dispersion slope of adjusting the D1/D2 generation is described.
Table 3 is illustrated in the structural parameters except D1/D2 of the optical fiber that uses in the simulation.Δ 1, Δ 2 etc. calculate according to above-mentioned formula (2) to (5) with aforementioned identical.
Table 3
The structural parameters of the optical fiber that in simulation, uses (3)
| Δ1 | Δ2 | Δ3 | D2/D3 | α | |
| ％ | | ％ | |||
| Embodiment | |||||
| 3 | 3 | -1 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 5 |
The relation of the value of the dispersion slope the when chromatic dispersion that Fig. 6 represents to have the D1/D2 of optical fiber of structural parameters of table 3 and 1550nm is 0ps/nm/km, Fig. 7 represents to have the relation of D1/D2 and cutoff wavelength when the chromatic dispersion of wavelength 1550nm is 0ps/nm/km of optical fiber of the structural parameters of table 3.
As shown in Figure 6, if D1/D2 near 0 or 1, then dispersion slope becomes big as can be known.Therefore, in order to reduce dispersion slope, D1/D2 need be set near 0.5 between 0 and 1.And as shown in Figure 7, if D1/D2 is littler than 0.3, then cutoff wavelength sharply to the long wavelength side skew, surpasses 1500nm.On the other hand, if D1/D2 is bigger than 0.8, though then slow cutoff wavelength surpasses 1500nm.Therefore, suitable D1/D2 is more than or equal to 0.3 and is less than or equal to 0.8.
And, be made as more than or equal to 0.4 and be less than or equal to 0.7 by scope D1/D2, the absolute value of dispersion slope can be made as and be less than or equal to 0.01ps/nm
2/ km.Therefore, preferably be made as the scope of D1/D2 more than or equal to 0.4 and be less than or equal to 0.7.
The fuse outer diameter D 3 of refractive index contrast Δ 3 and the 3rd fuse
In order to make cutoff wavelength be no more than 1500nm, need to adjust the fuse outer diameter D 3 of refractive index contrast Δ 3 and the 3rd fuse.Therefore, in-1.4% to-0.1% scope, and the ratio D1/D2 of the outer diameter D 2 of the outer diameter D 1 of first fuse and second fuse is more than or equal to 0.3 and be less than or equal in 0.8 the scope these structural parameters are changed in 1.5% to 5.0% scope, refractive index contrast Δ 2 for the above-mentioned refractive index contrast Δ of obtaining 1.Under such condition, thereby make refractive index contrast Δ 3 change the scope that the cutoff wavelength of obtaining-10 to 10ps/nm/km chromatic dispersion by simulation becomes the D2/D3 that is less than or equal to 1500nm.Fig. 8 represents this analog result.
Fig. 8 is that refractive index contrast Δ 3 is 0.1% to 1.0% o'clock, reduces D2/D3 (promptly enlarging the fuse width of the 3rd fuse), the figure of the D2/D3 the when cutoff wavelength of drawing-10 to 10ps/nm/km chromatic dispersion surpasses 1500nm.Therefore, for each refractive index contrast Δ 3, in the scope of the line big (the fuse width of the 3rd fuse is narrow) that D2/D3 draws than Fig. 8, guarantee to be less than or equal to the cutoff wavelength of 1500nm.According to Fig. 8, the scope of D2/D3 as the formula (6)
D2/D3＞Δ3+0.25 (0.1％≤Δ3≤0.2％)
D2/D3＞(1/2)·Δ3+0.35 (0.2％≤Δ3≤0.6％) (6)
D2/D3＞(1/4)·Δ3+0.5 (0.6％≤Δ3≤1.0％)
The refractive index profile shape of first fuse
The refractive index profile shape of first fuse distributes for the α power.Dispersion slope can be reduced by increasing α, and Aeff can be reduced.Here, be in the situation of preferential position with the big this situation of example explanation α of simulation.
Table 4 expression be used for illustrating the big this situation of α be in preferential position, the structural parameters beyond the α of the optical fiber that simulation is used.Δ 1, Δ 2 etc. calculate according to above-mentioned formula (2) to (5) with aforementioned the same.
Table 4
The structural parameters of the optical fiber that in simulation, uses (4)
| Δ1 | Δ2 | Δ3 | D1/D2 | D2/D3 | |
| ％ | ％ | ％ | |||
| Optical fiber C | 2.6 | -0.8 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.8 |
| Optical fiber D | 3 | -1 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.7 |
Fig. 9 represents to have the α of first fuse of optical fiber of structural parameters of table 4 and the relation of dispersion slope, and Figure 10 represents to have the α of optical fiber of structural parameters of table 4 and the relation of Aeff.As shown in Figure 9, if the value of α is increased, then can reduce dispersion slope.Particularly, in optical fiber C, roughly can reduce 0.0095ps/nm in that α is increased at 3 o'clock from 2
2/ km roughly can reduce 0.012ps/nm in optical fiber D
2/ km.Like this, increase α is very effective to reducing dispersion slope.And, as shown in figure 10,, can reduce Aeff by increasing the value of α.Particularly, in optical fiber C and optical fiber D, roughly can reduce 10% Aeff in that α is increased at 3 o'clock from 2.
In order to increase the α of first fuse, by VAD method or MCVD (Modified ChemicalVapour Deposition) manufactured fuse base material the time, at first make the big fuse base material of α power distribution of its refractive index profile shape.Etching that perhaps can be by HF etc. or machinery is outer to be cut outer cutting is carried out on the surface of the fuse base material by these method manufacturings.When increasing α by these methods, the angle from making becomes more than or equal to 3 also than being easier to α.And, as shown in Figure 9, further increase by the value that makes α, become more than or equal to 6 and also can further reduce dispersion slope.And, if increase α as shown in figure 10, then can reduce Aeff.As shown in Figure 9, α be more than or equal to 6 zone in, though continue the tendency that reduces of dispersion slope, as shown in figure 10, the minimizing of Aeff becomes saturated state substantially.Therefore, preferably make α at least more than or equal to 6.
The embodiment of the non-linear dispersion-shifted fiber of embodiment 1
The value of the structural parameters of the embodiment 1 to embodiment 8 of table 5 expression embodiment 1 and each optical fiber of comparative example 1 and 2 and the characteristic value that obtains by simulation.In table 5, the meaning of MFD is mould zone (mode field) diameter.And in this simulation, refractive index and the pure silicon dioxide of establishing covering are basic identical.In all embodiment 1 to embodiment 8, be less than or equal to 10ps/nm/km at the absolute value of the chromatic dispersion of wavelength 1550nm, the absolute value of dispersion slope is less than or equal to 0.03ps/nm
2/ km.And, for easy comparison, establish embodiment 1 to 8 and comparative example 1 and 2 basic identical in the value of the chromatic dispersion of wavelength 1550nm.
Table 5
| Δ1 | Δ2 | Δ3 | D1/D2 | D2/D3 | α | Chromatic dispersion | Tilt | MFD | Aeff | End | n 2/Aeff | |
| ％ | ％ | ％ | ps/nm/km | ps/nm 2/km | μm | μm 2 | nm | 10 -10/W | ||||
| Measure wavelength | 1550nm | 1550nm | 1550nm | 1550nm | - | | ||||||
| Embodiment | ||||||||||||
| 1 | 3 | -1 | 0.3 | 0.375 | 0.8 | 3 | -1 | 0.0213 | 3.41 | 9.03 | 1209 | 60.9 |
| |
3 | -1 | 0.3 | 0.375 | 0.8 | 6 | -1 | 0.0093 | 3.29 | 8.56 | 1230 | 64.3 |
| |
3 | -1 | 0.5 | 0.375 | 0.8 | 3 | -1 | 0.0209 | 3.41 | 9.04 | 1429 | 60.8 |
| |
3 | -1 | 0.3 | 0.375 | 0.75 | 3 | -1 | 0.0211 | 3.41 | 9.04 | 1316 | 60.8 |
| |
3 | -1 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 3 | -1 | 0.0144 | 3.45 | 9.28 | 1249 | 59.3 |
| |
3 | -1 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 6 | -1 | 0.0013 | 3.35 | 8.88 | 1280 | 62 |
| Embodiment 7 | 3 | -1 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 6 | -1 | -0.0002 | 3.35 | 8.93 | 1291 | 61.6 |
| Δ1 | Δ2 | Δ3 | D1/D2 | D2/D3 | α | Chromatic dispersion | Tilt | MFD | Aeff | End | n
2/ | |
| Embodiment | ||||||||||||
| 8 | 3 | -1 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 4 | -1 | 0.005 | 3.41 | 9.15 | 1407 | 60.1 |
| Comparative example 1 | 3 | -1 | 0.375 | 3 | -1 | 0.0217 | 3.41 | 9.02 | 1208 | 61 | ||
| Comparative example 2 | 3 | -1 | 0.5 | 3 | -1 | 0.0161 | 3.44 | 9.22 | 1238 | 59.6 |
If comparing embodiment 1 and embodiment 2, the refractive index profile shape of first fuse of embodiment 1 distributes for the α power as can be known, and α is 3.On the other hand, α becomes 6 in embodiment 2.If the characteristic value of the optical fiber that obtains more separately, then embodiment 2 compares with embodiment 1, and the dispersion slope that is presented under the wavelength 1550nm is little, the value that net sectional area Aeff is also little.Relation for embodiment 5 and embodiment 6 also illustrates same result.Can draw with α from this viewpoint and to compare more than or equal to 3, preferably α is more than or equal to 6 enlightenment.
The refractive index contrast Δ 3 of the optical fiber of embodiment 1 is 0.3%, and in embodiment 3, refractive index contrast Δ 3 is 0.5%.If the characteristic value of the optical fiber that obtains more separately, then embodiment 3 compares with embodiment 1, and the absolute value that is presented at the dispersion slope under the wavelength 1550nm is little, but the big value of net sectional area Aeff.Though the relation of embodiment 6 and embodiment 7 too, but because D1/D2 big (promptly the distance of first fuse and the 3rd fuse is near), so compare with 3 relation with embodiment 1 as can be known, to the variation of the size of the refractive index contrast Δ 3 of the 3rd fuse, characteristic is more responsive.
And, the optical fiber of embodiment 1, the ratio D1/D2 of the outer diameter D 1 of first fuse 1 and the outer diameter D 2 of second fuse 2 is 0.375, D1/D2 becomes 0.5 in embodiment 5.If compare the characteristic value that obtains in two optical fiber, though then embodiment 5 is bigger than the net sectional area Aeff of embodiment 1, cutoff wavelength λ c is in long wavelength side, and the absolute value of the dispersion slope under wavelength 1550nm shows very little value.That is, from the viewpoint of dispersion slope can draw with D1/D2 more than or equal to 0.3 and be less than or equal to 0.8 and compare, D1/D2 is more than or equal to 0.4 and be less than or equal to 0.7 better enlightenment.
And comparative example 1 is the structure with the 3rd fuse portion among the embodiment 1, and comparative example 2 is the structures with the 3rd fuse portion among the embodiment 5.If compare the characteristic value that obtains in two optical fiber, then embodiment 1 compares with comparative example 1, shows that net sectional area Aeff is big, the value that the absolute value of the dispersion slope under wavelength 1550nm is little.And embodiment 5 compares with comparative example 2, shows that also net sectional area Aeff is big, the value that the absolute value of the dispersion slope under wavelength 1550nm is little.That is, from the viewpoint that reduces at dispersion slope, it is more effective to have the 3rd fuse as enforcement mode 1.And by having the 3rd fuse, it is big that the degree of freedom of index distribution becomes, so there is qualification rate to improve, obtains the advantage of high productivity and stability.
And table 6 shows the values of the structural parameters and the characteristic value thereof of the optical fiber when the refractive index contrast Δ 2 of the refractive index contrast Δ 1 of first fuse of the embodiment 9 to embodiment 18 of embodiment 1, second fuse got various structural parameters.Here, the characteristic value shown in the embodiment 9 to embodiment 16 is the result who obtains by simulation, and embodiment 17 and embodiment 18 are actual manufacturing optical fiber, estimates and the characteristic value that obtains.The characteristic value of the actual optical fiber of making obtains and the essentially identical result of simulation.All embodiment 9 to 18 are less than or equal to 10ps/nm/km at the absolute value of the chromatic dispersion of wavelength 1550nm, and the absolute value of dispersion slope is less than or equal to 0.03ps/nm
2/ km.And cutoff wavelength λ c is less than or equal to 1500nm, and net sectional area Aeff is less than or equal to 15 μ m
2
Table 6
| Δ1 | Δ2 | Δ3 | D1/D2 | D2/D3 | α | Chromatic dispersion | Tilt | MFD | Aeff | End | n 2/Aeff | |
| ％ | ％ | ％ | ps/nm/km | ps/nm 2/km | μm | μm 2 | nm | 10
-10/ | ||||
| Embodiment | ||||||||||||
| 9 | 1.5 | -0.7 | 0.2 | 0.33 | 0.9 | 6 | 0 | 0.0123 | 4.26 | 14.04 | 994 | 27 |
| |
2 | -0.3 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.85 | 4 | -3 | 0.018 | 4.24 | 13.79 | 1236 | 32 |
| |
2.5 | -0.5 | 0.4 | 0.625 | 0.8 | 5 | -2 | 0.012 | 3.87 | 11.73 | 1416 | 40.6 |
| |
2.8 | -1 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 5 | 0 | 0.0036 | 3.46 | 9.45 | 1258 | 52.9 |
| |
2.9 | -0.8 | 0.3 | 0.57 | 0.7 | 5 | 3.8 | 0.0149 | 3.6 | 10.28 | 1442 | 48.6 |
| |
3.4 | -0.9 | 0.4 | 0.375 | 0.8 | 5.5 | 1 | 0.0155 | 3.23 | 8.25 | 1336 | 72.7 |
| |
4 | -1.2 | 0.5 | 0.55 | 0.9 | 6 | -1 | 0.005 | 2.96 | 6.99 | 1347 | 93 |
| |
4.8 | -1.4 | 0.5 | 0.47 | 0.85 | 5.5 | -1 | 0.0046 | 2.77 | 6.12 | 1415 | 115 |
| Comparative example 17 | 2.89 | -1 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.67 | 7 | -3.9 | -0.0125 | 3.52 | 9.72 | 1388 | 49.6 |
| Comparative example 18 | 2.89 | -1 | 0.6 | 0.58 | 0.69 | 7 | -0.769 | -0.0058 | 3.56 | 9.9 | 1400 | 53.1 |
And, tested the change of chromatic dispersion longitudinally of the optical fiber shown in embodiment 17 and the embodiment 18.Its result, in embodiment 17, the maximal value of the chromatic dispersion longitudinally of the optical fiber of length 1km and the difference of minimum value are 0.8ps/nm/km at wavelength 1552nm.And in the optical fiber shown in the embodiment 18, the maximal value of the chromatic dispersion longitudinally of the optical fiber of length 1km and the difference of minimum value are 0.2ps/nm/km at wavelength 1554nm.It is prevailing situation that non-linear dispersion-shifted fiber of the present invention uses about length 400m～1km, and arbitrarily optical fiber in the difference of the maximal value of the chromatic dispersion longitudinally of using length and minimum value all in allowed limits.
Be used for light signal processing device by non-linear dispersion-shifted fiber, can in wide wavelength coverage, carry out the light signal of stable performance and handle embodiment 1.
Figure 11 represents the example of light signal processing device as the optical fiber that has utilized embodiment 1, and the wavelength of light signal is gathered the optical wavelength changer that is transformed to other wavelength.The optical wavelength changer of Figure 11 comprises: the polarized wave controller 13 that makes the polarized wave unanimity; Erbium doped optic fibre amplifier (EDFA) 14; Will be from the exciting light (wavelength X s) of light source and the coupling mechanism 15 of flashlight 12 combinations; And polariscope 16.The optical wavelength changer of following simple declaration Figure 11.
Be that zero wavelength is checked to the chromatic dispersion of the optical fiber 17 of embodiment 1, generating these chromatic dispersions from light source 11 is near zero the wavelength exciting light (wavelength X s) in advance, and make its with flashlight 12 (wavelength X p) coupling after, in the optical fiber 17 of importing embodiment 1.At this moment, produce the big non-linear phenomena that is called as the mixing of four light waves in this optical fiber 17, flashlight 12 is transformed to the wavelength X in the following formula (7).Thus, gather and carry out optical wavelength conversion.
λ＝(λp-λs)+λp (7)
Figure 12 has represented to utilize the example of pulse shortener of the optical fiber of embodiment 1.The pulse shortener of Figure 12 comprises: the light source 21 and 22 that wavelength is different respectively, polarized wave controller 23, coupling mechanism 24, polariscope 25, EDFA26, general single-mode optical fiber 28, the optical fiber 27 of embodiment 1.In the pulse shortener of Figure 13, the optical fiber 27 of embodiment 1 and general single-mode optical fiber 28 are connected alternately every specified length.
And, in Figure 11 and Figure 12, though, only represented optical wavelength changer and pulse shortener as the light signal processing device that has utilized the optical fiber of embodiment 1, but much less, in addition can also be in for example waveform shaper etc. the optical fiber of application implementation mode 1.
Utilize Figure 13～Figure 19 to the optical fiber of embodiments of the present invention 2 and utilized the optical wavelength changer of this optical fiber and the embodiment of pulse shortener to be elaborated.
Figure 13 A and Figure 13 B represent an example of the optical fiber of embodiment 2.Figure 13 A represents the index distribution of this optical fiber, and Figure 13 B represents the part of its xsect.And the line in covering 54 outsides is omitted.
Shown in Figure 13 A and Figure 13 B, this optical fiber comprises: be positioned at central part, have first fuse 51 of index distribution of the α power of following formula (8) expression; Be set at the outside of aforementioned first fuse 51, have second fuse 52 of the refractive index lower than aforementioned first fuse 51; Be set at the outside of aforementioned second fuse 52, have the covering 54 of the refractive index higher, have the index distribution of so-called W type than aforementioned second fuse 52.And, the refractive index height of the pure silicon dioxide that the refractive index ratio of covering 54 is represented with the dotted line among the figure.
Here, define the α of the shape of the index distribution of representing first fuse with following formula (8).
n
2(r)＝n
c1 2{1-2·(Δ1/100)·(2r/D1)
α}(8)
But, 0＜r＜D1/2
Here, r represents the position of the radial direction that begins from the center of optical fiber, the refractive index of n (r) expression position r.And, n
C1Be the largest refractive index of first fuse 51, D1 is the diameter of first fuse 51.
And, with following formula (9)～(11) expressions first fuse 51 with respect to refractive index contrast Δ the 1, the 2nd fuse 52 of aforementioned covering 54 with respect to the refractive index contrast Δ 2 of covering 54, covering refractive index contrast Δ C with respect to aforementioned pure silicon dioxide.
Δ1＝{(n
c1-n
c)/n
c1}·100 (9)
Δ2＝{(n
c2-n
c)/n
c2}·100 (10)
ΔC＝{(n
c-n
s)/n
c}·100 (11)
Here, aforementioned various in, n
C1Be the largest refractive index of first fuse 51, n
C2Be the minimum refractive index of second fuse 52, n
cBe the refractive index of covering 54, n
sIt is the refractive index of pure silicon dioxide.
And, in embodiment 2, the diameter D1 of aforementioned first fuse 51 is in first fuse 51, become the locational diameter of the refractive index that equates with covering 54, the diameter D2 of second fuse 52 is in the borderline region of second fuse 52 and covering 54, becomes the locational diameter of 1/2 refractive index of Δ 2.
In addition, Figure 14 A and Figure 14 B represent another example of the optical fiber of embodiment 2.The same with Figure 13 B with Figure 13 A, Figure 14 A represents the index distribution of this optical fiber, and Figure 14 B represents the part of its xsect.And the line in covering 54 outsides is omitted.
Shown in Figure 14 A, this optical fiber comprises: be positioned at central part, have first fuse 51 of index distribution of the α power of aforementioned formula (8) expression; Be set at the outside of aforementioned first fuse 51, have second fuse 52 of the refractive index lower than aforementioned first fuse 51; Be set at the outside of aforementioned second fuse 52, have the 3rd fuse 53 of the refractive index lower and higher than aforementioned second fuse 52 than aforementioned first fuse 51; Be set at the outside of aforementioned the 3rd fuse 53, have the covering 54 of the refractive index lower and higher, have the index distribution of so-called W type than aforementioned second fuse 52 than aforementioned the 3rd fuse 53.And, the refractive index height of the pure silicon dioxide that the refractive index ratio of aforementioned covering 54 is represented with the dotted line among the figure.
And, with the refractive index contrast Δ 3 of following formula (12) expression the 3rd fuse 53 with respect to aforementioned covering 54, and, represent the α of shape of the index distribution of first fuse, first fuse 51 is identical with aforementioned formula (9)～(11) with respect to the refractive index contrast Δ C of aforementioned pure silicon dioxide with respect to refractive index contrast Δ 2, the covering of covering 54 with respect to refractive index contrast Δ the 1, the 2nd fuse 52 of aforementioned covering 54.
Δ3＝{(n
c3-n
c)/n
c3}·100 (12)
Here, aforementioned various in, n
C3It is the largest refractive index of the 3rd fuse 53.
And in present embodiment 2, the diameter D3 of the 3rd fuse 53 is in the borderline region of the 3rd fuse 53 and covering 54, becomes the locational diameter of 1/10 refractive index of Δ 3.The diameter D2 of the diameter D1 of first fuse 51, second fuse 52 is identical with aforesaid definition.
The optical fiber of embodiment 2 can make covering increase to minus side easily with respect to the refractive index contrast of second fuse by using the technology to clad doped germanium, and the optical fiber that has high non-linearity and low chromatic dispersion simultaneously can easily be provided.
Can for example carry out in OVD (outsidevapour deposition) operation etc. at optical fiber with supporting base material manufacturing process to clad doped germanium,, can adjust the refractive indices C of covering with respect to pure silicon dioxide by adjusting its doping.
For example, to the second fuse doped with fluorine, make that second fuse is-0.7% with respect to the refractive index contrast of pure silicon dioxide, to clad doped germanium, make that covering is with respect to the refractive index contrast Δ C of pure silicon dioxide at 0.5% o'clock, if establishing the refractive index of pure silicon dioxide is S, then the refractive index of covering is 1.005S, and the refractive index of second fuse is 0.993S.Here, if the refractive index of covering is made as S
c, then the refractive indices 2 of the covering and second fuse is Δ 2=(0.993S-S
c)/S
c100=-1.194%.Like this, by using technology, can easily increase the refringence of second fuse with respect to covering to clad doped germanium.
Below, to as the good characteristic of optical fiber of the present invention and the structural parameters that are used to obtain the index distribution of this characteristic be described in detail.
Net sectional area Aeff
As previously mentioned, in order to increase the nonlinear constant of optical fiber, it is very effective to reduce Aeff.In embodiment 2, make the Aeff of wavelength 1550nm be less than or equal to 15 μ m
2, preferably be less than or equal to 12 μ m
2By reducing Aeff like this, can obtain having under wavelength 1550nm more than or equal to 25 * 10
-10/ W, more preferably greater than or equal 40 * 10
-10The optical fiber of the big nonlinear constant of/W.
Refractive index contrast Δ 1 and Δ 2
In order to reduce Aeff, it is the most effective to increase refractive index contrast Δ 1.Therefore, in order to derive suitable refractive index contrast Δ 1, simulate.Table 6 is illustrated in the structural parameters except Δ 1 of the optical fiber that uses in the simulation.
Δ, the definition of α etc. calculate according to above-mentioned formula (8)～(12) as hereinbefore.And routine 1-1 is the W line segment type index distribution shown in Figure 14 A, and routine 1-2 and routine 1-3 are the W type index distribution shown in Figure 13 A.
Table 7
| Δ2 | Δ3 | ΔC | D1/D3 | D2/D3 | α | |
| ％ | ％ | ％ | ||||
| Embodiment 1-1 | -1.2 | 0.20 | 0.2 | 0.55 | 0.95 | 4 |
| Embodiment 1-2 | -1.2 | - | 0.2 | 0.35 | - | 3 |
| Embodiment 1-3 | -0.75 | - | 0.2 | 0.5 | - | 3 |
In Figure 15, expression has the example of the relation of the refractive index contrast Δ 1 of optical fiber of structural parameters of table 7 and Aeff.As shown in figure 15, if refractive index contrast Δ 1 becomes big, then Aeff diminishes.Be less than or equal to 15 μ m in order to satisfy Aeff
2Condition, as shown in figure 15, refractive index contrast Δ 1 need be more than or equal to 1.0%.
And if refractive index contrast Δ 1 increases, then cutoff wavelength is offset to long wavelength side, if Δ 1 surpasses 5.0%, then is difficult to become single-mode optical fiber.And if Δ 1 surpasses 5.0%, then the dispersion slope of wavelength 1550nm becomes big, and when carrying out the light signal processing, the difference of the dispersion values between wavelength becomes big.And, make refractive index contrast Δ 1 and surpass 5.0% fuse, see also very difficulty from making angle.Therefore, preferably refractive index contrast Δ 1 more than or equal to 1.0% and be less than or equal to 5.0%.
And if refractive index contrast Δ 2 is increased to minus side, then the absolute value of the chromatic dispersion of 1550nm can reduce, and the absolute value of dispersion slope also can reduce simultaneously, and, cutoff wavelength is offset to short wavelength side.As mentioned above, making the refractive index contrast Δ more than or equal to 1.0% and be less than or equal under 5.0% the situation,, then can make the absolute value of dispersion slope be less than or equal to 0.03ps/nm if make refractive index contrast Δ 2 be less than or equal to-0.2%
2/ km, cutoff wavelength also can be less than or equal to 1500nm simultaneously.On the other hand, if make refractive index contrast Δ 2 be less than or equal to-2.4%, then need perhaps to clad doped a large amount of germanium, to make the very difficulty that becomes to a large amount of fluorine of second fuse doping.Therefore, preferably make refractive index contrast Δ 2 more than or equal to-2.4% and be less than or equal to-0.2%.
On the other hand, more than or equal to 2.0%, refractive index contrast Δ 2 is more than or equal to-2.0% and be less than or equal under-0.6% the situation at refractive index contrast Δ 1, as shown in figure 15, can make Aeff be less than or equal to 12 μ m
2, make nonlinear constant more than or equal to 40 * 10
-10/ W.And the 3rd fuse that has the refractive index higher than covering by setting is though that Aeff becomes is big, shown in the routine 1-1 of Figure 15, even such Aeff also is less than or equal to 12 μ m
2At this moment, can obtain more than or equal to 35 * 10
-10The nonlinear constant n of/W
2/ Aeff value.And more than or equal to 2.0% and be less than or equal to 4.0%, refractive index contrast Δ 2 is more than or equal to-2.0% and be less than or equal under-0.6% the situation at refractive index contrast Δ 1, can make the absolute value of dispersion slope be less than or equal to 0.01ps/nm
2/ km can obtain the sufficiently high non-linear and little dispersion slope of absolute value, and then can realize that cutoff wavelength is less than or equal to the optical fiber of 1500nm.Therefore, preferably make refractive index contrast Δ 1 more than or equal to 2.4% and be less than or equal to 4.0%, refractive index contrast Δ 2 is more than or equal to-2.0% and be less than or equal to-0.6%.
Chromatic dispersion and dispersion slope
The optical fiber of embodiment 2 is the optical fiber that can be applied in the wide cut wavelength region may that comprises 1550nm, and the absolute value of the chromatic dispersion of use wavelength must be little.Therefore, optical fiber of the present invention wishes to be less than or equal to 10ps/nm/km at the absolute value of the dispersion values of wavelength 1550nm, and then wishes to be less than or equal to 5ps/nm/km.
And the optical fiber of embodiment 2 need use the difference of the chromatic dispersion between the wavelength of wavelength little.Therefore, optical fiber of the present invention is less than or equal to 0.03ps/nm at the absolute value of the dispersion slope of 1550nm
2/ km preferably is less than or equal to 0.01ps/nm
2/ km.
Thus, can be provided near the wide cut of wavelength 1550nm and use in the wavelength region may, the difference of the chromatic dispersion between wavelength is little, and the little optical fiber of the absolute value of chromatic dispersion.If use the optical fiber of embodiment 2, then can in the wide cut wavelength region may, realize having utilized the good light signal of non-linear phenomena to handle.
The optical fiber of embodiment 2 when using, can guarantee in the total length of optical fiber that also the difference of chromatic dispersion is little under the length of 1km～number km.The optical fiber of embodiment 2 is less than or equal to 1ps/nm/km in the amplitude of fluctuation of the longitudinal chromatic aberration of the optical fiber of any wavelength of wavelength 1510nm～1590nm, preferably is less than or equal to 0.2ps/mn/km.Like this, because the difference of the maximal value of chromatic dispersion longitudinally and minimum value is little, can constitute light signal processing devices such as the wavelength shifter that utilized high-quality non-linear phenomena and pulse shortener.
And the amplitude of fluctuation of aforesaid chromatic dispersion refers in the total length of an optical fiber that constitutes light signal processing device, the amplitude of fluctuation of the dispersion values of being measured by the chromatic dispersion distribution measurement device (maximal value of chromatic dispersion and minimum value poor).The measurement that CHROMATIC DISPERSION IN FIBER OPTICS distributes for example can be measured by the dispersion profile tester that utilizes the method for being studied by Mollenauer.
In fact in order to suppress the change of optical fiber chromatic dispersion longitudinally, require being of uniform thickness of fuse and covering in the stage of optical fiber base material.Specifically, for example need the accumulation condition in synthetic be managed in stage by OVD method or VAD method synthetic fibre-optical base material, so that the thickness of fuse and covering is even, when the base material with this optical fiber is stretched as the external diameter of hope, requires to carry out the external diameter change and stretch with interior high precision ± 0.2% with respect to mean outside diameter.And, during with drawing optical fibers, also needing management from optical fiber base material so that the external diameter basic fixed of this optical fiber (for example, the external diameter change average optical fiber external diameter ± 0.2% in).
Cutoff wavelength
In single-mode optical fiber, cutoff wavelength λ c need be littler than using wavelength.Therefore, wish that cutoff wavelength λ c is less than or equal to 1500nm, preferably is less than or equal to 1200nm.By making cutoff wavelength λ c be less than or equal to 1500nm, can in more than or equal to the wide cut wavelength region may of 1500nm, guarantee single-mode work.And, be less than or equal to 1200nm by making cutoff wavelength λ c, can in more than or equal to the wavelength region may of 1200nm, guarantee single-mode work, can in the wide cut wavelength region may that has also comprised 1.3 μ m, use.
The refractive index contrast Δ C of the ratio D1/D2 of the external diameter of the external diameter of first fuse and second fuse and covering
The ratio D1/D2 of the outer diameter D 1 by adjusting first fuse and the external diameter of second fuse, it is little to obtain net sectional area Aeff, and cutoff wavelength λ c is also little, and the also little optical fiber of the absolute value of dispersion slope.
Here, the variation of the value of the dispersion slope that produces of the ratio D1/D2 of the external diameter of the outer diameter D of utilizing the simulation example to illustrate to adjust first fuse 1 and second fuse.
Table 8 is illustrated in the structural parameters except D1/D2 of the optical fiber that uses in the simulation.Index distribution all is made as the W type index distribution shown in Figure 14 A.As shown in table 8, use same plug (rod), by being changed, Δ C makes characteristic variations.Δ, α etc. calculate according to above-mentioned formula (8) to (12) with aforementioned identical.
Table 8
The structural parameters of the optical fiber that in simulation, uses (3)
| Δ1 | Δ2 | ΔC | α | |
| ％ | ％ | ％ | ||
| Embodiment 2-1 | 3.0 | -0.7 | 0.0 | 4 |
| Embodiment 2-2 | 2.590 | -1.096 | 0.4 | 4 |
| Embodiment 2-3 | 2.284 | -1.390 | 0.7 | 4 |
Figure 16 represents to have the relation of the value of the D1/D2 of optical fiber of structural parameters of table 8 and the dispersion slope when the chromatic dispersion of 1550nm is 0ps/nm/km.As shown in figure 16, optical fiber example 2-1, routine 2-2, routine 2-3 are identical, as can be known along with the ratio of D1/D2 near 0.1 or near 1, dispersion slope becomes big to positive dirction.Therefore, in order to reduce dispersion slope, D1/D2 need be set near 0.5.And, Δ C is increased, can reduce dispersion slope more.Particularly be less than or equal at 0.8 o'clock at D1/D2 and can reduce dispersion slope significantly, for example the ratio at D1/D2 is 0.8 o'clock, compares with routine 2-1, and dispersion slope can reduce 0.007ps/nm in routine 2-2
2/ km compares with routine 2-1, can reduce 0.014ps/nm in routine 2-3
2/ km.Relative therewith, be 0.9 o'clock at the ratio of D1/D2, with routine 2-1 relatively, dispersion slope can only reduce 0.003ps/nm in routine 2-2
2/ km compares with routine 2-1, can only reduce 0.005ps/nm in routine 2-3
2/ km.
And, if pay close attention to the routine 2-2 of Figure 16,, make Δ C=0.4% then by to clad doped germanium, be set in the scope of D1/D2 more than or equal to 0.4 and be less than or equal to 0.7, can make the absolute value of dispersion slope be less than or equal to 0.015ps/nm
2/ km.Therefore, the ratio D1/D2 of the external diameter of the external diameter of first fuse and second fuse more preferably greater than or equal 0.01 and be less than or equal to 0.8, be more preferably more than or equal to 0.4 and be less than or equal to 0.7.
And Figure 17 represents to have D1/D2 and when the chromatic dispersion of wavelength 1550nm is 0ps/nm/km and relation Aeff of optical fiber of the structural parameters of table 8.
As shown in figure 17, if the ratio of D1/D2 near 0.1, then Aeff dwindles.And the ratio of D1/D2 is more near 1, the rapid more expansion of Aeff, and Δ 2 increases to minus side more, and its expansion is remarkable more.Therefore, D1/D2 is more than or equal to 0.1 and be less than or equal to 0.8 better, is more preferably more than or equal to 0.4 and is less than or equal to 0.7.
The fuse outer diameter D 3 of refractive index contrast Δ 3 and the 3rd fuse
By getting the W line segment type index distribution shown in Figure 14 A, can further reduce dispersion slope.
At this moment, the ratio D2/D3 of the outer diameter D 3 of the outer diameter D 2 of aforementioned second fuse and aforementioned the 3rd fuse more preferably greater than or equal 0.35 and be less than or equal to 0.99.And, in order to increase the refractive index contrast Δ 3 of the 3rd fuse with respect to pure silicon dioxide, though need be to a large amount of germanium of the 3rd fuse doping, but for doped germanium stably, need hi-tech, if, wish that Δ 3 is more than or equal to 0.1% and be less than or equal to 0.9% so consider manufacturing.
The refractive index profile shape of first fuse
The refractive index profile shape of first fuse distributes for the α power, can reduce dispersion slope by increasing α, and can reduce Aeff.Therefore, the refractive index profile shape of first fuse distributes for the α power, and α wishes preferably that more than or equal to 3 α is more than or equal to 6.Here, α calculates according to aforementioned formula (8).
Here, be in the situation of preferential position with the big this situation of example explanation α of the simulation of the optical fiber manufacturing of embodiment 2.
Figure 18 represents to have the α of the optical fiber of the Fabrication parameter of demonstration in the table 9 and the relation of dispersion slope, and Figure 19 represents the relation of α and Aeff.In table 9, Δ 3 is that the 3rd fuse is poor with respect to the maximum relative refractive index of covering, and Δ C is the refractive index contrast of covering with respect to pure silicon dioxide.
Table 9
| Δ1 | Δ2 | Δ3 | ΔC | D1/D2 | D2/D3 | |
| ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ | |||
| Embodiment 3-1 | 2.7 | -1.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.7 |
| Embodiment 3-2 | 2.3 | -0.95 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.8 |
As shown in figure 18, if the value of α is increased, then can reduce dispersion slope.Particularly, in routine 3-1, roughly can reduce 0.0092ps/nm in that α is increased at 3 o'clock from 2
2/ km roughly can reduce 0.008ps/nm in routine 3-2
2/ km.Like this, increase α is very effective to reducing dispersion slope.
And, as shown in figure 19,, can reduce Aeff by increasing the value of α.Particularly, in routine 3-1 and routine 3-2, roughly can reduce 5% Aeff by α is increased to 3 from 2.
In order to increase the α of first fuse, by VAD method or MCVD manufactured fuse base material the time, at first make the big fuse base material of α, etching that perhaps can be by HF etc. or machinery is outer to be cut outer cutting is carried out on the surface with the fuse base material of these method manufacturings, only uses the big part of α at fuse center.
When stating method in the use, the angle from making becomes more than or equal to 3 also than being easier to α.
The structural parameters of each optical fiber shown in expression comparative example 1 and the embodiment 1～embodiment 10 in embodiment 2 and the characteristic value that obtains by simulation in table 10.And each characteristic value is the value of the chromatic dispersion with wavelength 1550nm when being made as 0ps/nm/km, and the meaning of MFD is a mould district diameter.And index distribution is made as the W type index distribution shown in Figure 14 A.
Table 10
| Δ1 | Δ2 | ΔC | D1/D2 | α | D1 | Chromatic dispersion | Tilt | MFD | Aeff | End | γ | n 2/Aeff | |
| ％ | ％ | ％ | μm | ps/nm/km | ps/nm 2/km | μm | μm 2 | nm | /W/ |
10 -10/W | |||
| Comparative example 1 | 3.5 | -1.0 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 4 | 3.70 | 0 | 0.0188 | 3.21 | 8.09 | 1318 | 30.5 | 74.2 |
| |
3.4 | -1.1 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 4 | 3.68 | 0 | 0.0169 | 3.21 | 8.08 | 1279 | 30.6 | 74.3 |
| |
3.29 | -1.2 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 4 | 3.64 | 0 | 0.0148 | 3.20 | 8.06 | 1242 | 30.6 | 74.4 |
| |
3.19 | -1.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 4 | 3.62 | 0 | 0.0126 | 3.20 | 8.05 | 1206 | 30.7 | 74.5 |
| |
3.09 | -1.39 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 4 | 3.59 | 0 | 0.0103 | 3.20 | 8.04 | 1172 | 30.7 | 74.6 |
| |
2.99 | -1.49 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 4 | 3.56 | 0 | 0.0078 | 3.20 | 8.03 | 1138 | 30.7 | 74.7 |
| |
2.88 | -1.59 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 4 | 3.54 | 0 | 0.0032 | 3.20 | 8.03 | 1106 | 30.7 | 74.7 |
| Embodiment 7 | 2.78 | -1.69 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 4 | 3.52 | 0 | 0.0023 | 3.20 | 8.03 | 1074 | 30.7 | 74.7 |
| |
2.68 | -1.79 | 0.8 | 0.4 | 4 | 3.50 | 0 | -0.0008 | 3.20 | 8.03 | 1044 | 30.7 | 74.7 |
| |
2.58 | -1.88 | 0.9 | 0.4 | 4 | 3.48 | 0 | -0.0043 | 3.20 | 8.03 | 1014 | 30.7 | 74.7 |
| |
2.48 | -1.98 | 1.0 | 0.4 | 4 | 3.46 | 0 | -0.0083 | 3.20 | 8.03 | 986 | 30.7 | 74.8 |
The absolute value of the dispersion slope of any one of the optical fiber of embodiment 1～embodiment 10 all is less than or equal to 0.03ps/nm
2/ km, cutoff wavelength λ c is less than or equal to 1500nm, and Aeff is less than or equal to 12 μ m
2
And as shown in figure 10, the refractive index contrast Δ C with respect to pure silicon dioxide increases along with covering, and the absolute value dullness of dispersion slope is reduced to and is less than or equal to 0.01ps/nm
2/ km, cutoff wavelength λ c also is offset to short wavelength side monotonously.And Aeff also diminishes slightly.
Therefore, about the index distribution of embodiment 1～embodiment 10, in order to obtain at optical fiber good aspect the non-linearity, it is very effective for the refractive index contrast Δ C of pure silicon dioxide to increase covering.But, because be difficult to a large amount of germanium that mixes equably, thus Δ C more preferably greater than or equal 1.0% and be less than or equal to 1.0%.And the outer diameter D 1 of first fuse can obtain good characteristic when being 2～5 μ m.
Table 11
| Δ1 | Δ2 | ΔC | D1/D2 | α | Chromatic dispersion | Tilt | MFD | Aeff | End | γ | n 2/Aeff | |
| ％ | ％ | ％ | ps/nm/km | ps/nm 2/km | μm | μm 2 | nm | /W/ |
10 -10/W | |||
| Comparative example 2 | 3.0 | -0.7 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 4 | 0 | 0.0122 | 3.45 | 9.39 | 1345 | 23.7 | 58.3 |
| |
2.79 | -0.9 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 4 | 0 | 0.0065 | 3.46 | 9.46 | 1267 | 23.5 | 58.1 |
| |
2.59 | -1.1 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 4 | 0 | 0.0000 | 3.47 | 9.55 | 1197 | 23.3 | 57.6 |
| |
2.39 | -1.29 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 4 | 0 | -0.0075 | 3.49 | 9.66 | 1132 | 23.1 | 56.9 |
| |
2.18 | -1.49 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 4 | 0 | -0.0168 | 3.52 | 9.81 | 1072 | 22.7 | 56.1 |
| |
1.98 | -1.68 | 1.0 | 0.5 | 4 | 0 | -0.0289 | 3.55 | 10.0 | 1016 | 22.3 | 55 |
Table 12
| Δ1 | Δ2 | ΔC | D1/D2 | α | D1 | Chromatic dispersion | Tilt | MFD | Aeff | End | γ | n 2/Aeff | |
| ％ | ％ | ％ | μm | ps/nm/ km | ps/nm 2/ km | μm | μm 2 | nm | /W/ |
10 -10/W | |||
| Comparative example 3 | 2.5 | -1.0 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 4 | 3.88 | 0 | 0.0137 | 3.56 | 9.87 | 1143 | 17.6 | 47.6 |
| |
2.4 | -1.1 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 4 | 3.86 | 0 | 0.0108 | 3.56 | 9.87 | 1104 | 17.6 | 47.6 |
| |
2.19 | -1.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 4 | 3.81 | 0 | 0.0041 | 3.56 | 9.90 | 1030 | 17.6 | 47.5 |
| Embodiment 18 | 1.99 | -1.49 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 4 | 3.77 | 0 | -0.0052 | 3.57 | 9.95 | 962 | 17.5 | 47.2 |
| Embodiment 19 | 1.79 | -1.69 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 4 | 3.74 | 0 | -0.0211 | 3.58 | 10.05 | 900 | 17.3 | 46.8 |
The absolute value of the dispersion slope of any one among embodiment 11～embodiment 15, the embodiment 16～embodiment 19 all is less than or equal to 0.03ps/nm
2/ km, cutoff wavelength λ c is less than or equal to 1500nm, and Aeff is less than or equal to 12 μ m
2
And shown in table 11, table 12, along with covering increases with respect to the refractive index contrast Δ C of pure silicon dioxide, dispersion slope once reduces monotonously, and the absolute value of dispersion slope becomes and is less than or equal to 0.01ps/nm
2/ km.But like that, if make Δ C excessive, then dispersion slope becomes and increases to minus side shown in embodiment 14, embodiment 15, embodiment 19, and the absolute value of dispersion slope becomes once more more than or equal to 0.01ps/nm
2/ km.And along with Δ C increases, cutoff wavelength λ c is monotonously to the short wavelength side skew, and it is big that Aeff becomes.
Therefore, optical fiber for embodiment 11～embodiment 15, embodiment 16～embodiment 19, in Δ C is less than or equal to 0.06% scope, covering is increased, for the reduction of dispersion slope with make cutoff wavelength very effective to the short wavelength side skew with respect to the refractive index contrast Δ C of pure silicon dioxide.
The structural parameters and the characteristic value thereof of each optical fiber of table 13 expression embodiments of the invention 20～embodiment 22 and comparative example 4, table 14 expression embodiments of the invention 23～embodiment 24 and comparative example 5.Identical with table 10, embodiment 20～embodiment 22, embodiment 23～embodiment 24 are that each uses identical fuse, only make the example of covering with respect to the refractive index contrast Δ C variation of pure silicon dioxide.Comparative example the 4, the 5th, making covering is zero with respect to the refractive index contrast Δ C of pure silicon dioxide, is about to the example that covering is made as pure silicon dioxide.And for easy comparison, the chromatic dispersion of establishing wavelength 1550nm is 0ps/nm/km.And index distribution is the W line segment type index distribution shown in Figure 15 A.
Table 13
| Δ1 | Δ2 | Δ3 | ΔC | D1/D2 | D2/D3 | α | Chromatic dispersion | Tilt | MFD | Aeff | End | γ | n 2/A eff | |
| ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ | ps/nm/ km | ps/nm 2/ km | μm | μm 2 | nm | /W/ |
10 -10 /W | ||||
| Comparative example 4 | 2.8 | -0.55 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 5 | 0 | 0.0145 | 3.63 | 10.35 | 1382 | 19.6 | 48.3 |
| |
2.59 | -0.75 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 5 | 0 | 0.0084 | 3.65 | 10.45 | 1286 | 19.4 | 47.9 |
| |
2.39 | -0.95 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 5 | 0 | 0.0013 | 3.67 | 10.58 | 1205 | 19.1 | 47.3 |
| |
2.19 | -1.14 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 5 | 0 | -0.0044 | 3.73 | 10.96 | 1150 | 18.5 | 45.6 |
Table 14
| Δ1 | Δ2 | Δ3 | ΔC | D1/D2 | D2/D3 | α | Chromatic dispersion | Tilt | MFD | Aeff | End | γ | n 2/A eff | |
| ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ | ps/nm/ km | ps/nm 2/ km | μm | μm 2 | nm | /W/ |
10 -10 /W | ||||
| Comparative example 5 | 3.2 | -1 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.38 | 0.78 | 6 | 0 | 0.0103 | 3.24 | 8.33 | 1446 | 28.7 | 67.2 |
| |
2.99 | -1.2 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.38 | 0.78 | 6 | 0 | 0.0059 | 3.24 | 8.33 | 1342 | 28.7 | 67.2 |
| |
2.79 | -1.39 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.38 | 0.78 | 6 | 0 | 0.0008 | 3.24 | 8.34 | 1267 | 28.7 | 67.1 |
Here the change of the dispersion slope that produces owing to increase Δ C, cutoff wavelength λ c, Aeff is identical with the situation with the W type index distribution shown in table 11, the table 12, Δ c is less than or equal to 0.6% scope, to the reduction of dispersion slope with cutoff wavelength is produced effect to the short wavelength side skew.
Here, shown in table 13, table 14, be provided with under the situation of the 3rd fuse, though cutoff wavelength is offset to long wavelength's direction easily, but by to clad doped germanium, covering is increased with respect to the refractive index contrast Δ C of pure silicon dioxide, cutoff wavelength is offset to short wavelength side.Like this, though in cutoff wavelength easily in the index distribution of long wavelength side skew, by utilizing technology, cutoff wavelength is offset to short wavelength side to clad doped germanium, very effective.
Utilize aforesaid Simulation result, the actual manufacturing of carrying out optical fiber.Table 15 and table 16 ecbatic.And, the structural parameters and the characteristic value thereof of each optical fiber of expression embodiment 26 and comparative example 7 in expression embodiment 25 of embodiment 2 and comparative example 6, the table 16 in table 15.These comparative examples are that each all uses identical fuse with embodiment, only make the quantitative changeization to clad doped germanium, make the example of covering with respect to the refractive index contrast Δ C variation of pure silicon dioxide.And embodiment 25, embodiment 26 germanium that mixed makes that refractive index contrast Δ C is 0.6%.Here, comparative example 6 and embodiment 25, comparative example 7 and embodiment 26 make chromatic dispersion for easy comparison basic identically.
Table 15
| Δ1 | Δ2 | ΔC | D1/D2 | α | D1 | Chromatic dispersion | Tilt | MFD | Aeff | End | γ | n 2/Aeff | |
| ％ | ％ | ％ | μm | ps/nm/km | ps/nm 2/km | μm | μm 2 | nm | /W/ |
10 -10/ W | |||
| Comparative example 6 | 2.9 | -1.0 | 0.0 | 0.25 | 4.7 | 3.78 | 2.00 | 0.0200 | 3.33 | 9.38 | 1249 | 20.9 | 56.5 |
| |
2.29 | -1.59 | 0.6 | 0.25 | 4.7 | 3.77 | 1.94 | 0.0110 | 3.43 | 3.35 | 1053 | 21.0 | 56.8 |
Table 16
| Δ1 | Δ2 | ΔC | D1/D2 | α | D1 | Chromatic dispersion | Tilt | MFD | Aeff | End | γ | n 2/Aeff | |
| ％ | ％ | ％ | μm | ps/nm/km | ps/nm 2/km | μm | μm 2 | nm | /W/ |
10 -10/ W | |||
| Comparative example 7 | 2.9 | -1.0 | 0.0 | 0.25 | 4.7 | 3.60 | -2.11 | 0.0140 | 3.40 | 8.09 | 1183 | 21.8 | 59.0 |
| |
2.29 | -1.59 | 0.6 | 0.25 | 4.7 | 3.59 | -2.11 | 0.0058 | 3.37 | 9.08 | 982 | 21.9 | 59.3 |
The absolute value that each of embodiment 25 and embodiment 26 all satisfies in the chromatic dispersion of wavelength 1550nm is less than or equal to 20ps/nm/km, is less than or equal to 15 μ m at the net sectional area Aeff of wavelength 1550nm
2, the nonlinear constant of wavelength 1550nm is more than or equal to 25 * 10
-10/ W obtains and the essentially identical characteristic of result that obtains by simulation.
Here, if comparative example 6 and embodiment 25 are compared, then the dispersion slope of embodiment 25 has reduced 0.009ps/nm
2/ km, cutoff wavelength is also about short wavelength side has been offset less than 200nm.And because D1/D2=0.25, the second core area field width is so the Aeff of embodiment 25 also frequently; Example 6 is a little bit smaller slightly, result, the nonlinear constant n of embodiment 25
2/ Aeff is bigger.Even comparative example 6 and embodiment 26 are compared, also can find identical tendency, can think that the increase covering is very effective with respect to the refractive index contrast Δ C of pure silicon dioxide.
Be used for light signal processing device by non-linear dispersion-shifted fiber, can realize in wide wavelength coverage that the light signal of stable performance is handled embodiment 2.
For example, the optical fiber of embodiment 2 can be used in optical wavelength changer shown in Figure 11 and pulse shortener shown in Figure 12.In addition, can also be in for example waveform shaper etc. the optical fiber of application implementation mode 2.
Those skilled in the art can easily derive further effect and embodiment.Embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the specific embodiment of above explanation.Therefore, in the scope of the inventive concept that does not exceed claim and equivalent thereof, can carry out various changes.
Claims (22)
1. optical fiber comprises:
Be positioned at first fuse of central part;
Be set at this first fuse periphery, second fuse with refractive index lower than the refractive index of described first fuse; And
Be set at the periphery of this second fuse, have the covering of lower than the refractive index of described first fuse, higher refractive index than the refractive index of second fuse,
Described optical fiber is less than or equal to 20ps/nm/km at the absolute value of the chromatic dispersion of wavelength 1550nm, is less than or equal to 15 μ m at the net sectional area Aeff of wavelength 1550nm
2, and at the nonlinear constant n of wavelength 1550nm
2/ Aeff is more than or equal to 25 * 10
-10/ W, doped germanium in described covering,
Wherein, be under the situation of 400 meters～1 km in the length of optical fiber, in any wavelength of wavelength 1510nm to 1590nm, the maximal value of optical fiber chromatic dispersion longitudinally and the difference of minimum value are less than or equal to 1ps/nm/km.
2. optical fiber as claimed in claim 1,
Described optical fiber is less than or equal to 12 μ m at the net sectional area Aeff of wavelength 1550nm
2, and at the nonlinear constant of wavelength 1550nm more than or equal to 35 * 10
-10/ W.
3. optical fiber as claimed in claim 1, wherein
Described covering is 0.1%～1.0% with respect to the refractive index contrast of pure silicon dioxide.
4. optical fiber as claimed in claim 1, wherein
Described first fuse is 1.0%～5.0% with respect to the refractive index contrast Δ 1 of described covering, and described second fuse is-2.4%～-0.2% with respect to the refractive index contrast Δ 2 of described covering.
5. optical fiber as claimed in claim 1, wherein
Described first fuse is 2.0%～4.0% with respect to the refractive index contrast Δ 1 of described covering, and described second fuse is-2.0%～-0.6% with respect to the refractive index contrast Δ 2 of described covering.
6. optical fiber as claimed in claim 1,
Described optical fiber is less than or equal to 10ps/nm/km at the absolute value of the chromatic dispersion of wavelength 1550nm.
7. optical fiber as claimed in claim 1,
Described optical fiber is less than or equal to 5ps/nm/km at the absolute value of the chromatic dispersion of wavelength 1550nm.
8. optical fiber as claimed in claim 1, wherein
Described optical fiber is less than or equal to 0.03ps/nm at the absolute value of the dispersion slope of wavelength 1550nm
2/ km.
9. optical fiber as claimed in claim 1, wherein
Described optical fiber is less than or equal to 0.01ps/nm at the absolute value of the dispersion slope of wavelength 1550nm
2/ km.
10. optical fiber as claimed in claim 1, wherein
Length at optical fiber is under the situation of 400 meters～1 km, and in any wavelength of wavelength 1510nm to 1590nm, the maximal value of optical fiber chromatic dispersion longitudinally and the difference of minimum value are less than or equal to 0.2ps/nm/km.
11. optical fiber as claimed in claim 1, wherein
Cutoff wavelength λ c is less than or equal to 1500nm.
12. optical fiber as claimed in claim 1, wherein
Cutoff wavelength λ c is less than or equal to 1200nm.
13. optical fiber as claimed in claim 1, wherein
The ratio D1/D2 of the outer diameter D 1 of described first fuse and the outer diameter D 2 of described second fuse is more than or equal to 0.1 and be less than or equal to 0.8.
14. optical fiber as claimed in claim 1, wherein
The ratio D1/D2 of the outer diameter D 1 of described first fuse and the outer diameter D 2 of described second fuse is more than or equal to 0.4 and be less than or equal to 0.7.
15. optical fiber as claimed in claim 1, comprising the 3rd fuse,
The 3rd fuse is in the periphery of described second fuse, have lower than the refractive index of described first fuse, and the refractive index higher than the refractive index of described cladding part.
16. optical fiber as claimed in claim 1, wherein
Described the 3rd fuse is 0.1%～0.9% with respect to the refractive index contrast Δ 3 of described covering.
17. optical fiber as claimed in claim 1, wherein
The ratio D2/D3 of the outer diameter D 2 of described second fuse and the outer diameter D 3 of described the 3rd fuse is more than or equal to 0.35 and be less than or equal to 0.99.
18. optical fiber as claimed in claim 1, wherein
The refractive index profile shape of described first fuse is that the α power distributes, and described α is more than or equal to 3.0.
19. optical fiber as claimed in claim 1, wherein
The refractive index profile shape of described first fuse is that the α power distributes, and described α is more than or equal to 6.0.
20. a light signal processing device, the optical fiber that this device uses comprises:
Be positioned at first fuse of central part;
Be set at this first fuse periphery, second fuse with refractive index lower than the refractive index of described first fuse; And
Be set at the periphery of this second fuse, have lower than the refractive index of described first fuse, and the covering of the refractive index higher than the refractive index of described second fuse,
Described optical fiber is less than or equal to 10ps/nm/km at the absolute value of the chromatic dispersion of wavelength 1550nm, is less than or equal to 15 μ m at the net sectional area of wavelength 1550nm
2, and at the nonlinear constant of wavelength 1550nm more than or equal to 25 * 10
-10/ W, doped germanium in described covering,
Wherein, be under the situation of 400 meters～1 km in the length of optical fiber, in any wavelength of wavelength 1510nm to 1590nm, the maximal value of optical fiber chromatic dispersion longitudinally and the difference of minimum value are less than or equal to 1ps/nm/km.
21. light signal processing device as claimed in claim 20,
Described light signal processing device is an optical wavelength changer.
22. light signal processing device as claimed in claim 20,
Described light signal processing device is a pulse shortener.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP017179/04 | 2004-01-26 | ||
| JP2004017179A JP4219825B2 (en) | 2004-01-26 | 2004-01-26 | Nonlinear dispersion-shifted optical fiber |
| JP125001/04 | 2004-04-21 | ||
| JP2004125001A JP4776174B2 (en) | 2004-04-21 | 2004-04-21 | Optical fiber and optical signal processing apparatus using the optical fiber |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2005100057814A Division CN100397117C (en) | 2004-01-26 | 2005-01-25 | Nonlinear dispersion deflection optical fiber |
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| CN101187716B true CN101187716B (en) | 2010-04-21 |
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1186250A (en) * | 1996-12-27 | 1998-07-01 | 住友电气工业株式会社 | Dispersion-shifted fiber |
| CN1340725A (en) * | 2000-09-01 | 2002-03-20 | 古河电气工业株式会社 | Optical fibre and light-transmission line using the said optical fibre |
| CN1441565A (en) * | 2002-02-19 | 2003-09-10 | 古河电气工业株式会社 | Optical fibre and optical amplifier and transmission system containing optical fibre |
-
2004
- 2004-01-26 JP JP2004017179A patent/JP4219825B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2005
- 2005-01-25 CN CN2007101668710A patent/CN101187716B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1186250A (en) * | 1996-12-27 | 1998-07-01 | 住友电气工业株式会社 | Dispersion-shifted fiber |
| CN1340725A (en) * | 2000-09-01 | 2002-03-20 | 古河电气工业株式会社 | Optical fibre and light-transmission line using the said optical fibre |
| CN1441565A (en) * | 2002-02-19 | 2003-09-10 | 古河电气工业株式会社 | Optical fibre and optical amplifier and transmission system containing optical fibre |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
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| 贾光明等.高非线性光纤及其应用.光通信研究1 1.2003,1(1),43-55. |
| 贾光明等.高非线性光纤及其应用.光通信研究1 1.2003,1(1),43-55. * |
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| JP4219825B2 (en) | 2009-02-04 |
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