CN101179581B - Method for performing media transmission using ICE relay candidate address - Google Patents
Method for performing media transmission using ICE relay candidate address Download PDFInfo
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- CN101179581B CN101179581B CN2007101794450A CN200710179445A CN101179581B CN 101179581 B CN101179581 B CN 101179581B CN 2007101794450 A CN2007101794450 A CN 2007101794450A CN 200710179445 A CN200710179445 A CN 200710179445A CN 101179581 B CN101179581 B CN 101179581B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for performing media transmission by adopting an ICE relay candidate address. The method comprises the following steps: a user-end proxy sends the Allocate request to a STUN server and receives the Allocate response carrying the relay candidate address, and then sends a Binding request carrying the self-defined CHANGED-TUPLE attribute which meets the international communications standard to the relay candidate address that the server allocates so that the STUN server replaces the internal quintuple which is originally generated by the Allocate request and contains the monitoring address of the STUN server by using the new quintuple of the Binding request including the source address containing the IP address and the port number, the destination address containing the IP address and the port number (namely, the relay candidate address to which the STUN server containing the IP address and the port number allocate) and the transmission protocol after receiving the Binding request with the CHANGED-TUPLE attribute. The method forwards the media stream without occupying the monitoring address of the STUN server, thus greatly enhancing the transmitting efficiency of the STUN server, improving the transfer efficiency of the media stream and reducing the transmission delay of the media.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of interactive method that the relaying candidate site crossing network address converter NAT that sets up ICE carries out media delivery that connects that adopts, belong to technical field of the computer network.
Background technology
Interactive connect that to set up ICE (Interactive Connectivity Establishment) be the solution NAT (Network Address Translator) that proposes of the IETF technical scheme of passing through in recent years.ICE is applicable to the agreement of any employing offer/answer model, and integrated STUN and two kinds of technology of TURN do not need that these two agreements are done any expansion and just can realize that Media Stream passes through all types of NAT.Therefore, ICE has become one of current research focus of IETF tissue.
In order to solve the NAT crossing problem, IETF organizes the straightforward procedure STUN (Simple Traversal of UDPThrough NAT) that once proposed ALG ALG (Application Layer Gateway), intermediate box communication MIDCOM (MiddleboxCommunications), UDP passing through NAT and uses trunking scheme passing through NAT (TURN, Traversal Using Relay NAT) multiple scheme such as, but, these technology cut both ways, and competence exertion function separately in the network of special topological structure only, so versatility is not strong.ICE is a kind of universal scheme, both realized passing through of the indeterminable symmetric form NAT of STUN, having solved the problem of the independent use huge consumption of resource that TURN brought again, can fully utilize the advantage of these two kinds of agreements and simplified, is a kind ofly to have the NAT of broad prospect of application to pass through scheme.
The main thought of ICE is to collect multiple candidate site before setting up the Media Stream channel, and according to algorithm of setting and the regular priority that provides these candidate sites, pass through a series of information interaction of communicating pair and detection of connectivity again, select best candidate finishes medium to the address communication.
But have following problem in the current mechanism of ICE: in symmetric form NAT environment, having only the relaying candidate is successful to the detection of connectivity of address.Consequently, the client of a side is used the relaying candidate site of STUN server (this server has the function of STUN and TURN server simultaneously) to receive and is sent medium, and the client of opposite side uses the listen address of STUN server to receive and dispatch the medium bag.Owing to taken the listen address of server, cause media transmission efficiency low, propagation delay time is big, and overall performance is poor.
Below, the process of using ICE to pass through symmetric form NAT is done concrete the introduction and analysis.
Simply introduce earlier the type of NAT, handle the mode that UDP wraps according to NAT, prior NAT can be divided into four types: complete pyramid type NAT (Full Cone NAT), the limited pyramid type NAT in address (Address Restricted Cone NAT), port restricted pyramid type NAT (Port Restricted ConeNAT) and symmetric form NAT (Symmetric NAT).The NAT of first three types is referred to as pyramid type NAT again, and the NAT map addresses is only relevant with source address, and the NAT map addresses of symmetric form NAT is then all relevant with source address and destination address, is the most difficult a kind of NAT type of passing through.
Because the restriction of symmetric form NAT is the strictest, the bag that send the address (IP address+port) of this outer net could be accepted in the address (IP address+port) of having only Intranet after the address of outer net (IP address+port) sends bag, all distribute a mapping address separately at every pair of source end/destination address on NAT.Therefore, symmetric form NAT is stronger for the filterability of bag, and fail safe is also higher, the attack that can stop the outer net main frame to be initiated to intranet host more effectively.But the mechanism that all need wear " hole " at NAT just because of this each connection makes that symmetric form NAT is difficult for passing through very much.
At symmetric form NAT, further analyze in existing ICE mechanism the problem that adopts the relaying candidate site to come media stream to bring below.(as follows to scheming Chinese and English abbreviation or identifier declaration earlier: " S " and " D " represents the source address and the destination address of request or response message respectively, " MAP " and " RELAY " be anti-body candidate site of representative server and relaying candidate site respectively, " L/R-PRIV " is the main frame candidate site of acting on behalf of L or R, " L/R-NAT-PUB i " acts on behalf of the public network address that L or R shine upon on NAT, sequence number i is a natural number." L/R-REL-PUB " is the relaying candidate site of acting on behalf of L or R, and " STUN-LISTEN " is the listen address of STUN server.)
The process of ICE at first is described: suppose to act on behalf of L and act on behalf of R that (this is the sign that is adopted according to the position relation of acting on behalf of in the flow chart by the flow chart of Fig. 1～Fig. 6, left and right two agencies are respectively to act on behalf of L and act on behalf of R and represent) all be positioned at symmetric form NAT after, the STUN server on the shared public network.Only analyzed the RTP situation in this example, the situation of RTCP is similar, no longer lists.When being nominated the address, the candidate adopts conventional nomination mode.The present idiographic flow that uses the ICE scheme to pass through symmetric form NAT is as follows:
(1) acts on behalf of L and collect candidate site (referring to Fig. 1): use the Allocate request for allocation of the extended method of STUN to realize this operation, after this send the offer that carries the L candidate site to acting on behalf of R;
After the STUN server is received the Allocate request, can be a relaying candidate site of this agent allocation " L-REL-PUB ", store source, destination address (comprising IP address and port numbers) and the host-host protocol of this request message simultaneously, be inside 5 tuples in the TURN mechanism, and should inside 5 tuples be designated as " interior L ".In the example of Fig. 1, " interior L " comprises IP address and the port numbers of the anti-body candidate site of the server of acting on behalf of L L-NAT-PUB1, IP address and the port numbers of the listen address STUN-LISTEN of STUN server, host-host protocol.The candidate site of acting on behalf of the L collection comprises: main frame candidate site " L-PRIV ", the anti-body candidate site of server " L-NAT-PUB1 " and relaying candidate site " L-REL-PUB ".Act on behalf of L and carry out after priority calculates, rank results from high to low is: L-PRIV, L-NAT-PUB1 and L-REL-PUB, this also is the order of recommending among the ICE.Then, acting on behalf of L can fill in these three addresses to send among the offer and act on behalf of R.
(2) act on behalf of R and receive the offer that acts on behalf of L after, trigger the process that it collects candidate site, and the candidate site of self listed in to send among the answer act on behalf of L (referring to Fig. 2):
The STUN server is after receiving the Allocate request of acting on behalf of R, can distribute a relaying candidate site " R-REL-PUB " to store inside 5 tuple information equally, source, destination address and the host-host protocol of i.e. this Allocate request, and this 5 tuple is designated as " interior R ", " interior R " comprises IP address and the port numbers of the anti-body candidate site of the server of acting on behalf of R R-NAT-PUB1, IP address and the port numbers of the listen address STUN-LISTEN of STUN server, host-host protocol.The candidate site of acting on behalf of the R collection comprises: main frame candidate site " R-PRIV ", the anti-body candidate site of server " R-NAT-PUB1 " and relaying candidate site " R-REL-PUB ".Through after the prioritization, the result who obtains from high to low is: R-PRIV, R-NAT-PUB1 and R-REL-PUB.Equally, acting on behalf of R fills in these candidate sites to send among the answer and acts on behalf of L.
(3) act on behalf of L and receive the answer that acts on behalf of R after, the binding Binding request by the STUN server begins to carry out the detection of connectivity (referring to Fig. 3) of candidate to the address:
When detecting the candidate to address (acting on behalf of the main frame candidate site L-PRIV and the main frame candidate site R-PRIV that acts on behalf of R of L), be privately owned address owing to act on behalf of the main frame candidate site R-PRIV of R, the NAT place that this detection wraps in the L end is dropped.In detecting the process of candidate to address (acting on behalf of the main frame candidate site L-PRIV and the anti-body candidate site of the server R-NAT-PUB1 that acts on behalf of R of L), though the NAT of L end that detected free clothing, but when arriving the symmetric form NAT of R end, only sent bag to the listen address of STUN server before this owing to act on behalf of R by the anti-body candidate site of server R-NAT-PUB1, so can only receive the bag that sends from the listen address of STUN server from the R-NAT-PUB1 address, the bag that sends over for other addresses (for example, sending to the bag of the NAT of R among Fig. 3 for the second time during detection of connectivity from the NAT that acts on behalf of L) is made discard processing.So, can be dropped when this detection wraps in the NAT that passes through the R side.
Therefore, the candidate detects successfully address (acting on behalf of the main frame candidate site L-PRIV and the relaying candidate site R-REL-PUB that acts on behalf of R of L).At first detect bag and act on behalf of the relaying candidate site R-REL-PUB of R by the NAT arrival destination of L end, this R-REL-PUB is that the STUN server-assignment is given the relaying candidate site of acting on behalf of R, after bag is received in this address, outside 5 tuple information corresponding have been formed with inner 5 tuples " interior R ", promptly the source of this Binding request message, destination address and host-host protocol are designated as " outer R ".In Fig. 3, " outer R " comprises IP address and the port numbers of the anti-body candidate site of the server of acting on behalf of L L-NAT-PUB3, acts on behalf of the relaying candidate site R-REL-PUB of R, host-host protocol.This related information to inside/outside 5 tuples of STUN server stores, the STUN server will detect the mapping relations of bag by inner 5 tuples and mail to from STUN server listen address STUN-LISTEN and act on behalf of the public network address R-NAT-PUB1 of R in the mapping of NAT side then.The NAT of R end is passed in this detection request at last, correctly arrives destination address R-PRIV.
(4) act on behalf of L and finish detection of connectivity after, trigger and act on behalf of R and carry out detection of connectivity (referring to Fig. 4):
After acting on behalf of L and detecting successfully, produced opposite end candidate site a: STUN-LISTEN, act on behalf of R and find that this opposite end candidate site is not in the candidate site of acting on behalf of L before this, so this candidate site is added in the candidate site of acting on behalf of L, and triggers the detection of connectivity of this candidate to address (acting on behalf of main frame candidate site R-PRIV and the STUN server listen address STUN-USTEN of R).
Illustrate that this candidate is to the testing process of address: since ICE integrated the TURN technology, TURN can preserve corresponding inside 5 tuples and outside 5 tuples for each connects, and, acting on behalf of the relation of also having preserved corresponding " interior R " and " outer R " when L detects connectedness, so the STUN server just can send to the NAT public network address L-NAT-PUB3 that acts on behalf of the L side to request according to the address mapping relation of preserving.Return after detecting successfully reply in have opposite end anti-body candidate site R-REL-PUB.
(5) also have a pair of candidate that address (act on behalf of the main frame candidate site R-PRIV of R and act on behalf of the relaying candidate site L-REL-PUB of L) do not detected acting on behalf of the R side, initiate detection of connectivity (referring to Fig. 5) once more so act on behalf of R:
Act on behalf of R and initiate detection of connectivity once more, Binding request is the same from the 3rd the Binding request that R sends to the principle of L and Fig. 3.Act on behalf of the L side and receive this request back return response, and produce opposite end candidate site " STUN-LISTEN ", act on behalf of L and detect this candidate site not in the candidate site of R side, then this address is added in the candidate site of R.Then, trigger and act on behalf of L, detect same success the detection of connectivity of candidate to address (acting on behalf of main frame candidate site L-PRIV and the STUN server listen address STUN-LISTEN of L).
(6) act on behalf of L and act on behalf of the R detection of connectivity and finish after, suppose that acting on behalf of L is the master control agency, then nominate the candidate to address (referring to Fig. 6) by it:
Nominate the candidate address is also realized by sending bind request, but in bind request, must comprise " USE-CANDIDATE " attribute, be used to nominate the candidate to the address to show this bind request.After the nomination, act on behalf of L and will use the source address of this request and destination address right, the relaying candidate site R-REL-PUB that promptly acts on behalf of the main frame candidate site L-PRIV of L and act on behalf of R receives and dispatches medium; Destination address and the source address of acting on behalf of this request that R receives use are right, and the main frame candidate site R-PRIV and the STUN server listen address STUN-LISTEN that promptly act on behalf of R receive and dispatch medium.Because what use is not to give tacit consent to the candidate to the address, therefore initiates the offer/answer request, uses the candidate who upgrades to the address to show.
From above-mentioned analysis as can be known, if adopt the relaying candidate site, owing to include the listen address of STUN server in inside 5 tuple information that the Allocate request forms, when forming mapping relations with outside 5 tuples, the listen address that will take the STUN server is transmitted the medium bag.Though for pyramid type NAT, do not use the relaying candidate site just to be enough to passing through NAT, but specifically selecting which kind of candidate site for use is to depend on unknown application after all, if so adopted the relaying candidate site, the mapping mechanism of abideing by inside and outside 5 tuples of TURN must cause taking the consequence that the listen address of STUN server comes transmission medium.Therefore, if accomplish not take the listen address of STUN server, the listen address of STUN server just can not appear in inner 5 tuples.How to realize this target, just become a focus of scientific and technical personnel's concern in the industry.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the purpose of this invention is to provide the method that a kind of ICE of employing relaying candidate site carries out media delivery, this method proposes a kind of transmission mechanism of innovation: a relaying candidate site of shared STUN server sends with receiving media and flows the client of transmitting-receiving two-end by replacing inner 5 tuples, Media Stream no longer takies the listen address of STUN server and transmits, thereby improved the forward efficiency of STUN server greatly, improve the transmission efficiency of Media Stream, reduced the propagation delay time of medium.
In order to achieve the above object, the invention provides the method that a kind of ICE of employing relaying candidate site carries out media delivery, it is characterized in that, the agency is obtained the candidate to improve the process of address: Client Agent is after having sent distribution Allocate request and having received that the Allocate that carries the relaying candidate site replys to the STUN server, carry self-defining to one of the relaying candidate site transmission of STUN server-assignment again, meet the binding Binding request of the CHANGED-TUPLE attribute of international communication standard, so that after the STUN server receives the Binding request that has the CHANGED-TUPLE attribute, the source address that comprises IP address and port numbers with this request, the destination address that comprises IP address and port numbers, promptly comprise the relaying candidate site of the STUN server of IP address and port numbers for its distribution, and new 5 tuples of host-host protocol substitute inside 5 tuples that originally produced by the Allocate request, promptly replace the source address that comprises IP address and port numbers of Allocate request, the destination address that comprises IP address and port numbers, the listen address that promptly comprises the STUN server of IP address and port numbers, and host-host protocol.
Described method is applicable to the STUN server of supporting relay function, promptly Client Agent after distributing the Allocate request, if receive reply in comprise the relaying candidate site, then just send a Binding request that has " CHANGED-TUPLE " attribute.
Described method comprises following operating procedure:
(1) follows the self-defined new attribute of international communication standard, the name of this attribute is: CHANGED-TUPLE is used to indicate server inside 5 tuple information of Client Agent to be revised as new 5 tuple information of the relaying candidate site that comprises this Client Agent;
(2) transmitting-receiving both sides Client Agent is collected candidate site and sent to the other side: Client Agent obtains the network topology structure information of oneself earlier, for successfully media stream is ready, and the candidate site that will collect separately is respectively by proposing that offer/ replys answer and carries the Client Agent that sends to the opposite end;
(3) after the Client Agent of transmitting-receiving both sides is all known the other side's candidate site, carry out detection of connectivity: bilateral agency carries out the detection of connectedness according to the pairing of sorting respectively of the priority orders of each candidate site by the Binding request; Agency by a side carries out this testing process earlier, after this side agency finishes detection of connectivity, triggers the opposite side agency again and carries out testing process;
(4) finish detection of connectivity after, by master control side's agency nomination candidate to the address: this master control side agency to selecting a suitable candidate the address to the address, and acts on behalf of selected candidate to the address by the Binding request notice opposite side that carries the USE-CANDIDATE attribute from the candidate that meets connectivity platform;
(5) Client Agent of transmitting-receiving both sides is mutual by offer/answer once more, and the candidate who is identified for the RTP/RTCP media delivery re-uses this candidate who determines to address transfer RTP/RTCP medium bag to the address.
Described self-defining CHANGED-TUPLE attribute format is provided with three fields: the Type type field of 2 bytes is used to define the types value of this attribute: 0x000c; The Length length field of 2 bytes, the length that is used to define the value of this attribute is 32; The Value attribute value field of 32 bits, each bit that is used to define this property value is 0.
Described step (2) further comprises following content of operation:
(21) wherein the agency of a side sends the Allocate request for allocation with the role of STUN client to the listen address of STUN server, utilizes the binding mechanism of STUN and distribution mechanism to obtain anti-body candidate site of server and relaying candidate site;
(22) the Allocate request that the Client Agent that receives is sent of STUN server is handled, and is relaying candidate site of this client distribution under the prerequisite of idling-resource having, and returns to this Client Agent by response message; Simultaneously, the STUN server is preserved inner five-tuple information, i.e. the source IP address and the port numbers of this Allocate request, are the IP address and the port numbers of the listen address of STUN server at the destination IP address and the port numbers of Allocate request, and host-host protocol;
(23) after the agency of this side receives that Allocate replys, whether carry the relaying candidate site in the response content of inspection server; If in Allocate replys, carry the relaying candidate site, then this agency carries the Binding request of CHANGED-TUPLE attribute for one of the relaying candidate site transmission of its distribution to the STUN server, request is with the source IP address and the port numbers of this Binding request, purpose IP address and port numbers, to be the STUN server be the IP address and the port numbers of the relaying candidate site of its distribution, and new 5 tuples of host-host protocol substitute that the STUN server is being received Allocate request back storage this act on behalf of the former inner five-tuple of side; If in Allocate replys, do not carry the relaying candidate site, then according to this response message of specification handles flow processing of STUN standard setting;
(24) after the STUN server is received this agency's request message from the relaying candidate site of the agent allocation of giving this side, judge earlier whether this request is that Binding asks, if, the operation of then redirect execution in step (26); Otherwise, the operation of execution in step (25);
(25) the STUN server is according to this request message of specification handles flow processing of STUN standard setting, and flow process finishes;
(26) the STUN server checks whether the Binding request carries the CHANGED-TUPLE attribute, if not this attribute, the then operation of execution in step (25); Otherwise, the operation of execution in step (27);
(27) the STUN server is carried out the operation of replacing inner 5 tuples, and return Binding to the agency and reply: with the IP address and the port numbers of the source end of Binding request, the IP address of destination and port numbers, to be the STUN server be the IP address and the port numbers of the relaying candidate site of its distribution, and new 5 tuples of host-host protocol are replaced and the corresponding original inside five-tuple of relaying candidate site of this distribution, i.e. the inside five-tuple of STUN server stores in the step (22);
(28) through behind above-mentioned four message mutual, the agency of this side finishes the collection process of candidate site, after candidate site being sorted, candidate site is carried at the agency who sends to opposite side among the offer again;
(29) after the agency of opposite side received offer, being triggered comprised (21)～(27) the collection process of the candidate site of operating procedure equally; Then, the agency of this opposite side carries the candidate site of collection with answer, sends to the offside agency.
The inside five-tuple information that the STUN server is preserved in the described step (22) is the source IP address of this Allocate request and port numbers, i.e. the IP address and the port numbers of this side agency's the anti-body candidate site of server, the destination IP address and the port numbers of Allocate request, be the IP address and the port numbers of the listen address of STUN server, and host-host protocol.
The five-tuple information in the Binding request of CHANGED-TUPLE attribute of carrying in the described step (23) is the source IP address of this Binding request and port numbers, promptly is the IP address and the port numbers of this side agency's the anti-body candidate site of server, purpose IP address and port numbers, to be the STUN server promptly be the IP address and the port numbers of the relaying candidate site of this side agent allocation, and host-host protocol.
Described candidate site is the media delivery address that comprises IP address and port numbers, and this candidate site is to set up the ICE process by the interactive mode connection to test, and whether is suitable for receiving and dispatching medium to determine it; Agency or main frame candidate site are self addresses that comprises IP address and port numbers of this agency or main frame; The anti-body candidate site of described server is to send STUN by agency or main frame candidate site to ask the STUN server and obtain, and this address is the public network address that NAT gives agency or main frame self map addresses; Described relaying candidate site is asked the STUN server by agency or main frame candidate site transmission STUN and is obtained, this relaying candidate site resides in the STUN server, transfers/go into the medium bag of this agency or main frame by this address relaying for the STUN server; Described candidate to the address be transmitting-receiving both sides agency or main frame is collected separately and through ICE procedural test success, meet connectivity platform the candidate site of the both sides Client Agent that comprises IP address and port numbers right.
The present invention is the method that a kind of ICE of employing relaying candidate site carries out media delivery, and the technology of the present invention is specially adapted to use the ICE scheme to pass through the scene of symmetric form NAT.As everyone knows, when using the ICE scheme to pass through symmetric form NAT, the medium bag must be by comprising TURN (Traversal Using RelayNAT on the public network, use trunking scheme passing through NAT) STUN (the Simple Traversal of UDP ThroughNetwork Address Translators of function, the straightforward procedure of UDP passing through NAT) server carries out transfer, a very big defective of this transmission means, be that the listen address that needs to take server in the transfer process is transmitted the medium bag, all brought very large influence for thus the performance and the disposal ability of STUN server.The inventive method has solved the problems referred to above preferably, by agency in the ICE scheme is obtained the candidate process of address is improved, make in no longer take the listen address of server in the process subcontracted, promoted the disposal ability of server greatly.
The innovation part of the inventive method is to eliminate the problem that STUN server listen address is transmitted the medium bag that takies by replacing inner 5 tuples.Just in the medium bag repeating process of handling symmetric form NAT, a plurality of Media Streams from a plurality of calling subscriber agencies are no longer concentrated forwarding by the listen address STUN-LISTEN port of STUN server, but, transmit respectively by different relaying candidate sites at different destinations.Like this, can improve the forwarding real-time performance of Media Stream greatly, alleviate the processing pressure of STUN server simultaneously.
The present invention is the technical scheme of doulbe-sides' victory: no matter for the user experience of client, still the performance improvement aspect of server has all given very big support and improvement, so has good popularization and application prospect.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the process schematic diagram that L collects candidate site of acting on behalf of of prior art.
Fig. 2 is the process schematic diagram that R collects candidate site of acting on behalf of of prior art.
Fig. 3 is the process schematic diagram that L carries out detection of connectivity of acting on behalf of of prior art.
Fig. 4 is the process schematic diagram that R carries out detection of connectivity of acting on behalf of of prior art.
Fig. 5 is the process schematic diagram that R initiates detection of connectivity once more of acting on behalf of of prior art.
Fig. 6 is that the L that acts on behalf of of prior art nominates the process schematic diagram of candidate to the address.
Fig. 7 is that the present invention adopts the relaying candidate site passing through NAT of ICE to carry out the method operating procedure flow chart of media delivery.
Fig. 8 is the new attribute format schematic diagram of the Binding request adopted of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is the property value byte schematic diagram of new attribute CHANGED-TUPLE.
Figure 10 is the flow chart that the L side is obtained candidate site of acting on behalf of among the present invention.
Figure 11 is the flow chart that the R side is obtained candidate site of acting on behalf of among the present invention.
Figure 12 is that the L side of acting on behalf of among the present invention is carried out the schematic diagram of candidate to address communication with detection process.
Figure 13 is that the R side of acting on behalf of among the present invention is carried out the schematic diagram of candidate to address communication with detection process.
Figure 14 is the process schematic diagram that the present invention forms the media flow transmission result at last.
Figure 15 is that the present invention collects the handling process schematic diagram of acting on behalf of side in the candidate site process.
Figure 16 is the handling process schematic diagram that the present invention collects STUN server side in the candidate site process.
Embodiment
For making the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Introduce several notions or term earlier: candidate site is the media delivery address, comprises IP address and port numbers, and candidate site is to be tested by the ICE process, whether is suitable for receiving and dispatching medium to determine it.Agency or main frame candidate site are self addresses of this agency or main frame, comprise IP address and port numbers.The anti-body candidate site of server is to send STUN by agency or main frame from the main frame candidate site to ask the STUN server and obtain, and this address is the public network address that agency or main frame candidate site are mapped in the NAT place.The relaying candidate site also sends STUN by agency or main frame from the main frame candidate site and asks the STUN server and obtain, this relaying candidate site resides in the STUN server, transfers/go into the medium bag of this agency or main frame by this address relaying for the STUN server.The candidate to the address be transmitting-receiving both sides agency or main frame will be collected separately and through ICE procedural test success, meet connectivity platform the candidate site of the both sides Client Agent that comprises IP address and port numbers right.
The present invention is the method that a kind of ICE of employing relaying candidate site carries out media delivery, its main innovation part is: Client Agent is after having sent the Allocate request and having received the Allocate that carries the relaying candidate site to the STUN server of supporting relay function, carry self-defining to one of the relaying candidate site transmission of STUN server-assignment again, meet the Binding request of the CHANGED-TUPLE attribute of international communication standard, so that after the STUN server receives the Binding request that has the CHANGED-TUPLE attribute, the source address that comprises IP address and port numbers with this request, the destination address that comprises IP address and port numbers, promptly comprise the relaying candidate site of the STUN server of IP address and port numbers for its distribution, and new 5 tuples of host-host protocol substitute inside 5 tuples that originally produced by the Allocate request, promptly replace the source address that comprises IP address and port numbers of Allocate request, the destination address that comprises IP address and port numbers, the listen address that promptly comprises the STUN server of IP address and port numbers, and host-host protocol.
By above-mentioned introduction as can be known, the suitable scene of the inventive method is that the STUN server must be supported relay function, be that client is after distributing the Allocate request, if receive reply in comprise the relaying candidate site, then just send a Binding request that has " CHANGED-TUPLE " attribute.
Referring to Fig. 7, introduce following five operating procedures of the inventive method:
Referring to Fig. 8, introduce the form of this self-defining CHANGED-TUPLE attribute, it is provided with three fields: the Type type field of 2 bytes is used to define the types value of this attribute: 0x000c; The Length length field of 2 bytes, the length that is used to define the value of this attribute is 32; The Value attribute value field of 32 bits, each bit that is used to define this property value is 0 (referring to Fig. 9).
Step 2, transmitting-receiving both sides Client Agent is collected candidate site and sent to the other side: Client Agent obtains the network topology structure information of oneself earlier, for after this successfully media stream is ready; The candidate site that to collect separately carries the Client Agent that sends to the opposite end by offer/answer respectively again.
Because of this step is the innovation of the inventive method and improves key, introduce its concrete operations step below in detail:
(21) wherein the agency of a side sends the Allocate request for allocation with the role of STUN client to the listen address of STUN server, utilizes the binding mechanism of STUN and distribution mechanism to obtain anti-body candidate site of server and relaying candidate site;
(22) the Allocate request that the Client Agent that receives is sent of STUN server is handled, and is relaying candidate site of this client distribution under the prerequisite of idling-resource having, and returns to this Client Agent by response message; Simultaneously, the STUN server is preserved inner five-tuple information, the source IP address of i.e. this Allocate request and port numbers, i.e. the IP address and the port numbers of this side agency's the anti-body candidate site of server, the destination IP address and the port numbers of Allocate request, be the IP address and the port numbers of the listen address of STUN server, and host-host protocol;
(23) after the agency of this side receives that Allocate replys, whether carry the relaying candidate site in the response content of inspection server; If in Allocate replys, carry the relaying candidate site, then this agency carries the Binding request of CHANGE-TUPLE attribute for one of the relaying candidate site transmission of its distribution to the STUN server, request is with the source IP address and the port numbers of this Binding request, i.e. the IP address and the port numbers of this side agency's the anti-body candidate site of server, purpose IP address and port numbers, being the STUN server is the IP address and the port numbers of the relaying candidate site of its distribution, and new 5 tuples of host-host protocol substitute that the STUN server is being received Allocate request back storage this act on behalf of the former inner five-tuple of side; If in Allocate replys, do not carry the relaying candidate site, then according to this response message of specification handles flow processing of STUN standard setting;
(24) after the STUN server is received this agency's request message from the relaying candidate site of the agent allocation of giving this side, judge earlier whether this request is that Binding asks, if, the operation of then redirect execution in step (26); Otherwise, the operation of execution in step (25);
(25) the STUN server is according to this request message of specification handles flow processing of STUN standard setting, and flow process finishes;
(26) the STUN server checks whether the Binding request carries the CHANGE-TUPLE attribute, if not this attribute, the then operation of execution in step (25); Otherwise, the operation of execution in step (27);
(27) the STUN server is carried out the operation of replacing inner 5 tuples, and return Binding to the agency and reply: with the IP address and the port numbers of the source end of Binding request, the IP address of destination and port numbers, to be the STUN server be the IP address and the port numbers of the relaying candidate site of its distribution, and new 5 tuples of host-host protocol are replaced and the corresponding original inside five-tuple of relaying candidate site of this distribution, i.e. the inside five-tuple of STUN server stores in the step (22);
(28) through behind above-mentioned four message mutual, the agency of this side finishes the collection process of candidate site, after candidate site being sorted, candidate site is carried at the agency who sends to opposite side among the offer again;
(29) after the agency of opposite side received offer, being triggered comprised (21)～(27) the collection process of the candidate site of operating procedure equally; Then, the agency of this opposite side carries the candidate site of collection with answer, sends to the offside agency.
Step 3, after the Client Agent of transmitting-receiving both sides is all known the other side's candidate site, carry out detection of connectivity: bilateral agency carries out the detection of connectedness according to the pairing of sorting respectively of the priority orders of each candidate site by the Binding request; Agency by a side carries out this testing process earlier, after this side agency finishes detection of connectivity, triggers the opposite side agency again and carries out testing process;
Step 4, after finishing detection of connectivity, by master control side's agency nomination candidate to the address: this master control side agency to selecting a suitable candidate the address to the address, and acts on behalf of selected candidate to the address by the Binding request notice opposite side that carries the USE-CANDIDATE attribute from the candidate that meets connectivity platform;
Step 5, the Client Agent of transmitting-receiving both sides is mutual by offer/answer once more, and the candidate who is identified for the RTP/RTCP media delivery re-uses this selected candidate to address transfer RTP/RTCP medium bag to the address.
The present invention obtains the candidate to the agency process of address is improved, and below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, introduces the embodiment test situation of the inventive method:
Referring to Figure 10, act on behalf of L after the STUN server sends the Allocate request, the STUN server has distributed a relaying candidate site " L-REL-PUB " for it, preserved simultaneously with corresponding inner 5 tuple information of this relaying candidate site and (source address of Allocate request and port numbers, promptly acted on behalf of the IP address and the port numbers of the anti-body candidate site of server " L-NAT-PUB1 " of L, the destination address and the port numbers of Allocate request, be the IP address and the port numbers of STUN server listen address " STUN-LISTEN ", host-host protocol).As can be seen, comprised the listen address of STUN server in these inner 5 tuples, Here it is subcontracts the reason that takies the STUN listen address in causing.After the STUN server is received the Binding request that has " CHANGED-TUPLE " attribute from the relaying candidate site " L-REL-PUB " of acting on behalf of L, these inner 5 tuple information are revised as new five-tuple (source address and the port numbers of Binding request, promptly act on behalf of the IP address and the port numbers of the anti-body of the new server address " L-NAT-PUB4 " of L, the destination address and the port numbers of Binding request, promptly act on behalf of the IP address and the port numbers of the relaying candidate site " L-REL-PUB " of L, host-host protocol), so just replace original inner five-tuple, also just replaced the listen address of STUN server.The candidate site that the L side is collected is constant, carries with the offer form together and sends to Client Agent R.
What Fig. 9 showed is the process of L side, the R side need be passed through such process equally, and the STUN server replaces to new inside 5 tuples (acting on behalf of IP address and the port numbers of the anti-body candidate site of the new server R-NAT-PUB4 of R, the IP address of relaying candidate site R-REL-PUB of acting on behalf of R and port numbers, host-host protocol) with inside 5 tuples of original R side (acting on behalf of the IP address of listen address STUN-LISTEN of the IP address of the anti-body candidate site of server " R-NAT-PUB1 " of R and port numbers, STUN server and port numbers, host-host protocol).The candidate site of acting on behalf of the R collection equally is constant, carries with answer and sends to L.Its detailed process is referring to Figure 11.
Then, when carrying out the detection of connectivity of L side (referring to Figure 12), when the Binding of L side request arrives the STUN server is when acting on behalf of the relaying candidate site " R-REL-PUB " of R distribution, outside 5 tuples that produce (source address and the port numbers of Binding request, promptly act on behalf of IP address and the port numbers of the anti-body candidate site of the server L-NAT-PUB3 of L, the destination address and the port numbers of Binding request, promptly act on behalf of IP address and the port numbers of the relaying candidate site R-REL-PUB of R, host-host protocol) will (act on behalf of IP address and the port numbers of the anti-body candidate site of the new server R-NAT-PUB4 of R with new inside 5 tuples that Figure 11 mentions, act on behalf of IP address and the port numbers of the relaying candidate site R-REL-PUB of R, host-host protocol) matches, send Binding request arrival by the relaying candidate site " R-REL-PUB " of acting on behalf of R to the anti-body candidate site of the server of R " R-NAT-PUB4 " then and act on behalf of R.Response message is returned according to former road.
Similarly, when the detection of connectivity process of R side (referring to Figure 13), when the Binding request of acting on behalf of R arrives the STUN server is when acting on behalf of the relaying candidate site " L-REL-PUB " of L distribution, the STUN server can be bound this outside five-tuple (source address and the port numbers of Binding request, promptly act on behalf of the IP address and the port numbers of the anti-body candidate site of server " R-NAT-PUB2 " of R, the destination address and the port numbers of Binding request, promptly act on behalf of the IP address and the port numbers of the relaying candidate site " L-REL-PUB " of R, host-host protocol) and Figure 10 in inner five-tuple (act on behalf of the IP address and the port numbers of the anti-body candidate site of server " L-NAT-PUB4 " of L, act on behalf of the IP address and the port numbers of the relaying candidate site " L-REL-PUB " of L, host-host protocol).After acting on behalf of Binding that R receives and replying, find opposite end candidate site L-REL-PUB in the candidate site formation of acting on behalf of L, so do not need to carry out once more the process that among similar Fig. 5 newly-increased candidate detected the address.
At last, the end product of the media flow transmission that forms in carrying out the process of nomination candidate to the address shown in Figure 6 as shown in figure 14, as can be seen from Figure 14, in the formed result of the inventive method, the transmission of Media Stream will no longer take the listen address of STUN server:
Above-mentioned analysis introduction adopt entire I CE process after the inventive method, sum up said process, the left and right sides agency who again agency in the step 1 is collected in the candidate site process carries out finishing the collection process of candidate site alternately with the STUN server respectively below; And issue the other side agency's thinning process following (referring to Figure 15).
(1) agency sends Allocate request, anti-body candidate site of acquisition request server and relaying candidate site to the listen address of STUN server;
(2) after the agency receives that the Allocate of STUN server replys, check the content that Allocate replys;
(3) whether carry relaying candidate site if judging that this is replied, if do not carry, and the operation of execution in step (4); Otherwise, the operation of execution in step (5);
(4) carrying out normal process according to the mode of ICE consensus standard regulation replys;
(5) the relaying candidate site to the STUN server-assignment sends the Binding request of carrying the CHANGE-TUPLE attribute, source IP address and port numbers that request STUN server is asked with this Binding, purpose IP address and port numbers (being the IP address and the port numbers of relaying candidate site), the inside five-tuple of the 5 new tuple replace old of host-host protocol (is source IP address and the port numbers of STUN server in the Allocate request of receiving Allocate request back storage, the purpose IP address and the port numbers of Allocate request, be the IP address and the port numbers of the listen address of STUN server, host-host protocol).
The thinning process of STUN server is described referring to Figure 16:
(1) after the STUN server is received and acted on behalf of the Allocate request of sending, handles, be that client is distributed a relaying candidate site under the prerequisite that also has idling-resource, and return to client by response message.The STUN server is preserved inner five-tuple information simultaneously, i.e. the destination IP address of the source IP address of Allocate request and port numbers, Allocate request and port numbers (being the IP address and the port numbers of the listen address of STUN server), host-host protocol;
(2) after the STUN server is received request message from the relaying candidate site of giving agent allocation, judge whether this request is the Binding request; If the Binding request, the operation of execution in step (4); Otherwise, the operation of execution in step (3);
(3) the STUN server is according to this request message of standard flow processing of Simple Traversal of UDP Through Network Address Translators standard, process ends;
(4) the STUN server is checked the attribute of Binding request, judges wherein whether to have the CHANGED-TUPLE attribute, if there is the then operation of execution in step (5); Otherwise, return the operation of execution in step (3);
(5) operation of inner 5 tuples of STUN server execution replacement: with source IP address and port numbers, the IP address of destination and the corresponding old inside five-tuple of relaying candidate site of port numbers (being the IP address and the port numbers of the relaying candidate site of STUN distribution) and host-host protocol replacement and this distribution of Binding request, i.e. the inside five-tuple of the middle storage of step (1).
Claims (8)
1. method that adopts ICE relaying candidate site to carry out media delivery, it is characterized in that, the agency is obtained the candidate to improve the process of address: Client Agent is after having sent distribution Allocate request and having received that the Allocate that carries the relaying candidate site replys to the STUN server, carry self-defining to one of the relaying candidate site transmission of STUN server-assignment again, meet the binding Binding request of the CHANGED-TUPLE attribute of international communication standard, so that after the STUN server receives the Binding request that has the CHANGED-TUPLE attribute, the source address that comprises IP address and port numbers with this request, the destination address that comprises IP address and port numbers, promptly comprise the relaying candidate site of the STUN server of IP address and port numbers for its distribution, and new 5 tuples of host-host protocol substitute inside 5 tuples that originally produced by the Allocate request, promptly replace the source address that comprises IP address and port numbers of Allocate request, the destination address that comprises IP address and port numbers, the listen address that promptly comprises the STUN server of IP address and port numbers, and host-host protocol.
2. method of carrying out media delivery according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described method is applicable to the STUN server of supporting relay function, be that Client Agent is after distributing the Allocate request, if receive reply in comprise the relaying candidate site, then just send a Binding request that has " CHANGED-TUPLE " attribute.
3. method of carrying out media delivery according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described method comprises following operating procedure:
(1) follows the self-defined new attribute of international communication standard, the name of this attribute is: CHANGED-TUPLE is used to indicate server inside 5 tuple information of Client Agent to be revised as new 5 tuple information of the relaying candidate site that comprises this Client Agent;
(2) transmitting-receiving both sides Client Agent is collected candidate site and sent to the other side: Client Agent obtains the network topology structure information of oneself earlier, for successfully media stream is ready, and the candidate site that will collect separately is respectively by proposing that offer/ replys answer and carries the Client Agent that sends to the opposite end;
(3) after the Client Agent of transmitting-receiving both sides is all known the other side's candidate site, carry out detection of connectivity: bilateral agency carries out the detection of connectedness according to the pairing of sorting respectively of the priority orders of each candidate site by the Binding request; Agency by a side carries out this testing process earlier, after this side agency finishes detection of connectivity, triggers the opposite side agency again and carries out testing process;
(4) finish detection of connectivity after, by master control side's agency nomination candidate to the address: this master control side agency to selecting a suitable candidate the address to the address, and acts on behalf of selected candidate to the address by the Binding request notice opposite side that carries the USE-CANDIDATE attribute from the candidate that meets connectivity platform;
(5) Client Agent of transmitting-receiving both sides is mutual by offer/answer once more, and the candidate who is identified for the RTP/RTCP media delivery re-uses this candidate who determines to address transfer RTP/RTCP medium bag to the address.
4. according to claim 1 or 3 described methods of carrying out media delivery, it is characterized in that: described self-defining CHANGED-TUPLE attribute format is provided with three fields: the Type type field of 2 bytes is used to define the types value of this attribute: 0x000c; The Length length field of 2 bytes, the length that is used to define the value of this attribute is 32; The Value attribute value field of 32 bits, each bit that is used to define this property value is 0.
5. method of carrying out media delivery according to claim 3 is characterized in that: described step (2) further comprises following content of operation:
(21) wherein the agency of a side sends the Allocate request for allocation with the role of STUN client to the listen address of STUN server, utilizes the binding mechanism of STUN and distribution mechanism to obtain anti-body candidate site of server and relaying candidate site;
(22) the Allocate request that the Client Agent that receives is sent of STUN server is handled, and is relaying candidate site of this client distribution under the prerequisite of idling-resource having, and returns to this Client Agent by response message; Simultaneously, the STUN server is preserved inner five-tuple information, i.e. the source IP address and the port numbers of this Allocate request, are the IP address and the port numbers of the listen address of STUN server at the destination IP address and the port numbers of Allocate request, and host-host protocol;
(23) after the agency of this side receives that Allocate replys, whether carry the relaying candidate site in the response content of inspection server; If in Allocate replys, carry the relaying candidate site, then this agency carries the Binding request of CHANGED-TUPLE attribute for one of the relaying candidate site transmission of its distribution to the STUN server, request is with the source IP address and the port numbers of this Binding request, purpose IP address and port numbers, to be the STUN server be the IP address and the port numbers of the relaying candidate site of its distribution, and new 5 tuples of host-host protocol substitute that the STUN server is being received Allocate request back storage this act on behalf of the former inner five-tuple of side; If in Allocate replys, do not carry the relaying candidate site, then according to this response message of specification handles flow processing of STUN standard setting;
(24) after the STUN server is received this agency's request message from the relaying candidate site of the agent allocation of giving this side, judge earlier whether this request is that Binding asks, if, the operation of then redirect execution in step (26); Otherwise, the operation of execution in step (25);
(25) the STUN server is according to this request message of specification handles flow processing of STUN standard setting, and flow process finishes;
(26) the STUN server checks whether the Binding request carries the CHANGED-TUPLE attribute, if not this attribute, the then operation of execution in step (25); Otherwise, the operation of execution in step (27);
(27) the STUN server is carried out the operation of replacing inner 5 tuples, and return Binding to the agency and reply: with the IP address and the port numbers of the source end of Binding request, the IP address of destination and port numbers, to be the STUN server be the IP address and the port numbers of the relaying candidate site of its distribution, and new 5 tuples of host-host protocol are replaced and the corresponding original inside five-tuple of relaying candidate site of this distribution, i.e. the inside five-tuple of STUN server stores in the step (22);
(28) through behind above-mentioned four message mutual, the agency of this side finishes the collection process of candidate site, after candidate site being sorted, candidate site is carried at the agency who sends to opposite side among the offer again;
(29) after the agency of opposite side received offer, being triggered comprised (21)～(27) the collection process of the candidate site of operating procedure equally; Then, the agency of this opposite side carries the candidate site of collection with answer, sends to the offside agency.
6. method of carrying out media delivery according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: the inside five-tuple information that the STUN server is preserved in the described step (22) is the source IP address of this Allocate request and port numbers, i.e. the IP address and the port numbers of this side agency's the anti-body candidate site of server, the destination IP address and the port numbers of Allocate request, be the IP address and the port numbers of the listen address of STUN server, and host-host protocol.
7. method of carrying out media delivery according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: the five-tuple information in the Binding request of CHANGED-TUPLE attribute of carrying in the described step (23) is the source IP address of this Binding request and port numbers, promptly is the IP address and the port numbers of this side agency's the anti-body candidate site of server, purpose IP address and port numbers, to be the STUN server promptly be the IP address and the port numbers of the relaying candidate site of this side agent allocation, and host-host protocol.
8. method of carrying out media delivery according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: described candidate site is the media delivery address that comprises IP address and port numbers, this candidate site is to set up the ICE process by the interactive mode connection to test, and whether is suitable for receiving and dispatching medium to determine it; Agency or main frame candidate site are self addresses that comprises IP address and port numbers of this agency or main frame; The anti-body candidate site of described server is to send STUN by agency or main frame candidate site to ask the STUN server and obtain, and this address is the public network address that NAT gives agency or main frame self map addresses; Described relaying candidate site is asked the STUN server by agency or main frame candidate site transmission STUN and is obtained, this relaying candidate site resides in the STUN server, transfers/go into the medium bag of this agency or main frame by this address relaying for the STUN server; Described candidate to the address be transmitting-receiving both sides agency or main frame is collected separately and through ICE procedural test success, meet connectivity platform the candidate site of the both sides Client Agent that comprises IP address and port numbers right.
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