CN101186999A - Method for preparing ceramic-metal composite material cladding layer - Google Patents
Method for preparing ceramic-metal composite material cladding layer Download PDFInfo
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- CN101186999A CN101186999A CNA200710178958XA CN200710178958A CN101186999A CN 101186999 A CN101186999 A CN 101186999A CN A200710178958X A CNA200710178958X A CN A200710178958XA CN 200710178958 A CN200710178958 A CN 200710178958A CN 101186999 A CN101186999 A CN 101186999A
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Abstract
Provided is a process for preparing a cladding layer of ceramic-metallic composite material, belonging to the technical field of superficial treatment. The technique includes that the surface of a metallic member is cleaned, unoiled and sprayed sand, enabling the surface of the metallic member to be roughened, then the method of electric arc spraying or plasma spraying is employed to prepare the coating layer of ceramic-metallic composite material on the surface of the metallic member, the scanning remelting of the coating layer is carried out by utilizing a plasma arc gun with micro beam and the like. The parameters of the invention include that a compression nozzle of the plasma arc gun with the diameter of 0.6 to 1.3 millimeters is chosen, the ionized gas flow is 0.08 to 0.2 liter every minute, the protective gas flow is two to three liters every minute, the plasma arc current is 10 to 30A when the thickness of the coating layer is less than 600 micrometers, the plasma arc current is 25 to 60A when the thickness of the coating layer is 600 to 1500 micrometers, the distance between the head portion of the plasma arc gun with micro beam and the surface of the coating layer is two to five millimeters, and the relative move speed of the plasma arc gun with micro beam to the member is two to eight millimeters every second. The invention has the advantages of simple technique, stable quality, low cost and high manufacture efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of surface, a kind of method for preparing ceramic-metal composite material cladding layer particularly is provided.Be applicable to wear-resisting, the high-temperature corrosion resistance cladding layer that have metallurgical binding in metal component surface, the particularly used outer surface of steel tube preparation of power plant boiler four pipes.
Background technology
By prepare wear-resistant, the high-temperature corrosion resistance performance that alloy, ceramic-metal composite material coating can improve hardware at metal component surface, present existing technology comprises thermospray, cold spraying, vapour deposition etc.The subject matter that gas phase deposition technology exists is: sedimentation velocity is slow, coating is thin, generally can only obtain several coatings to tens microns; Be difficult to such as large-size components surface preparation coatings such as four main tubes of boiler.The characteristics of electric arc spraying, plasma spraying, high-velocity oxy-fuel spraying hot-spraying techniqueies such as (HVOF) are the spray efficiency height, can prepare alloy coat or ceramic-metal composite material coating at large size hardware outside surfaces such as four main tubes of boiler, coat-thickness can reach the hundreds of micron to the millimeter level, but the coating and the matrix of existing hot-spraying techniques preparation are mechanical bond or half metallurgical binding, coating and substrate combinating strength are far below body material intensity, and coating porosity is generally 1-15%; Problems such as the bonding strength that above-mentioned coating exists is low, porosity height make wear-resisting, the anti-corrosion and impact resistance of coating be subjected to bigger restriction.
In recent years, some researchists have obtained bigger progress aspect the coating performance utilizing the laser remolten treatment technology to improve, and generally only hundreds of micron and surface crack are difficult to limitation such as control but the laser remolten treatment technology exists apparatus expensive, cladding layer thickness.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method for preparing ceramic-metal composite material cladding layer, problems such as the existing bonding strength of coating that has solved the hot spray process preparation is low, porosity height.
The present invention is defined as follows coating, remelted layer, cladding layer: coating is the precoated layer (not passing through the micro-beam plasma arc remelting) of thermospray preparation; Remelted layer is to use after coating and part body material melt under arc of recess effects such as microbeam and by matrix self-excitation cold-working to solidify the crystallizing layer that forms; Cladding layer be coating in fusing back under the arc of recess effects such as microbeam and by matrix self-excitation cold-working with solidifying the crystallizing layer (not comprising) that forms through the body material after the remelting, and approximate definition cladding layer thickness equals coat-thickness (ignored the porosity of the cladding layer that forms after the remelting and be lower than the ceramic phase trickle influence of spreading to matrix on a small quantity at the interface of coating porosity and cladding layer and matrix bond).
The present invention has developed a kind of production method that has wear-resisting, the resistance to high temperature corrosion ceramic-metal composite material cladding layer of metallurgical binding in metal component surface preparation, particularly prepare method wear-resisting, the resistance to high temperature corrosion cladding layer at the used outer surface of steel tube of power plant boiler four pipes, its gordian technique is by the remelting of micro-beam plasma arc to the ceramic-metal composite material coating, make cladding layer and matrix reach metallurgical binding, cladding layer densification, porosity are 0-0.1%, cladding layer flawless defective, cladding layer thickness are 200-1500 μ m.Prepare the cladding layer of thickness as need, then can adopt step preparation 2 layer and the above multilayer cladding layer identical with aforesaid method greater than 1500 μ m.
Micro-beam plasma arc is a kind of in the plasma arc, and the microplasma welding gun is that a kind of little electric current (usually less than 30A) fuses into the type weldprocedure, generally adopts small-bore constricting nozzle and associative form electric arc.Have two electric arcs when promptly welding, one is to burn untransferable arc between electrode and nozzle, and another is the transferred arc between electrode and weldment of burning, and the former plays striking and arc maintenance effect, and the latter is used to melt workpiece.The micro-beam plasma arc temperature can melt all alloys and stupalith between 10000-20000 ℃.Existing micro-beam plasma arc is mainly used in the welding of workpiece.
Advantages such as the present invention utilizes that the arc bundle heat of micro-beam plasma arc is concentrated, arc column good stability, heat affected zone are little are carried out remelting to coating.For the coating of thickness less than 600 μ m, arc-plasma current is 10-30A, and is the coating of 600-1500 μ m for thickness, and arc-plasma current is 25-60A.Advantage of the present invention is: by regulating arc-plasma current and plasma gun and workpiece speed of relative movement, can make cladding layer thickness is 200-1500 μ m; Little during remelting to the base material heat affected zone, just can carry out the remelting processing of coating greater than the member of 2mm for base material thickness; When the plasma arc length changes in the larger context, can current interruption yet, and can keep the column feature, little to the base material heat affected zone.
Compare with the coating of thermospray preparation, the microstructure of the cladding layer of micro-beam plasma arc preparation is the crystal type tissue of rapid solidification, cladding layer and matrix reach metallurgical binding, its bonding strength is more than 4 times of hot spray coating bonding strength, and the coating of hot spray process preparation is the sintered type lamellar structure of higher porosity.For coated material of the same race, under the experiment condition of three-body abrasive wear, the relative wear resistance of cladding layer is 2-4 a times of hot spray coating.
The present invention specifically comprises the steps:
1, metal component surface (material can be carbon steel, steel alloy, superalloy, wrought aluminium alloy etc.) is cleaned oil removing and sandblast, make its surface texturing.
2, with electric arc spraying (spray material is a powder core silk) or plasma spraying (spray material is a powder) preparation ceramic-metal composite material coating; Contain at least two kinds of following ceramic powder in the spray material, ceramic powder specifically comprises: CrB, Cr
3C
2, TiC, WC, TiB
2, FeB, Fe
2B, the massfraction of ceramic powder are 10-50%; The metallic substance that is comprised in the spray material can be ferrous alloy, nickel-base alloy (as 1Cr18Ni9Ti, Ni80Cr20 etc.).According to needs wear-resisting to hardware, corrosion fatigue life, coat-thickness can be chosen in the 200-1500 mu m range.
3, utilize the micro-beam plasma arc rifle that coating is scanned remelting, its processing parameter is: micro-beam plasma arc rifle constricting nozzle diameter is 0.6-1.3mm, and the gas flow of ions amount is 0.08-0.2L (liter)/min, and the protection airshed is 2-3L (liter)/min; For the coating of thickness less than 600 μ m, arc-plasma current is 10-30A, and is the coating of 600-1500 μ m for thickness, and arc-plasma current is 25-60A.Micro-beam plasma arc rifle head and coatingsurface distance be 2-5mm, and micro-beam plasma arc rifle and workpiece speed of relative movement are 2-8mm/s, the micro-beam plasma arc gun pendulum moves width range and is ± and (0-2) mm, micro-beam plasma arc rifle single track remelting width is 2-5mm.Under the effect of plasma arc, coating and reach temperature more than the fusing point with the body material at matrix bond face place, after plasma arc leaves heating region, melt the self-excitation cold-working of matrix with under solidify and form crystal structure, make cladding layer and matrix reach metallurgical binding.Prepared as stated above cladding layer thickness is 200-1500 μ m.
Prepare the cladding layer of thickness as need, then adopt with above-mentioned steps one to the identical method of step 3 to prepare repeatedly spraying-cladding layer greater than 1.5mm.Promptly to the cladding layer surface clean with sandblast after, utilize hot spray process to prepare coating on the cladding layer surface, utilize micro-beam plasma arc cladding equipment that coating is carried out the scan-type remelting then and obtain next cladding layer.Above-mentioned 1～3 step is repeated 1～5 time, and obtaining cladding layer thickness is 1.5～6mm.
Use method of the present invention, can realize making cladding layer and matrix reach metallurgical binding to the remelting of the ceramic-metal composite material coating of thermospray preparation, cladding layer is a tiny crystal structure fine and close behind the rapid solidification, porosity is 0-0.1%, cladding layer flawless defective.Single cladding layer thickness is 200-1500 μ m, the thickness that can reach greater than laser cladding layer.Use repeatedly spraying-remelting method of the present invention, can prepare the cladding layer that thickness reaches 6mm.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of micro-beam plasma arc rifle remelting coating.Wherein, metallic matrix 1, remelted layer 2, plasma arc melting area 3, the coating 5 of solidifying zone of transition 4, not remelting, body material 6.
Fig. 2 is micro-beam plasma arc rifle overlap joint scanning pattern synoptic diagram.
Fig. 3 is the low power optical microscope photograph of arc spraying coating cross section.Wherein, arc spraying coating section 7, coating and matrix bond face 8, matrix 9.
Fig. 4 is the low power optical microscope photograph to remelted layer cross section after the coating remelting.Wherein, macrostructure 10 after the coating remelting, remelted layer and not reflow zone bonding interface 11, matrix 12.
Fig. 5 is the Powerful Light Microscope photo through arc spraying coating cross section after the chemical erosion.
Fig. 6 for the cladding layer cross section through the Powerful Light Microscope photo after the chemical erosion.
Fig. 7 is the microhardness curve of not remelting coating and cladding layer cross section.
Fig. 8 is the abrasive wear characteristic comparing result of cladding layer and not remelting coating.
Embodiment
Example 1: preparation thickness is the cladding layer (remelted layer thickness is 1030-1100 μ m) of 1000 μ m.Metallic matrix is an A3 steel flat board, and its thickness is 6mm.Spraying powder cored filament material material is: the average quality mark of composite powder (57%FeB+40%CrB+3%Si) in powder core silk is 40%, and powder core silk crust is Fe.Steel plate is carried out oil removing, sandblast pretreatment, utilize electric arc spraying to prepare the coating that mean thickness is 1000 μ m at surface of steel plate.Micro-beam plasma arc remelting parameter is: plasma arc rifle constricting nozzle diameter 1mm, and the gas flow of ions amount is 0.1L (liter)/min, the protection airshed is 2L (liter)/min; Arc-plasma current is 40A.Micro-beam plasma arc rifle head and coatingsurface distance are 4mm, and micro-beam plasma arc rifle and workpiece speed of relative movement are 4mm/s, and the moving width range of micro-beam plasma arc gun pendulum is ± 1mm that micro-beam plasma arc rifle single track remelting width is 4mm.Remelting scanning overlapping rate is 30%, and Fig. 2 is micro-beam plasma arc rifle overlap joint scanning pattern synoptic diagram.Fig. 3 is the low power optical microscope photograph of arc spraying coating cross section pattern, and coating is a laminate structure, and defective is more.Fig. 4 is the low power optical microscope photograph to remelted layer cross section after the coating remelting, and remelted layer is tiny crystal structure (body material that 30-100 μ m thickness is arranged approximately is by remelting), flawless, hole defect.Fig. 5 is the Powerful Light Microscope photo (corroding 2s with 4% nital) of arc spraying coating cross section, can know that observing coating is lamellar structure, exists defectives such as crackle, hole.Fig. 6 is that cladding layer is mainly tiny born of the same parents' shape equiax crystal to the Powerful Light Microscope photo of cladding layer cross section after the coating remelting (corroding 20s with hydrofluoric acid, aqueous nitric acid).
Not remelting coating, cladding layer microhardness correlation curve such as Fig. 7, the cladding layer microhardness is apparently higher than coating as can be seen from Figure.The abrasive wear characteristic comparing result of cladding layer, not remelting coating is seen Fig. 8, and testing used grain-abrasion testing machine model is MLS-225, and testing used abrasive material is silicon carbide, and the relative wear resistance of cladding layer is 3.28 times of not remelting coating.
Example 2: preparation thickness is the cladding layer (remelted layer thickness is 350-400 μ m) of 300 μ m, and its working temperature is 800 ℃.Metallic matrix is the 0Cr19Ni9 steel pipe, and its external diameter is 31mm, and thickness is 3mm.Spraying powder cored filament material material is: composite powder (50%CrB+35%Cr
3C
2+ 12TiC+3%Si) the average quality mark in powder core silk is 35%, powder core silk crust is 0Cr18Ni9Ti.Steel pipe is carried out oil removing, sandblast pretreatment, utilize electric arc spraying to prepare the coating that thickness is 300 μ m at outer surface of steel tube.During remelting, the micro-beam plasma arc rifle is fixed.Utilize additional mechanical movement means to make pipeline for the helical movement, the pipeline kinematic parameter is: move axially speed 7.5mm/min, pipeline rotating speed 4round/min.Micro-beam plasma arc remelting parameter is: plasma arc rifle constricting nozzle diameter 0.8mm, and the gas flow of ions amount is 0.12L (liter)/min, the protection airshed is 2.2L (liter)/min; Arc-plasma current is 25A.Micro-beam plasma arc rifle head and coatingsurface distance are 4mm.
Example 3: preparation thickness is the cladding layer (remelted layer thickness is 3.05-3.15mm) of 3mm.Metallic matrix is a 12CrMoV steel flat board, and its thickness is 20mm.Spraying powder cored filament material material is: the average quality mark of composite powder (45%FeB+55%CrB) in powder core silk is 42%, and powder core silk crust is Fe.Concrete technology is divided into following three steps: (1) carries out oil removing, sandblast pretreatment to steel plate, utilizes electric arc spraying to prepare the coating that mean thickness is 1000 μ m at surface of steel plate.Micro-beam plasma arc remelting parameter is: plasma arc rifle constricting nozzle diameter 1mm, and the gas flow of ions amount is 0.15L (liter)/min, the protection airshed is 2.3L (liter)/min; Arc-plasma current is 40A, micro-beam plasma arc rifle head and coatingsurface distance are 4mm, plasma arc rifle and workpiece speed of relative movement are 3.5mm/s, and the moving width range of micro-beam plasma arc gun pendulum is ± 1mm that micro-beam plasma arc rifle single track remelting width is 4mm.Remelting scanning overlapping rate is 30%.Thereby prepare cladding layer for the first time.(2) to the first time cladding layer surface carry out oil removing, sandblast pretreatment, utilize electric arc spraying the first time cladding layer surface preparation mean thickness be the coating of 1200 μ m.Micro-beam plasma arc remelting parameter is: plasma arc rifle constricting nozzle diameter 1mm, and the gas flow of ions amount is 0.15L (liter)/min, the protection airshed is 2.3L (liter)/min; Arc-plasma current is 45A, micro-beam plasma arc rifle head and coatingsurface distance are 4mm, micro-beam plasma arc rifle and workpiece speed of relative movement are 3.5mm/s, and the moving width range of micro-beam plasma arc gun pendulum is ± 1mm that micro-beam plasma arc rifle single track remelting width is 4mm.Remelting scanning overlapping rate is 30%.Thereby prepare cladding layer for the second time.(3) to the second time cladding layer surface carry out oil removing, sandblast pretreatment, utilize electric arc spraying the second time cladding layer surface preparation mean thickness be the coating of 800 μ m.Micro-beam plasma arc remelting parameter is: plasma arc rifle constricting nozzle diameter 1mm, and the gas flow of ions amount is 0.13L (liter)/min, the protection airshed is 2.2L (liter)/min; Arc-plasma current is 40A.Micro-beam plasma arc rifle head and coatingsurface distance are 4mm, and micro-beam plasma arc rifle and workpiece speed of relative movement are 3.5mm/s, and the moving width range of micro-beam plasma arc gun pendulum is ± 1mm that micro-beam plasma arc rifle single track remelting width is 4mm.Remelting scanning overlapping rate is 30%.Thereby prepare cladding layer for the third time.
By three sprayings, three remeltings, obtain the cladding layer that total thickness is 3mm.
Claims (3)
1. a method for preparing ceramic-metal composite material cladding layer is characterized in that, technology is:
(1) metal component surface is cleaned oil removing and sandblast, make its surface texturing;
(2) utilize electric arc spraying or plasma spraying method to prepare the ceramic-metal composite material coating at metal component surface, coat-thickness is 200-1500 μ m;
(3) utilize the micro-beam plasma arc rifle that coating is carried out the scan-type remelting, its processing parameter is: selecting diameter for use is the plasma arc rifle constricting nozzle of 0.6-1.3mm, and the gas flow of ions amount is 0.08-0.2 liter/min, and the protection airshed is 2-3 liter/min; For the coating of thickness less than 600 μ m, arc-plasma current is 10-30A, and is the coating of 600-1500 μ m for thickness, and arc-plasma current is 25-60A; Micro-beam plasma arc rifle head and coatingsurface distance are 2-5mm, micro-beam plasma arc rifle and workpiece speed of relative movement are 2-8mm/s, the moving width range of micro-beam plasma arc gun pendulum is ± (0-2) mm, micro-beam plasma arc rifle single track remelting width is 2-5mm, and cladding layer thickness is 200-1500 μ m;
Above-mentioned (1)～(3) step is repeated 1～5 time, and obtaining cladding layer thickness is 1.5～6mm,
2. as right 1 described method, it is characterized in that: be used for used powder cored filament material of electric arc spraying or plasma spraying or powder material spray and contain at least two kinds of following ceramic powder, ceramic powder comprises: CrB, Cr
3C
2, TiC, WC, TiB
2, FeB, Fe
2B, the ceramic powder massfraction in spray material is 10-50%.
3. as right 1 described method, it is characterized in that: the hardware material is carbon steel, steel alloy, superalloy, wrought aluminium alloy.
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| CN101913019A (en) * | 2010-07-23 | 2010-12-15 | 常熟市精工模具制造有限公司 | Method for overlaying glass die by plasma |
| CN101591759B (en) * | 2009-06-26 | 2011-05-25 | 北京工业大学 | Method for preparing hydroxylapatite coating by microplasma spraying |
| CN101658973B (en) * | 2009-09-16 | 2011-06-08 | 华北电力大学 | Preparation method of composite armor plate consisting of metal-ceramic cladding layer-metal |
| CN102286718A (en) * | 2010-06-17 | 2011-12-21 | 上海宝钢设备检修有限公司 | Method for improving bond strength of thermal spraying coating layer and metal substrate |
| CN102424944A (en) * | 2011-12-08 | 2012-04-25 | 九江学院 | Method for remelting ternary boride metal ceramic gradient coating by using laser |
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| CN101591759B (en) * | 2009-06-26 | 2011-05-25 | 北京工业大学 | Method for preparing hydroxylapatite coating by microplasma spraying |
| CN101658973B (en) * | 2009-09-16 | 2011-06-08 | 华北电力大学 | Preparation method of composite armor plate consisting of metal-ceramic cladding layer-metal |
| CN102286718A (en) * | 2010-06-17 | 2011-12-21 | 上海宝钢设备检修有限公司 | Method for improving bond strength of thermal spraying coating layer and metal substrate |
| CN101913019A (en) * | 2010-07-23 | 2010-12-15 | 常熟市精工模具制造有限公司 | Method for overlaying glass die by plasma |
| CN101913019B (en) * | 2010-07-23 | 2012-03-28 | 常熟市精工模具制造有限公司 | Method for overlaying glass die by plasma |
| CN102424944A (en) * | 2011-12-08 | 2012-04-25 | 九江学院 | Method for remelting ternary boride metal ceramic gradient coating by using laser |
| CN105200366A (en) * | 2015-07-20 | 2015-12-30 | 曹厚义 | Thermal spraying reinforcement method for outer sleeve and front and rear connectors of downhole pneumatic impactor |
| CN108463571A (en) * | 2015-12-16 | 2018-08-28 | 涡轮涂层股份公司 | Method and apparatus for the thermal spray deposition for carrying out coating on the surface |
| CN106609349A (en) * | 2016-12-25 | 2017-05-03 | 机械科学研究总院青岛分院 | Bearing steel surface strengthening treatment technology |
| CN111565912A (en) * | 2017-11-07 | 2020-08-21 | 爱尔兰国立大学都柏林大学学院 | Surface preparation |
| CN115418601A (en) * | 2022-08-26 | 2022-12-02 | 南京市特种设备安全监督检验研究院 | High-frequency induction heating heavy fusible link and method for preparing anti-explosion coating of anti-explosion forklift fork |
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