CN101185954A - Aluminum alloy special-shaped member equivalent temperature precision forging technique method - Google Patents
Aluminum alloy special-shaped member equivalent temperature precision forging technique method Download PDFInfo
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- CN101185954A CN101185954A CNA2007101931975A CN200710193197A CN101185954A CN 101185954 A CN101185954 A CN 101185954A CN A2007101931975 A CNA2007101931975 A CN A2007101931975A CN 200710193197 A CN200710193197 A CN 200710193197A CN 101185954 A CN101185954 A CN 101185954A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a constant temperature fine-forging technique process used for the aluminum alloy parts with different shapes. The invention is mainly characterized in that constant temperature blank forging, die pre-forging, corrode-washing, fine forging of dies, heat treatment and re-corrode washing, etc. processes are adopted under a given temperature to enlarge the internal density of the parts and optimize the fiber direction and distribution of the inner construction of the parts, so as to enhance the strength and improve the appearance quality of the parts. The invention can enhance machining efficiency, reduce machining cost and conserve precious materials. The invention can enhance the compound capability of the materials of parts.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the forging processing technique field, is a kind of aluminum alloy special-shaped member equivalent temperature precision forging technique method.
Background technology
In technique known, the aluminium alloy irregular part in the precision optics not only has the certain precision requirement to its complicated profile, and its material inside organization state and intensity are had strict especially requirement.At present in the process of these parts, usually the process that adopts is: according to the trade mark requirement of part material, adopt bar to carry out machining, because its complex contour, thereby must utilize various processing equipment such as line cutting, electric pulse, Digit Control Machine Tool, machining center, pincers worker to process.The part outward appearance of processing is coarse, and intensity is low, and it is bothersome to take a lot of work, and operation is many, and efficient is low, and the cost height causes the significant wastage of precious materials.The method of the employing compression casting that has can overcome the problem of waste of material, but the intensity of making part does not reach the serviceability requirement far away.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of simple and efficient, low-cost, high efficiency, can improve the appearance and size and the fineness of irregular part complexity, can strengthen the warm finish forging process such as aluminium alloy irregular part of part material density and intensity again.
Realize that the technical scheme that purpose of the present invention is taked is: according to the designing requirement of atypia part, select the aluminium alloy cast ingot of the different trades mark for use, this method comprises the technological process finish forge moulding of blanking, forging stock, blocking, finish forge, inspection, finishing, and its main technique step is as follows:
A) when forging stock, the materials intercepting ingot casting according to making part is heated to 400～440 ℃, behind insulation 30～60min, forge on forging equipment, elder generation is to radially compressing pulling when forging, in that axially to compress big and heavy stone thick, radially compressing pulling more again;
B) blocking adopts die forging, and its heating-up temperature is 460～500 ℃, and temperature retention time is 30～60min, 465～490 ℃ of initial forging temperatures, and 330～370 ℃ of final forging temperatures, the die joint at mould therefor two ends is a broken line shape;
C) behind the blocking, the blocking blank is inserted erosion lose in the washing lotion and wash, put in order, dispel surface oxide layer, wherein; The erosion washing lotion adopts the hydrochloric acid of 5～15% sulfuric acid or 5～15% or 5～15% the arbitrary proportion sulfuric acid and the aqueous solution of mixed in hydrochloric acid, adds 1～3% kalium carbide by mass percentage, and losing the washing lotion temperature is 50～90 ℃;
D) finish forge adopts die forging, and its heating-up temperature is 460～500 ℃, and temperature retention time is 30～60min, 465～490 ℃ of initial forging temperatures, and 330～370 ℃ of final forging temperatures, the die joint at mould therefor two ends is a broken line shape;
E) part after the finish forge moulding is carried out molten admittedly the processing and Ageing Treatment, wherein, Gu molten the processing is smart base to be put into heating furnace be heated to 480～520 ℃, insulation 20～40min takes out smart base, is seated in the air and cools off; Ageing Treatment is smart base to be put into heating furnace be heated to 120～160 ℃, insulation 5～7h, and then be heated to 130～170 ℃, insulation 0.5～2h, and by its structure of designing requirement inspection by sampling and tensile strength;
F) will the smart base after Overheating Treatment insert to lose in the erosion washing lotion and wash, put in order, dispel surface oxide layer, wherein, the arbitrary proportion sulfuric acid of the sulfuric acid of erosion washing lotion employing 5～15% or 5～15% hydrochloric acid or 5～15% and the aqueous solution of mixed in hydrochloric acid, add 1～3% kalium carbide by mass percentage, erosion washing lotion temperature is 50～90 ℃.
Firing rate in described forging stock, blocking, finish forge and the heat treatment process is controlled at 8～9 ℃/min.
Mould in described blocking, the precision forging process is preheated to 180～280 ℃ before forging and pressing.
Adopt the warm finish forging process that waits of above-mentioned aluminum alloy material, its beneficial effect is: 1) adopt the isothermal finish forge, the part material combination property is improved, internal density increases, machine direction is with the shape layout of part, when satisfying every index, can make part strength improve more than 1.1 times.2) with respect to the profile that machining process obtained, its appearance surfaces fineness has great improvement, and the part that has appearance and size to require is also very easily met the demands.3) working (machining) efficiency improves greatly, and processing cost can reduce more than 20%, and can save a large amount of precious materials resources, and stock utilization can be brought up to more than 70% by average 6% of conventional method.
The specific embodiment
The warm finish forging process such as grade of aluminum alloy material, material requirement according to special-shaped aluminum alloy part, select the aluminium alloy cast ingot of the different trades mark for use, and through forging stock, utilize operations such as mould isothermal blocking, isothermal finish forge and heat treatment, keep material to possess enough plasticity, adopt finish forge mould, direct forging forming, reach the one-time formed purpose of irregular part, and by its internal crystal framework rearrange, refinement, the density and the tensile strength of part interior tissue are strengthened greatly, be applicable to the high strength component that precision optics is supporting.Its concrete grammar step is as follows:
A) forging stock: the materials that require to choose the corresponding trade mark, specification and make part according to the Element Design material intercept ingot casting, through heating 400～440 ℃, its firing rate should be controlled at 8～9 ℃/min, insulation 30～60min, make the ingot casting internal and external temperature even, then forge on forging equipment, elder generation is to radially compressing pulling when forging, in that axially to compress big and heavy stone thick, radially compressing pulling more again; The coarse-grain lattice disorganization that its original crystallization is formed, and form new thin lattice, rearrange, to increase its density and intensity, make the forging stock bar;
B) blocking: according to the materials intercepting forging stock bar of making part, and be heated to 460～500 ℃, its firing rate is controlled at 8～9 ℃/min, temperature retention time is 30～60min, utilize the blocking mould to carry out blocking, 180～280 ℃ of blocking mould and die preheatings should be prevented that the forging stock surface cooling is too fast in the forging and pressing process before the forging and pressing, moldable surface reduces, the influence forging and pressing.Initial forging temperature is 465～490 ℃ in the forging and pressing process, and final forging temperature can not be lower than 330～370 ℃, forges and presses the plastic requirement of material to satisfy, and cuts overlap, and for the ease of molding, die joint long on the blocking mould is made broken line shape;
C) erosion is washed, is repaired: the blocking blank is cleaned, repairs in the erosion washing lotion, dispel oxide layer, crisp hard to prevent its surface, influence finish forge, wherein lose hydrochloric acid that washing lotion adopts 5～15% sulfuric acid or 5～15% or 5～15% the arbitrary proportion sulfuric acid and the aqueous solution of mixed in hydrochloric acid, add 1～3% kalium carbide by mass percentage, erosion should be heated to 50～90 ℃ with losing washing lotion when washing, wash speed so that accelerate erosion, improve erosion and wash efficient;
D) finish forge: will be heated to 460～500 ℃ through the blocking blank that erosion is washed, repaired, its firing rate is controlled at 8～9 ℃/min, temperature retention time is 30～60min, on forging equipment, utilize finish forge mould to carry out the finish forge moulding, mould 180～280 ℃ of preheatings before forging and pressing, in the forging and pressing process, initial forging temperature should be controlled between 465～490 ℃, final forging temperature should not be lower than 330～370 ℃, cuts overlap after the finish forge moulding;
E) heat treatment: the part to the finish forge moulding carries out molten admittedly the processing and Ageing Treatment, wherein, Gu the molten effect of handling is the interior tissue that is used to improve part, improve part strength, its method is smart base to be put into heating furnace be heated to 480～520 ℃, and its firing rate is controlled at 8～9 ℃/min, insulation 20～40min, take out smart base then, be seated in the air and cool off.Ageing Treatment is in order to eliminate the residue stress of part inside, prevent that part from producing distortion after processing and in the use, its method is smart base to be put into heating furnace be heated to 120～160 ℃, its firing rate is controlled at 8～9 ℃/min, insulation 5～7h, and then be heated to 130～170 ℃, insulation 0.5～2h, and by its structure of designing requirement inspection by sampling and tensile strength;
F) erosion is washed, is repaired: will the finish forge forming part after Overheating Treatment insert to lose in the erosion washing lotion and wash, dispel oxide layer, the arbitrary proportion sulfuric acid of the sulfuric acid of erosion washing lotion employing 5～15% or 5～15% hydrochloric acid or 5～15% and the aqueous solution of mixed in hydrochloric acid, add 1～3% kalium carbide by mass percentage, the hydrochloric acid temperature is 50～90 ℃, and the part after erosion is washed is repaired, and carries out reconditioning, impeller blasting, eliminate burr, rough surface, promptly make accurate irregular part.
Claims (3)
1. warm finish forging process such as aluminium alloy irregular part, it is characterized in that: the processing step of this method is as follows
A) when forging stock, according to the materials intercepting ingot casting of making part, through heating 400～440 ℃, behind insulation 30～60min, forge on forging equipment, elder generation is to radially compressing pulling when forging, in that axially to compress big and heavy stone thick, radially compressing pulling more again;
B) blocking adopts die forging, and its heating-up temperature is 460～500 ℃, and temperature retention time is 30～60min, 465～490 ℃ of initial forging temperatures, and 330～370 ℃ of final forging temperatures, the die joint at mould therefor two ends is a broken line shape;
C) behind the blocking, the blocking blank is inserted erosion lose in the washing lotion and wash, put in order, dispel surface oxide layer, wherein; The erosion washing lotion adopts the hydrochloric acid of 5～15% sulfuric acid or 5～15% or 5～15% the arbitrary proportion sulfuric acid and the aqueous solution of mixed in hydrochloric acid, adds 1～3% kalium carbide by mass percentage, and losing the washing lotion temperature is 50～90 ℃;
D) finish forge adopts die forging, and its heating-up temperature is 460～500 ℃, and temperature retention time is 30～60min, 465～490 ℃ of initial forging temperatures, and 330～370 ℃ of final forging temperatures, the die joint at mould therefor two ends is a broken line shape;
E) part after the finish forge moulding is carried out molten admittedly the processing and Ageing Treatment, wherein, Gu molten the processing is smart base to be put into heating furnace be heated to 480～520 ℃, insulation 20～40min takes out smart base, is seated in the air and cools off; Ageing Treatment is smart base to be put into heating furnace be heated to 120～160 ℃, insulation 5～7h, and then be heated to 130～170 ℃, insulation 0.5～2h, and by its structure of designing requirement inspection by sampling and tensile strength;
F) will the smart base after Overheating Treatment insert to lose in the erosion washing lotion and wash, put in order, dispel surface oxide layer, wherein, the arbitrary proportion sulfuric acid of the sulfuric acid of erosion washing lotion employing 5～15% or 5～15% hydrochloric acid or 5～15% and the aqueous solution of mixed in hydrochloric acid, add 1～3% kalium carbide by mass percentage, erosion washing lotion temperature is 50～90 ℃.
2. warm finish forging process such as aluminium alloy irregular part according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the firing rate in described forging stock, blocking, finish forge and the heat treatment process is controlled at 8～9 ℃/min.
3. warm finish forging process such as aluminium alloy irregular part according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the mould in described blocking, the precision forging process is preheated to 180～280 ℃ before forging and pressing.
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