CN101184226A - Method and device of inserting video key frame - Google Patents
Method and device of inserting video key frame Download PDFInfo
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- CN101184226A CN101184226A CNA2006101381383A CN200610138138A CN101184226A CN 101184226 A CN101184226 A CN 101184226A CN A2006101381383 A CNA2006101381383 A CN A2006101381383A CN 200610138138 A CN200610138138 A CN 200610138138A CN 101184226 A CN101184226 A CN 101184226A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for inserting a key frame of video and the device; the invention is used for solving the problem of the prior art that the video transmission efficiency and video fluency can not be balanced. The method of the invention comprises the following steps: a sending terminal detects the change of the video images of two adjacent frames real time; when the change degree is greater than a preset threshold value, the current frame is coded as a key frame and is inserted into the video stream. The sending terminal of the invention comprises a video input module for obtaining the video frame image; a video coding module for coding the video frame image obtained by the video input module; a video transmitter module for transmitting the coded video stream output by the video coding module; the sending terminal also comprises a key frame inserting module for real time detecting the change degree between the two adjacent frame video images in the video input module; when the change degree is greater than the preset threshold value, the key frame inserting module instructs the video coding module to take the current frame coding as the key frame. The invention can balance the video transmission efficiency and video fluency simultaneously.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the Internet and the communications field, particularly relate to a kind of method and device that inserts key frame of video.
Background technology
Increasingly mature along with the fast development of the Internet and multimedia technology, use more and more widely in the market of video communication, the mode that realizes video communication also becomes varied, as video telephone, instant messaging, Video chat, Web TV, IPTV and remote monitoring, tele-medicine etc.The bright prospects of video communication development make it become another important communication form after Speech Communication.
The basis of realizing video communication is a video compression algorithm efficiently.The video compression standard of main flow has MPEG4, H264 etc. at present.In these compress techniques, coded image generally is divided into three types: interior frame (I), inter-frame (P) and bidirectional frame (B).Interior frame has utilized spatial coherence, adopts with the similar mode of JPEG static image is encoded.Inter-frame has utilized temporal correlation, uses the frame of front to predict as the reference frame.Bidirectional frame then utilizes the frame of front and the frame of back to predict as the reference frame simultaneously.To produce residual error data after the prediction, residual error data is carried out dct transform and quantification, the output encoder code stream is promptly finished video compression.The wherein interior frame key frame that is otherwise known as, key frame can not needed the information with reference to other frames by independent decoding.Therefore start frame must be a key frame when video inserts, and in addition, in order to prevent to cause interruption because of Network Packet Loss in the process of video communication, must insert key frame at interval in continuous video flowing, thereby can recover video transmission behind packet loss.
But the encoding characteristics of key frame has determined that its compression ratio is lower, output code flow is bigger, therefore inserting key frame continually will take the more network bandwidth, use based on the Streaming Media of multicast for this class of Web TV especially, in order to guarantee that the user can insert faster, must insert key frame with the short time interval, but because its video content itself changes just bigger, encode in interior frame mode continually again and will cause network traffics to increase, reduce the efficient of video transmission.Therefore must use adaptive key frame insertion method, guarantee that on the one hand video inserts and transmission is carried out smoothly, under equal video quality condition, reduce network traffics as far as possible on the other hand.
Prior art generally all adopts the method for inserting key frame with Fixed Time Interval, and for example the streaming media service of Microsoft served as to insert key frame at interval with 8 seconds all generally.Some man-to-man video communication services (for example Video chat) are also arranged in addition, adopt, when at packet loss, send key frame immediately to the opposite end request with long time interval insertion key frame.
The method of inserting key frame with above-mentioned Fixed Time Interval will cause network traffics to increase, and reduce the efficient of video transmission.And the method for request key frame can't be used for the video communication service of one-to-many, and when network condition was relatively poor, the time-delay of request key frame may be very long, causes video communication to interrupt for a long time.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of method and device that inserts key frame of video, can't take into account the problem of video transmission efficient and video fluency in order to solve prior art.
The inventive method comprises the following steps: that transmitting terminal detects the change degree of adjacent two frame video images in real time; When described change degree during, present frame is encoded to key frame, and inserts in the video flowing greater than preset threshold value.
Further, the change degree of adjacent two frame video images of described detection comprises the following steps: present frame and previous frame video image thereof are divided into two-dimentional macro block respectively; Selected macroblock in present frame, and search for the Optimum Matching macro block of each selected macroblock in described previous frame respectively writes down the absolute error and the SAD of each Optimum Matching macro block and corresponding selected macroblock simultaneously; Statistics is greater than the absolute error of first preset value and the quantity of SAD, and with the change degree of this quantity as adjacent two frame video images.
Further again, when the described quantity that counts during, present frame is encoded to key frame, and inserts in the video flowing greater than first threshold.
Further, greater than first threshold, the change degree of adjacent two frame video images of then described detection also comprises the following steps: to calculate respectively present frame and the histogram of previous frame video image on the Y component thereof as if the described quantity that counts; Calculate described two histogrammic differences, and with the change degree of described difference as adjacent two frame video images; Afterwards, transmitting terminal compares the described difference and second threshold value, when described difference during greater than second threshold value, present frame is encoded to key frame, and inserts in the video flowing.
In sum, when detecting when in the frame number that second preset value is set, not inserting key frame, then in video flowing, force to insert key frame.
Video transmission transmitting terminal of the present invention comprises:
Video input module is used to obtain video frame images;
Video encoding module is used for the video frame images that described video input module obtains is encoded;
The video sending module is used to send the video flowing of exporting behind the video encoding module coding;
The key frame insert module is used for detecting in real time from video input module the change degree of adjacent two frame video images, and when described change degree during greater than preset threshold value, the instruction video coding module is encoded to key frame with present frame.
Wherein, described key frame insert module further comprises: the first order is measured module, is used for present frame and previous frame video image thereof are divided into two-dimentional macro block respectively; Selected macroblock in present frame, and search for the Optimum Matching macro block of each selected macroblock in described previous frame respectively writes down the absolute error and the SAD of each Optimum Matching macro block and corresponding selected macroblock simultaneously; Statistics is greater than the absolute error of first preset value and the quantity of SAD, and with the change degree of this quantity as adjacent two frame video images.
Further, described key frame insert module further comprises: module is measured in the second level, when the described first order was measured quantity that module counts greater than first threshold, the described second level was measured module and is calculated present frame and the histogram of previous frame video image on the Y component thereof respectively; And described two histogrammic differences, and with the change degree of described difference as adjacent two frame video images.
In sum, described transmitting terminal also comprises: the key frame that is used for the information of obtaining from described video encoding module is forced insert module, when detecting when not inserting key frame in the frame number that second preset value is set, the instruction video coding module is encoded to key frame with present frame.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is as follows:
The present invention inserts key frame unlike prior art with Fixed Time Interval, is perhaps sending key frame to the transmit leg request in the video communication service behind recipient's packet loss one to one; But detect the change degree of adjacent two frame video images in real time, when described change degree during, present frame is encoded to key frame and inserts in the video flowing greater than preset threshold value.Thereby realized inserting key frame adaptively according to the correlation of adjacent video frames.The correlation of consecutive frame is more little among the present invention, and it is just more little to the influence of efficiency of transmission to insert key frame.
Further, the secondary that the present invention proposes is measured the correlation between judgment frame (being change degree) exactly, therefore can when ensureing that video access and transmission smoothness are carried out, reduce because the extra coding expense that causes with Fixed Time Interval insertion key frame.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the inventive method flow chart of steps;
Fig. 2 is a video transmission sending end structure schematic diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
In order to take into account video transmission efficient and video fluency, the present invention considers in coding techniques, the coding of key frame (I frame) only utilizes the correlation in the frame, and the coding of P frame will utilize in the frame and the correlation of interframe simultaneously, therefore for the content continuous video frames, the compression efficiency of P frame will be far above the I frame, so the I frame is too much in the video flowing, and network traffics will raise greatly.But for the violent frame of video of two adjacent content change, because their frame-to-frame correlation is little, so the compression ratio of I frame and P frame is with very nearly the same.Therefore when key frame inserts, if consider the variation of video streaming content, the frame of video of video content generation acute variation (as big motion, scene change) is encoded to key frame, just can under the prerequisite that does not influence video stream compression efficient, ensures that video transmission is carried out smoothly when Network Packet Loss.
According to above-mentioned theory, the invention provides a kind of method of inserting key frame of video, referring to shown in Figure 1, comprise following key step:
S1, transmitting terminal obtain vedio data.
Transmitting terminal obtains vedio data from video source (as camera, video file etc.).
S2, transmitting terminal detect the change degree of adjacent two frame video images in real time.
The first order is measured the variation based on image local.At first, present frame and previous frame video image thereof are divided into two-dimentional macro block (macro block is N * N pixel) respectively; Secondly, selected macroblock in present frame, and search for the Optimum Matching macro block of each selected macroblock in described previous frame respectively writes down the absolute error and the SAD of each Optimum Matching macro block and corresponding selected macroblock simultaneously; At last, add up greater than the absolute error of first preset value and the quantity of SAD, and with the change degree of this quantity as adjacent two frame video images.
Based on above-mentioned first order measurements, if count greater than the quantity of the absolute error of first preset value and SAD greater than first threshold, then further in order to reach better effect, also can carry out measuring based on the second level that image overall changes.Calculate present frame and the histogram of previous frame video image on the Y component thereof at first, respectively; Secondly, calculate described two histogrammic differences, and with the change degree of described difference as adjacent two frame video images.
S3, when described change degree during greater than preset threshold value, present frame is encoded to key frame, and inserts in the video flowing.
The corresponding first order measure count greater than the absolute error of first preset value and the quantity of SAD, if this quantity is greater than first threshold (for example: this quantity accounts for the over half of selected macroblock quantity), the change degree of then judging present frame and its previous frame video image is bigger, present frame is encoded to key frame, and inserts in the video flowing.
Further, the histogram difference that corresponding second level measure calculation goes out if described difference greater than second threshold value, judges that then the change degree of present frame and its previous frame video image is bigger, is encoded to key frame with present frame, and inserts in the video flowing.Measure the key frame of being judged through above-mentioned two-stage, more accurate with respect to only measuring the key frame of being judged through the first order, video effect is better.
Further again, more perfect in order to make key frame insert strategy, also need consider the less situation of the long-time variation of video content.When detecting when in the frame number that second preset value is set, not inserting key frame, then in video flowing, force to insert key frame.
In order to support the inventive method, the present invention also provides a kind of video transmission transmitting terminal, referring to shown in Figure 2, it comprises: the video input module 1 of Xiang Lianing, video encoding module 2 and video sending module 3 successively, and the key frame insert module 4 that links to each other respectively with described video input module 1 and video encoding module 2; Further, also comprise: the key frame that links to each other with described video encoding module 2 is forced insert module 5.Comprise further in the described key frame insert module 4 that the first order measures module 41, and measure the second level that module 41 links to each other with the described first order and measure module 42.
Described video input module 1 is used to obtain video frame images.
Described key frame insert module 4 is used for detecting in real time from video input module 1 change degree of adjacent two frame video images, and when described change degree during greater than preset threshold value, and instruction video coding module 2 is encoded to key frame with present frame.The described first order is measured module 41, is used for present frame and previous frame video image thereof are divided into two-dimentional macro block respectively; Selected macroblock in present frame, and search for the Optimum Matching macro block of each selected macroblock in described previous frame respectively writes down the absolute error and the SAD of each Optimum Matching macro block and corresponding selected macroblock simultaneously; Statistics is greater than the absolute error of first preset value and the quantity of SAD, and with the change degree of this quantity as adjacent two frame video images.Module 42 is measured in the described second level, when the first order is measured quantity that module 41 counts greater than first threshold, is used for calculating respectively present frame and the histogram of previous frame video image on the Y component thereof; And described two histogrammic differences, and with the change degree of described difference as adjacent two frame video images.
Described video encoding module 2 is used for the video frame images that described video input module 1 obtains encode (being encoded to key frame or inter-frame).
Described key frame is forced insert module 5, is used for obtaining information from video encoding module 2, and when detecting when not inserting key frame in the frame number that second preset value is set, instruction video coding module 2 is encoded to key frame with present frame.
Described video sending module 3 is used to send the video flowing of exporting behind video encoding module 2 codings.
Below in conjunction with said method and video transmission transmitting terminal, specifically describe the present invention by an example.
L1, transmitting terminal utilize video input module 1 constantly to obtain vedio data from video source (as camera, video file etc.).
L2, transmitting terminal are encoded to vedio data.
The key frame insert module 4 of utilizing transmitting terminal detects the change degree of adjacent two frame video images in real time from described video input module 1, and instruction video coding module 2 is tackled the present frame coding mutually.
The first step is carried out the first order based on the variation of image local and is measured.At first, utilize the first order to measure module 41 present frame and previous frame video image thereof are divided into two-dimentional macro block (macro block is N * N pixel, generally gets N=6) respectively.Secondly, suppose that pixel in each macro block all does the translational motion that equates, adopt big or small diamond search method commonly used in the coding techniques so, the N of present frame * N macro block will search the macro block of Optimum Matching with it in the macro block neighborhood window of previous frame correspondence, described blocks and optimal matching blocks is and the absolute error of current macro and (SAD) minimum macro block.For accelerating search speed, can only select a macro block to search at random in each macro-block line of present frame.When determining the Optimum Matching macro block of each selected macroblock, preserve corresponding sad value.At last, after all selected macroblocks are finished coupling, add up wherein sad value greater than certain preset value (i.e. first preset value, for example: quantity first preset value=2500).If this quantity surpasses selected macroblock quantity half (being first threshold), then enter the judgement that the second level is measured; If this quantity surpasses selected macroblock quantity half (being first threshold), then video encoding module 2 is encoded to inter-frame with present frame.
Second step is because the first order is measured the movable information based on localized mass, so relatively more responsive to the variation of part.For the accurate more frame-to-frame correlation of judging adjacent two frames, further carry out the second level and measure based on the global change of image.At first, the second level is measured module 42 and is calculated present frame and the histogram H of previous frame video image on the Y component thereof respectively
CurrAnd H
PrevSecondly, by formula (1), calculate described two histogrammic differences.
If Diff is greater than threshold value T (i.e. second threshold value, for example: T=0.4 * picture altitude * picture traverse), the correlation of then confirming present frame and previous frame is very little, be encoded to present frame key frame and present frame be encoded to inter-frame compare by video encoding module 2 this moment, compression efficiency is suitable substantially, therefore can on the less frame of video position of correlation before and after these, insert key frame, cause extra coding expense thereby avoid inserting key frame with Fixed Time Interval; If Diff is smaller or equal to threshold value T, then video encoding module 2 is encoded to inter-frame with present frame.Too responsive in order to prevent that histogram from changing brightness, also gray scale can be reduced to 64 from 256, promptly define 0～3,4～7 ... between be same brightness.
Except changing to come the inserting key frame adaptively by detecting video content, more perfect in order to make key frame insert strategy, also need consider the less situation of the long-time variation of video content.So key frame forces insert module 5 to obtain information from video encoding module 2, (this frame number is bigger usually when detecting the frame number of setting at second preset value, for example: when not inserting key frame 300 frames), instruction video coding module 2 is encoded to key frame with present frame.
Video flowing after L3, transmitting terminal are encoded video encoding module 2 by video sending module 3 sends continuously to receiving terminal.
L4, according to prior art, after receiving terminal receives the video stream data that transmits, judge at first whether video flowing stream continuous, and promptly whether the previous frame data lose, if lose, then wait until when the current frame of video of receiving is key frame and just decode.After the decoding, video image is proceeded to show.
Obviously, those skilled in the art can carry out various changes and modification to the present invention and not break away from the spirit and scope of the present invention.Like this, if of the present invention these are revised and modification belongs within the scope of claim of the present invention and equivalent technologies thereof, then the present invention also is intended to comprise these changes and modification interior.
Claims (9)
1. a method of inserting key frame of video is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
Transmitting terminal detects the change degree of adjacent two frame video images in real time;
When described change degree during, present frame is encoded to key frame, and inserts in the video flowing greater than preset threshold value.
2. the method for insertion key frame of video as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the change degree of adjacent two frame video images of described detection comprises the following steps:
-present frame and previous frame video image thereof are divided into two-dimentional macro block respectively;
-selected macroblock in present frame, and search for the Optimum Matching macro block of each selected macroblock in described previous frame respectively writes down the absolute error and the SAD of each Optimum Matching macro block and corresponding selected macroblock simultaneously;
-add up greater than the absolute error of first preset value and the quantity of SAD, and with the change degree of this quantity as adjacent two frame video images.
3. the method for insertion key frame of video as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, when the described quantity that counts during greater than first threshold, present frame is encoded to key frame, and inserts in the video flowing.
4. the method for insertion key frame of video as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, greater than first threshold, the change degree of adjacent two frame video images of then described detection also comprises the following steps: as if the described quantity that counts
-calculate present frame and the histogram of previous frame video image on the Y component thereof respectively;
-calculate described two histogrammic differences, and with the change degree of described difference as adjacent two frame video images;
Afterwards, transmitting terminal compares the described difference and second threshold value, when described difference during greater than second threshold value, present frame is encoded to key frame, and inserts in the video flowing.
5. as the method for each described insertion key frame of video of claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that,, then in video flowing, force to insert key frame when detecting when in the frame number that second preset value is set, not inserting key frame.
6. video transmission transmitting terminal comprises:
Video input module is used to obtain video frame images;
Video encoding module is used for the video frame images that described video input module obtains is encoded;
The video sending module is used to send the video flowing of exporting behind the video encoding module coding;
It is characterized in that described transmitting terminal also comprises:
The key frame insert module is used for detecting in real time from video input module the change degree of adjacent two frame video images, and when described change degree during greater than preset threshold value, the instruction video coding module is encoded to key frame with present frame.
7. video transmission transmitting terminal as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, described key frame insert module further comprises:
The first order is measured module, is used for present frame and previous frame video image thereof are divided into two-dimentional macro block respectively; Selected macroblock in present frame, and search for the Optimum Matching macro block of each selected macroblock in described previous frame respectively writes down the absolute error and the SAD of each Optimum Matching macro block and corresponding selected macroblock simultaneously; Statistics is greater than the absolute error of first preset value and the quantity of SAD, and with the change degree of this quantity as adjacent two frame video images.
8. video transmission transmitting terminal as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, described key frame insert module further comprises:
Module is measured in the second level, and when the described first order was measured quantity that module counts greater than first threshold, the described second level was measured module and calculated present frame and the histogram of previous frame video image on the Y component thereof respectively; And described two histogrammic differences, and with the change degree of described difference as adjacent two frame video images.
9. as each described video transmission transmitting terminal of claim 6 to 8, it is characterized in that described transmitting terminal also comprises:
The key frame that is used for the information of obtaining from described video encoding module is forced insert module, and when detecting when not inserting key frame in the frame number that second preset value is set, the instruction video coding module is encoded to key frame with present frame.
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| CNA2006101381383A CN101184226A (en) | 2006-11-14 | 2006-11-14 | Method and device of inserting video key frame |
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| CN103093458A (en) * | 2012-12-31 | 2013-05-08 | 清华大学 | Detecting method and detecting device for key frame |
| CN103533356A (en) * | 2013-10-10 | 2014-01-22 | 深圳市智美达科技有限公司 | Video data transmission method and device |
| CN104284240A (en) * | 2014-09-17 | 2015-01-14 | 小米科技有限责任公司 | Video browsing method and device |
| CN104349169A (en) * | 2013-08-09 | 2015-02-11 | 联想(北京)有限公司 | Image processing method and electronic equipment |
| CN104469251A (en) * | 2013-09-23 | 2015-03-25 | 联想(北京)有限公司 | Image acquisition method and electronic equipment |
| CN104869403A (en) * | 2015-05-18 | 2015-08-26 | 中国传媒大学 | Shot segmentation method based on X264 compressed video |
| CN105072439A (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2015-11-18 | 珠海市杰理科技有限公司 | Method and device for inserting key frame in video encoding |
| CN105306942A (en) * | 2015-10-19 | 2016-02-03 | 上海增容数据科技有限公司 | Encoding method, device and system for video encoder |
| CN105611252A (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2016-05-25 | 浙江大华技术股份有限公司 | Video recording method and device |
| CN106789555A (en) * | 2016-11-25 | 2017-05-31 | 努比亚技术有限公司 | Method of transmitting video data and device |
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| CN103093458A (en) * | 2012-12-31 | 2013-05-08 | 清华大学 | Detecting method and detecting device for key frame |
| CN104349169A (en) * | 2013-08-09 | 2015-02-11 | 联想(北京)有限公司 | Image processing method and electronic equipment |
| CN104469251A (en) * | 2013-09-23 | 2015-03-25 | 联想(北京)有限公司 | Image acquisition method and electronic equipment |
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| CN103533356A (en) * | 2013-10-10 | 2014-01-22 | 深圳市智美达科技有限公司 | Video data transmission method and device |
| US9799376B2 (en) | 2014-09-17 | 2017-10-24 | Xiaomi Inc. | Method and device for video browsing based on keyframe |
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| CN104284240B (en) * | 2014-09-17 | 2018-02-02 | 小米科技有限责任公司 | Video browsing approach and device |
| CN104869403A (en) * | 2015-05-18 | 2015-08-26 | 中国传媒大学 | Shot segmentation method based on X264 compressed video |
| CN104869403B (en) * | 2015-05-18 | 2018-06-12 | 中国传媒大学 | A kind of shot segmentation method based on X264 compression videos |
| CN105072439A (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2015-11-18 | 珠海市杰理科技有限公司 | Method and device for inserting key frame in video encoding |
| CN105306942A (en) * | 2015-10-19 | 2016-02-03 | 上海增容数据科技有限公司 | Encoding method, device and system for video encoder |
| CN105611252A (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2016-05-25 | 浙江大华技术股份有限公司 | Video recording method and device |
| CN106789555A (en) * | 2016-11-25 | 2017-05-31 | 努比亚技术有限公司 | Method of transmitting video data and device |
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| CN113302915A (en) * | 2019-01-14 | 2021-08-24 | 杜比实验室特许公司 | Sharing a physical writing surface in a video conference |
| CN112073597A (en) * | 2020-08-14 | 2020-12-11 | 北京三快在线科技有限公司 | Visual stability detection method, device, equipment and storage medium |
| CN116071901A (en) * | 2023-03-27 | 2023-05-05 | 山东金宇信息科技集团有限公司 | Multi-element monitoring and early warning method, equipment and medium for machine room environment |
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