CN101183383A - Snapshot system and method of use thereof - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a snapshot system, comprising an equipment managing tool set, a snapshot realization module and a physical device. The invention is characterized in that the snapshot realization module comprises a snapshot mechanism layer used for data research and time point management, and a physical resource management layer used for distribution and recovery management of the physical device; the snapshot mechanism layer comprises at least one snapshot group, and different snapshot groups can employ different snapshot technologies; the physical resource management layer comprises a metadata equipment and a data equipment corresponding with the snapshot group. The invention has an advantage that the invention can support two snapshot technologies of COW and ROW, thus users can flexibly select one snapshot technology depending on actual demands.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the data protection field, is a kind of fast photographic system and using method thereof.
Background technology
Snapshot is the static set that source data is generated, and it has obtained widespread use in fields such as data backup, data minings.Snapshot can be divided into according to different realization technology: separation mirror (SplitMirror), Copy on write (COW:Copy On Write), be redirected (ROW:Redirect onWrite) when writing and write (WA:Write Anywhere) everywhere.The back three types of technology is the snapping technique of main flow at present, and wherein ROW and WA technology basically identical are just different at the tissue of data.ROW has adopted one to isolate with data space, is used to deposit the snapshot space of snapshot data, and when source data is upgraded, new data is written to snapshot space.WA does not reserve snapshot space, the shared same physical space of snapshot data and source data, mixed storage.Different snapshots is realized technology, and under different application load, performance difference is very big.For example: for application, use as Transaction Processing (OLTP) based on write operation, ROW with the WA snapping technique since its preferably write performance can obtain than COW snapping technique more performance.And for the application based on read operation, use as decision support system (DSS) (DSS), the COW snapping technique has more performance, this is because the COW snapping technique is not upset the succession of source data, performance is not subjected to the influence of snapshot when reading source data, and ROW and WA snapping technique can cause source data to disperse, and upsets the succession of source data, when read operation, may face a large amount of union operations of reading, cause performance lower.
Existing snapshot product and prototype system are to design at application-specific, in some specific snapshot products or prototype system, adopt monotechnics to realize usually, for example, IBM ESS FlashCopy has only adopted the COW technology, and the Clotho system of University of Toronto has then adopted the WA technology.These systems have good working performance at application-specific.But along with the widespread use of service assembly and virtual storage system, the application model generation marked change of storage.The application concurrent running of number of different types is on same storage platform, and a fast photographic system only adopts a kind of snapshot realization technology to bring the defective that the snapshot operation implementation efficiency is low, system performance is not good possibly in the prior art.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, it is single to the objective of the invention is to overcome the snapping technique that existing snapshot product adopted, and does not have the defective of versatility, thereby a kind of fast photographic system that can support COW and two kinds of snapping techniques of ROW simultaneously is provided.
To achieve these goals, the invention provides a kind of fast photographic system, comprise equipment management tool collection, snapshot realization module and physical equipment; It is characterized in that, described snapshot realizes that module comprises the snapshot mechanism layer that is used for data search and time point management, and be used for described physical equipment is distributed physical resource management layer with retrieval management, include at least one snapshot group in the described snapshot mechanism layer, different snapshot groups can adopt different snapping techniques; Include in the described physical resource management layer and described snapshot group metadata corresponding equipment and data equipment.
In the technique scheme, in described snapshot group, the snapping technique that is adopted is Copy on write technology or redirecting technique when writing.
In the technique scheme, deposit metadata in the described metadata equipment, described metadata is used for the deposit position of data on described data equipment of the snapshot version of the increment of designation data and described snapshot group; Described metadata adopts the form of bitmap or mapping table to carry out record.
In the technique scheme, described bitmap adopts multistage structure to divide, and the value of a certain position of upper level bitmap is 1 to be used for representing that corresponding next stage bitmap existence value is 1 position, if 0, not having value in the next stage bitmap of then expression correspondence is 1 position; On first degree bitmap, the value of a certain position is 1 to be used to represent that the data on the corresponding data piece change, if 0, then the data on the corresponding data piece do not change.
In the technique scheme, all snapshot groups adopt identical internal storage structure, have four pointers: comprise the physical equipment r0 that need visit when being used for corresponding read operation, r1 pointer, and w0, the w1 pointer of the physical equipment that need visit when being used for corresponding write operation.
In the technique scheme, in the described snapshot group, corresponding Snapshot Devices is arranged, adopt chain structure to organize between the Snapshot Devices of each time point at the regular hour point.
The present invention also provides a kind of using method to described fast photographic system, may further comprise the steps:
Step 1), user create the order of snapshot by described equipment management tool collection issue, and determine to select which kind of snapping technique to create snapshot in described order;
Step 2), described snapshot realizes that the snapshot mechanism layer in the module creates snapshot according to selected snapping technique in the step 1);
Step 3), according to user's demand, to complying relevant operation soon, described operation comprises the reading and writing of snapshot and deletion.
In the technique scheme, in described step 2) in, described establishment snapshot also comprises the following steps:
Step 2-1-1), create a source device, all snapshots of described source device are concerned that pointer all points to the physical equipment of source device;
Step 2-1-2), create snapshot, and in snapshot collection chained list, insert the snapshot of being created at follow-up time point.
In the technique scheme, if adopt the Copy on write technology when creating snapshot, then described when in snapshot collection chained list, inserting the snapshot of being created, the new Snapshot Devices of creating of w0 pointed with described source device, the described source device of r0 pointed with the Snapshot Devices newly created, if life period point Snapshot Devices more early also in the described snapshot collection chained list, then will compare time point with the Snapshot Devices of new establishment more early and the Snapshot Devices of the new establishment of the r0 pointed of immediate Snapshot Devices of time.
In the technique scheme, if adopt redirecting technique when writing when creating snapshot, then described when in snapshot collection chained list, inserting the snapshot of being created, with the new Snapshot Devices of creating of the r0 pointed of described source device, more early and immediate Snapshot Devices of time with the r0 pointed time point of the Snapshot Devices of described new establishment; If not life period point Snapshot Devices more early, the then zero equipment of the r0 pointed of the Snapshot Devices of described new establishment in the described snapshot collection chained list.
In the technique scheme, in described step 3), the described data that read in the snapshot comprise reading of data in the source device and reading data in the Snapshot Devices.
In the technique scheme, described further comprising the steps of to reading of data in the source device:
Step 3-1-1), in described bitmap, inquire about corresponding position,, then directly read, and return the data value that is read,, then carry out next step if this value is 0 in this locality if this value is 1 according to the address of want reading of data;
Step 3-1-2), judge whether the data in the source device exist corresponding snapshot, if there is not snapshot, then return full remainder certificate, if there is snapshot, then read data request is transmitted, by reading of snapshot data finished described data read process according to snapshot collection chained list.
In the technique scheme, describedly judge when whether data in the source device exist corresponding snapshot,, then do not have snapshot if the r0 pointed in the described source device is physical equipment; If the r0 pointed in the described source device is logical device, then there is snapshot.
In the technique scheme, when described snapshot adopted the Copy on write technology to create, step 3) was further comprising the steps of, is used for the data read to this snapshot:
Step 3-2-1), the physical equipment deposited according to the value specified data of bitmap, in deterministic process, travel through forward from the afterbody of snapshot collection chained list, if at a certain snapshot S
kOn bitmap values be 1, then at its last snapshot S
K-1Data equipment on reading of data, if bitmap values is 0, then read data request is forwarded on the last snapshot along snapshot collection chained list, be 1 snapshot until finding bitmap values;
Step 3-2-2), be 1 snapshot if in the snapshot of snapshot collection chained list, do not find bitmap values, read data request arrives source device, if the bitmap values of source device is 1 o'clock, with the data equipment of the adjacent snapshot of source device on reading of data, otherwise on the data equipment in source reading of data;
When redirecting technique was created when described snapshot employing is write, step 3) was further comprising the steps of, is used for the data read to this snapshot:
The physical equipment of depositing according to the value specified data of bitmap at first, reading of data from the stored physical equipment of data then; Wherein, when the physical equipment that specified data is deposited, travel through forward, if at a certain snapshot S from the afterbody of snapshot collection chained list
kOn bitmap values be 1, then on the data equipment of this locality, read, and return corresponding data, if bitmap values is 0, judge then whether current snapshot is the oldest snapshot in the snapshot collection chained list, whether is the snapshot of snapshot chained list tail end promptly, if, then return entirely 0, otherwise read data request is forwarded in the last snapshot in the snapshot chained list.
In the technique scheme,, further comprising the steps of in described step 3) if in snapshot, finish data writing operation:
At first, the physical equipment of depositing according to the value specified data of bitmap; In determined physical equipment, write data then.
In the technique scheme, when described snapshot adopted the Copy on write technology to create, step 3) was further comprising the steps of, is used for writing snapshot data:
Bitmap values is judged, if bitmap values is 1, in the physical equipment in the source of then writing direct; If bitmap values is 0, then after finishing the Copy on write operation, write again in the physical equipment in source.
In the technique scheme, when redirecting technique was created when described snapshot employing is write, step 3) was further comprising the steps of, is used for writing snapshot data:
Bitmap values is judged, if bitmap values is 1, in the physical equipment in the source of then writing direct; If bitmap values is 0, after merging, the data of carrying out data block write again in the physical equipment in source.
In the technique scheme, in described step 3), when described snapshot adopts the Copy on write technology, in the process of deletion snapshot, can only delete time point snapshot the earliest.
In the technique scheme, in described step 3), when described snapshot adopts when writing redirecting technique, to delete comply deletion action soon before, merge deleting the data that snapshot will trigger.
In the technique scheme, described data merging may further comprise the steps:
Step 3-3-1), read the corresponding position of each data block in bitmap among the Snapshot Devices S2 successively;
Wherein, S2 is the adjacent Snapshot Devices of the Snapshot Devices S1 that will delete;
Step 3-3-2), the corresponding bitmap bits of bitmap bits among the Snapshot Devices S2 and Snapshot Devices S1 is made up, can obtain four kinds of situations:
S2 S1
a、0 0
b、0 1
c、1 0
d、1 1
When the bitmap bits of S2 was 1, expression had new data to write, and therefore only need be that 1 data block copy returns on the data equipment of S1 with the bitmap bits of S2 when data merge;
Step 3-3-3), carry out data travelling backwards operation, with the copying data in the data equipment of S2 to the data equipment of S1;
Step 3-3-4), after the data travelling backwards finishes, the bitmap corresponding positions of putting S2 is 0;
Step 3-3-5) if all data blocks are handled end data union operation, otherwise re-execute step 3-3-1), continue to handle next data block.
The invention has the advantages that:
1, general fast photographic system of the present invention can be supported COW and two kinds of snapping techniques of ROW simultaneously, and the user can select according to the actual requirements neatly, supports for different application provides best.
2, the present invention provides and can write the snapshot support when supporting COW and ROW read-only materialized view equipment, has expanded the application of snapping technique in frontiers such as service arrangement, electronic classrooms.
3, the present invention has adopted the chain equipment institutional framework, on some concrete time points, data only need be preserved a on data equipment, do not increase with the snapshot number, and in the COW of hub-and-spoke configuration mode, the use of storage resources is linear increasing along with the increase of Snapshot Devices number, so the effective conserve storage of the present invention
4, the present invention has adopted chain equipment institutional framework and metadata equipment and data equipment isolating construction, has favorable expansibility on performance and capacity.
5, the present invention adopts autonomous device to deposit metadata, and headspace on data equipment has not been avoided the excessive or too small defective of headspace, and system scale is not subjected to the restriction of metadata trough capacity.
6, the present invention adopts autonomous device to deposit metadata, and feasible operation to metadata can not cause the magnetic head shake of data equipment visit, does not influence the performance of user data visit.
7, the present invention has adopted three grades of bitmap internal storage structures when storing metadata, and the operation that swaps out of changing to of third level bitmap is provided, and is keeping metadata operation to take less memory source efficiently simultaneously.
8, the present invention has adopted the chain type tissue, only relates to two data equipment when reading and writing data, and performance does not reduce with the increase of snapshot quantity.
Description of drawings
Below, describe embodiments of the invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in detail, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the organization chart of fast photographic system of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the building-block of logic of fast photographic system of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the Snapshot Devices graph of a relation that adopts the COW technology in the fast photographic system of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the Snapshot Devices graph of a relation that adopts the ROW technology in the fast photographic system of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the synoptic diagram of the tertiary structure bitmap that adopted in the fast photographic system of the present invention;
Fig. 6 adopts the COW technology to create the synoptic diagram of snapshot in the fast photographic system of the present invention;
Fig. 7 adopts the ROW technology to create the synoptic diagram of snapshot in the fast photographic system of the present invention;
When Fig. 8 adopted the ROW technology to create snapshot for fast photographic system of the present invention in one embodiment, the respective change of metadata and data concerned synoptic diagram;
When Fig. 9 adopted the COW technology to create snapshot for fast photographic system of the present invention in one embodiment, the respective change of metadata and data concerned synoptic diagram;
Figure 10 is the synoptic diagram of the using method of fast photographic system of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments fast photographic system of the present invention is described.
Before the present invention is described in detail, the at first explanation that the definition of part noun related among the present invention is correlated with:
Logical device: the equipment of creating out by fast photographic system of the present invention is called logical device, is divided into two kinds of Snapshot Devices and source devices.
Physical equipment: the employed underlying device of logical device, the equipment that is used for store data is called physical equipment.
Metadata equipment: the physical equipment of depositing metadata is called metadata equipment.
Data equipment: the physical equipment of depositing user data is called data equipment
Zero equipment: be a virtual unit, return remainder certificate when reading.
The minimum particle size of data block: I/O request visit is generally the 4K byte.
Snapshot group a: source device and the one group of equipment that constitutes from the derivative a plurality of Snapshot Devices of this source device
After the above-mentioned vocabulary of obscuring easily in to the present invention describes, below related correlation method in general fast photographic system of the present invention and this system is described.
General fast photographic system of the present invention is a kind of fast photographic system of device level, and this fast photographic system can be supported the snapping technique of Copy on write (COW) simultaneously and be redirected the snapping technique of (ROW) when writing.As shown in Figure 2, a complete general fast photographic system comprises equipment management tool collection, snapshot realization module and physical equipment.Wherein, the equipment management tool collection is positioned at the top of described general fast photographic system, it is the interactive interface between system and user, described snapshot realizes that module is positioned at following one deck of equipment management tool collection, the nucleus module that belongs to system, be used to realize the various operations to snapshot, physical equipment is the bottom of general fast photographic system of the present invention, is used to store the various data relevant with snapshot.Respectively their composition and function is described further below.
The equipment management tool collection is made up of one group of user program, and the management function of establishment/deletion/modification Snapshot Devices is provided.General fast photographic system of the present invention need be selected adopting which kind of snapping technique to create snapshot when creating snapshot, and this selection course is also realized by the equipment management tool collection.There is similarity in the realization of the corresponding function module of existing fast photographic system in the specific implementation of equipment management tool collection and the prior art, therefore, does not do duplicate explanation in the present invention.
Snapshot realizes that module is the main part of general fast photographic system.Two-layer from being divided in logic: snapshot mechanism layer and physical resource management layer.The snapshot mechanism layer provides the relation between Snapshot Devices, is used for the management of data search and time point.The physical resource management layer provides the distribution and the retrieval management of lower floor's physical space.Composition and function to snapshot mechanism layer and physical resource management layer describes respectively below.
The snapshot mechanism layer includes a plurality of snapshot groups, and the snapping technique that is adopted in snapshot group is identical, then can use different snapping techniques between different snapshot groups.In the present invention promptly, snapshot group can only be selected a kind of in COW and the ROW snapshot realization technology, but the snapshot between different snapshot groups realizes that technology then needn't be identical.
In a snapshot group, distinguish according to time point between a plurality of Snapshot Devices, adopt incremental mode and series system to organize between each Snapshot Devices.Relation between source device and Snapshot Devices in the snapshot group has been described in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4.Fig. 3 has represented under COW snapshot realization technology, the relation between source device and Snapshot Devices.Fig. 4 has then represented under ROW snapshot realization technology, the relation between source device and Snapshot Devices.In the ROW equipment group, the equipment room dependence is pointed to the Snapshot Devices of creating the earliest successively by source device, and is just in time opposite in COW equipment group, and dependence is pointed to source device by the Snapshot Devices of creating the earliest.
Though in above-mentioned snapshot group, the snapshot group may adopt the COW technology, also may adopt ROW, in realization for simplified design, integrate COW and two kinds of different technologies of ROW, the present invention has adopted the universal memory structure of four pointers.In Fig. 6, the universal memory structure of four pointers is illustrated, wherein, r0, the physical equipment that need visit during the corresponding read operation of r1 pointer, w0, the physical equipment that need visit during the corresponding write operation of w1.
The snapshot that general fast photographic system of the present invention provided can be divided into read-only according to type and can write snapshot.Snapshot generally speaking is read-only, and source device constitutes a chain structure with the read-only materialized view of creating in the different moment, and source device is at begin chain, and as root node, the time, Snapshot Devices the earliest was at last-of-chain.Each Snapshot Devices is recorded in the incremental data that adjacent snapshot time point changes, and using for data version management provides the different editions of a plurality of time points of data on the source book.Under some application-specific, native system also provides can write snapshot, and it obtains a writable replica of read-only materialized view by creating a brand-new Snapshot Devices for read-only materialized view, realizes writing of read-only materialized view.For read-only materialized view created can write snapshot after, read-only materialized view originally externally still as seen, the snapshot of creating for read-only materialized view write externally shows as a brand-new Snapshot Devices, it is equivalent to a new source device.Can create read-only materialized view again to writing snapshot, can write snapshot and its read-only materialized view and also constitute a chain.The write operation that can write snapshot is all write direct in the new Snapshot Devices.
When carrying out read operation, at first in the chain that can write the snapshot place, search data to writing snapshot, if search less than, then be forwarded in the read-only materialized view that it relied on and read.As Fig. 3, shown in 4, g0 is a snapshot group, wherein Snapshot Devices snap5 is done can write snapshot, has produced snap5 ' Snapshot Devices, continues snap5 ' is done read-only materialized view, forms g2 snapshot group.But snapshot group g2 is connected with snapshot group g0 by the parent pointer of its write device snap5 '.In like manner, the snap5 ' 2 among the snapshot group g2 done to write snapshot, finally form g3 snapshot group.When reading in the g2 group data in snap5 ' 1 equipment, at first search in the g2 group, also do not find desired data if find chain head apparatus snap5 ', the parent pointer that then passes through snap5 ' continues to search in the g0 group.Up to finding desired data.
The physical resource management layer provides the management of the employed physical equipment of logical device, comprises the opening of physical equipment, closes, adds, deletion and validity checking or the like.In a snapshot group, source device and Snapshot Devices all can be described as logical device, and a logical device is at corresponding two physical equipment of physical resource layer, and as shown in Figure 1, one of them physical equipment is a metadata equipment, and another is a data equipment.
On metadata equipment, the metadata that the management and the use of physical resources such as physical equipment identifies is stored.Specifically, described metadata is used for the increment of designation data and the deposit position of data on data equipment of snapshot version, and it has reflected the data map relation of snapshot version sometime.To each data block (Chunk) in the data equipment, corresponding item is all arranged in the metadata table of metadata equipment, be used to write down whether this data block was modified and the deposit position of this data block.In a metadata item, must comprise: information such as time, Data Position, data modification state.Metadata can adopt bitmap (bitmap), multiple record form such as mapping table.In the present embodiment, adopt the bitmap mode to write down metadata.When physical record, each logical device all has a bitmap, and each in the bitmap is represented the address realm of a data block size, and whole bitmap covers the logical space of Snapshot Devices, carries out the positioning action of user data by the value of corresponding positions in the bitmap.
The bitmap that is used for writing down metadata leaves metadata equipment in, considers the storage space and the access efficiency problem of metadata, can carry out multistage structure to bitmap and divide, and bitmap structure of being divided and the data block size in the data equipment have close getting in touch.In the present embodiment, the data block size is set at 4096 bytes, as shown in Figure 5, bitmap uses following tertiary structure: each in the first order bitmap is represented the logical space of 4T size, take 4k byte (1 page), in the bitmap of the second level each is represented the 128M address space, and each in the third level bitmap is represented the 4k address space.First order bitmap memory-resident, second and third grade employing changes to the mechanism of swapping out, and guarantees the less space hold of metadata.Pass between three grades of bitmaps is: if a certain position of first order bitmap is 1, represent to have in its corresponding secondary bitmap 1 to exist, similar, if having 1 to exist in the secondary bitmap, then representing has 1 to exist in three grades of bitmaps of its correspondence.By three grades of bitmap structures, can reduce the bitmap traversal time.
In general fast photographic system of the present invention, when data change between logical device, use metadata to reflect above-mentioned variation, promptly metadata has the function that can be used for the designation data increment.When adopting increment between the snapshot of two different time points of expression of metadata that the bitmap mode writes down, its concrete implication is as follows:
Bitmap values is 1: being illustrated between the time point of these two snapshots has write operation;
Bitmap values is 0: be illustrated between the time point of these two snapshots without any write operation.
Can realize reading by metadata to data in the logical device.But in general fast photographic system of the present invention, the snapshot realization technology that is adopted in the snapshot group can be a COW snapshot realization technology, also can be ROW snapshot realization technology.Therefore the metadata that adopts the bitmap mode to write down has specific separately implication in two kinds of snapshot realization technology, when utilizing metadata to realize the reading of data, it is inner semantic different.Related herein different inside semanteme has detailed relating to when utilizing general fast photographic system of the present invention to carry out reading of the establishment of snapshot, deletion and snapshot data, will be described in detail hereinafter.
After the structure of general fast photographic system of the present invention carried out above-mentioned explanation, the using method of general fast photographic system of the present invention is described further, may further comprise the steps:
Snapshot mechanism layer in step 2, the described snapshot realization module is created snapshot according to selected snapping technique in the step 1;
In above-mentioned step, involved snapshot creation, snapshot data reads, snapshot data write and the deletion of snapshot all may exist difference owing to the difference of snapping technique, describe respectively below.
ROW class snapshot creation process as shown in Figure 7, when active equipment existed, its physical equipment that uses was physical equipment 1, after creating snapshot, give source device with the physical equipment 2 that is assigned to Snapshot Devices and use, and the physical equipment 1 that source device uses is given the Snapshot Devices use.
In the ROW pattern, during owing to the establishment snapshot, metadata equipment is exchanged with data equipment, and the incremental data on 1 in bitmap and the data equipment has one-to-one relationship.When visit was put snapshot data sometime, the value implication in its bitmap was as follows:
Bitmap values is 1: the data of representing the data block corresponding with corresponding positions just leave on the data equipment of this snapshot.
Bitmap values is 0: the data of representing the data block corresponding with corresponding positions are not on the data equipment of this snapshot.
As shown in Figure 8, the bitmap of ROW and Data Position are one to one, and bitmap is 1, and the expression data are that 0 needs is searched backward on this equipment.For example, in Fig. 8, the A data of reading state 6, then must find the s1 time point backward could the specified data position.
COW class snapshot creation process in COW pattern constructive process, only exchanges metadata equipment as shown in Figure 6, and data equipment does not exchange.Dependence is different with the ROW mode between each logical device of equipment group.For example, the corresponding physical equipment 1 of source device, after creating snapshot, the still corresponding physical equipment 1 of source device, the then corresponding physical equipment 2 of snapshot s1.
In the COW pattern, writing of taking place behind the snapshot creation can cause the COW process, with copying data in snapshot.Therefore, before not carrying out COW, 1 of Snapshot Devices metadata can not be represented deposit data on the data equipment of snapshot, and at this moment, 1 shows and at that time corresponding data block produced the COW operation.In conjunction with Fig. 6, the Data Position in the COW pattern is determined that method does following explanation:
When reading snapshot S1, read the bitmap of snapshot S2 of its a back time point, if the value of this bitmap is 1, the deposit data of expression corresponding data piece is on the data equipment of snapshot S1; If bitmap values is 0, then along chain sternward the snapshot of time point continue to search, if run into snapshot S
kBitmap values be 1, the deposit data of then representing respective data blocks is at snapshot S
K-1Data equipment on; If run into source device in search procedure, and the bitmap values of source device is 1 o'clock, and the deposit data of then representing data block is on the data equipment of the adjacent snapshot of source device; If the bitmap values of source device is 0, the deposit data of then representing data block is on the data equipment in source.
As shown in Figure 9,1 state has been created the s1 Snapshot Devices after having write four of ABCD in the source, and this moment, s1 held the bitmap of source at the s0 state, the bitmap zero clearing in source.When state 2, write 1,3, can trigger the COW operation this moment, copy data to the s1 Snapshot Devices from source device.The bitmap corresponding positions set in source, the bitmap of snapshot is constant.When state 4, write the source 2,3, trigger the COW operation this moment, copy data to the s2 Snapshot Devices from source device, and the like.When reading s1 time point data, need search forward, such as when the state 6, read the D data, then need to find forward the position that s3 equipment could final specified data.
Metadata store can leave on the same physical medium with data in physical equipment the time, realizes mixed storage, also can leave in independently on the physical equipment, isolates with the physical medium at data place.In the present embodiment, consider efficient and scaling concern, finally adopted the scheme of separate metadata equipment.
After the basic composition to general fast photographic system of the present invention described, processes such as snapshot, deletion snapshot, reading of data, data migtation that fast photographic system is created described.
Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 are the respective description to the snapshot creation flow process, and Fig. 6 wherein adopts COW snapshot realization technology to create the flow process of snapshot, and Fig. 7 adopts ROW snapshot realization technology to create the flow process of snapshot.
In Fig. 6, all have four snapshots to concern pointer in Snapshot Devices and the source device, point to the physical equipment that its read-write operation need be visited respectively, and write down between the snapshot, the dependence between snapshot and the source device.The constructive process of snapshot is as follows in the COW pattern: at first create a source device, when creating, all snapshots of source device concerns that pointer all points to the physical equipment of source device, at this moment an active equipment itself in the snapshot chained list; Create first snapshot at next time point then, insert in the process of snapshot at the snapshot chained list, revise the w0 pointed snapshot of source device, and the r0 pointed source of snapshot, if the snapshot of being created is a read-only materialized view, then needing the w0 of snapshot and w1 apparatus modifications is null pointer; When creating second snapshot for source device, when in chained list, inserting Snapshot Devices 2, revise the w0 pointed Snapshot Devices 2 of source device, the r0 pointed source of Snapshot Devices 2, the r0 pointed Snapshot Devices 2 of Snapshot Devices 1, if this snapshot is a read-only materialized view, needing the w0 of Snapshot Devices 2 and w1 apparatus modifications equally is null pointer.By above-mentioned flow process, set up the dependence between each different time points Snapshot Devices.
The snapshot creation process of Fig. 7 and Fig. 6 is similar, and is just different when four pointed.In the ROW mode, the r0 pointed Snapshot Devices of source device, Snapshot Devices is the opposite sense source device not.When a plurality of Snapshot Devices was arranged, the snapshot chain of ROW was that the snapshot by up-to-date time point points to the oldest time point snapshot successively, and as shown in Figure 7, s1 is the Snapshot Devices of creating the earliest, and its time point is the oldest, and s2 be the snapshot of last establishment, and its time point is up-to-date.The snapshot chain points to s2 successively by source device, and s1 equipment is just in time opposite with the COW mode.
When the data in the general fast photographic system are read, can be divided into reading of data in the source device and reading to data in the Snapshot Devices.
When reading in the source device data, no matter be COW pattern or ROW pattern, their flow processs when reading of data are identical, may further comprise the steps:
Steps A 1, in bitmap, inquire about corresponding position,, then directly read, and return the data value that is read,, then carry out next step if this value is 0 in this locality if this value is 1 according to the address of want reading of data;
Steps A 2, judge whether the data in the source device exist corresponding snapshot, and evaluation algorithm is:, then do not have snapshot if the r0 pointed is physical equipment; If then there is snapshot in logical device.If there is not snapshot, then return full remainder certificate, if there is snapshot, then read data request is transmitted according to the snapshot chain, enter the flow process that reads of snapshot data.
In reading the process of snapshot data, the difference according to snapshot realization technology exists evident difference when reading, describe respectively below.
Under the COW pattern, the process that reads snapshot data is as follows:
Step B1, the physical equipment of depositing according to the value specified data of bitmap; Evaluation algorithm is: travel through forward from the afterbody of snapshot chained list, if at a certain snapshot S
kOn bitmap values be 1, then at its last snapshot S
K-1Data equipment on reading of data, if bitmap values is 0, then read data request is forwarded on the last snapshot along the snapshot chained list, be 1 snapshot until finding bitmap values;
Step B2, not find bitmap values in the snapshot of snapshot chained list be 1 snapshot, read data request arrives source device, if the bitmap values of source device is 1 o'clock, with the data equipment of the adjacent snapshot of source device on reading of data, otherwise on the data equipment in source reading of data.The specific implementation of this step can be referring to above to the explanation of Fig. 9.
Under the ROW pattern, the process that reads snapshot data is as follows:
The physical equipment of depositing according to the value specified data of bitmap, reading of data from the stored physical equipment of data then.Under the ROW pattern, the evaluation algorithm of specified data deposit position is: travel through forward from the afterbody of snapshot chained list, if at a certain snapshot S
kOn bitmap values be 1, then on the data equipment of this locality, read, and return corresponding data, if bitmap values is 0, judge then whether current snapshot is the oldest snapshot in the snapshot chained list, whether is the snapshot of snapshot chained list tail end promptly, if, then return entirely 0, otherwise read data request is forwarded in the last snapshot in the snapshot chained list.The specific implementation of this step can be referring to above to the explanation of Fig. 8.
The source is being carried out in the data writing operation process, and the difference according to snapshot realization technology also exists difference when write data, describe respectively below.
Under the COW pattern, the flow process of write data is as follows:
Step a1, the physical equipment of depositing according to the value specified data of bitmap;
Step a2, write data according to the determined physical equipment of step a1.
Concrete implementation method is: if bitmap values is 1, in the physical equipment in the source of then writing direct; If bitmap values is 0, finish writing again in the physical equipment in source after COW operates.
Under the ROW pattern, the flow process of write data is as follows:
Step b1, the physical equipment of depositing according to the value specified data of bitmap;
Step b2, write data according to the determined physical equipment of step b1.
Concrete implementation method is: if bitmap values is 1, in the physical equipment in the source of then writing direct; If bitmap values is 0, after merging, the data of carrying out data block write again in the physical equipment in source.
Same, in general fast photographic system, also can exist difference owing to the difference of snapping technique to the deletion of snapshot, below the branch situation delete procedure of snapshot is described.
In the COW mode, when existing a plurality of time during snapshot, be simplified design and realization, we can only delete the oldest time point snapshot at regulation, avoid the data migtation operation.
And in the ROW mode, exist the new demand of creating snapshot of deletion, and by the relation of Fig. 7 as can be seen, the different time points snapshot exists dependence, and data at the same time may be distributed on the different physical equipments, so data need be merged.With Fig. 7 is example, and the data merging method that is triggered during to the deletion Snapshot Devices describes.
In Fig. 7, S1 and S2 suppose to delete Snapshot Devices S1 for the Snapshot Devices of two time points of next-door neighbour, and concrete data merging process comprises:
Step 20, the corresponding bitmap bits of bitmap bits among the Snapshot Devices S2 and Snapshot Devices S1 is made up, can obtain four kinds of situations:
S2 S1
a、0 0
b、0 1
c、1 0
d、1 1
How therefore when the bitmap bits of S2 was 1, expression had new data to write, and only need be that 1 data block copy returns on the data equipment of S1 with the bitmap bits of S2 when data merge, and no matter the bitmap bits of S1 is a value.This copy procedure is called data travelling backwards operation.
Step 30, execution data travelling backwards operation are by the data equipment of the copying data in the data equipment of S2 to S1.
After step 40, migration finished, the bitmap corresponding positions of putting S2 was 0;
If all data blocks of step 50 are handled, carry out next step; Otherwise re-execute step 10, continue to handle next data block.
Step 60, two logical device are locked, change the value of bitmap and r1 pointer simultaneously, both physical equipment is exchanged.
Step 70, the shared internal memory of the deleted equipment of release, resources such as physical equipment.
It should be noted last that above embodiment is only unrestricted in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described.Although the present invention is had been described in detail with reference to embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that, technical scheme of the present invention is made amendment or is equal to replacement, do not break away from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the middle of the claim scope of the present invention.
Claims (20)
1. a fast photographic system comprises equipment management tool collection, snapshot realization module and physical equipment; It is characterized in that, described snapshot realizes that module comprises the snapshot mechanism layer that is used for data search and time point management, and be used for described physical equipment is distributed physical resource management layer with retrieval management, include at least one snapshot group in the described snapshot mechanism layer, different snapshot groups can adopt different snapping techniques; Include in the described physical resource management layer and described snapshot group metadata corresponding equipment and data equipment.
2. fast photographic system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in described snapshot group, the snapping technique that is adopted is Copy on write technology or redirecting technique when writing.
3. fast photographic system according to claim 2 is characterized in that, deposits metadata in the described metadata equipment, and described metadata is used for the deposit position of data on described data equipment of the snapshot version of the increment of designation data and described snapshot group; Described metadata adopts the form of bitmap or mapping table to carry out record.
4. fast photographic system according to claim 3, it is characterized in that described bitmap adopts multistage structure to divide, the value of a certain position of upper level bitmap is 1 to be used for representing that corresponding next stage bitmap existence value is 1 position, if 0, then not having value in the corresponding next stage bitmap of expression is 1 position; On first degree bitmap, the value of a certain position is 1 to be used to represent that the data on the corresponding data piece change, if 0, then the data on the corresponding data piece do not change.
5. fast photographic system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, all snapshot groups adopt identical internal storage structure, have four pointers: comprise the physical equipment r0 that need visit when being used for corresponding read operation, r1 pointer, and w0, the w1 pointer of the physical equipment that need visit when being used for corresponding write operation.
6. fast photographic system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in the described snapshot group, at the regular hour point corresponding Snapshot Devices is arranged, and adopts chain structure to organize between the Snapshot Devices of each time point.
7. using method to the described fast photographic system of claim 1-6 may further comprise the steps:
Step 1), user create the order of snapshot by described equipment management tool collection issue, and determine to select which kind of snapping technique to create snapshot in described order;
Step 2), described snapshot realizes that the snapshot mechanism layer in the module creates snapshot according to selected snapping technique in the step 1);
Step 3), according to user's demand, to complying relevant operation soon, described operation comprises the reading and writing of snapshot and deletion.
8. the using method of fast photographic system according to claim 7 is characterized in that, in described step 2) in, described establishment snapshot also comprises the following steps:
Step 2-1-1), create a source device, all snapshots of described source device are concerned that pointer all points to the physical equipment of source device;
Step 2-1-2), create snapshot, and in snapshot collection chained list, insert the snapshot of being created at follow-up time point.
9. the using method of fast photographic system according to claim 8, it is characterized in that, if adopt the Copy on write technology when creating snapshot, then described when in snapshot collection chained list, inserting the snapshot of being created, the new Snapshot Devices of creating of w0 pointed with described source device, the described source device of r0 pointed with the Snapshot Devices newly created, if life period point Snapshot Devices more early also in the described snapshot collection chained list, then will compare time point with the Snapshot Devices of new establishment more early and the Snapshot Devices of the new establishment of the r0 pointed of immediate Snapshot Devices of time.
10. the using method of fast photographic system according to claim 8, it is characterized in that, if adopt redirecting technique when writing when creating snapshot, then described when in snapshot collection chained list, inserting the snapshot of being created, with the new Snapshot Devices of creating of the r0 pointed of described source device, more early and immediate Snapshot Devices of time with the r0 pointed time point of the Snapshot Devices of described new establishment; If not life period point Snapshot Devices more early, the then zero equipment of the r0 pointed of the Snapshot Devices of described new establishment in the described snapshot collection chained list.
11. the using method of fast photographic system according to claim 7 is characterized in that, in described step 3), the described data that read in the snapshot comprise reading of data in the source device and reading data in the Snapshot Devices.
12. the using method of fast photographic system according to claim 11 is characterized in that, and is described further comprising the steps of to reading of data in the source device:
Step 3-1-1), in described bitmap, inquire about corresponding position,, then directly read, and return the data value that is read,, then carry out next step if this value is 0 in this locality if this value is 1 according to the address of want reading of data;
Step 3-1-2), judge whether the data in the source device exist corresponding snapshot, if there is not snapshot, then return full remainder certificate, if there is snapshot, then read data request is transmitted, by reading of snapshot data finished described data read process according to snapshot collection chained list.
13. the using method of fast photographic system according to claim 12 is characterized in that, describedly judges when whether data in the source device exist corresponding snapshot, if the r0 pointed in the described source device is physical equipment, does not then have snapshot; If the r0 pointed in the described source device is logical device, then there is snapshot.
14. the using method of fast photographic system according to claim 11 is characterized in that, when described snapshot adopted the Copy on write technology to create, step 3) was further comprising the steps of, is used for the data read to this snapshot:
Step 3-2-1), the physical equipment deposited according to the value specified data of bitmap, in deterministic process, travel through forward from the afterbody of snapshot collection chained list, if at a certain snapshot S
kOn bitmap values be 1, then at its last snapshot S
K-1Data equipment on reading of data, if bitmap values is 0, then read data request is forwarded on the last snapshot along snapshot collection chained list, be 1 snapshot until finding bitmap values;
Step 3-2-2), be 1 snapshot if in the snapshot of snapshot collection chained list, do not find bitmap values, read data request arrives source device, if the bitmap values of source device is 1 o'clock, with the data equipment of the adjacent snapshot of source device on reading of data, otherwise on the data equipment in source reading of data;
When redirecting technique was created when described snapshot employing is write, step 3) was further comprising the steps of, is used for the data read to this snapshot:
The physical equipment of depositing according to the value specified data of bitmap at first, reading of data from the stored physical equipment of data then; Wherein, when the physical equipment that specified data is deposited, travel through forward, if at a certain snapshot S from the afterbody of snapshot collection chained list
kOn bitmap values be 1, then on the data equipment of this locality, read, and return corresponding data, if bitmap values is 0, judge then whether current snapshot is the oldest snapshot in the snapshot collection chained list, whether is the snapshot of snapshot chained list tail end promptly, if, then return entirely 0, otherwise read data request is forwarded in the last snapshot in the snapshot chained list.
15. the using method of fast photographic system according to claim 7 is characterized in that, and is if finish data writing operation in snapshot, further comprising the steps of in described step 3):
At first, the physical equipment of depositing according to the value specified data of bitmap; In determined physical equipment, write data then.
16. the using method of fast photographic system according to claim 15 is characterized in that, when described snapshot adopted the Copy on write technology to create, step 3) was further comprising the steps of, is used for writing snapshot data:
Bitmap values is judged, if bitmap values is 1, in the physical equipment in the source of then writing direct; If bitmap values is 0, then after finishing the Copy on write operation, write again in the physical equipment in source.
17. the using method of fast photographic system according to claim 15 is characterized in that, when redirecting technique was created when described snapshot employing is write, step 3) was further comprising the steps of, is used for writing snapshot data:
Bitmap values is judged, if bitmap values is 1, in the physical equipment in the source of then writing direct; If bitmap values is 0, after merging, the data of carrying out data block write again in the physical equipment in source.
18. the using method of fast photographic system according to claim 7 is characterized in that, in described step 3), when described snapshot adopts the Copy on write technology, in the process of deletion snapshot, can only delete time point snapshot the earliest.
19. the using method of fast photographic system according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, in described step 3), when described snapshot adopts when writing redirecting technique, to to delete comply deletion action soon before, the deletion snapshot data that will trigger are merged.
20. the using method of fast photographic system according to claim 19 is characterized in that, described data merging may further comprise the steps:
Step 3-3-1), read the corresponding position of each data block in bitmap among the Snapshot Devices S2 successively; Wherein, S2 is the adjacent Snapshot Devices of the Snapshot Devices S1 that will delete;
Step 3-3-2), the corresponding bitmap bits of bitmap bits among the Snapshot Devices S2 and Snapshot Devices S1 is made up, can obtain four kinds of situations:
S2 S1
a、0 0
b、0 1
c、1 0
d、1 1
When the bitmap bits of S2 was 1, expression had new data to write, and therefore only need be that 1 data block copy returns on the data equipment of S1 with the bitmap bits of S2 when data merge;
Step 3-3-3), carry out data travelling backwards operation, with the copying data in the data equipment of S2 to the data equipment of S1;
Step 3-3-4), after the data travelling backwards finishes, the bitmap corresponding positions of putting S2 is 0;
Step 3-3-5) if all data blocks are handled end data union operation, otherwise re-execute step 3-3-1), continue to handle next data block.
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| CN110781028A (en) * | 2018-07-30 | 2020-02-11 | 阿里巴巴集团控股有限公司 | Data backup method, data recovery method, data backup device, data recovery device and computing equipment |
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| CN109063210A (en) * | 2018-09-25 | 2018-12-21 | 郑州云海信息技术有限公司 | Resource object querying method, device, equipment and the storage medium of storage system |
| CN109063210B (en) * | 2018-09-25 | 2022-07-08 | 郑州云海信息技术有限公司 | Resource object query method, device, equipment and storage medium of storage system |
| CN109669818B (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2019-11-12 | 广州鼎甲计算机科技有限公司 | Continuous data protection method and system without local cache |
| CN109669818A (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2019-04-23 | 广州鼎甲计算机科技有限公司 | Continuous data protection method and system without local cache |
| CN110688071A (en) * | 2019-09-29 | 2020-01-14 | 上海英方软件股份有限公司 | Data synchronization method and system for reducing data synchronization quantity |
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| CN110795389A (en) * | 2019-10-28 | 2020-02-14 | 深信服科技股份有限公司 | Storage snapshot based copying method, user equipment, storage medium and device |
| CN113312309A (en) * | 2020-02-26 | 2021-08-27 | 顺丰科技有限公司 | Management method and device of snapshot chain and storage medium |
| CN113312309B (en) * | 2020-02-26 | 2023-06-09 | 顺丰科技有限公司 | Snapshot chain management method, device and storage medium |
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