CN101173330A - Low cost heat resisting magnesium alloy and method for producing the same - Google Patents
Low cost heat resisting magnesium alloy and method for producing the same Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a low-cost and heat-resistant magnesium alloy and a preparation method, which is characterized in that the heat-resistant magnesium alloy is made by die casting of the AZ91D, AM50B or AM60B melt with added the Mg-Nd interalloy; the adding amount of Nd in the Mg-Nd interalloy is 0.10% to 3.0% of the amount of the AZ91D, AM50B or AM60B magnesium alloy in weight; and the method comprises three steps that: first, the interalloy ingot of Mg-Nd (20% to 60% in weight) is obtained through melting cast; second, the interalloy ingot of Mg-Nd (20% to 60% in weight) is extruded into a wire rod or a bar with the diameter of 2 mm to 60 mm; third, the conventional AZ91D, AM50B or AM60B magnesium alloy is melted, then the interalloy of Mg-Nd (20% to 60% in weight) is added into the AZ91D, AM50B or AM60B melt for die casting into the heat-resistant magnesium alloy. The invention has the advantages that creep resistance performance of the magnesium ally at the temperature of 150 to 175 DEG C can be greatly improved; and application of the magnesium alloy to important components such as engine cylinders, automatic gearboxes, crankcases, gear chamber casings and oil pans can be met.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of low-cost heat-resisting magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Magnesium alloy makes it have very significant advantage in many occasions owing to have less density (being a kind of of density minimum in the utility structure metal).Particularly at Aeronautics and Astronautics and automobile, motorcycle, at a high speed/have the alternate of being difficult to advantage aspect the vehicles lightweights such as light rail train.The density I of member to be saving the energy, also has the little advantage of inertia in the occasion of high-speed motion, and this startup and braking for the vehicles has remarkable effect.
Traditional magnesium alloy such as AZ91D, AM50B, AM60B etc. have obtained to use widely, still are several magnesium alloy of present application quantity maximum.The outstanding feature of this class magnesium alloy is to have excellent extrusion process performance, and this is the one of the main reasons that they obtain widespread use.But these alloys all have a shortcoming, are exactly low especially at the creep-resistant property of temperature more than 120 ℃.Restricting the application of magnesium alloy on vitals such as engine cylinder-body, automatic gear-box, crankcase, gear chamber cover, oil pan.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of low-cost heat-resisting magnesium alloy.This heat resistance magnesium alloy cost has a small amount of increase, extrusion process performance to keep substantially not reducing than AZ91D, AM50B, AM60B etc., creep-resistant property at 150 ℃～175 ℃ increases substantially, and can satisfy the application of this magnesium alloy on vitals such as engine cylinder-body, automatic gear-box, crankcase, gear chamber cover, oil pan.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of preparation method of low-cost heat-resisting magnesium alloy.
A further object of the present invention provides the Mg-Nd master alloy that is added in a kind of low-cost heat-resisting magnesium alloy.
For achieving the above object, the present invention takes following technical scheme:
A kind of low-cost heat-resisting magnesium alloy, it is characterized in that: this heat resistance magnesium alloy is to add the Mg-Nd master alloy in AZ91D (nominal composition is: Al-9, Zn-1, Mn-0.3), AM50B (nominal composition is: Al-5, Mn-0.4) or AM60B (nominal composition is: Al-6, Mn-0.4) liquation, form through die casting, wherein, the add-on of the Nd of Mg-Nd master alloy is 0.10～3.0 weight % of AZ91D, AM50B or AM60B magnesium alloy amount.
Described AZ91D nominal composition is: Al-9, Zn-1, Mn-0.3; The AM50B nominal composition is: Al-5, Mn-0.4; The AM60B nominal composition is: Al-6, Mn-0.4.
A kind of method for preparing heat resistance magnesium alloy of the present invention, this method comprises following process:
The first step, founding Mg-(20～60) weight %Nd master alloy ingot blank;
Second goes on foot, and Mg-(20～60) weight %Nd master alloy ingot blank is squeezed into wire rod or the bar of Φ 2mm～Φ 60mm;
The 3rd step, with traditional AZ91D, AM50B or the fusing of AM60B magnesium alloy, add-on by the Nd of Mg-Nd master alloy is 0.10～3.0 weight % of AZ91D, AM50B or AM60B magnesium alloy amount, the wire rod or the bar of Mg-(20～60) weight %Nd master alloy are cut into chunks, again Mg-Nd master alloy section is preheating to 120～360 ℃, add then in AZ91D, AM50B or the AM60B liquation, be cast into heat resistance magnesium alloy.
In the method for preparing heat resistance magnesium alloy of the present invention, described the first step process comprises the steps:
(1), with pure magnesium ingot and pure Nd, get the raw materials ready by the weight percent of the composition of Mg-(20～60) weight %Nd master alloy;
(2), preheating oven is warmed up to 160～660 ℃, and smelting furnace is warmed up to 500～800 ℃, and feeds shielding gas to smelting furnace;
(3), in preheating oven, pure magnesium ingot is preheating to 100～600 ℃, simultaneously pure Nd ingot is preheating to 100～500 ℃;
(4), in the smelting furnace of preheating, carry out the melting of pure magnesium ingot, the preheating pure magnesium ingot that at first will account for the fusing weight 1/2～1/20 of 1 smelting furnace adds in the smelting furnace, make its fusing fully under the protection of shielding gas, join remaining preheating pure magnesium ingot in the smelting furnace then in batches, after a collection of preheating pure magnesium ingot melts before treating, add the next batch preheated magnesium ingot again, every batch of add-on is submerged in the magnesium melt fully with pure magnesium ingot and is as the criterion; So repeat, reach preset value, after the fusing, the scum silica frost of molten surface is cleaned out fully, temperature is controlled at 680～860 ℃ until the pure magnesium ingot add-on;
(5), the pure Nd ingot after the preheating is submerged in the magnesium melt together with the charging basket that adds that holds them, adding charging basket is that soft steel or high chromium steel are made, and is thick with a large amount of apertures on it, is convenient to dissolving and the diffusion of Nd;
(6), the magnesium melt temperature is controlled at 720～860 ℃, treat that Nd dissolves fully after, 750～860 ℃ of insulations 10～60 minutes, alloying element Nd is evenly distributed in the magnesium melt again;
(7), last, Mg-Nd master alloy liquation is poured in the permanent mold casting mould of abundant preheating or the sand mold casting mould is frozen into ingot blank, perhaps Mg-Nd master alloy liquation is transported in the crystallizer, carry out continuously or semicontinuous casting becomes ingot blank.
In the method for preparing heat resistance magnesium alloy of the present invention, the described second step process comprises the steps:
(1), the master alloy wire rod of preparation as required or the diameter of bar, determine the diameter of extruding with ingot blank, definite principle of ingot blank diameter is to guarantee extrusion ratio greater than 10, and the master alloy element-Nd content is high more, the extrusion ratio of employing is big more;
(2), adopt Vehicle Processing with ingot blank surface car light, ingot blank diameter and length are worked into extrusion machine internal diameter of the container and length are complementary simultaneously, normally blank diameter is than the little 3～6mm of internal diameter of the container, charge length is 1.5～2.5 times of blank diameter;
(3), adopt process furnace with blank heating to 420 ℃～530 ℃, be incubated 6～36 hours;
(4), the container temperature is 320 ℃～490 ℃, the extrusion stem rate of advance is 0.5mm～10mm/ second.
In the method for preparing heat resistance magnesium alloy of the present invention, in described the 3rd step process, described AZ91D, AM50B or the fusing of AM60B magnesium alloy be with the supporting magnesium alloy melting furnace of pressure die-casting machine in carry out.
In the method for preparing heat resistance magnesium alloy of the present invention, in described the 3rd step process, the described step that the wire rod or the bar of Mg-(20～60) weight %Nd master alloy are cut into chunks, be according to the requirement of diecast parts, select the content of Nd in the rare earth alloy element Nd amount of need adding, the Mg-Nd master alloy and the diameter of master alloy wire rod or bar for use the magnesium alloy resistance toheat; And the content of Nd and the diameter of master alloy wire rod or bar in the rare earth alloy element Nd amount of adding according to remelting ingot casting weight specification, heat resistance magnesium alloy needs, Mg-Nd master alloy, master alloy wire rod or rod length fixing are cut into chunks, wherein, the content of the Nd in every section master alloy wire rod or the bar is the weight of the adding of every Nd in the remelting ingot casting.
The Mg-Nd master alloy that is added in the heat resistance magnesium alloy of the present invention, the content of the Nd in this Mg-Nd master alloy are 20～60 weight %, and surplus is Mg.
Described Mg-Nd master alloy is wire rod or the bar of Φ 2mm～Φ 60mm.
Advantage of the present invention is:
Low-cost heat-resisting magnesium alloy of the present invention is to be basic alloy with traditional magnesium alloy such as AZ91D, AM50B, AM60B, take when die casting is produced, add an amount of Mg-Nd master alloy in AZ91D or AM50B or AM60B liquation, wherein the Mg-Nd master alloy is taked founding-pressing method preparation.Adopt heat resistance magnesium alloy of the present invention, its cost has only a small amount of increase than AZ91D, AM50B, AM60B etc., approximately increases by 5%～15%; The extrusion process performance is basic suitable with former magnesium alloy, satisfies the extrusion process requirement; Creep-resistant property at 150 ℃～175 ℃ increases substantially, such as for the AZ91D+0.6%Nd alloy, creep strength when under long-time load effect in 150 ℃, 100 hours, producing 0.1% creep strain, 12～17MMPa by AZ91D, bring up to 35～50MPa, can satisfy this application of magnesium alloy on vitals such as gear chamber cover, oil pan.
Embodiment
The preparation method's of low-cost heat-resisting magnesium alloy of the present invention concrete steps are:
The first step, founding Mg-(20～60) %Nd master alloy ingot blank, the ingot blank founding comprises the steps:
(1), gets the raw materials ready by the weight percent of the composition of Mg-of the present invention (20～60) %Nd master alloy;
(2), preheating oven is warmed up to 160～660 ℃, and smelting furnace is warmed up to 500～800 ℃, and feeds shielding gas to smelting furnace;
(3), in preheating oven, pure magnesium ingot is preheating to 100～600 ℃, simultaneously pure Nd ingot is preheating to 100～500 ℃;
(4), in the smelting furnace of preheating, carry out the melting of pure magnesium ingot, the preheating pure magnesium ingot that at first will account for the fusing weight 1/2～1/20 of 1 smelting furnace adds in the smelting furnace, make its fusing fully under the protection of shielding gas, join remaining preheating pure magnesium ingot in the smelting furnace then in batches, after a collection of preheating pure magnesium ingot melts before treating, add the next batch preheated magnesium ingot again, every batch of add-on is submerged in the magnesium melt fully with pure magnesium ingot and is as the criterion; So repeat, reach preset value, after the fusing, the scum silica frost of molten surface is cleaned out fully, temperature is controlled at 680～860 ℃ until the pure magnesium ingot add-on;
(5), the pure Nd ingot after the preheating is submerged in the magnesium melt together with the charging basket that adds that holds them, adding charging basket is that soft steel or high chromium steel are made, and is thick with a large amount of apertures on it, is convenient to dissolving and the diffusion of Nd;
(6), the magnesium melt temperature is controlled at 720～860 ℃, treat that Nd dissolves fully after, 750～860 ℃ of insulations 10～60 minutes, alloying element Nd is evenly distributed in the magnesium melt again;
(7), last, Mg-Nd master alloy liquation is poured in the permanent mold casting mould of abundant preheating or the sand mold casting mould is frozen into ingot blank, perhaps Mg-Nd master alloy liquation is transported in the crystallizer, carry out continuously or semicontinuous casting becomes ingot blank.
Second step was squeezed into wire rod or the bar of Φ 2mm～Φ 60mm with Mg-(20～60) %Nd master alloy ingot blank, and the extruding of wire rod or bar comprises the steps:
(1), the master alloy wire rod of preparation as required or the diameter of bar, determine the diameter of extruding with ingot blank.Definite principle of ingot blank diameter is to guarantee extrusion ratio greater than 10, and the master alloy constituent content is high more, and the extrusion ratio of employing is big more;
(2), adopt Vehicle Processing with ingot blank surface car light, ingot blank diameter and length are worked into extrusion machine internal diameter of the container and length are complementary simultaneously, normally blank diameter is than the little 3～6mm of internal diameter of the container, charge length is 1.5～2.5 times of blank diameter;
(3), adopt process furnace with blank heating to 420 ℃～530 ℃, be incubated 6～36 hours;
(4), the container temperature is 320 ℃～490 ℃, the extrusion stem rate of advance is 0.5mm～10mm/ second.
In the 3rd step, the preparation with low-cost heat-resisting magnesium alloy AZ91D+ (0.10～3.0) %Nd, AM50B+ (0.10～3.0) %Nd, AM60B+ (0.10～3.0) %Nd is produced in die casting, comprises the steps:
(1), employing and the supporting magnesium alloy melting furnace of pressure die-casting machine, with traditional AZ91D, AM50B, the fusing of AM60B magnesium alloy;
(2), according to the requirement of diecast parts to the magnesium alloy resistance toheat, the content of Nd and the diameter of master alloy wire rod or bar in the rare earth alloy element Nd amount of determine to need adding, the Mg-Nd master alloy;
(3), magnesium alloy parts die casting is produced AZ91D, the AM50B, the AM60B magnesium alloy remelting ingot casting weight specification that adopt and is mainly contained 5kg, 7.5kg, 10kg, 12kg, the content of Nd and the diameter of master alloy wire rod or bar are cut into chunks master alloy wire rod or rod length fixing in the rare earth alloy element Nd amount of adding according to remelting ingot casting weight specification, low-cost heat-resisting magnesium alloy needs, the Mg-Nd master alloy;
(4), the Mg-Nd master alloy section of scale is preheating to 120～360 ℃, in the press casting procedure, every adding 1 AZ91D, AM50B, AM60B magnesium alloy remelting ingot casting add in the middle of 1 section Mg-Nd simultaneously.
Embodiment 1: die casting is produced and is used the AZ91D+0.1%Nd magnesium alloy smelting method
1, founding Mg-20%Nd master alloy ingot blank, the ingot blank founding comprises the steps:
(1), gets the raw materials ready by the weight percent of the composition of Mg-20%Nd master alloy of the present invention;
(2), preheating oven is warmed up to 160～660 ℃, and smelting furnace is warmed up to 500～800 ℃, and feeds shielding gas to smelting furnace;
(3), in preheating oven, pure magnesium ingot is preheating to 100～600 ℃, simultaneously pure Nd ingot is preheating to 100～500 ℃;
(4), in the smelting furnace of preheating, carry out the melting of pure magnesium ingot, the preheating pure magnesium ingot that at first will account for the fusing weight 1/2～1/20 of 1 smelting furnace adds in the smelting furnace, make its fusing fully under the protection of shielding gas, join remaining preheating pure magnesium ingot in the smelting furnace then in batches, after a collection of preheating pure magnesium ingot melts before treating, add the next batch preheated magnesium ingot again, every batch of add-on is submerged in the magnesium melt fully with pure magnesium ingot and is as the criterion; So repeat, reach preset value, after the fusing, the scum silica frost of molten surface is cleaned out fully, temperature is controlled at 680～860 ℃ until the pure magnesium ingot add-on;
(5), the pure Nd ingot after the preheating is submerged in the magnesium melt together with the charging basket that adds that holds them, adding charging basket is that soft steel or high chromium steel are made, and is thick with a large amount of apertures on it, is convenient to dissolving and the diffusion of Nd;
(6), the magnesium melt temperature is controlled at 720～860 ℃, treat that Nd dissolves fully after, 750～860 ℃ of insulations 10～60 minutes, alloying element Nd is evenly distributed in the magnesium melt again;
(7), last, Mg-Nd master alloy liquation is poured in the permanent mold casting mould of abundant preheating and is frozen into the ingot blank that diameter is Φ 95mm.
2, Mg-20%Nd master alloy ingot blank is squeezed into the bar of Φ 16mm, the extruding of bar comprises the steps:
(1), adopt the extrusion machine of 6300kN, the container diameter is 96mm;
(2), adopt band saw to become 250mm long the sawing of ingot blank scale, adopt lathe that the ingot blank diameter is processed into Φ 93mm;
(3), adopt process furnace with blank heating to 530 ± 5 ℃, be incubated 24 hours;
(4), the container temperature is 360 ± 5 ℃, the extrusion stem rate of advance is 2mm～3mm/ second, Mg-20%Nd master alloy ingot blank is squeezed into the bar of Φ 16mm;
(5), with shearing machine above-mentioned master alloy rod length fixing is cut into the master alloy section of 90 ± 2mm length, about 37 grammes per square metres.
3, die casting is produced and is used the AZ91D+0.1%Nd magnesium alloy smelting
(1), the supporting magnesium alloy melting furnace of employing and pressure die-casting machine, with 150 kilograms of traditional AZ91D magnesium alloy fusings, in liquation, add 20 above-mentioned master alloy sections after 120～360 ℃ of preheatings, after treating that the master alloy section melts fully, the liquation that generates is exactly an AZ91D+0.1%Nd magnesium alloy liquation, can carry out die casting production;
(2), along with the carrying out that die casting is produced, need constantly to replenish AZ91D and the master alloy section after 120～360 ℃ of preheatings, the AZ91D remelting ingot casting of 1 7.5kg specification of every adding just adds 1 master alloy section simultaneously, so repeatedly, produces until die casting and to finish.
This AZ91D+0.1%Nd magnesium alloy cost is than the about increase by 8% of AZ91D, and the extrusion process performance is basic suitable with AZ91D, satisfies the extrusion process requirement; Creep strength when producing 0.1% creep strain under long-time load effect in 150 ℃, 100 hours, the 12～17M MPa by AZ91D brings up to 25～30MPa, can satisfy the application of this magnesium alloy on the small displacement engine oil pan below 1.3 liters.
Embodiment 2: die casting is produced and is used the AZ91D+3.0%Nd magnesium alloy smelting method
1, founding Mg-50%Nd master alloy ingot blank, the ingot blank founding comprises the steps:
(1), gets the raw materials ready by the weight percent of the composition of Mg-50%Nd master alloy of the present invention;
(2), preheating oven is warmed up to 160～660 ℃, and smelting furnace is warmed up to 500～800 ℃, and feeds shielding gas to smelting furnace;
(3), in preheating oven, pure magnesium ingot is preheating to 100～600 ℃, simultaneously pure Nd ingot is preheating to 100～500 ℃;
(4), in the smelting furnace of preheating, carry out the melting of pure magnesium ingot, the preheating pure magnesium ingot that at first will account for the fusing weight 1/2～1/20 of 1 smelting furnace adds in the smelting furnace, make its fusing fully under the protection of shielding gas, join remaining preheating pure magnesium ingot in the smelting furnace then in batches, after a collection of preheating pure magnesium ingot melts before treating, add the next batch preheated magnesium ingot again, every batch of add-on is submerged in the magnesium melt fully with pure magnesium ingot and is as the criterion; So repeat, reach preset value, after the fusing, the scum silica frost of molten surface is cleaned out fully, temperature is controlled at 680～860 ℃ until the pure magnesium ingot add-on;
(5), the pure Nd ingot after the preheating is submerged in the magnesium melt together with the charging basket that adds that holds them, adding charging basket is that soft steel or high chromium steel are made, and is thick with a large amount of apertures on it, is convenient to dissolving and the diffusion of Nd;
(6), the magnesium melt temperature is controlled at 720～860 ℃, treat that Nd dissolves fully after, 750～860 ℃ of insulations 10～60 minutes, alloying element Nd is evenly distributed in the magnesium melt again;
(7), last, Mg-Nd master alloy liquation is transported in the crystallizer, carry out continuously or semicontinuous casting to become diameter be the ingot blank of Φ 300mm.
2, Mg-50%Nd master alloy ingot blank is squeezed into the bar of Φ 60mm, the extruding of bar comprises the steps:
(1), adopt the extrusion machine of 30000kN, the container diameter is 300mm;
(2), adopt band saw to become 700mm long the sawing of ingot blank scale, adopt lathe that the ingot blank diameter is processed into Φ 293mm;
(3), adopt process furnace with blank heating to 530 ± 5 ℃, be incubated 36 hours;
(4), the container temperature is 360 ± 5 ℃, the extrusion stem rate of advance is 8mm～10mm/ second, Mg-50%Nd master alloy ingot blank is squeezed into the bar of Φ 60mm;
(5), with shearing machine above-mentioned master alloy rod length fixing is cut into the master alloy section of 127 ± 2mm length, about 1.4 kilogram weights.
3, die casting is produced and is used the AZ91D+3.0%Nd magnesium alloy smelting
(1), the supporting magnesium alloy melting furnace of employing and pressure die-casting machine, with 240 kilograms of traditional AZ91D magnesium alloy fusings, in liquation, add 10 above-mentioned master alloy sections after 120～360 ℃ of preheatings, after treating that the master alloy section melts fully, the liquation that generates is exactly an AZ91D+3.0%Nd magnesium alloy liquation, can carry out die casting production;
(2), the carrying out that produces along with die casting, need constantly to replenish AZ91D and the master alloy section after 120～360 ℃ of preheatings, the AZ91D remelting ingot casting of 2 12kg specifications of every adding just adds 1 above-mentioned master alloy section simultaneously, so repeatedly, produce end until die casting.
This AZ91D+3.0%Nd magnesium alloy cost is than the about increase by 15% of AZ91D, and the extrusion process performance is basic suitable with AZ91D, satisfies the extrusion process requirement; Creep strength when producing 0.1% creep strain under long-time load effect in 200 ℃, 100 hours, 5～7MMPa by AZ91D brings up to 25～30MPa, can satisfy the application of this magnesium alloy at 1.0～2.0 liter capacity engine cylinder-bodies.
Embodiment 3: die casting is produced and is used the AZ91D+1.0%Nd magnesium alloy smelting method
1, founding Mg-30%Nd master alloy ingot blank, the ingot blank founding comprises the steps:
(1), gets the raw materials ready by the weight percent of the composition of Mg-30%Nd master alloy of the present invention;
(2), preheating oven is warmed up to 160～660 ℃, and smelting furnace is warmed up to 500～800 ℃, and feeds shielding gas to smelting furnace;
(3), in preheating oven, pure magnesium ingot is preheating to 100～600 ℃, simultaneously pure Nd ingot is preheating to 100～500 ℃;
(4), in the smelting furnace of preheating, carry out the melting of pure magnesium ingot, the preheating pure magnesium ingot that at first will account for the fusing weight 1/2～1/20 of 1 smelting furnace adds in the smelting furnace, make its fusing fully under the protection of shielding gas, join remaining preheating pure magnesium ingot in the smelting furnace then in batches, after a collection of preheating pure magnesium ingot melts before treating, add the next batch preheated magnesium ingot again, every batch of add-on is submerged in the magnesium melt fully with pure magnesium ingot and is as the criterion; So repeat, reach preset value, after the fusing, the scum silica frost of molten surface is cleaned out fully, temperature is controlled at 680～860 ℃ until the pure magnesium ingot add-on;
(5), the pure Nd ingot after the preheating is submerged in the magnesium melt together with the charging basket that adds that holds them, adding charging basket is that soft steel or high chromium steel are made, and is thick with a large amount of apertures on it, is convenient to dissolving and the diffusion of Nd;
(6), the magnesium melt temperature is controlled at 720～860 ℃, treat that Nd dissolves fully after, 750～860 ℃ of insulations 10～60 minutes, alloying element Nd is evenly distributed in the magnesium melt again;
(7), last, Mg-Nd master alloy liquation is poured in the permanent mold casting mould of abundant preheating and is frozen into the ingot blank that diameter is Φ 200mm.
2, Mg-30%Nd master alloy ingot blank is squeezed into the bar of Φ 40mm, the extruding of bar comprises the steps:
(1), adopt the extrusion machine of 25000kN, the container diameter is 200mm;
(2), adopt band saw to become 500mm long the sawing of ingot blank scale, adopt lathe that the ingot blank diameter is processed into Φ 193mm;
(3), adopt process furnace with blank heating to 530 ± 5 ℃, be incubated 32 hours;
(4), the container temperature is 360 ± 5 ℃, the extrusion stem rate of advance is 7mm～9mm/ second, Mg-50%Nd master alloy ingot blank is squeezed into the bar of Φ 40mm;
(5), with shearing machine above-mentioned master alloy rod length fixing is cut into the master alloy section of 106 ± 2mm length, about 0.4 kilogram weight.
3, die casting is produced and is used the AZ91D+1.0%Nd magnesium alloy smelting
(1), the supporting magnesium alloy melting furnace of employing and pressure die-casting machine, with 240 kilograms of traditional AZ91D magnesium alloy fusings, in liquation, add 20 above-mentioned master alloy sections after 120～360 ℃ of preheatings, after treating that the master alloy section melts fully, the liquation that generates is exactly an AZ91D+1.0%Nd magnesium alloy liquation, can carry out die casting production;
(2), the carrying out that produces along with die casting, need constantly to replenish AZ91D and the master alloy section after 120～360 ℃ of preheatings, the AZ91D remelting ingot casting of 1 12kg specification of every adding just adds 1 above-mentioned master alloy section simultaneously, so repeatedly, produce end until die casting.
This AZ91D+1.0%Nd magnesium alloy cost is than the about increase by 10% of AZ91D, and the extrusion process performance is basic suitable with AZ91D, satisfies the extrusion process requirement; Creep strength when producing 0.1% creep strain under long-time load effect in 175 ℃, 100 hours, 7～9MMPa by AZ91D brings up to 30～35MPa, can satisfy the application of this magnesium alloy in the car automatic gear-box.
Embodiment 4: die casting is produced and is used the AM60B+2.0%Nd magnesium alloy smelting method
1, founding Mg-50%Nd master alloy ingot blank, the ingot blank founding comprises the steps:
(1), gets the raw materials ready by the weight percent of the composition of Mg-50%Nd master alloy of the present invention;
(2), preheating oven is warmed up to 160～600 ℃, and smelting furnace is warmed up to 500～800 ℃, and feeds shielding gas to smelting furnace;
(3), in preheating oven, pure magnesium ingot is preheating to 100～460 ℃, simultaneously pure Nd ingot is preheating to 100～350 ℃;
(4), in the smelting furnace of preheating, carry out the melting of pure magnesium ingot, the preheating pure magnesium ingot that at first will account for the fusing weight 1/2～1/20 of 1 smelting furnace adds in the smelting furnace, make its fusing fully under the protection of shielding gas, join remaining preheating pure magnesium ingot in the smelting furnace then in batches, after a collection of preheating pure magnesium ingot melts before treating, add the next batch preheated magnesium ingot again, every batch of add-on is submerged in the magnesium melt fully with pure magnesium ingot and is as the criterion; So repeat, reach preset value, after the fusing, the scum silica frost of molten surface is cleaned out fully, temperature is controlled at 680～860 ℃ until the pure magnesium ingot add-on;
(5), the pure Nd ingot after the preheating is submerged in the magnesium melt together with the charging basket that adds that holds them, adding charging basket is that soft steel or high chromium steel are made, and is thick with a large amount of apertures on it, is convenient to dissolving and the diffusion of Nd;
(6), the magnesium melt temperature is controlled at 720～860 ℃, treat that Nd dissolves fully after, 750～860 ℃ of insulations 10～60 minutes, alloying element Nd is evenly distributed in the magnesium melt again;
(7), last, Mg-Nd master alloy liquation is poured in the permanent mold casting mould of abundant preheating and is frozen into the ingot blank that diameter is Φ 200mm.
2, Mg-50%Nd master alloy ingot blank is squeezed into the bar of Φ 40mm, the extruding of bar comprises the steps:
(1), adopt the extrusion machine of 25000kN, the container diameter is 200mm;
(2), adopt band saw to become 500mm long the sawing of ingot blank scale, adopt lathe that the ingot blank diameter is processed into Φ 193mm;
(3), adopt process furnace with blank heating to 380 ± 5 ℃, be incubated 32 hours;
(4), the container temperature is 360 ± 5 ℃, the extrusion stem rate of advance is 7mm～9mm/ second, Mg-50%Nd master alloy ingot blank is squeezed into the bar of Φ 40mm;
(5), with shearing machine above-mentioned master alloy rod length fixing is cut into the master alloy section of 166 ± 2mm length, about 0.48 kilogram weight.
3, die casting is produced and is used the AM60B+2.0%Nd magnesium alloy smelting
(1), the supporting magnesium alloy melting furnace of employing and pressure die-casting machine, with 240 kilograms of traditional AM60B magnesium alloy fusings, in liquation, add 20 above-mentioned master alloy sections after 120～360 ℃ of preheatings, after treating that the master alloy section melts fully, the liquation that generates is exactly an AM60B+2.0%Nd magnesium alloy liquation, can carry out die casting production;
(2), the carrying out that produces along with die casting, need constantly to replenish AM60B and the master alloy section after 120～360 ℃ of preheatings, the AM60B remelting ingot casting of 1 12kg specification of every adding just adds 1 above-mentioned master alloy section simultaneously, so repeatedly, produce end until die casting.
This AM60B+2.0%Nd magnesium alloy cost is than the about increase by 10% of AM60B, and the extrusion process performance is basic suitable with AM60B, satisfies the extrusion process requirement; Creep strength when producing 0.1% creep strain under long-time load effect in 175 ℃, 100 hours, 7～9MMPa by AM60B brings up to 30～35MPa, can satisfy the application of this magnesium alloy at motorcycle crankcase.
Claims (8)
1. low-cost heat-resisting magnesium alloy, it is characterized in that: this heat resistance magnesium alloy is to add the Mg-Nd master alloy in AZ91D, AM50B or AM60B liquation, form through die casting, wherein, the add-on of the Nd of Mg-Nd master alloy is 0.10～3.0 weight % of AZ91D, AM50B or AM60B magnesium alloy amount.
2. prepare the method for the described heat resistance magnesium alloy of claim 1, it is characterized in that: this method comprises following process:
The first step, founding Mg-(20～60) weight %Nd master alloy ingot blank;
Second goes on foot, and Mg-(20～60) weight %Nd master alloy ingot blank is squeezed into wire rod or the bar of Ф 2mm～Ф 60mm;
The 3rd step, with traditional AZ91D, AM50B or the fusing of AM60B magnesium alloy, add-on by the Nd of Mg-Nd master alloy is 0.10～3.0 weight % of AZ91D, AM50B or AM60B magnesium alloy amount, the wire rod or the bar of Mg-(20～60) weight %Nd master alloy are cut into chunks, again Mg-Nd master alloy section is preheating to 120～360 ℃, add then in AZ91D, AM50B or the AM60B liquation, be cast into heat resistance magnesium alloy.
3. the method for heat resistance magnesium alloy according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described the first step process comprises the steps:
(1), with pure magnesium ingot and pure Nd, get the raw materials ready by the weight percent of the composition of Mg-(20～60) weight %Nd master alloy;
(2), preheating oven is warmed up to 160～660 ℃, and smelting furnace is warmed up to 500～800 ℃, and feeds shielding gas to smelting furnace;
(3), in preheating oven, pure magnesium ingot is preheating to 100～600 ℃, simultaneously pure Nd ingot is preheating to 100～500 ℃;
(4), in the smelting furnace of preheating, carry out the melting of pure magnesium ingot, the preheating pure magnesium ingot that at first will account for the fusing weight 1/2～1/20 of 1 smelting furnace adds in the smelting furnace, make its fusing fully under the protection of shielding gas, join remaining preheating pure magnesium ingot in the smelting furnace then in batches, after a collection of preheating pure magnesium ingot melts before treating, add the next batch preheated magnesium ingot again, every batch of add-on is submerged in the magnesium melt fully with pure magnesium ingot and is as the criterion; So repeat, reach preset value, after the fusing, the scum silica frost of molten surface is cleaned out fully, temperature is controlled at 680～860 ℃ until the pure magnesium ingot add-on;
(5), the pure Nd ingot after the preheating is submerged in the magnesium melt together with the charging basket that adds that holds them, adding charging basket is that soft steel or high chromium steel are made, and is thick with a large amount of apertures on it, is convenient to dissolving and the diffusion of Nd;
(6), the magnesium melt temperature is controlled at 720～860 ℃, treat that Nd dissolves fully after, 750～860 ℃ of insulations 10～60 minutes, alloying element Nd is evenly distributed in the magnesium melt again;
(7), last, Mg-Nd master alloy liquation is poured in the permanent mold casting mould of abundant preheating or the sand mold casting mould is frozen into ingot blank, perhaps Mg-Nd master alloy liquation is transported in the crystallizer, carry out continuously or semicontinuous casting becomes ingot blank.
4. according to the method for claim 2 or 3 described heat resistance magnesium alloys, it is characterized in that: the described second step process comprises the steps:
(1), the master alloy wire rod of preparation as required or the diameter of bar, determine the diameter of extruding with ingot blank, definite principle of ingot blank diameter is to guarantee extrusion ratio greater than 10, and the master alloy element-Nd content is high more, the extrusion ratio of employing is big more;
(2), adopt Vehicle Processing with ingot blank surface car light, ingot blank diameter and length are worked into extrusion machine internal diameter of the container and length are complementary simultaneously, normally blank diameter is than the little 3～6mm of internal diameter of the container, charge length is 1.5～2.5 times of blank diameter;
(3), adopt process furnace with blank heating to 420 ℃～530 ℃, be incubated 6～36 hours;
(4), the container temperature is 320 ℃～490 ℃, the extrusion stem rate of advance is 0.5mm～10mm/ second.
5. the method for heat resistance magnesium alloy according to claim 4 is characterized in that: in described the 3rd step process, described AZ91D, AM50B or the fusing of AM60B magnesium alloy be with the supporting magnesium alloy melting furnace of pressure die-casting machine in carry out.
6. the method for heat resistance magnesium alloy according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: in described the 3rd step process, the described step that the wire rod or the bar of Mg-(20～60) weight %Nd master alloy are cut into chunks, be according to the requirement of diecast parts, select the content of Nd in the rare earth alloy element Nd amount of need adding, the Mg-Nd master alloy and the diameter of master alloy wire rod or bar for use the magnesium alloy resistance toheat; And the content of Nd and the diameter of master alloy wire rod or bar in the rare earth alloy element Nd amount of adding according to remelting ingot casting weight specification, heat resistance magnesium alloy needs, Mg-Nd master alloy, master alloy wire rod or rod length fixing are cut into chunks, wherein, the content of the Nd in every section master alloy wire rod or the bar is the weight of the adding of every Nd in the remelting ingot casting.
7. the Mg-Nd master alloy that is added in the described heat resistance magnesium alloy of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the content of the Nd in this Mg-Nd master alloy is 20～60 weight %, and surplus is Mg.
8. Mg-Nd master alloy according to claim 7 is characterized in that: described Mg-Nd master alloy is wire rod or the bar of Ф 2mm～Ф 60mm.
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