CN101158528A - Automatic vending machine - Google Patents

Automatic vending machine Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101158528A
CN101158528A CNA2007101524080A CN200710152408A CN101158528A CN 101158528 A CN101158528 A CN 101158528A CN A2007101524080 A CNA2007101524080 A CN A2007101524080A CN 200710152408 A CN200710152408 A CN 200710152408A CN 101158528 A CN101158528 A CN 101158528A
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China
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compressor
temperature
refrigerant
heating
automatic vending
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CNA2007101524080A
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CN100570250C (en
Inventor
境寿和
金城贤治
龟井正治
平井刚树
大西康友
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Panasonic Holdings Corp
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Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/12—Inflammable refrigerants
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/70—Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating

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  • Control Of Vending Devices And Auxiliary Devices For Vending Devices (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention provides an automatic vending machine which includes the following components: an accommodating chamber for accommodating the commodity; an indoor heat exchanger arranged inside the accommodating chamber; an outdoor heat exchanger arranged outside the accommodating chamber; an expanding device for decompressing the coolant; a compressor arranged outside the accommodating chamber; and a flow circuit switching valve which does the following collection to the coolant discharged from the compressor: ensuring the coolant circulate between the expanding device and the indoor heat exchanger from the outdoor heat exchanger and at last back to the compressor, or ensuring the coolant circulate between the expanding device and the outdoor heat exchanger from the indoor heat exchanger and at last back to the compressor, the compressor, the flow circuit switching valve, the indoor heat exchanger, the expanding device and the outdoor heat exchanger are connected by the tubing, the compressor is a low-pressure shell compressor and the coolant is R600a, in the condition the accommodating chamber is heated the evaporating temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger is -10 to 10 DEG C, the condensing temperature of the indoor heat exchanger is 50 to 70 DEG C, and the lubricant oil of the low pressure shell compressor is mineral oil or ester oil with dynamic viscosity between 3 and 30 mm2/s at 40 DEG C.

Description

Automatic vending machine
The application be that October 9, application number in 2004 are 200410095991.2 the applying date, denomination of invention divides an application for the patent application of " heating system and automatic vending machine ".
Technical field
The latent heat that the automatic vending machine that the present invention relates to cooling can be to commodity such as tinned drink heating or heating the time and sell, this automatic vending machine utilization produce during by the refrigerant condensation of compressor compresses heats.
Background technology
In recent years, require to reduce significantly automatic vending machine power consumption, the method that power consumption is subdued in the used heat conduct that motion has the cooling of utilizing to be produced.This motion such as spy open the disclosed scheme of flat 5-233941 communique.
With reference to the accompanying drawings existing automatic vending machine is described.
Figure 23 is the view in existing automatic vending machine refrigerant loop.
As shown in figure 23, existing automatic vending machine has the storeroom that is made of hot/cold switching chamber 101, cooling dedicated chamber 102, the second cooling dedicated chamber 103; Switch indoor heat converter 104 in the chamber 101, be arranged on evaporimeter 105 in the cooling dedicated chamber 102, be arranged on second evaporimeter 106 in the second cooling dedicated chamber 102, be arranged on the outer outdoor heat converter 107 of storeroom, the cooling heating system that compressor 108 constitutes by being arranged on hot/cold.
And expansion valve A109, expansion valve B110, expansion valve C111 have the pressure of the refrigerant of reduction by separately and the function of closing, and open and close valve A112, open and close valve B113, open and close valve C114, open and close valve D115 control having or not of refrigerant stream respectively.
Below, the action of existing automatic vending machine with above structure is described.
Change in the heat of cooling/cold cut under the situation of chamber 101, open open and close valve A112 and open and close valve D115, close open and close valve B113 and open and close valve C114, compressor 108 is driven.The refrigerant of discharging from compressor 108 is supplied to indoor heat converter 104, evaporimeter 105, second evaporimeter 106 by expansion valve A109, expansion valve B110, expansion valve C111 decompression respectively after outdoor heat converter 107 condensations.And, reflux to compressor 108 at indoor heat converter 104, evaporimeter 105, second evaporimeter, 106 vaporized refrigerants.
At this moment, the storeroom that reaches set point of temperature in hot/cold switching chamber 101, cooling dedicated chamber 102, the second cooling dedicated chamber 103 stops the supply of refrigerant because of closing expansion valve A109, expansion valve B110, expansion valve C111 separately.And, when all storerooms reach set point of temperature, stop the running of compressor 108.
Subsequently, change in heat hot/cold cut under the situation of chamber 101, open and close valve A112, open and close valve D115 and expansion valve A109 close, and open and close valve B113 and open and close valve C114 open, and compressor 108 is driven.The refrigerant of discharging from compressor 108 once more by after outdoor heat converter 107 condensations, by expansion valve B110, expansion valve C111 decompression, is supplied to evaporimeter 105, second evaporimeter 106 by indoor heat converter 104 condensation parts respectively.And, reflux to compressor 108 at evaporimeter 105, second evaporimeter, 106 vaporized refrigerants.In addition, reach the storeroom of set point of temperature in cooling dedicated chamber 102, the second cooling dedicated chamber 103,, stop the supply of refrigerant because of closing corresponding expansion valve B110, expansion valve C111.And, when all storerooms reach set point of temperature, stop the running of compressor 108.
Wherein, the condensation waste heat of the refrigerant that use is produced when cooling dedicated chamber 102 and second is cooled off dedicated chamber 103 coolings, more effectively chamber 101 is changed in heat hot/cold cut, so, with other heaters such as using electric heater hot/cold is switched situation about heating chamber 101 and compare, can reduce power consumption.
In addition, the also useful heater of structure of existing motion adds the temperature that thermocompressor keeps lubricating oil in the compressor and remains on the above structure of uniform temperature, perhaps uses the structure of the less special lubricating oil of hydrocarbon refrigerant meltage.These motions are disclosed in the spy and open in 2000-283621 communique and the Te Kai 2001-234184 communique.Wherein, using and using general mineral oil in the freezer of hydrocarbon refrigerant is lubricating oil, still, because low pressure shell mould compressor can only use, so the coolant quantity that is dissolved in the lubricating oil is little, great problem can not occur under low evaporating temperature.The coolant quantity that dissolves in the so-called compressor lubricant oil has problem, is meant that cooling system uses the higher heat pump of evaporating temperature or the situation of high pressure shell mould compressor.
Above-mentioned existing cooling heating system is described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Figure 24 is the refrigerant loop view of existing cooling heating system.
As shown in figure 24, existing cooling heating system is used propane or the iso-butane as hydrocarbon refrigerant, and basic structure comprises high pressure shell mould compressor 201, cross valve 202, accumulator 203, outdoor heat converter 204, indoor heat converter 205.In the time of in cold room, the refrigerant of discharging from high pressure shell mould compressor 201 switches stream by cross valve 202, is supplied to indoor heat converter 205 from outdoor heat converter 204, and, reflux to high pressure shell mould compressor 201 from accumulator 203 through cross valve 202 again.Meanwhile, in the time of in heating clamber, the refrigerant of discharging from high pressure shell mould compressor 201 switches stream by cross valve 202, supplies to outdoor heat converter 204 from indoor heat converter 205.And, reflux from accumulator 203 through cross valve 1202 again and give high pressure shell mould compressor 201.
Wherein, general indoor heat converter 205 is arranged on and is used to hold that tinned drink etc. is cooled off the insulated space of the object of heating is (not shown, hereinafter referred to as accommodating chamber) in, simultaneously high pressure shell mould compressor 201, cross valve 202, accumulator 203, outdoor heat converter 204 are configured in outside the insulated space.
And continued access heating capillary 206, cooling non-return valve 207, cools off with capillary 208, is heated with non-return valve 209 and drier 210 on the pipe arrangement of junction chamber outer heat-exchanger 204 and indoor heat converter 205.Wherein, heating is connected in parallel respectively with non-return valve 209 with capillary 208 and heating with non-return valve 207 and cooling with capillary 206 and cooling, is being connected drier 210 with capillary 206 with the position of cooling off with capillary 208 clampings by heating simultaneously.And general outdoor heat converter 204, indoor heat converter 205 respectively by independently blowing fan (not shown) air-supply, promote air cooling and heat exchange as required.
Wherein, the outlet pipe arrangement place of high pressure shell mould compressor 201 disposes the sensor 211 that is used to measure effluent air temp, below high pressure shell mould compressor 201, disposing heater 212, disposing air cooling fan 213 in the side of high pressure shell mould compressor 201 to heating below the shell.
Below, the action of the existing cold and hot switched system of above structure is described.
Under the situation in the cooling accommodating chamber, the refrigerant of discharging from high pressure shell mould compressor 201 is supplied to outdoor heat converter 204 and condensation liquefaction by cross valve 202 switching streams.Use non-return valve 207 from the liquid coolant that outdoor heat converter 204 is discharged through cooling off, be supplied to drier 210.And the liquid coolant of discharging from drier 210 is reduced pressure with capillary 208 by cooling, is supplied to indoor heat converter 205 to evaporate gasification, and gas coolant passes through cross valve 202 once more, refluxes from accumulator 203 and gives high pressure shell mould compressor 201.
Under the situation in the heating accommodating chamber, the refrigerant of discharging from high pressure shell mould compressor 201 switches stream by cross valve 202, is supplied to indoor heat converter 205 and condensation liquefaction.Liquid coolant from indoor heat converter 205 is discharged is supplied to drier 210 through heating with non-return valve 209.Then, the liquid coolant from drier 210 is discharged with capillary 206 decompressions, is supplied to outdoor heat converter 204 evaporation gasifications by heating, and gas coolant passes through cross valve 202 once more, refluxes from accumulator 203 and gives high pressure shell mould compressor 201.
Wherein, under the situation of using high pressure shell mould compressor 201, the mineral oil that is stored in high pressure shell mould compressor 201 inside is lubricating oil, flows in the hydrocarbon refrigerant of condensing pressure the dissolved carbon hydrofluorocarbon refrigerant.As everyone knows, general mineral oil is lubricating oil temperature when low, can dissolve a large amount of hydrocarbon refrigerants.So, usually want the show value of monitoring sensor 211, when being lower than setting, give heater 212 energisings, and drive fan 13 is carried out air cooling when being higher than setting, and whereby, the temperature of the lubricating oil of high pressure shell mould compressor 201 and internal storage thereof keeps high and arrives closely to a certain degree.
Therefore, use heater 212 and fan 213, can keep high pressure shell mould compressor 201 temperature high, thereby the coolant quantity in the lubricating oil can reduce and remain on approximate certain value, can prevent the increase of refrigerant use amount to nearly certain value.
In recent years, people require to reduce significantly the power consumption of automatic vending machine, as the mode that reduces power consumption, and the mode that the heat pump that used heat that motion has use cool off to produce and atmospheric heat are used heats commodity such as tinned drinks.
The startability of heat pump is poor when particularly hanging down owing to the ambient atmos temperature, so, also propose such automatic vending machine, the rotating speed that improves compressor when extraneous gas temperature is low or when starting improves heating efficiency, simultaneously with the auxiliary heating efficiency that improves of auxiliary heater.This motion such as spy open the disclosed technology of 2002-288726 patent gazette.
Below, with reference to accompanying drawing existing automatic vending machine is described.
Figure 25 is the refrigerant loop diagram of the existing automatic vending machine of expression, and Figure 26 is the sequential chart that the existing automatic vending machine of expression adds thermal control.
As shown in figure 25, existing automatic vending machine disposes by hot/cold and switches the storeroom that chamber 301, cooling dedicated chamber 302, the second cooling dedicated chamber 303 constitute, and has by being arranged on hot/cold and switch indoor heat converter 304 in the chamber 301, be arranged on evaporimeter 305 in the cooling dedicated chamber 302, be arranged on the heat pump that second evaporimeter 306, the outdoor heat converter 307 that is arranged on the storeroom outside, compressors 308 in the second cooling dedicated chamber 302 constitute.Wherein, compressor 308 changes and changes corresponding to the room temperature of each storeroom, changes rotating speed, controls its ability.
Expansion valve A309, expansion valve B310, expansion valve C311 have the pressure of the refrigerant of reduction by separately and the function of closing, and open and close valve A312, open and close valve B313, open and close valve C314, open and close valve D315 control having or not that refrigerant flows respectively.
In order to subsidize the heating efficiency of finishing heat pump, the auxiliary heater 316 of the electric heater of roughly half heating efficiency with heat pump heating efficiency formation is arranged on the ventilation upside of indoor heat converter 304.
Below, the action of the above-mentioned existing automatic vending machine of above structure is described.
Change in the heat of cooling/cold cut under the situation of chamber 301, open open and close valve A312 and open and close valve D315, close open and close valve B313 and open and close valve C314, drive compression machine 308.The refrigerant of discharging from compressor 308 by outdoor heat converter 307 condensations after, respectively by expansion valve A309, expansion valve B310, expansion valve C311 decompression, and supply with to indoor heat converter 304, evaporimeter 305, second evaporimeter 306.And, reflux to compressor 308 by the refrigerant of indoor heat converter 304, evaporimeter 305,306 evaporations of second evaporimeter.
At this moment, hot/cold switches the storeroom that reaches set point of temperature in chamber 301, cooling dedicated chamber 302, the second cooling dedicated chamber 303, by closing corresponding expansion valve A309, expansion valve B310, expansion valve C311, stops the supply of refrigerant.And, when all storerooms reach set point of temperature, stop the running of compressor 308.
Secondly, change in heat hot/cold cut under the situation of chamber 301, close open and close valve A312, open and close valve D315 and expansion valve A309, open open and close valve B313, open and close valve C314, compressor 308 is driven.The refrigerant of discharging from compressor 308,, is supplied with to evaporimeter 305, second evaporimeter 306 respectively by expansion valve B310, expansion valve C311 decompression once more by after outdoor heat converter 307 condensations by indoor heat converter 304 condensation parts.And, reflux to compressor 308 by the refrigerant of evaporimeter 305,306 evaporations of second evaporimeter.Reach the storeroom of set point of temperature in cooling dedicated chamber 302, the second cooling dedicated chamber 303,, stop the supply of refrigerant by closing corresponding expansion valve B310, expansion valve C311.And when all storerooms reached set point of temperature, compressor 308 shut down.
Wherein, the condensation waste heat of the refrigerant that produces when dedicated chamber 303 is cooled off is cooled off in use to cooling dedicated chamber 302 and second, can more effectively switch chamber 301 to hot/cold heats, so, with other heaters such as using electric heater hot/cold is switched situation about heating chamber 301 and compare, can subdue power consumption.
Secondly, with reference to Figure 26, the state variation that ON/ closes OFF of opening that hot/cold switches the room temperature rotating speed that change, compressor 308 of chamber 301 and auxiliary heater 316 for respect to heating the time elaborates.
Figure 26 is a sequential chart of representing to get time section t0～t27 with transverse axis.From upward be expressed as successively that the room temperature that hot/cold switches chamber 301 changes, the condensation temperature of indoor heat converter 304 changes, the heating efficiency summation of the rotating speed of the ON/OFF state of auxiliary heater 316, compressor 308, the heat pump that constitutes by auxiliary heater 316 and compressor 308 etc.And, the T0 that puts down in writing on the longitudinal axis of room temperature represents outside air temperature, T1 represents to connect as the heater of the benchmark of auxiliary heater 316 work the heater break-off signal of the benchmark of temperature and conduct disconnection auxiliary heater 316, T2 represents the acceleration temperature as the benchmark of compressor 308 rotating speed speedups, and T3 represents the deceleration temperature as the benchmark of compressor 308 rotating speeds deceleration.And, the target temperature the when Tp that puts down in writing on the condensation temperature longitudinal axis represents that commodity that hot/cold switches storage in the chamber 301 heat, Tq is illustrated in the upper limit condensation temperature of wishing on the basis of guaranteeing compressor 308 reliabilities.
Wherein, auxiliary heater 316 is to connect temperature if room temperature is lower than heater, just presents on-state, closes off-state if reach just to present more than the heater break-off signal.And compressor 308 is lower than under the situation of quickening temperature in room temperature, and rotating speed speedup successively is N1, N2, N3, N4; If reach more than the deceleration temperature, rotating speed slows down successively and is N4, N3, N2, N1.In general, having that minimum speed N1 is about 20～30rps in the compressor 308 of reciprocating compressor structure, the ratio of minimum speed N1 and maximum speed N4 is set at 1: 3～4 degree.It is that producing under the specific rotation speeds resonates causes taking place abnormal vibrations or noise in order to avoid that what is called makes the discontinuous variation of compressor 308 rotating speeds, and this is to the machine particular importance of the indoor setting of automatic vending machine and so on.
In Figure 26, time t0 is that room temperature drops to the primary starting state near ambient atmos temperature T 0, because room temperature is lower than T1, auxiliary heater 316 presents on-state.And compressor 308 is worked with maximum speed N4.This is owing to need big heating efficiency in the starting state in the early stage, detects behind the primary starting state of power connection and door switching beginning, and enforce compression machine 308 is worked with maximum speed N4.
And when time t3, room temperature surpasses T1, and auxiliary heater 316 presents off-state; At time t8, when room temperature surpassed T3, compressor 308 decelerated to minimum speed N1.What is called rotating speed of compressor 308 when time t8 drops to N1 from N4 quickly, is meant that the room temperature that produces in inhibition time t8～t13 interval excessively heats up.This be since in the early stage starting state lower compression machine 308 turn round for a long time with maximum speed N4, so, condensation temperature rises, indoor heat converter 304 and its circumferential component excessively heat up in time t6～t8 section, even the rotating speed of compressor 308 descends gradually, heating efficiency can not descend yet, so the rotating speed of compressor 308 will reduce quickly.
In time t8～t18 section,, room temperature is descended gradually by keeping the minimum speed N1 of compressor 308; At time t19, when room temperature drops to T2, compressor 308 rotating speeds gradually from the N1 speedup to N4.As a result, the condensation temperature of indoor heat converter 304 rises once more, has improved heating efficiency, and after time t22, room temperature rises once more.
Subsequently, when room temperature surpassed T3, compressor 308 slowed down successively, and when room temperature dropped to T2, compressor 308 carried out speedup one by one repeatedly, and room temperature is tended towards stability.When the ambient atmos increase in temperature and heating load hour, even compressor 308 rotates with minimum speed N1, room temperature also can rise to and be higher than T3, when the ceiling temperature (not shown) that rises to above room temperature, stops the running of compressor 308.
So, connect at the heater that is higher than auxiliary heater 316 under the high temperature of temperature and heater break-off signal, by the ability of control compressor 308, just can control heating as best one can, and can realize using high-efficiency heat pump to carry out ambient-temp-stable control based on auxiliary heater 316.
Wherein, compressor 308 is speedup or time interval of slowing down one by one one by one, i.e. the stand-by period that changes to next time after compressor 308 rotation speed change, wish to be set to about several minutes to tens of minutes.Even because compressor 308 rotating speeds speedup or slow down and can not change heating efficiency rapidly rapidly, so behind ambient-temp-stable, when the rotating speed of compressor 308 changed rapidly, the excessive intensification of indoor heat converter 304 became big, instead the change of room temperature increases.
Auxiliary heater 316 is arranged on the ventilation upside of indoor heat converter 304, and the primary starting state that room temperature is special low provides the air that is higher than room temperature can for down indoor heat converter 304, and compressor 308 starts, and wishes and can shorten the time that rises to condensation temperature.
Existing automatic vending machine, also having proposed is the system of the usefulness heat pump of purpose with energy-conservation.This motion is disclosed in the spy and opens in the 2002-277147 communique.
Figure 27 is the special refrigerant loop diagram of driving the existing automatic vending machine of being put down in writing in the 2002-277147 communique of expression.As shown in figure 27, be divided into three in the automatic vending hangar, correspond to respectively that cooling private library (hereinafter referred to as left chamber), cooling add heat reservoir B (hereinafter referred to as middle chamber), cooling adds heat reservoir C (hereinafter referred to as the right ventricle), and being provided with utilizing side unit 401A (the specific side unit that utilizes), utilizing side unit 401B and utilize side unit 401C of describing in detail later, each unit is provided with pressure fan separately.Heat source side unit 402 and pressure fan 420 in the storehouse of automatic vending machine arranged outside.And, by these heat source side unit 402, utilize side unit 401A～401C to constitute the cooling/heating apparatus of automatic vending machine.
Below, the refrigerant loop is described.Heat source side unit 402 formations comprise compressor 418, heat source side heat exchanger 419 and gas-liquid separator 421 etc., utilize side unit 401A, 401B and 401C to have the side of utilization heat exchanger 412A, 412B and 412C.And, on heat source side heat exchanger 419, transfer valve 405A, 405B branch are connected on the refrigerant discharge pipe 403 and refrigerant suction line 404 of compressor 418.In addition, pipe arrangement 406 is made of the high-pressure gas pipe 407 that is connected with refrigerant discharge pipe 403 branches, the low-pressure gas pipe 408 and the liquid pipe 409 that are connected with refrigerant suction line 404 branches between the unit, and pipe arrangement 406 connects heat source side unit 402 and utilizes side unit 401A, 401B, 401C between this unit.
And, utilize the side heat exchanger 412A that utilizes of side unit 401A to be connected with low-pressure gas pipe 408, simultaneously, be connected on the liquid pipe 409 by control valve for refrigerant flow such as electric expansion valve 414.Utilize utilize side heat exchanger 412B, the 412C of side unit 401B, 401C to be connected on high-pressure gas pipe 407 and the low-pressure gas pipe 408 by transfer valve 410A, 410B, 411A, 411B branch respectively, and be connected on the liquid pipe 409 by control valve for refrigerant flow 415,416 such as electrodynamic type expansion valves.
In addition, control valve for refrigerant flow 417 such as electrodynamic type expansion valve is installed in the liquid pipe 409.Because of only cooling off left chamber, utilize side unit 401A as utilizing side unit 401B, 401C, transfer valve 410A, 410B, 411A, 411B need not be set, and transfer valve is connected with refrigerant suction line 404 branches with refrigerant discharge pipe 403, also can carry out good heating.In addition, also can be used as the heating dedicated chamber to left chamber, in this case, certainly will be utilizing side heat exchanger 412A to be connected on the high-pressure gas pipe 407.
Wherein, each capacity of heat exchanger of existing embodiment is decided to be at 1 o'clock with the capacity that utilizes side heat exchanger 412B, and setting and utilizing the capacity of side heat exchanger 412C is 2, and the capacity that utilizes side heat exchanger 412A is 3, and the capacity of heat source side heat exchanger 419 is 6.
Below, Figure 28 is the special pie graph of opening the existing control device of automatic vendor of being put down in writing in the 2002-277147 communique of expression.As shown in figure 28, control device C is made of mini-computer 422, and input side is connecting the commodity selection button and is being installed in temperature sensor 423A, 423B, 423C as temperature-detecting device in left chamber, middle chamber, the right ventricle respectively.And, connecting each transfer valve 405A, 405B, 410A, 410B, 411A, 411B and each control valve for refrigerant flow 414,415,416 and control valve for refrigerant flow 417, compressor 418, each pressure fan and each commodity carrying out device at the outlet side of mini-computer 422.
Figure 29 is the special pie graph of driving the existing automatic vending machine of being put down in writing in the 2002-277147 communique of expression.As shown in figure 29, compressor 418 and heat source side heat exchanger 419 are arranged in the same wind path, carry out heat exchange simultaneously by heat release fan 420.
The following describes the action of the automatic vending machine of above structure.
At first, to describing as the situation of cold room cooling commodity with left chamber, middle chamber, right ventricle's integral body.
The temperature that aforementioned temperature sensor 423A, 423B, 423C detect is when the cooling setpoint temperature is above, mini-computer 422 is opened the transfer valve 405A of the refrigerant discharge pipe 403 of heat source side heat exchanger 419, close the transfer valve 405B of refrigerant suction line 404, and close transfer valve 410A, the 411A of the high-pressure gas pipe 407 that utilizes side heat exchanger 412B, 412C, open transfer valve 410B, the 411B of low-pressure gas pipe 408.
Therefore, the refrigerant of discharging from compressor 418 flows through refrigerant discharge pipe 403, transfer valve 405A, heat source side heat exchanger 419 and thus behind the condensation liquefaction successively, through control valve for refrigerant flow 417 and liquid pipe 409, distribute to the control valve for refrigerant flow 414,415,416 of respectively utilizing side unit 401A, 401B, 401C, reduce pressure.
In addition, at this moment, microcomputer 422 is control valve for refrigerant flow 417 standard-sized sheets, and simultaneously, control valve for refrigerant flow 414,415,416 is regulated amount of restriction according to the output of temperature sensor 423A, 423B, 423C.Then, after the refrigerant that flows through each control valve for refrigerant flow 414,415,416 flows to and respectively utilizes side heat exchanger 412A, 412B, 412C and evaporation gasification, from utilizing side heat exchanger 412B, 412C, flow into low-pressure gas pipe 408 through transfer valve 410B, 411B, flow into low-pressure gas pipe 408 from utilizing side heat exchanger 412 A to begin former state.And, pass through refrigerant suction line 404, gas-liquid separator 421 successively at the refrigerant at low-pressure gas pipe 408 interflow, suck compressor 418.
Like this, in this case, heat source side heat exchanger 419 is as condenser, and all utilize side heat exchanger 412A, 412B, 412C as evaporimeter, so, can cool off simultaneously left chamber, middle chamber, right ventricle's integral body.The capacity of heat source side heat exchanger 419 equals the capacity summation that all utilize side heat exchanger 412A～412C substantially as the aforementioned, so, fully can be by heat source side heat exchanger 419 bulk storages from the used heat that utilizes side heat exchanger 412A, 412B, 412C to come out as the evaporimeter utilization.
Below, advance to cool off situation the about on the other hand right ventricle being heated for chamber on the one hand left chamber being reached and describe.
For example, the temperature that temperature sensor 423A, 423B detect is when the cooling setpoint temperature is above, mini-computer 422 is opened the transfer valve 405A of heat source side heat exchanger 419, close transfer valve 405B simultaneously, and close the transfer valve 410A that utilizes side heat exchanger 412B that cools off, open transfer valve 410B, and open the transfer valve 411A that utilizes side heat exchanger 412C that heats, close transfer valve 411B.
Therefore, the part of the refrigerant of discharging from compressor 418 is passed through refrigerant discharge pipe 403, transfer valve 434A successively, flow into heat source side heat exchanger 419, and, remaining refrigerant passes through high-pressure gas pipe 407, and utilizes side heat exchanger 412C from the transfer valve 411A flow direction of utilizing side unit 401C that heats.And, utilize side heat exchanger 412C and heat source side heat exchanger 419 place's condensation liquefactions at this.By the refrigerant of these heat exchangers 412C, 419 condensation liquefactions,, after control valve for refrigerant flow 414,415 decompressions that utilize side unit 401A, 401B, flow into respectively and utilize side heat exchanger 412A, 412B, the evaporation gasification through liquid pipe 409.
In addition, microcomputer 422 is control valve for refrigerant flow 416 and control valve for refrigerant flow 417 standard-sized sheets, and simultaneously, control valve for refrigerant flow 414,415 is regulated according to the output of temperature sensor 423A, 423B.
Flow through and utilize the refrigerant of side heat exchanger 412A, flow in the low-pressure gas pipe 408, after the refrigerant that flows into low-pressure gas pipe 408 after through transfer valve 410B with the refrigerant that utilizes side heat exchanger 412B of flowing through collaborates, suck compressors 418 through refrigerant suction line 404, gas-liquid separator 421 successively.So, in this case,, can heat the right ventricle because of utilizing side heat exchanger 412C as condenser, utilize side heat exchanger 412A, the 412B that are used as evaporimeter make left chamber and the cooling of middle chamber.
When the cooling heating moves simultaneously like this, utilize control valve for refrigerant flow 416 standard-sized sheets of side unit 401C, can not produce the refrigerant pressure loss, still, microcomputer 422 usefulness control valve for refrigerant flow 417 are carried out the pressure adjusting, make the liquid coolant pressure in the liquid pipe 409 can not reach balance.
Therefore, in utilizing side unit 401C,, can effectively carry out recuperation of heat and utilization, can move expeditiously because the used heat of generation heats the right ventricle when utilizing side unit 401A and 401B cooling.So, compare with the existing automatic vending machine that only heats with electric heater, can reduce power consumption, reduce operating cost.
Below, add the situation of pining for chamber, right ventricle to cooling off left chamber and describe.
The temperature that temperature sensor 423A detects is when the cooling setpoint temperature is above, aforementioned microcomputer 422 is closed the transfer valve 405A and the 405B of heat source side heat exchanger 419, and, open the transfer valve 410A that utilizes side heat exchanger 412B that heats, close transfer valve 410B, open the transfer valve 411A that utilizes side heat exchanger 412C, close transfer valve 411B.
Therefore, the refrigerant of discharging from compressor 418 respectively utilizes side heat exchanger 412B, 412C through refrigerant discharge pipe 403, high-pressure gas pipe 407 from each transfer valve 410A, 411A flow direction of respectively utilizing side unit 401B, 401C that heats, and by utilizing side heat exchanger 412B, 412C condensation liquefaction.And, through liquid pipe 438, after control valve for refrigerant flow 414 decompressions that utilize side unit 401A, gasify by utilizing side heat exchanger 412A to evaporate by these refrigerants that utilize side heat exchanger 412B, 412C condensation liquefaction.
In addition, microcomputer 422 is control valve for refrigerant flow 415,416 and control valve for refrigerant flow 417 standard-sized sheets, and control valve for refrigerant flow 414 is regulated according to the output of temperature sensor 423A.
Flow through the refrigerant that utilizes side heat exchanger 412A and flow into low-pressure gas pipe 408, suck compressor 418 through refrigerant suction line 404, gas-liquid separator 421 successively.So in this case, what be used as condenser utilizes side heat exchanger 412B, 412C centering chamber, right ventricle to heat; The side heat exchanger 412A that utilizes as evaporimeter cools off left chamber.
As mentioned above, utilize having added heat utilization and utilizing the used heat that side unit 401A when cooling produce of side unit 401B, 401C,, can move expeditiously so can carry out recuperation of heat and utilization effectively.
Wherein, respectively utilizing in side heat exchanger 412A, 412B, the 412C capacity separately among the existing embodiment, the capacity (ratio 1) of the aforementioned capacity (ratio 3) that utilizes side heat exchanger 412=utilize side heat exchanger 412B+the utilize capacity (ratio 2) of side heat exchanger 412C.Therefore, can all utilize side heat exchanger 412A to play evaporimeter makes the used heat of time spent and heats utilizing side heat exchanger 412B, 412C, so, do not need to use 419 pairs of used heat of heat source side heat exchanger to handle, can there be high-efficiency operation waste, that realize by recuperation of heat.
Therefore, in this case, compare, can reduce power consumption, can reduce operating cost with the existing automatic vending machine that only heats with electric heater.
In this known structure, utilize the heat of outside air to cool off in this heat pump of heating, compressor 418 and heat source side heat exchanger 419 are arranged in the same wind path, carry out heat exchange simultaneously by heat release fan 424.Make heat source side heat exchanger 419 as under the situation of condenser, compressor 418 and heat source side heat exchanger 419 can carry out the air cooling simultaneously, so convenient.
But, the ambient atmos temperature low and heat source side heat exchanger 419 as under the situation of evaporimeter, existing problems are that the temperature of compressor 418 is low excessively, refrigerant condensation delay compressor 418 in, and make intrasystem cold medium shortage etc.
Figure 30 A and Figure 30 B are the special pie graphs of opening the existing compressor heat insulating member of putting down in writing in the flat 8-193590 communique of expression.The structure that motion has round compressor 418, can too not descend the temperature of compressor 418 with heat-barrier materials such as glass fibre 424 shown in Figure 30 A and Figure 30 B.
And, the high fin-tube heat exchanger of heat source side heat exchanger 419 use abilities.
Summary of the invention
The automatic vending machine of a kind of heating system and this system of use comprises:
The storehouse inner condenser; With
Evaporimeter outside the storehouse,
Storehouse temperature is maintained 50～70 ℃.
The automatic vending machine of a kind of heating system and this system of use comprises:
The storehouse inner condenser; With
Evaporimeter outside the storehouse,
Storehouse temperature is maintained 50～70 ℃.
Evaporating temperature commonly used is-10～10 ℃, and condensation temperature commonly used is at 60～80 ℃.
A kind of automatic vending machine comprises:
Be used to hold the hot/cold switching chamber of commodity;
Constitute by compressor, condenser, expansion mechanism and evaporimeter, and utilize the heat of atmosphere that above-mentioned hot/cold is switched the heat pump that heat the chamber;
Simultaneously above-mentioned hot/cold is switched the heater as heating source that heat the chamber with above-mentioned heat pump;
Be used to detect the indoor temperature transmitter that hot/cold switches the indoor air temperature of chamber; And
According to the comparison of indoor temperature transmitter temperature that detects and the fiducial temperature of being scheduled to, the adjustment control device of the rotating speed of control compressor,
In the detected temperatures of indoor temperature transmitter is when making the acceleration temperature of compressor rotary speed speedup following, in each time of quickening to wait for, and the compressor speedup;
In the detected temperatures of indoor temperature transmitter is deceleration temperature when above, and in each time of waiting for of slowing down, compressor slows down.
A kind of automatic vending machine comprises:
Be used to hold the hot/cold switching chamber of commodity;
Be arranged on hot/cold and switch indoor indoor condenser;
Be arranged on the outdoor heat converter that the spiral fin coil outside the marker space that holds commodity forms;
Compressor;
The heat release fan; And
Wind path,
In wind path inside, disposing outdoor heat converter and heat release fan, be provided with heating system.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the automatic vending machine refrigerant loop diagram in the expression embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 2 is the figure of the compressor working pressure scope of automatic vending machine in the same embodiment of expression.
Fig. 3 is the figure of the compressor capacity of automatic vending machine in the same embodiment of expression.
Fig. 4 is the figure of the compressor efficiency of automatic vending machine in the same embodiment of expression.
Fig. 5 is the sectional view of the compressor of automatic vending machine in the same embodiment of expression.
Fig. 6 is the refrigerant loop diagram of cooling heating system in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is the figure of refrigerant meltage characteristic in the oil of expression embodiment of the present invention mineral oil in fluid A.
Fig. 8 is the figure of the oil viscosity characteristic of expression embodiment of the present invention mineral oil in fluid A.
Fig. 9 is the figure of refrigerant meltage characteristic in the oil of expression embodiment of the present invention mineral oil in fluid B.
Figure 10 is the figure of the oil viscosity characteristic of expression embodiment of the present invention mineral oil in fluid B.
Figure 11 is the refrigerant loop diagram of automatic vending machine in the embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 12 is the sequential chart that adds thermal control of automatic vending machine in the embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 13 is the refrigerant loop diagram of automatic vending machine in the embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 14 is the sequential chart that adds thermal control of automatic vending machine in the embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 15 is the refrigeration cycle diagram of automatic vending machine in the embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 16 is the longitudinal section of automatic vending machine in the embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 17 A is the plane of the Machine Room of automatic vending machine in the embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 17 B is the sectional view of the Machine Room of automatic vending machine in the embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 18 is the refrigeration cycle diagram of automatic vending machine in the embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 19 is the whole longitudinal section of automatic vending machine in the embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 20 is the sectional view of the Machine Room of automatic vending machine in the embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 21 is the stereogram of outdoor heat converter in the embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 22 is the sectional view of the Machine Room of automatic vending machine in the embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 23 is the refrigerant loop diagram of existing automatic vending machine.
Figure 24 is the refrigerant loop diagram of existing cooling heating system.
Figure 25 is the refrigerant loop diagram of existing automatic vending machine.
Figure 26 is the sequential chart that adds thermal control of existing automatic vending machine.
Figure 27 is the refrigerant loop diagram of existing automatic vending machine.
Figure 28 is the pie graph of existing control device of automatic vendor.
Figure 29 is the pie graph of existing automatic vending machine.
Figure 30 A is the pie graph of existing compressor heat insulating member.
Figure 30 B is the pie graph of existing compressor heat insulating member.
The specific embodiment
The optimised form that carries out an invention
(embodiment 1)
In above-mentioned existing structure, when hot/cold switching chamber is heated, the cooling dedicated chamber and the second cooling dedicated chamber are cooled off, so, must realize simultaneously the shrinkage temperature more than 60 ℃ and evaporating temperature in the condition below-10 ℃, must develop this new high pressure resistant contracting, become problem than the middle low temperature compressor of condition.
In general, the freezing air conditioner compressor be suitable for evaporating temperature-30～-20 ℃ so low freezing low temperature with compressor be suitable for evaporating temperature and with compressor very big difference arranged with compressor and the middle temperature that is suitable for their middle evaporating temperature-20～-10 ℃ at the high temperature of-10～+ 10 ℃ of higher like this idle calls.In the temperature of cold drink is that 5 ℃, the temperature of hot beverage are in 55 ℃ the automatic vending machine, and cold drink is cooled off in the use temperature with compressor or low temperature compressor.
Using the system of these compressors, is prerequisite because of being arranged to carry out heat exchange with the normal temperature atmosphere, and the scope of application of compressor is limited in condensation temperature below 60 ℃ usually.Therefore, need exploitation to surpass the compressor of 60～80 ℃ of the condensation temperatures of this qualification for the ability that the high-temperature atmosphere around the hot beverage is heated.As a result, in order to realize cold drink and hot drink at same system, must evaporating temperature newly developed be that-30～-10 ℃ and condensation temperature are the interior spendable compressors of 60～80 ℃ of scopes.
The present invention proposes for solving existing issue, and its purpose is that motion is conceived to the heating system that the compressor action condition realizes easily, provides the automatic vending machine of power consumption in the time of reducing heating.
In order to solve above-mentioned existing issue, automatic vending machine of the present invention, except the cooling device of the cooling dedicated chamber and the second cooling dedicated chamber, also have hot/cold is switched the special-purpose heating system that heat the chamber, simultaneously, also having with R600a as this heating system is that the high temperature of refrigerant is with evaporimeter outside the reciprocating compressor, storehouse inner condenser, storehouse.
Therefore, carry out heat exchange with the atmosphere outside evaporimeter and the storehouse outside the storehouse of special designs, evaporating temperature maintains under-10～10 ℃ the hot conditions, can reduce compression ratio, simultaneously, use the high temperature reciprocating compressor as refrigerant with R600a, energy is general to be the main composition parts of the low temperature of refrigerant with reciprocating compressor with mass-produced R134a; Be under 60～80 ℃ the strict heating condition in evaporating temperature, still guarantee the durability of compressor easily, realize the high efficiency of compressor for-10～10 ℃ and condensation temperature.
Automatic vending machine of the present invention, having hot/cold is switched the special-purpose heating system that heat the chamber, is that about 1 heater is compared with efficiencies of heating surface such as using electric heater, realizes the efficiency of heating surface of twice degree easily, so, can significantly reduce the power consumption of automatic vending machine.
As an embodiment, the relative value of low pressure, high-pressure, compression ratio, effluent air temp, volume ability and theoretical efficiency under evaporating temperature-15 in the various refrigerants that use in the freezing machine ℃/70 ℃ of conditions of condensation temperature is illustrated in the table 1, the relative value of the low pressure under the condition of 70 ℃ of 5 ℃/condensation temperatures of evaporating temperature, high-pressure, compression ratio, discharge temperature, volume ability and theoretical efficiency is illustrated in the table 2.Wherein, the value of table 1 and table 2 is the calculated values under the heat insulation contractive condition of 0 ℃ of supercooling, 32 ℃ of suction temperature.Wherein, the R407C in table 1 and the table 2, the mean temperature of selected liquidus curve and gaseous line is the low pressure and the high-pressure of set point of temperature.
Table 1
Kind The higher boiling refrigerant The low boiling refrigerant
The refrigerant numbering R134a R600a R407C R290
Boiling point (℃) -26.1 -11.6 (-40) -42.1
Low pressure (kPa) 164 89 300 292
High pressure (kPa) 2117 1086 3300 2586
Compression ratio 12.9 12.2 11.0 8.9
Effluent air temp (℃) 123 105 137 120
The volume ability 52 29 88 77
Theoretical efficiency 75 80 72 74
Table 2
Kind The higher boiling refrigerant The low boiling refrigerant
The refrigerant numbering R134a R600a R407C R290
Boiling point (℃) -26.1 -11.6 (-40) -42.1
Low pressure (kPa) 243 130 603 406
High pressure (kPa) 2117 1086 3300 2586
Compression ratio 8.7 8.4 5.5 6.4
Effluent air temp (℃) 112 95 111 109
The volume ability 100 55 156 131
Theoretical efficiency 100 106 95 97
As shown in table 1, under the condition that evaporating temperature-15 ℃/condensation temperature is 70 ℃, when using higher boiling refrigerant R134a or R600a, compression ratio surpasses 12, so, producing under the actual start condition of overcompression, the effluent air temp abnormal ascending is arranged and reduce the worry of compressor durability.And surpass 2.5MPa because of high-pressure when using low boiling refrigerant R407C or R290, so the anti-load of also worrying bearing portion is not enough and produce abnormal wear, reduce the durability of compressor.
In addition, as shown in table 2, under 70 ℃ of conditions of 5 ℃/condensation temperature of evaporating temperature, when using higher boiling refrigerant R134a or R600a compression ratio less than 9, but in the common scope of application.R600a compares with R134a, and the volume ability is little and efficient is high, so, be applicable to that the such ability of heating system that the automatic vending machine storeroom that surrounds with heat insulating member is heated is little and require high efficiency situation.In addition, under this condensation temperature condition, when using low boiling refrigerant R407C or R290, high-pressure increases, and the compressor durability has problems the aspect less than changing.
Use can be kept the reciprocating compressor of evaporating pressure in the shell, and condensing pressure rises to the characteristic good of suitable storehouse temperature pressure during intermittent working, can reduce to add heat loss, realization high efficiency along with the intermitten operation of compressor.
The present invention, can shorten the temperature that condensation temperature is about 80 ℃ beverage can etc. is heated to about 55 ℃ hot temperature from room temperature heat time heating time, simultaneously, in the temperature maintenance of beverage can that will heat etc. in about 55 ℃ following time of hot temperature, condensation temperature is about 60 ℃ the basic running continuously of compressor, therefore, can cut down the heat loss that adds, reach high efficiency along with the intermitten operation of compressor.
Automatic vending machine of the present invention, using the minimum heating efficiency of 0 ℃ of evaporating temperature, 60 ℃ of condensation temperatures is the frequency-changeable compressor of 100～300W (inverter compressor) heating system, when the beverage can equitemperature that heated is kept about 55 ℃ hot temperature, the rotating speed of compressor descends, minimum heating efficiency is 100～300W, even the basic operation continuously of compressor does not need remaining heating efficiency is discharged outside the storehouse, can reach the purpose of high efficiency.
In the heating system that automatic vending machine of the present invention uses, compressor is the low temperature reciprocating compressor shared main composition parts of 50～300W with the refrigerating capacity that is 40 ℃ of refrigerant, evaporating temperature-30 ℃ and condensation temperatures with R134a, under the high condensation temperature of the compressor boundary that surpasses common aerial condenser use, can guarantee durability, high efficiency in the time of realizing simultaneously little ability, simultaneously, the versatility height can be realized compressor cheaply.
Below, describe with reference to the form of implementation of accompanying drawing automatic vending machine of the present invention.Wherein, the part identical with existing structure represented with same label, detailed.
Fig. 1 is the refrigerant loop diagram of the automatic vending machine of embodiment 1; Fig. 2 is the diagrammatic sketch of the compressor working pressure scope of expression embodiment 1; Fig. 3 is the diagrammatic sketch of the compressor capacity of expression embodiment 1; Fig. 4 is the diagrammatic sketch of the compressor efficiency of expression embodiment 1; Fig. 5 is the sectional view of the compressor of embodiment 1.
As shown in Figure 1, automatic vending machine of the present invention, have by hot/cold and switch the storeroom that chamber 101, cooling dedicated chamber 102, the second cooling dedicated chamber 103 constitute, also have by be refrigerant, high temperature with R600a with reciprocating compressor 120, be arranged on that hot/cold switches switching chamber condenser 121 in the chamber 101, is arranged on the outer switching chamber evaporimeter 122 of storeroom, heating is exclusively used in the heating system that hot/cold switching chamber 101 is heated with what expansion valve 123 constituted.
Switch chamber condenser 121 and indoor heat converter 104 or evaporimeter 105, second evaporimeter 106 is the same, be the fin-tube heat exchanger form, need not consider frosting, high condensation ability is preferential, fin interval or pipe are narrow at interval, and the mobile pipe that becomes counter current flow that is designed to refrigerant and air is connected.Therefore, the difference of condensation temperature among heating efficiency 200～300W and blow out air temperature is controlled at about 10 ℃.
On the other hand, switch chamber evaporimeter 122 and will consider frosting under the condition of low ambient atmos temperature, so, be designed to identical with indoor heat converter 104 or evaporimeter 105, second evaporimeter 106.
The refrigerant pressure that heating is passed through with 123 pairs of expansion valves reduces, and regulates evaporator pressure with this.Particularly after the startup that condensation temperature does not also have to rise, heating becomes big with the aperture of expansion valve 123, and internal circulating load increases, and can improve the rising characteristic of condensation temperature.
Wherein, high temperature is to use in the reciprocating compressor at the low temperature that the home-use freezer that is refrigerant uses with R134a with reciprocating compressor 120, sneaks into the compressor that refrigerant R600a and mineral oil are refrigerator oil.This low temperature reciprocating compressor is driven by the DC frequency converter, and to be 54.4 ℃, evaporating temperature be-23.3 ℃ refrigerating capacity to the condensation temperature that is converted into standard conditions, and ability can change in the scope of 100～250W.
Fig. 2 represents the diagrammatic sketch that the working pressure scope of the low temperature reciprocating compressor that compressor working pressure scope of the present invention and home-use freezer use is compared.In Fig. 2, existing example A is to be the low temperature reciprocating compressor that the home-use freezer of refrigerant uses with R134a, generally uses in evaporating temperature-40～-5 ℃, 60 ℃ of the condensation temperature upper limits, the pressure limit of compression ratio below 12.Existing example B with R600a is the low temperature reciprocating compressor that the home-use freezer of refrigerant uses, and is the same with existing example A, generally uses in evaporating temperature-40～-5 ℃, 60 ℃ of the condensation temperature upper limits, the scope of compression ratio below 12.The pressure limit of so-called existing example A and existing example B is not both owing to compare the relative low event of the pressure of R600a with R134a under same saturation temperature.
In addition, as shown in Figure 2, high temperature of the present invention is refrigerant with reciprocating compressor 120 with R600a, is used on evaporating temperature-10～+ 10 ℃, the condensation temperature and is limited to 75 ℃ pressure limit.This pressure limit shown in the existing example A be with R134a the low temperature that uses in the home-use freezer of refrigerant with in the scope of reciprocating compressor, can have big problem ground to use.Therefore, high temperature of the present invention can use at the low temperature that uses as the home-use freezer of refrigerant with R134a shown in the existing example A with reciprocating compressor 120 and sneak into refrigerant R600a in reciprocating compressor and mineral oil is the mode of refrigerator oil.
Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 are the diagrammatic sketch of the expression compressor heating efficiency of the present invention and the efficiency of heating surface.Numerical value shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 is compressor monomer calorimeter measured value in 60 ℃ of the condensation temperatures.Wherein, the compresser cylinder volume of existing example A is the about 1/2 of existing example B volume of cylinder, the heating efficiency of existing example A and the efficiency of heating surface basic identical with existing example B in the temperature of same action.
As shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, compressor heating efficiency of the present invention is compressor about 1/2 of existing example B, but can reach the efficient more than equal in the high-temperature area of evaporating temperature-10～+ 10 ℃.This is because low-temperature region efficient the best that the compressor of existing example A and existing example B can be designed as in evaporating temperature-30～-15 ℃.When compressor of the present invention uses in the low-temperature region of evaporating temperature-30～-15 ℃, compare with the reduction of the dead losses such as slippage loss of bearing portion, the reduction of amount of work is bigger, compares with the compressor of existing example B with existing example A and has reduced efficient significantly.Equally, amount of work was excessive when the compressor of existing example A and existing example B used in the high-temperature area of former evaporating temperature-10～+ 10 ℃, and the slippage loss of bearing increases unusually, and the torque deficiency of CD-ROM drive motor can cause efficient to reduce.
Therefore, be that the low temperature that uses of the home-use freezer of refrigerant is with in the reciprocating compressor with R134a shown in the existing example A, add the little R600a of volume ability and be used for the high-temperature area of evaporating temperature-10～+ 10 ℃, can guarantee the amount of work that balances each other with dead loss such as bearing slippage loss.Thereby as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, compression function of the present invention reaches and the equal above efficient of the compressor that has example B now.
In addition, as shown in Figure 2, compressor of the present invention can former state use in the pressure limit shown in the existing example A, even also can work on no problem ground in 75～80 ℃ the condensation temperature that is higher than existing example, simultaneously, can keep the high efficiency of heating surface.Wherein, surpassing under 80 ℃ of condensation temperatures, effluent air temp surpasses 100 ℃ significantly, may produce hot deteriorations such as circulating frozen machine oil, so, should notice that the temperature of discharge gas in service and the temperature of compressor self rise.
Fig. 5 is the sectional view of high temperature of the present invention with compressor 120.
As shown in Figure 5, high temperature of the present invention with the structure that compressor 120 adopts is, holding refrigerator oil 1102 in airtight container 1101, a pair of electric element 1105 that is made of stator 1103 and rotor 1104 and the compressing member 1106 that is provided with on electric element 1105.
Below, the detailed structure and the action of compressing member 1106 described.
Bent axle 1110 has the main shaft part 1111 and the relative main shaft part 1111 eccentric eccentric parts 1112 that form that is pressed into fixed rotor 1104.Cylinder block 1120 has the bearing portion 1123 of discharge chambe 1122 and indication (support) main shaft part 1111.Piston 1130 inserts discharge chambes 1122, by attaching parts 1131 be connected and eccentric part 1112 between.
The ability of compressor depends on the rotating speed of bent axle 1110 and the product of volume of cylinder.Volume of cylinder is the volume of getting rid of in the discharge chambe 1122 of piston 1130, depends on the offset of eccentric part 1112 and the external diameter of piston 1130.Compressor of the present invention have with shown in Fig. 3 and the existing example A shown in Figure 4 with R134a be the low temperature that uses of the home-use freezer of refrigerant with identical compressing member and the electric element of reciprocating compressor, constitute by the offset of same eccentric part 1112 and the external diameter of piston 1130.
The balancer 1133 of lamination iron plate is fixed on the stator 1104.The end face of valve plate closed compression chambers 1,122 1135, the cylinder head 1136 that forms the hyperbaric chamber is fixed on discharge chambe 1122 opposite sides of valve plate 1135.Suction line 1139 is fixed on the airtight container 1101, simultaneously, and the suction silencer 1140 in the cold media gas importing airtight container 1101 that switches 122 evaporations of chamber evaporimeter.Suck silencer 1140 and be formed with muffler space 1142, this muffler space 1142 can reduce cold media gas and flow into the noise that causes.
Flowing into the cold media gas that sucks silencer 1140 sucks in the discharge chambe 1122 by the inlet valve (not shown) that is fixed on the valve plate 1135, simultaneously, because suck the part and 1101 interior connections of airtight container of silencer 1140, keeping in the airtight container 1101 is evaporating pressure.The cold media gas of compression flows in the cylinder head 1136 by the dump valve (not shown) that is fixed on the valve plate 1135 in discharge chambe 1122, is discharged to switching chamber condenser 121 by the discharge pipe (not shown) that is fixed on the airtight container 1101.
Suspension spring 1150 be installed in the buffer that is fixed on the airtight container 1101 (shock absorber: snubber) 1152 and be fixed between the buffer 1153 on the stator 1103 of electric element 1105, electric element 1105 and compressing member 1106 are carried out the elasticity indication with respect to airtight container 1101.The electric power of supplying with from source power supply 162 is supplied to electric element 1105 by control circuit 161, frequency converter 162, makes the rotor 1104 of electric element 1105 and bent axle 1110 by any rotational speed.
Below, action describes to the automatic vending machine in the embodiment 1 of above formation.
Change in the heat of cooling/cold cut under the situation of chamber 101, stop high temperature, compressor 108 is driven with behind the compressor 120.The refrigerant of discharging from compressor 108 by outdoor heat converter 107 condensations after, by each expansion valve A109, expansion valve B110, expansion valve C111 decompression, be supplied to and switch chamber evaporimeter 120, evaporimeter 105, second evaporimeter 106.And, be back to compressor 108 by the refrigerant that switches chamber evaporimeter 120, evaporimeter 105,106 evaporations of second evaporimeter.
At this moment, hot/cold switches the storeroom that reaches set point of temperature in chamber 101, cooling dedicated chamber 102, the second cooling dedicated chamber 103, by closing corresponding expansion valve A109, expansion valve B110, expansion valve C111, stops the supply of refrigerant.All storerooms stop the running of compressor 108 when reaching set point of temperature.
Secondly, under the situation that hot/cold switching chamber 101 is heated, expansion valve A109 still closes, and compressor 108 work continue cooling dedicated chamber 102, the second cooling dedicated chamber 103 are cooled off, and drive high temperature compressor 120 simultaneously.The refrigerant of using compressor 120 discharges from high temperature is reduced pressure with expansion valve 123 by heating by after switching chamber condenser 121 condensations, is supplied to switching chamber evaporimeter 122.And, reflux with compressor 120 to high temperature by the refrigerant that switches 122 evaporations of chamber evaporimeter.
At this moment, for example, because during 15 ℃ of ambient temperatures, hot/cold switches the thermic load of chamber 101 when stablizing about 100～200W, control high temperature can turn round with the slow-speed of revolution of 42rps under evaporating temperature-10～-5 ℃, 60～70 ℃ of pressure conditions of condensation temperature continuously with compressor 120.This is because when control to higher evaporating temperature, can reach higher efficient when running continuously, turns round under this feasible higher ability of thermic load that can be when specific heat/cold cut is changed chamber 101 and stablized.In this case, high temperature must produce intermittent working with compressor 120, produces lost motion from halted state when the temperature of switching chamber condenser 121 reaches set point of temperature, causes whole efficiency to descend.
For example, under the situation about heating during 15 ℃ of ambient temperatures, hot/cold switches chamber 101 usually must be with the degree heating of 400W, in this case, high temperature is controlled to be with compressor 120 and can be about that the high rotating speed with 72rps turns round continuously under 75 ℃ the pressure condition in evaporating temperature+0～+ 5 ℃, condensation temperature.Before the temperature that hot/cold switches chamber 101 rose, condensation temperature and the indoor difference in air temperature of switching chamber condenser 121 were big, because of guaranteeing big condensation ability, so, also can improve the running ability of high temperature with compressor 120.
Therefore, add the temperature of pining for and rise, must carry out the ability adjustment, make high temperature drop to 42rps successively with the rotating speed of compressor 120 along with hot/cold switches in the chamber 101.Preferably be provided with the temperature sensor that the condensation temperature of switching chamber condenser 121 is detected, simultaneously, when being preferably in the condensation temperature of switching chamber condenser 121 and surpassing setting, have pair high temperature to control, its reduction with the rotating speed of compressor 120.
Wherein, in the present embodiment, high temperature is 42rps with the minimum speed of compressor 120.But, if selected volume of cylinder and minimum speed make the heating efficiency of 60 ℃ of 0 ℃/condensation temperatures of evaporating temperature can reach 100～300W, even when outer temperature degree is stabilized in 15 ℃, also needn't intermittent working, can improve running efficiency.And in order to improve the efficiency of heating surface, hope is in the scope of the anti-load permission of bearing portion, and minimum speed reduces, and heating efficiency can drop near the 100W.
In the present embodiment, at the R134a shown in the conventional example A is that the low temperature that uses of the home-use freezer of refrigerant is with in the reciprocating compressor, adding refrigerant R600a and mineral oil is that the part of refrigerator oil is carried as high temperature with compressor 120, can change sucking shapes such as silencer or cylinder head, dump valve, inlet valve according to the hot rerum natura of refrigerant.And, can be according to the chemical characteristic of refrigerant or refrigerator oil, the organic materials such as insulating materials of the stator of electric element are changed.
As mentioned above, in the present embodiment, can maintain under the hot conditions of evaporating temperature-10～10 ℃, reduce compression ratio, and can use the high temperature reciprocating compressor as refrigerant, the general mass-produced main composition parts that with R134a are the low temperature of refrigerant with reciprocating compressor of energy with R600a; Under the strict heating condition of 60～80 ℃ of evaporating temperatures-10～10 ℃, condensation temperature, in the life-span that can guarantee compressor, can improve the efficient of compressor etc.
The heating system of this automatic vending machine of the present invention, use the high temperature reciprocating compressor as refrigerant with R600a, and under the strict heating condition of 60～80 ℃ of evaporating temperatures-10～10 ℃, condensation temperature, realize little ability and high efficiency heating system easily, so, can be applicable to that the show case of preserving hot drink and cold drink simultaneously or automatic vending machine of cup small amount of liquid etc. require the heating and energy saving purposes of little ability.
Embodiment 2
In the above-mentioned existing structure, the lower condensation temperatures such as heat pump of supposing air-conditioning are 30～40 ℃ degree, commodity such as tinned drink are being heated under 50～100 ℃ the situation, condensing pressure uprises, under high condensing pressure, in order to ensure the low meltage of hydrocarbon refrigerant, the temperature that must keep mineral oil and be lubricating oil is higher.Therefore, keep the necessary thermopower that adds of high pressure shell mould compressor 201 high temperature and increase, simultaneously, leak into outside heat during heating and also increase, reduced efficient significantly.Viscosity in order to ensure lubricating oil necessity under the high temperature, when using the higher lubricating oil of viscosity, the lubricating oil viscosity abnormality in the heat exchanger of evaporating temperature is arranged that is discharged in system's pipe arrangement with refrigerant rises and is detained, and the danger of the less than two class problems of lubricating oil increases in the obstruction of generation increase system pipe arrangement or the compressor.
In addition, the special lubricating oil price height that the meltage of hydrocarbon refrigerant is little simultaneously, because of there not being sufficient actual effect, generally is difficult to utilization.
The invention solves existing problem, in the cooling heating system of motion, particularly commodity such as tinned drink are being heated under 50～100 ℃ the situation of high temperature, can control to roughly specified rate to the meltage of refrigerant in the lubricating oil, can reach and suppress hydrocarbon refrigerant use amount and raise the efficiency purpose with reliability.
In order to solve above-mentioned existing problem, cooling heating system of the present invention is used low pressure shell mould compressor, and refrigerant uses R600a, and simultaneously, the lubricating oil of compressor uses low price and has kinetic viscosities general use effect, 40 ℃ is 3～30mm 2The mineral oil of/s or ester oil.
Therefore, the compressor pressure inside can remain to low evaporating pressure, whereby refrigerant meltage in the lubricating oil is suppressed to lower degree, can reduce the use amount of hydrocarbon refrigerant.Simultaneously, even under the high condition of 50～100 ℃ of condensation temperatures, can use the low hydrocarbon refrigerant R600a of condensing pressure, be 3～30mm even use 40 ℃ kinetic viscosity 2The less viscosity lubricating oil of/s, the life-span that also can keep compressor, so, can solve and in system's pathway, be detained lubricated wet goods integrity problem.
Cooling heating system of the present invention is used low pressure shell mould compressor, and refrigerant uses R600a, simultaneously, around compressor, keeps lubricating oil temperature to 40～80 ℃ with thermal insulation barriers during heating.
Therefore, can keep the compressor pressure inside to low evaporating pressure, refrigerant meltage in the lubricating oil is suppressed to lower degree, simultaneously, compare during with cooling, evaporating temperature uprises when heating, center on compressor with thermal insulation barriers, lubricating oil temperature remains to 40～80 ℃, can prevent to the external leaks heat, and when suppressing cooling and the refrigerant meltage difference during heating.Therefore, needn't usually store liquid coolant, can keep the refrigerant use amount of irreducible minimum in order to keep the suitableeest coolant quantity.
Cooling heating system of the present invention, can suppress refrigerant meltage in the compressor lubricant oil, particularly under commodity such as tinned drink are heated to 50～100 ℃ the situation of high temperature, can control to minimum to the use amount of refrigerant, simultaneously, the difference of refrigerant meltage in the time of suppressing cooling and during heating, so, can suppress the use amount of hydrocarbon refrigerant and raise the efficiency and confidence level.
The present invention can guarantee that the compressor pressure inside to low evaporating pressure, can be suppressed to the meltage of refrigerant in the lubricating oil lower degree, can reduce the use amount of hydrocarbon refrigerant.Simultaneously, even be under 50～100 ℃ of high conditions, also can use the low hydrocarbon refrigerant R600a of condensing pressure, even 40 ℃ kinetic viscosity is 3～30mm in condensation temperature 2The lubricating oil of the less viscosity of/s, the life-span that also can keep compressor.Therefore, can resolution system integrity problem such as lubricating oil delay in the pathway.
The present invention can keep the compressor internal pressure to low evaporating pressure, and the meltage of refrigerant in the lubricating oil is suppressed to lower degree, can reduce the use amount of hydrocarbon refrigerant.Simultaneously, even be under 50～100 ℃ of high conditions, also can use the low hydrocarbon refrigerant R600a of condensing pressure in condensation temperature; Even the kinetic viscosity of using 40 ℃ is 3～30mm 2The lubricating oil of the less viscosity of/s, the life-span that also can keep compressor.Therefore, can resolution system integrity problem such as lubricating oil delay in the pathway.In addition, use the big ester oil (ester oil) of water saturation meltage, the danger that moisture stops up in the time of eliminating cooling, and then, can save the drying machine that liquid coolant is detained, the result can further cut down the refrigerant use amount.
The present invention can keep the compressor pressure inside to low evaporating pressure, the meltage of refrigerant in the lubricating oil is suppressed to lower degree, simultaneously, compare during with cooling, evaporating temperature is uprised when heating, remain to 40～80 ℃ with thermal insulation barriers around the lubricating oil temperature of compressor, can suppress heat to external leaks, and the refrigerant meltage difference when heating when suppressing cooling.Therefore, needn't usually store liquid coolant, can keep minimal refrigerant use amount in order to keep the suitableeest coolant quantity.
Among the present invention, the time comparing when evaporating temperature being uprised heat with cooling, compressor just starts, and rises to temperature and is heated by heater between early stage, the liquid coolant that dissolves in the compressor can be fed to rapidly in the system, can improve the starting characteristic of the system of condensation temperature rising.
Among the present invention, with heating the time, compare when the evaporating temperature reduction is cooled off, the temperature of compressor is descended, can improve compressor efficiency.
Below, with reference to accompanying drawing automatic vending machine embodiment of the present invention is described.Wherein, identical with existing formation structure part is used same label, detailed.
Fig. 6 is the refrigerant loop diagram of cooling heating system in the embodiment of the present invention 2.Fig. 7 is a refrigerant meltage characteristic diagrammatic sketch in the oil of expression this embodiment mineral oil in fluid A.Fig. 8 is the oil viscosity characteristic diagrammatic sketch of this embodiment mineral oil in fluid of expression A.Fig. 9 is a refrigerant meltage characteristic diagrammatic sketch in the oil of expression this embodiment mineral oil in fluid B.Figure 10 is the oil viscosity characteristic diagrammatic sketch of this embodiment mineral oil in fluid of expression B.
As shown in Figure 6, cooling heating system of the present invention is used the iso-butane as hydrocarbon refrigerant, and simultaneously, basic comprising comprises low pressure shell mould compressor 220, cross valve 202, accumulator 203, outdoor heat converter 204, indoor heat converter 205.Under to indoor situation about cooling off, the refrigerant of discharging from low pressure shell mould compressor 220 switches stream by cross valve 202, be supplied to indoor heat converter 205 from outdoor heat converter 204, reflux from accumulator 203 through cross valve 202 again and give low pressure shell mould compressor 220.Meanwhile, under to indoor situation about heating, the refrigerant of discharging from low pressure shell mould compressor 220 switches stream by cross valve 202, is supplied to outdoor heat converter 204 from indoor heat converter 205, refluxes from accumulator 203 through cross valve 202 and gives low pressure shell mould compressor 220.
Wherein, in general, indoor heat converter 205 is arranged in the accommodating chamber, and this accommodating chamber is holding the object that tinned drink etc. cools off heating, simultaneously, outside accommodating chamber, disposing low pressure shell mould compressor 220, cross valve 202, accumulator 203, outdoor heat converter 204.
On the pipe arrangement of junction chamber outer heat-exchanger 204 and indoor heat converter 205, connecting heating capillary 206, cooling non-return valve 207, cooling off, heating with non-return valve 209 and drier 210 with capillary 208.Wherein, heating is connected respectively with non-return valve 209 with heating with capillary 208 with cooling off with non-return valve 207 and cooling side by side with capillary 206, simultaneously, is being connected drier 210 with capillary 206 with the position of cooling off with capillary 208 clampings by heating.General outdoor heat converter 204, indoor heat converter 205 as required by independently blowing fan (not shown) air-supply separately, promote air cooling and heat exchange respectively.
Wherein, the housing 221 that low pressure shell mould compressor 220 usefulness thermal insulation barriers constitute surrounds, and simultaneously, the heater 223 that has the sensor 222 of instrumentation housing 221 internal temperatures, low pressure shell mould compressor 220 is heated, gives the fan 224 of sending into outer gas in the housing 221.
Below, the cooling heating system of the present invention action of above structure is described.
In the time of in the cooling accommodating chamber, the refrigerant of discharging from low pressure shell mould compressor 220 switches stream by cross valve 202, is supplied to outdoor heat converter 204 to carry out condensation liquefaction.The liquid coolant of discharging from outdoor heat converter 204 is supplied to drier 210 through supercooling with non-return valve 207.And the liquid coolant of discharging from drier 210 is reduced pressure with capillary 208 by cooling, is supplied to indoor heat converter 205 to evaporate gasification, and gas coolant refluxes from accumulator 203 through cross valve 202 and gives low pressure shell mould compressor 220.
In the time of in the heating accommodating chamber, the refrigerant of discharging from low pressure shell mould compressor 220 switches stream by cross valve 202, is supplied to indoor heat converter 205 to carry out condensation liquefaction.The liquid coolant of discharging from indoor heat converter 205 is supplied to drier 210 through heating with non-return valve 209.And the liquid coolant of discharging from drier 210 is reduced pressure with capillary 206 by heating, is supplied to outdoor heat converter 204 to evaporate gasification, and gas coolant refluxes from accumulator 203 through cross valve 202 and gives low pressure shell mould compressor 220.
Wherein, refrigerant meltage and the oil viscosity behavioral illustrations that is mineral oil A to the low pressure shell mould compressor 220 inner lubricating oil of retaining with reference to Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 is as follows.
As shown in Figure 7, the weight % of contained refrigerant in the mixture of mineral oil A and refrigerant (hereinafter referred to as refrigerant meltage in the oil), variation significantly under the effect of the refrigerant pressure (this value conversion being become saturation temperature) of mineral oil A temperature (to call oil temperature in the following text) and low pressure shell mould compressor 220 inside hereinafter referred to as the refrigerant saturation temperature.Particularly when the saturation temperature of refrigerant diminished with the warm difference of oil, the refrigerant meltage had the tendency that increases sharply in the expression oil.The general known same tendency that in the combination of hydrocarbon refrigerant and mineral oil, has.From controlling the viewpoint of hydrocarbon refrigerant use amount, the refrigerant meltage can be 0～5 weight % in the oil.
As shown in Figure 8, the kinetic viscosity (hereinafter referred to as oil viscosity) in the mixture of mineral oil A and refrigerant also changes significantly because of the saturation temperature of the gentle refrigerant of oil.In the time of oily warm 40 ℃, along with the saturation temperature rising of refrigerant, oil viscosity descends rapidly, and this is the reason that increases sharply owing to refrigerant meltage in the oil.Have same tendency in general known hydrocarbon refrigerant and the mineral oil combination, from the viewpoint of guaranteeing the compressor life-span with reduce the viewpoint of the loss that lubricating oil viscosity resistance causes, oil viscosity can be 3～10mm 2/ s.
In the present embodiment, in the time of in the cooling accommodating chamber, the condensation temperature of outdoor heat converter 204 is higher slightly 20～50 ℃ than outer temperature degree, considers freezing～refrigeration, and the evaporating temperature of indoor heat converter 205 is-30～-10 ℃.In addition, in the time of in the heating accommodating chamber, the evaporating temperature of outdoor heat converter 204 is general to be all-10～10 ℃ with heat pump air conditioner, considers commodity maintenance temperature to 50～60 such as tinned drink ℃, and the condensation temperature of indoor heat converter 205 is 50～70 ℃.
Therefore, in the time of in the cooling accommodating chamber, the saturation temperature of refrigerant be-30～-10 ℃, so oil is warm in being no more than 80 ℃ scope, refrigerant meltage and oil viscosity are suitable in the oil, do not have problems.Thereby, when using the low R600a of refrigerant pressure, can reduce effluent air temp, low pressure shell mould compressor 220 and oily Wen Buhui rise significantly, also can drive fan 224 make to reach the ventilation degree in the housing 221.
Wherein, when reduction of ambient atmos temperature and condensation temperature were low, low pressure shell mould compressor 220 and oily Wen Buhui rose, needn't drive fan 224, so hope can be used the environment temperature of sensor 222 instrumentation low pressure shell mould compressors 220, and can drive fan 224 when this value overshoot value.
On the other hand, when being appreciated that in the heating accommodating chamber, because the saturation temperature of refrigerant is-10～+ 10 ℃, so, in order suitably to control refrigerant meltage in the oil, should clearly must remain on oily temperature more than 40～80 ℃.Be further appreciated that since when surpassing 80 ℃ oil viscosity be lower than appropriate value, must be in meeting the narrow range of evaporating temperature oily temperature control.Thereby, surround low pressure shell mould compressor 220 with housing 221, with sensor 222 instrumentation low pressure shell mould compressors 220 environment temperatures, when this value is lower than setting, give heater 223 energisings, the oil temperature that keeps low pressure shell mould compressor 220 is more than 40～80 ℃.The oil temperature is low during particularly owing to startup, so can heat up for heater 223 continuous energisings rapidly.
Wherein, the caloric value of low pressure shell mould compressor 220 and its amount of work are proportional.Therefore, in the time of in the heating accommodating chamber, if the condensation temperature basic fixed of indoor heat converter 205, only use the housing 221 that constitutes by thermal insulation barriers around low pressure shell mould compressor 220, if the evaporating temperature of outdoor heat converter 204 is-10～+ 10 ℃ low, the temperature of lubricating oil just reduces, if high, the temperature of lubricating oil just rises, the warm basic suitable tendency that keeps of expression oil.Therefore, if the insulative properties of suitable adjustment housing 221, just could be substantially not to heater 223 energisings.
Wherein, with reference to Fig. 9 and Figure 10, be 10mm to kinetic viscosity that need not 40 ℃ 2Mineral oil A about/s and use 40 ℃ kinetic viscosity to be 30mm 2Influence under the situation of mineral oil B about/s is described as follows.Wherein, the same term for Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 use omits explanation.
Refrigerant meltage characteristic demonstrates the tendency that does not have much difference with mineral oil A shown in Figure 7 in the oil of mineral oil B shown in Figure 9.From controlling the viewpoint of hydrocarbon refrigerant use amount, the meltage of refrigerant can be 0～5 weight % in the oil.
As shown in figure 10, the oil viscosity characteristic that is appreciated that mineral oil B changes with the absolute value that mineral oil A shown in Figure 8 compares oil viscosity, but its to change tendency be identical.Therefore, from the viewpoint of guaranteeing the compressor life-span with reduce the viewpoint of the loss that lubricating oil viscosity resistance brought, for keeping suitable oil viscosity 3～10mm 2/ s must control oily temperature it is higher than and mineral oil A.
In the present embodiment, under the situation without mineral oil A with mineral oil B, when cooling off in the accommodating chamber, because the saturation temperature of refrigerant be-30～-10 ℃, so, be appreciated that in order to keep suitable oil viscosity the oil temperature must maintenance 70～120 ℃.Thereby if selected housing 221 thickenings that are made of thermal insulation barriers improve heat insulation usefulness, perhaps the low pressure shell mould compressor 220 that uprises of the less temperature of external surface area also can be realized refrigerant meltage and oil viscosity in the suitable oil identical with present embodiment.
Equally, when being appreciated that in the heating accommodating chamber, in order to keep suitable oil viscosity, oily temperature will remain on 70～120 ℃.Even this is because the refrigerant saturation temperature is-10～+ 10 ℃, also can keep the oil temperature more than 40～80 ℃, the refrigerant meltage will become the reason of desired value in the oil.
But the control target of cooling and when heating oil temperature is too high in to accommodating chamber, and when the initial stage, the oil temperature was low when low pressure shell mould compressor 220 starts etc., it was a problem that oily temperature reaches desired value elongated to the time of suitably running.For example, because heater 223 long-time continuous energisings etc. consume a large amount of electric power, so the upper limit of oily temperature control target wishes it is about 80 ℃.Therefore, in low pressure shell mould compressor 220, wish that using 40 ℃ of kinetic viscosities is 3～30mm 2About/s, preferred 10mm 2The mineral oil of/s degree.
Wherein, in the present embodiment, without low pressure shell mould compressor 220 during with high pressure shell mould compressor 201, the refrigerant saturation temperature is 20～50 ℃ when cooling, is 50～70 ℃ during heating, so from Fig. 7 and shown in Figure 9, being appreciated that to have the oil temperature to surpass 120 ℃ higher temperature.From Fig. 8 and shown in Figure 10, be appreciated that and use more full-bodied mineral oil when under surpassing 120 ℃ higher oily temperature, obtaining suitable oil viscosity that this can cause oil to take place from the problem of the backflow of the heat exchanger that becomes evaporating temperature.Particularly,, keep the appropriate value that refrigerant meltage in the oil reaches 0～5 weight %, more be difficult to control the refrigerant use amount corresponding to 50～70 ℃ of the saturation temperatures of when heating refrigerant.Thereby, must use the little special lubricating oil of hydrocarbon refrigerant meltage, but, be difficult to practicability because of its valency height and actual effect deficiency.
Wherein, in the present embodiment, can be 3～30mm and use 40 ℃ kinetic viscosity without mineral oil A and mineral oil B 2The ester oil of/s degree.For example, as lubricating oil with the freezer of R134a, general that use, by the ester oil that the ester that is obstructed (hindered ester) that has utilized polyalcohols such as pentaerythrite or neopentyl glycol constitutes, be that comparison is cheap and have the effect of use, so practical.This ester oil shows and the same hydrocarbon refrigerant meltage of mineral oil, so also can equally use with mineral oil.In addition,, having the advantages that to be difficult to produce the moisture retardance because this ester oil moisture content meltage is tens of times of mineral oil, so, just can move even without drier.Therefore can reduce the amount that is trapped in the hydrocarbon refrigerant in the drier.
As mentioned above, this cooling heating system of the present invention, the refrigerant meltage that can control when particularly commodity such as tinned drink being heated to 50～100 ℃ of high temperature in the lubricating oil is set-point roughly, so, in uses such as display case or food preservation storehouse coolings with add in the cooling heating system of hot-swap, the use amount that can suppress hydrocarbon refrigerant also can be raised the efficiency and reliability, reaches practical purpose.
Secondly, in the above-mentioned existing formation, there is following problem: because the main heat pump that uses heats hot/cold switching chamber, heat pump must be arranged, this heat pump has the residue heating efficiency of considering the overload change, simultaneously, following indoor heat converter excessively to heat up produces the room temperature change and has the problem that can not guarantee commodity temperature such as tinned drink accurately.
In general, the load of the heating load that the automatic vending machine hot/cold switches the chamber when stable compared and increased 2～3 times of degree, only using under the situation of heater, has the heater that heat energy conforms to peak load, simultaneously, per 10～20 minutes on/off repeatedly, the heating efficiency of average time vary continuously to 100% from 0%, and be corresponding with the change of load.
Equally, when mainly hot/cold switching chamber being heated with heat pump, for example, dispose the heat pump that load when stable is compared heating efficiency ability twice left and right sides load change, repeatedly on/off and corresponding with load change, simultaneously, the heating efficiency of busy hour deficiency, for example, one times of amount of load when being equivalent to stablize, finish by auxiliary heater is auxiliary, the load when stable is compared the maximum capacity that can bring into play about three times.
But, minimum when this goods holding chamber of automatic vending machine is incubated with thermal insulation barriers based on the load change of ambient atmos temperature, appending the degree that rare peak loads such as condition of merchandise take place.Therefore, mainly hot/cold is switched the chamber when heating with heat pump, almost very continually Chang Fanfu to compressor speedup and deceleration, the ability of carrying out adjustment, along with indoor heat converter excessively heats up, produce the room temperature change, existence can not be guaranteed the problem of commodity temperature such as tinned drink accurately.
Room temperature when hot/cold switches the chamber heating is about 55 ℃, compares higherly with the heat pump that general cooling-heating room device uses, and the indoor heat converter condensation temperature excessively rises, and has the danger in infringement compressor life-span.Therefore, must use the in-room switch of high ability, but the problem that the heat pump maximum capacity exists when becoming big is, indoor heat converter maximizes, and it is indoor to be difficult to be arranged on goods holding.
In addition, with the cooling dedicated chamber is that thermal source heats under the situation of carrying out simultaneously to the cooling of cooling dedicated chamber with to hot/cold switching chamber, when pining for finishing the cooling of cooling dedicated chamber earlier as adding of hot/cold switching chamber, if do not switch to other thermals source such as ambient atmos, just can not proceed heating, so the problem of existence is that the formation and the control of heat pump is more complicated.
The invention solves existing problem, the automatic vending machine structure of motion is attached most importance to load change, can more stably utilize heat pump; The automatic vending machine that provides can suppress the change along with the room temperature of the excessive intensification of indoor heat converter.
Embodiments of the present invention 3 and embodiment 4 are in order to solve above-mentioned existing issue, automatic vending machine of the present invention, the heating efficiency of heat pump be designed to the heating efficiency of heater equal or below, can not surpass the mode of loading when stablize significantly the heating efficiency of heat pump is adjusted.
Therefore, given speed can stably carry out work making heat pump keep roughly below necessary ability, whereby, can suppress the change of the room temperature that the excessive intensification along with indoor heat converter brings.
Automatic vending machine of the present invention, the heating efficiency of heat pump be designed to that heating efficiency with heater is equal to or below, can surpass the mode of loading when stablizing with little amplitude adjusts the heating efficiency of heat pump, inhibition can keep the temperature of commodity such as tinned drink accurately along with the change of the room temperature of the excessive intensification of indoor heat converter.So, even use the small-sized little ability indoor heat converter that heating efficiency conforms to when stable, the life-span that also can guarantee compressor.
The heating efficiency of heat pump of the present invention is little, can suppress to switch along with the hot/cold of the excessive intensification of indoor heat converter the room temperature change of chamber, can the high-precision temperature of guaranteeing commodity such as tinned drink.So, even during the small-sized little ability indoor heat converter that uses that heating efficiency when stable conforms to, the life-span that also can guarantee compressor.
The present invention is particularly in the early stage under the starting state, the excessive intensification of the indoor heat converter that the running of compressor continuous high speed is produced before suppressing room temperature that hot/cold switches the chamber and rising.
The minimum heating efficiency of heat pump of the present invention is set at and is slightly smaller than the heating load that hot/cold switches the chamber, can suppress the excessive descent that hot/cold switches the chamber room temperature, and the energy high accuracy is guaranteed the temperature of commodity such as tinned drink.
Heat pump of the present invention can turn round continuously and heat, and can carry out the temperature adjustment with the variable heater of continuous ability, can guarantee the temperature of commodity such as tinned drink accurately.
Below, with reference to accompanying drawing automatic vending machine embodiment of the present invention is described.Wherein, use same label, detailed with existing identical structure.
Embodiment 3
Figure 11 is the refrigerant loop diagram of the automatic vending machine of embodiment 3.Figure 12 is the sequential chart that the automatic vending machine of embodiment 3 adds thermal control.
As shown in figure 11, automatic vending machine of the present invention has the storeroom that is made of hot/cold switching chamber 301, cooling dedicated chamber 302, the second cooling dedicated chamber 303, have hot/cold switched the heat pump that heat specially chamber 301, this heat pump comprise heating with compressor 320, be arranged on hot/cold and switch switching chamber condenser 321 in the chamber 301, be arranged on the outer switching chamber evaporimeter 322 of storeroom, heating expansion valve 323.
For the auxiliary heating efficiency of finishing heat pump, at the wind path downside that switches chamber condenser 321 heater 324 is being set, this heater 324 is made of electric heater, and this electric heater has and the equal substantially heating efficiency of heat pump maximum heating ability.Blow with fan 325 by heating by the air that switches chamber condenser 321 and heater 324 heating, and switch the indoor circulation of chamber 301 at hot/cold.Wherein, heating is switched the indoor temperature transmitter 326 of chamber 301 indoor temperatures and the comparison of pre-determined reference value with compressor 320 and heater 324 according to the instrumentation hot/cold, is controlled with control device (not shown) by adjustment.
Below, action describes to the automatic vending machine in the embodiment 3 of above structure.
When chamber 301 is changed in the heat of cooling/cold cut, stop heating with behind the compressor 320, drive compression machine 308.The refrigerant of discharging from compressor 308 by outdoor heat converter 307 condensations after by separately expansion valve A309, expansion valve B310, expansion valve C311 decompression, be supplied to and switch chamber evaporimeter 320, evaporimeter 305, second evaporimeter 306.And the refrigerant after switching chamber evaporimeter 320, evaporimeter 305,306 evaporations of second evaporimeter is back to compressor 308.
At this moment, hot/cold switches the storeroom that reaches set point of temperature in chamber 301, cooling dedicated chamber 302, the second cooling dedicated chamber 303, because of closing corresponding expansion valve A309, expansion valve B310, expansion valve C311, stops the supply of refrigerant.When reaching set point of temperature once more, all storerooms stop the running of compressor 308.
Secondly, when chamber 301 is changed in heat hot/cold cut, close expansion valve A309, start compressor 308 as before, continuation is cooled off cooling dedicated chamber 302, the second cooling dedicated chamber 303, simultaneously, drives heating compressor 320.The refrigerant of using compressor 320 discharges from heating is reduced pressure with expansion valve 323 by heating by after switching chamber condenser 321 condensations, is supplied to switching chamber evaporimeter 322.And, reflux to heating compressor 320 by the refrigerant that switches 322 evaporations of chamber evaporimeter.
Below, the room temperature that hot/cold switches chamber 301 when describing heating with relative heating of on/off state of the rotating speed of compressor 320 and heater 324 in detail with reference to Figure 12 changes and the situation of variation.
Among Figure 12, transverse axis represents to get the sequential chart of time section t0～t27, from the last room temperature variation of hot/cold switching chamber 301, the condensation temperature variation of switching chamber condenser 321, the on/off state of heater 324, rotating speed, the heater 324 that compressor 320 is used in heating and the summation that heats the heat pump heating efficiency of using formations such as compressor 320 represented successively.The T0 that is documented on the room temperature longitudinal axis represents the ambient atmos temperature, T1 represents to connect as the heater of the benchmark that adopts heater 324 the heater break-off signal of the benchmark of temperature and conduct cut-out heater 324, T2 represents that T3 represents as the deceleration temperature that heats the benchmark that slows down with compressor 320 rotating speeds as the acceleration temperature of heating with the benchmark of compressor 320 rotating speed speedups.Target temperature when being documented in Tp on the condensation temperature longitudinal axis and representing to switch the commodity heating of storage in the chamber 301 to hot/cold, Tq is illustrated in and guarantees to heat with desired upper limit condensation temperature on the basis of compressor 320 reliabilities.
Wherein, heater 324 in room temperature if be lower than when heater is connected temperature and present on-state, if present off-state when being higher than the heater break-off signal.And, if heating with compressor 320 room temperature be lower than acceleration temperature rotating speed successively speedup be N1, N2, N3, N4, if room temperature is higher than the deceleration temperature, rotating speed slows down successively and is N4, N3, N2, N1.Heating with compressor 320 be switch chamber condenser 321 condensation temperature behind the change rotating speed, at the appointed time after as slow down above upper limit condensation temperature Tq.
In general, the heating with reciprocating compressor structure is with in the compressor 320, and minimum speed N1 is 20～30rps, and the ratio of minimum speed N1 and maximum speed N4 is set at 1: 3～4 degree.So heating is to cause that in order to avoid specific rotation speeds resonance abnormal vibrations and noise take place with the discontinuous variation of the rotating speed of compressor 320, this is particular importance concerning the machine of the indoor setting of automatic vending machine and so on.
In Figure 12, time t0 is the primary starting state that at room temperature drops near ambient atmos temperature T 0, and room temperature is lower than T1, so heater 324 presents on-state.Heating is worked with maximum speed N4 with compressor 320.This is owing in this primary starting state big heating efficiency must be arranged, and from connecting power supply or door switching, detects the primary starting state and forces heating to be worked with maximum speed N4 with compressor 320.
When time t3, room temperature surpasses T1, and heater 324 presents off-state, and during time t6, the words heating that condensation temperature surpasses Tq decelerates to N1 with compressor 320 gradually from N4.Interval interior condensation temperature from time t6 to time t8 is difficult to descend, because making heating in the early stage under the starting state turns round with maximum speed N4 for a long time with compressor 320, switching chamber condenser 321 and its circumferential component excessively heats up, even heating descends gradually with the rotating speed of compressor 320, the temperature of circumferential component can not descend rapidly.
In time t8～t18 section, compressor 308 remains on minimum speed N1, and room temperature descends gradually, and during time t19, when room temperature was lower than T2, heating was N4 with compressor 320 rotating speeds from N1 speedup successively.So the condensation temperature of switching chamber condenser 321 rises once more, improves heating efficiency whereby, room temperature rises once more after time t22.
Subsequently, when condensation temperature surpassed Tq, heating was slowed down one by one with compressor 320, and when room temperature was lower than T2, heating was carried out speedup one by one repeatedly with compressor 320, makes ambient-temp-stable.The high heating load of ambient atmos temperature hour, even heating is rotated with minimum speed N1 with compressor 320, room temperature also can rise also highlyer than T3, surpass room temperature ceiling temperature (not shown), or behind the change rotating speed after the stipulated time, when condensation temperature surpassed Tq, heating shut down with compressor 320.
As mentioned above, when condensation temperature surpasses ceiling temperature Tq, can additional control be slowed down with compressor 320 by heating one by one, owing to can continue to suppress to switching chamber condenser 321 and its circumferential component above ceiling temperature Tq, so, the change of the room temperature brought along with the excessive intensification of switching chamber condenser 321 can be suppressed, the temperature of commodity such as tinned drink can be guaranteed accurately.
The maximum heating ability of heat pump is designed to the heating efficiency of heater equal, the excessive intensification of switching chamber condenser 321 when energy inhibition heating is turned round with maximum speed continuously with compressor 320, simultaneously, the heating efficiency variable quantity diminishes due to the rotation speed change, can realize more successfully that hot/cold switches the room temperature variation of chamber 301.
Use with outside air and be thermal source, separately hot/cold is switched the heat pump that heat chamber 301, because of not bearing the cooling dedicated chamber 302 and second change of cooling off the cooling load of dedicated chamber 303, heating efficiency is stable, can realize more successfully that the room temperature of hot/cold switching chamber 301 changes.
Wherein, heating is with compressor 320 speedup or time interval of slowing down one by one one by one, i.e. heating is with can be designed as several minutes to tens of minutes degree to the time that changes preceding wait once more after the rotation speed change of compressor 320.Even the heating rotating speed speedup or the deceleration rapidly rapidly of compressor 320, heating efficiency is changed rapidly, so, the words that heating is changed rapidly with compressor 320 rotating speeds, switch condenser 20 excessively heats up and becomes big, and the change of room temperature is increased.
The condensation temperature of switching chamber condenser 321 surpasses upper limit condensation temperature Tq and heats with the shortest stand-by period under the compressor 320 deceleration situations and also can be designed as several minutes to tens of minutes degree.This is because irrespectively force heating is slowed down with compressor 320 with room temperature, so this stand-by period is short, can frequently increase and decrease speed repeatedly, may reduce the life-span of heating with compressor 320.
Embodiment 4
Figure 13 is the refrigerant loop diagram of the automatic vending machine of embodiment 4, and Figure 14 is that the automatic vending machine of embodiment 4 adds the thermal control sequential chart.
As shown in figure 13, automatic vending machine of the present invention, has the storeroom that constitutes by hot/cold switching chamber 301, cooling dedicated chamber 302, the second cooling dedicated chamber 303, have hot/cold switched the heat pump that heat specially chamber 301, this heat pump comprise heating with compressor 320, be arranged on hot/cold and switch switching chamber condenser 321 in the chamber 301, be arranged on the outer switching chamber evaporimeter 322 of storeroom, heating expansion valve 323.
For the auxiliary heating efficiency of finishing heat pump, at the wind path downside that switches chamber condenser 321 heater 324 is being set, this heater 324 is made of electric heater, and this electric heater has and the equal substantially heating efficiency of heat pump maximum heating ability.By the air that switches chamber condenser 321 and heater 324 heating, with fan 325 air-supplies, switch the indoor circulation of chamber 301 at hot/cold by heating.Wherein, heating is switched the indoor temperature transmitter 326 of chamber 301 indoor temperatures and the comparison of pre-determined reference value with compressor 320 according to the instrumentation hot/cold, is controlled with control device (not shown) by adjustment.Heater 324 switches the blow out air temperature sensor 330 of temperature of the blow out air that chamber condenser 321 and heater 324 heated and the comparison of predetermined reference value according to instrumentation, controlled with control device (not shown) by capacity adjustment.
Down and, action describes to the automatic vending machine in the embodiment 4 of above structure.
When chamber 301 is changed in the heat of cooling/cold cut, stop heating with compressor 308 is driven.The refrigerant of discharging from compressor 308 by outdoor heat converter 307 condensations after, expansion valve A309, expansion valve B310, expansion valve C311 decompression by separately are supplied to and switch chamber evaporimeter 320, evaporimeter 305, second evaporimeter 306.And the refrigerant after switching chamber evaporimeter 320, evaporimeter 305,306 evaporations of second evaporimeter is back to compressor 308.
At this moment, hot/cold switches the storeroom that reaches set point of temperature in chamber 301, cooling dedicated chamber 302, the second cooling dedicated chamber 303, by closing corresponding expansion valve A309, expansion valve B310, expansion valve C311, stops the supply of refrigerant.When reaching set point of temperature, all storerooms stop the running of compressor 308.
Secondly, when chamber 301 is changed in heat hot/cold cut, close expansion valve A309 as before, start compressor 308, continue cooling dedicated chamber 302, the second cooling dedicated chamber 303 are cooled off, simultaneously, heating is driven with compressor 320.The refrigerant of using compressor 320 discharges from heating is reduced pressure with expansion valve 323 by heating by after switching chamber condenser 321 condensations, is supplied to switching chamber evaporimeter 322.And, reflux to heating compressor 320 by the refrigerant that switches 322 evaporations of chamber evaporimeter.
Below, hot/cold switches the heating rotating speed of compressor 320 and the on/off state variation of heater 324 of the room temperature variation of chamber 301 when describing relative heating in detail with reference to Figure 14.
The transverse axis of Figure 14 is a sequential chart of getting time section t0～t27, and the on/off state of the variation of blow out air temperature (chain-dotted line), heater 324, heating are with rotating speed, heater 324 and the heating of compressor 320 summation with the heat pump heating efficiency of formations such as compressor 320 when the last room temperature of representing that successively hot/cold switches chamber 301 changes, switches the condensation temperature (solid line) of chamber condenser 321 and heater and connects.The T0 of room temperature longitudinal axis record represents the ambient atmos temperature, and T2 represents that as the acceleration temperature of heating with compressor 320 rotating speed speedup benchmark, T3 represents to heat the deceleration temperature with compressor 320 rotating speed deceleration benchmark.Target temperature when the Tp of condensation temperature longitudinal axis record represents to the commodity heating of storage in the hot/cold switching chamber 301, Tq is illustrated in and guarantees to heat with desired upper limit condensation temperature on the basis of compressor 320 reliabilities.
Wherein, the words rotating speed that heating is lower than the acceleration temperature in room temperature with compressor 320 speedup successively is N1, N2, N3, N4, slows down successively and is N4, N3, N2, N1 if room temperature is higher than deceleration temperature rotating speed.Heating, is slowed down when making the condensation temperature of switching chamber condenser 321 surpass upper limit condensation temperature Tq behind the change rotating speed and after the process stipulated time with compressor 320.
In addition, heater 324 presents on-state when the blow out air temperature that is detected by blow out air temperature sensor 330 is lower than condensation temperature ceiling temperature Tq, present off-state when being higher than condensation temperature ceiling temperature Tq.This just means and can heating efficiency be adjusted so that the blow out air temperature that switching chamber condenser 321 and heater 324 heated becomes the mode near the roughly set-point of Tq.When heater 324 is in off-state, blow out air temperature and the condensation temperature basically identical that switches chamber condenser 321, so, between the blow out air temperature (single-point line) of the actual air themperature that blows out when the condensation temperature (solid line) of switching chamber condenser 321 shown in Figure 14 and heater are connected tiny change is arranged.
In general, the heating with reciprocating compressor structure is the degree of 20～30rps with minimum speed N1 in the compressor 320, the ratio of minimum speed N1 and maximum speed N4 is set at 1: 3～and 4.So heating can be avoided abnormal vibrations and noise generation due to the specific rotation speeds low-resonance with the discontinuous variation of the rotating speed of compressor 320, this is to the machine particular importance of the so indoor setting of automatic vending machine.
In Figure 14, time t0 is the primary starting state that at room temperature drops near ambient atmos temperature T 0, and the blow out air temperature is lower than Tq, so heater 324 presents on-state.Heating is worked with maximum speed N4 with compressor 320.This is owing in this primary starting state big heating efficiency must be arranged, so, from connecting power supply or door opens and closes, detect the primary starting state, the reason of forcing heating to be worked with maximum speed N4 with compressor 320.
Then, when time t3, when the blow out air temperature surpassed Tq, heater 324 strictnesses presented the on/off state, and simultaneously, along with the rising of condensation temperature, the time that presents disconnection divides distribution transforming big, adjusts the blow out air temperature and makes it near Tq, is roughly set-point.
In addition, during time t6, condensation temperature surpasses Tq, and heater 324 presents off-state fully, and simultaneously, heating decelerates to N2 with compressor 320 rotating speeds gradually from N4.Wherein, heating does not decelerate to N1 from N2 with compressor 320, and this is because the minimum speed that heats with compressor 320 is set at N2.Consequently set, infer the load that hot/cold switches chamber 301, compare with the heating efficiency under each rotating speed of compressor 320, decision minimum speed, additional control with heating according to the temperature of the outside air and the second cooling dedicated chamber 303.In this case, set the hot/cold of inferring according to the temperature of the outside air and the second cooling dedicated chamber 303 and switch the load of chamber 301 because of use the heating efficiency of the rotational speed N 2 of compressor 320 greater than heating, so minimum speed is set at N2.Suppose that for the supplementary heating ability, increase the turn-on time of heater 324 with rotational speed N 1 running, estimate to reduce the efficiency of heating surface.
Then, in the later interval of time t7, heating remains on minimum speed N2 with compressor 320, room temperature descends gradually, when the blow out air temperature is lower than Tq during time t9, heater 324 presents strict on/off state once more, simultaneously, can adjust the blow out air temperature and be the roughly set-point at Tq.So, can keep heating also can carry out delicate ability adjustment at minimum speed N2 to heater 324 with compressor 320, the room temperature of switching condensation temperature, blow out air temperature and the hot/cold switching chamber 301 of chamber condenser 321 all reaches stable.Therefore, do not have big change, keep this state as long as hot/cold switches the load of chamber 301.
So, when the blow out air temperature surpasses Tq, heater 324 carries out on strictly, adjusts the blow out air temperature and is roughly certain value at Tq, and the difference that can switch chamber 301 loads to the heating efficiency and the hot/cold of heat pump is carried out more accurate replenishing.Therefore, the room temperature that condensation temperature, blow out air temperature and the hot/cold that switches chamber condenser 321 switches chamber 301 all can be stablized, can more accurate maintenance tinned drink etc. the temperature of commodity.
Temperature according to the ambient atmos temperature and the second cooling dedicated chamber 303 is set the load of inferring hot/cold switching chamber 301, compare with heating each rotating speed heating efficiency with compressor 320, can additional control determine minimum speed, can become minimum to the load difference of the heating efficiency of heat pump and hot/cold switching chamber 301.So, can control the decline that hot/cold switches chamber 301 room temperatures, simultaneously, can reduce the power consumption of heater 324.
When condensation temperature surpassed ceiling temperature Tq, additional control makes to heat with compressor 320 slowed down one by one, continued to suppress above the situation of ceiling temperature Tq for switching chamber condenser 321 and its circumferential component.So, can suppress along with switching the excessively change of the room temperature of intensification of chamber condenser 321, the temperature of commodity such as more accurate maintenance tinned drink.
The maximum heating ability of heat pump is set at the heating efficiency of heater equal, the excessive intensification of switching chamber condenser 321 when energy inhibition heating is turned round with maximum speed continuously with compressor 320, and can reduce the caused heating efficiency variable quantity of rotation speed change, can suppress to remedy the power consumption of the heater 324 of usefulness for the load difference of heat pump heating efficiency and hot/cold switching chamber 301.
Use with outside air and separately hot/cold is switched the heat pump that heat chamber 301 as thermal source, so, the cooling dedicated chamber 302 and second change of cooling off the cooling load of dedicated chamber 303 can not born.Therefore, because of heating efficiency is stable, can realize more smoothly that hot/cold switches the room temperature variation of chamber 301.
Wherein, heating is with compressor 320 speedup or time interval of slowing down one by one one by one, i.e. heating wishes to be designed to several minutes to tens of minutes degree with the time of waiting for before change after the rotation speed change of compressor 320 next time.Even because the heating rotating speed speedup or the deceleration rapidly rapidly of compressor 320, heating efficiency is changed rapidly, so switch condenser 20 excessively heated up and becomes big when heating changed rapidly with compressor 320 rotating speeds behind the ambient-temp-stable, the change of room temperature on the contrary increases.
The condensation temperature of switching chamber condenser 321 surpasses upper limit condensation temperature Tq and heats with the shortest stand-by period under the compressor 320 deceleration situations and also can be designed as several minutes to tens of minutes degree.Like this, like this, owing to irrespectively force heating is slowed down with compressor 320 with room temperature, so the numerous increase and decrease speed repeatedly of voice frequency that this stand-by period is short can reduce the life-span of heating with compressor 320.
In present embodiment 4, heater 324 is controlled in the following manner, when the blow out air temperature that blow out air temperature sensor 330 detects is lower than the ceiling temperature Tq of condensation temperature, heater 324 is on-state, when being higher than the ceiling temperature Tq of condensation temperature, heater 324 is off-state.But the fiducial temperature of heater 324 on/off also can be set near the necessary blow out air temperature, is used for the temperature maintenance of commodity such as tinned drink at target temperature.Connecting temperature and break-off signal has some differences, in the temperature-resistant moving scope of commodity such as tinned drink, also can regulate control cycle and make it longer.The blow out air temperature that detects without blow out air temperature sensor 330 is carried out on and use with high heater 324 environment temperatures of blow out air temperature correlation etc. to heater 324, also can obtain same effect.
As mentioned above, heat pump in the automatic vending machine of the present invention has heater, this heater has and the equal above heating efficiency of heat pump, load when the heating efficiency adjustment of heat pump surpasses its little amplitude to stablize suppresses the change of the room temperature that the excessive intensification along with condensation temperature brings whereby.Therefore, can be applicable to the purposes of the heating and energy savingization that requires little ability, as the display case of preserving hot drink and cold drink simultaneously or the automatic vending machine of cup small amount of liquid.
Secondly, in above-mentioned existing structure, because compressor and heat source side heat exchanger carry out air cooling or heat exchange simultaneously by the heat release fan, compressor has wind when moving so heat, and the heating efficiency of compressor heat release part reduces, and has reduced efficient.
At reciprocating compressor etc. is not in the compressor of cylindrical in shape, is difficult to surround with the thermal insulation barriers sealing.
Form wind path in the mode that blows on the compressor of not keeping watch, use existing heat source side heat exchanger, the wind path aperture area is little, so air quantity is low, is that the relative humidity of wind path outlet air increases, can dewfall near heat exchanger or wind path outlet.
Embodiments of the present invention 5～7 have solved above-mentioned existing issue, and in the automatic vending machine that provides, the heat source side heat exchanger in the narrow and small Machine Room of automatic vending machine can guarantee fully that air quantity also can suppress the heat release of compressor, can improve the efficiency of heating surface relatively.
In order to solve above-mentioned existing issue, automatic vending machine of the present invention constitutes independently wind path at the area of space of compressor left and right directions, in the wind path internal configurations outdoor heat converter and the heat release fan that is formed by spiral fin coil arranged, use the foaming thermal insulation barriers that coincide with the compressor upper shape to surround compressor.
Therefore, do not have wind to compressor, simultaneously, used the little helical fin pipe in pipe of wind path resistance, can fully guarantee air quantity yet even the wind path area of section is little.
Form the shape of coincideing with plastic thermal insulation barriers such as polypropylene expanded bodies, surround compressor, can suppress the increase of appearance and size, also can suppress the heat release of compressor with the compressor upper shape.
Automatic vending machine of the present invention can suppress the heat release of compressor, improves heating efficiency, therefore, when using heat pump, can further reduce power consumption.
Among the present invention, the outdoor heat converter in the heat release fan air cooling wind path compressor wind because of there being wind, so can suppress the heat release of compressor, improves heating efficiency.And, because of using the outdoor heat converter of spiral fin coil moulding, even the little generation that also can prevent dewfall of wind path area of section can effectively utilize the space of compressor left and right directions in narrow and small Machine Room, particularly the automatic vending machine to amplitude broad produces effect very much.
Even the present invention's compressor periphery leaks refrigerant, also can be discharged to the outside, Machine Room from slit, can prevent that inside, Machine Room is full of the refrigerant of leakage.
The present invention can prevent the increase of appearance and size, can suppress the heat release of compressor again.
Even the present invention is leaked the HC refrigerant from the blank area of compressor and pipe arrangement, because of blank area is exposed near the wind path peristome of compressor top, so, can utilize the heat release fan to be discharged to outside the Machine Room.
The present invention can prevent that dew from flowing out to outside the Machine Room.
Below, with reference to accompanying drawing embodiment of the present invention 5～6 being described, the structure same label the same with previously described way of example with existing example omits its detailed description.In addition, this embodiment does not constitute the qualification to this invention.
Embodiment 5
Figure 15 is the refrigeration cycle diagram of the automatic vending machine of embodiment of the present invention 5.Figure 16 is the longitudinal section of the automatic vending machine of embodiment of the present invention 5.Figure 17 A is the Machine Room plane of the automatic vending machine of embodiment of the present invention 5, and Figure 17 B is the Machine Room sectional view of the automatic vending machine of embodiment of the present invention 5.Wherein, represent detailed with same label with the part of existing same structure function.
As shown in figure 15, the storehouse internal separation of automatic vending machine is become three, correspond to respectively that cooling private library (hereinafter referred to as left chamber), cooling add heat reservoir B (hereinafter referred to as middle chamber), cooling adds heat reservoir C (hereinafter referred to as the right ventricle); That describes in detail after being provided with utilizes side unit 401A (the specific side unit that utilizes), utilizes side unit 401B and utilize side unit 401C; Pressure fan separately is being set on each unit.Heat source side unit 402 and pressure fan 420 in the storehouse of automatic vending machine arranged outside.And, by these heat source side unit 402, utilize side unit 401A～401C to constitute the cooling/heating apparatus of automatic vending machine.
In Figure 16, automatic vending machine main body 430 comprises that hot/cold switches chamber 431 and Machine Room 432.The inside of switching chamber 431 at hot/cold is being provided with indoor heat converter 433, indoor fan 434, heater 435.432 inside are being provided with compressor 418, outdoor heat converter 419, heat release fan 420 in the Machine Room.And, dispose thermal insulation barriers 456 in mode around compressor 418.
Shown in Figure 17 A, Figure 17 B, compressor 418 laterally constitutes independently wind path 436, outdoor heat converter 419 and heat release fan 420 in wind path 436 internal configurations.
Below, the action of the automatic vending machine of above structure, effect are described.
The situation that heats the right ventricle to cooling off left chamber and middle chamber describes.The transfer valve 405A of heat source side heat exchanger 419 opens, simultaneously, transfer valve 405B closes, and, the transfer valve 410A that utilizes side heat exchanger 412B that cools off closes, transfer valve 410B opens, and the transfer valve 411A that utilizes side heat exchanger 412C that heats opens, and transfer valve 411B closes.
Therefore, pass through refrigerant discharge pipe 403, transfer valve 405A successively from the refrigerant part that compressor 418 is discharged, flow into heat source side heat exchanger 419, simultaneously, remaining refrigerant flows into from the transfer valve 411A that utilizes side unit 401C that heats through high-pressure gas pipe 407 and utilizes side heat exchanger 412C.Utilize side heat exchanger 412C and heat source side heat exchanger 419 condensation liquefactions by this.By the refrigerant of these heat exchangers 412C, 419 condensation liquefactions, through liquid pipe 409, the indoor heat converter 412A, the 412B that are flowed into separately by control valve for refrigerant flow 414, the 415 decompression backs that utilize side unit 401A, 401B evaporate gasification.
Flow into low-pressure gas pipe 408 through the refrigerant that utilizes side heat exchanger 412A, and, through flowing into low-pressure gas pipe 408 behind the refrigerant process transfer valve 410B that utilizes side heat exchanger 412B, suck compressors 418 through refrigerant suction line 404, gas-liquid separation machine 421 successively behind the interflow.So, utilize side heat exchanger 412C to play the effect of condenser, make right ventricle's heating, utilize side heat exchanger 412A, the 412B that play the evaporimeter effect make left chamber and the cooling of middle chamber.
Indoor fan 434 circulates the heat of indoor heat converter 433 and heats in hot/cold switches chamber 431; When the low ambient atmos of freeze cycle heating efficiency reduction is temperature actuated etc., heater 435 energisings.
Heat release fan 420 flows in wind path 436 by making wind, carries out heat exchange between outdoor heat converter 419 and air.Because heat release fan 420 is contained in the wind path 436 with outdoor heat converter 419, so the wind that heat release fan 420 produces flows in wind path 436, be configured in wind path 436 outer compressors 418 and can not cooled off by air, can suppress from the heat release of compressor 418.So the condensation temperature of indoor heat converter 433 rises, if it is identical to load, can reduce the running rate of compressor 418, reduce power consumption, save energy.
At this moment, in the prior art, because of not constituting wind path 436, the wind that heat release fan 420 produces carries out heat exchange between outdoor heat converter and air, simultaneously, and cooling compressor 418, thereby promoted the heat release of compressor, the condensation temperature of indoor heat converter 433 reduces, and the efficiency of heating surface reduces.
In Figure 16, Figure 17 A and Figure 17 B, heat release fan 420 disposes two, but considers the appropriateness of the capacity and heat release fan 420 air quantity of outdoor heat converter 419, also can be provided with more than one or three.
Thermal insulation barriers 437 with the foaming that coincide with the compressor upper shape surrounds compressors 418, thereby can suppress compressor 418 heat releases.As heat insulating member 437, can use thermal insulation height, the little polypropylene expanded body (for example, JSP system EPP-15P) of thermal deformation.Concerning other heat insulating members, there is the problem of thermal deformation in foamed styrene under the atmosphere more than 70 ℃, though there is so-called hygroscopic problem in polyurethane hear resistance height, so not preferred.
As mentioned above, in the present embodiment, horizontal independent formation wind path 436 at compressor 418, outdoor heat converter 419 and heat release fan 420 in wind path 436 internal configurations, the wind that heat release fan 420 produces can not make compressor 418 produce the air cooling, from the heat release of compressor 418, the condensation temperature of indoor heat converter 433 is risen in the time of can suppressing heat pump.So, if load is identical, can reduce the running rate of compressor 418, power consumption reduces, and saves energy.
In the present embodiment since around the thermal insulation barriers 437 of compressor 418 by polypropylene expanded moulding, so the thermal insulation height, and thermal deformation is little, can suppress the increase of appearance and size, can suppress the heat release of compressor 418 again.
Wherein, the material of heat insulating member 437 also can be used bipeltate, and is the same with polypropylene material, has the thermal insulation height and is out of shape little characteristics.
Embodiment 6
Figure 18 is the refrigeration cycle diagram of the automatic vending machine of embodiment of the present invention 6.Figure 19 is the whole longitudinal section of the automatic vending machine of embodiment of the present invention 6.Figure 20 is the sectional view of the automatic vending machine Machine Room of embodiment of the present invention 6.Figure 21 is the stereogram of outdoor heat converter in the embodiment of the present invention 6.
As shown in figure 18, automatic vending machine of the present invention has the storeroom that is made of hot/cold switching chamber 431, cooling dedicated chamber 438, the second cooling dedicated chamber 439, has the heating system that heat/switching chamber 431 is heated specially, this heating system is refrigerant with R600a, constitute comprise high temperature with reciprocating compressor 450, be arranged on hot/cold and switch indoor condenser 451 in the chamber 431, be arranged on the storeroom outdoor heat converter 452, the expansion valve 453 that work as evaporimeter outward.
As Figure 19 and shown in Figure 20, disposing compressor 446 in the Machine Room 432 of automatic vending machine 430.The independent wind path 450 that constitutes is arranged above compressor 446, outdoor heat converter 448 and heat release fan 420 in wind path 450 internal configurations.Side is being provided with slit 451 below wind path 450, sets thermal insulation barriers 452 in the mode around compressor 446.And, because of being configured forming the evaporating temperature place, can be being used to detect the pipe arrangement that condensation sensor 453 that dewfall has or not is installed in outdoor heat converter 448.The suction sheet 452 that absorbs dew is arranged on compressor 446 sides of slit set in the wind path 450 451 and dew reservoir 456 places that constitute the wind path component parts 455 of wind path 450.
As shown in figure 21, in outdoor heat converter 448, use helical fin pipe in pipe 459, this heat exchanger 459 constitutes around fin 458 with helical coil at pipe 457.
Below, action, the effect of the automatic vending machine of above structure described.
At first, when chamber 431 is changed in the heat of cooling/cold cut, stop high temperature, compressor 418 is driven with behind the compressor 446.After outdoor heat converter 419 condensations of refrigerant by the condenser effect of compressor 418 discharges, respectively by expansion valve A443, expansion valve B444, expansion valve C445 decompression, be supplied to indoor evaporator 440, evaporimeter 441, second evaporimeter 442, and, reflux to compressor 418 by the refrigerant after indoor evaporator 440, evaporimeter 441,442 evaporations of second evaporimeter.
At this moment, hot/cold switches the storeroom that reaches set point of temperature in chamber 431, cooling dedicated chamber 438, the second cooling dedicated chamber 439, because of closing corresponding expansion valve A443, expansion valve B444, expansion valve C445, and stops the supply of refrigerant.Further, when all storerooms reached set point of temperature, compressor 418 shut down.
Secondly, when hot/cold switching chamber 431 was heated, expansion valve A443 still closed, and compressor 418 work continue cooling dedicated chamber 438, the second cooling dedicated chamber 439 are cooled off, and simultaneously, make high temperature use compressor 446 to drive.Refrigerant from high temperature is discharged with compressor 446 after indoor condenser 447 condensations, by expansion valve 449 decompressions, is supplied to outdoor heat converter 448.And,, reflux to high temperature compressed machine 446 by the refrigerant after outdoor heat converter 448 evaporations.
Therefore, hot/cold is switched the special-purpose heating system that heat chamber 431 because of having, so, can make the cooperation optimization of custom-designed outdoor heat converter 448 and high temperature reciprocating compressor 446, can guarantee the life-span of compressor 446, and raise the efficiency.
When the superjacent air space disposed chamber outer heat-exchanger 448 of compressor 446, can use the heat exchanger 459 that forms by spiral fin coil, compact plane of 448 one-tenth of outdoor heat converters on the structure.In addition,,,, also can fully guarantee air quantity, can prevent to produce dewfall near the outlet of heat exchanger or wind path even the wind path area of section is little so wind resistance is little because fin 458 spaces of helical fin pipe in pipe 459 are big and curl connects.And dust also is difficult to pile up, and can also suppress the mutual obstruction of fin 458.
Heat release fan 420 by allowing wind flow, carries out heat exchange between outdoor heat converter 448 and air in wind path 450.Because heat release fan 420 and outdoor heat converter 448 are contained in the wind path 450, so the wind that heat release fan 420 produces flows in wind path 450, can not make compressor 446 air coolings that are configured in outside the wind path 450, can suppress the heat release of compressor 446.
Because of the downside at wind path 450 is being provided with slit 451, so the change of the suction inlet gross area of wind path 450 is big, the air quantity that sucks in wind path 450 that is produced by heat release fan 420 increases, with the heat-exchange capacity increase of outdoor heat converter 448.
When condensation sensor 453 detected dewfall, heating system shut down.
In addition, dew reservoir 456 places of the wind path component parts 455 of compressor 446 sides of the slit 451 in being arranged at wind path 450 and formation wind path 450 are provided with suction sheet 454, detect dewfall occur to shut down during, the dew of discharging is absorbed by suction sheet 454.The suction sheet 454 that contains this moisture content is used to make water evaporates from the heat of compressor 446 and the continuous running of heat release fan 420.
In addition, in independent heating heat pump, be not provided with under the situation of suction sheet 454, near dew guiding cold side outdoor heat converter 419 or compressor 418, can utilize the heat extraction evaporation of cold side yet, in this case, can improve the efficient of cold side.
As mentioned above, in the present embodiment, above compressor 446, constitute independently wind path 450, heat exchanger 459 and the heat release fan 420 that forms by spiral fin coil in wind path 450 internal configurations.Therefore, heat exchanger 459 is the plane of compactness on the structure, can effectively apply flexibly the superjacent air space of the compressor 446 in the narrow and small Machine Room 432.And, wind resistance is diminished, even the wind path area of section is little, also can fully guarantee air quantity, can prevent to produce dewfall near outdoor heat converter 448 or wind path 450 outlets.In addition, the obstruction of dust is difficult to take place, and need not safeguard.
In addition, on compressor 446, can concentrate the DC frequency-changeable compressor of reeling with salient pole.So, different the method for making that the motor coil of reeling in advance inserts the opening from the rear like that with the compressor of existing distribution coil, because of directly being wound in the opening, makes motor coil, spiral is very little at interval, it is about 1/3 that the end turn size of motor can be dwindled, and can be suppressed to lesser extent to the compressor height dimension.Therefore, guarantee the space of compressor 446 tops easily.
If compressor 446 superjacent air spaces are had a surplus, overlapping two-layer configuration about helical fin pipe in pipe 459 this space setting, that constitute outdoor heat converter 448 also can be in this case, also can improve evaporability.
In the present embodiment, because of slit 451 is being set below wind path 450, so it is big that the suction inlet gross area of wind path 450 becomes, with the heat-exchange capacity increase of outdoor heat converter 448.
In the present embodiment, the condensation sensor 453 that has or not in order to the detection dewfall is configured on the lower side pipe arrangement of outdoor heat converter 448, becoming the setting of evaporating temperature place, whereby, when the condensation sensor 453 that the detection dewfall has or not detects dewfall, stop the running of heating system, can prevent that dew from flowing out to 432 outsides, Machine Room.
In the present embodiment, compressor 446 sides of the slit 451 in being arranged at wind path 450 and dew reservoir 456 places are being provided with suction sheet 454, detect dew occur to shut down during, the dew of discharge is absorbed by suction sheet 454.Therefore, can prevent that dew from flowing to the outside of Machine Room 432.
Embodiment 7
Figure 22 is the automatic vending machine Machine Room sectional view of embodiment of the present invention 7.In addition, the formation identical with embodiment 6, the parts of effect are represented detailed with same label.
In Figure 22, discharge pipe 460 and suction line 461 are installed on compressor 446, the connector portions of discharge pipe 460 and suction line 461 is exposed to around the outside of the thermal insulation barriers 462 of compressor 445.
Below, action, the effect of the automatic vending machine of above structure described.
At first, the connector portions of the pipe arrangement of discharge pipe 460 and suction line 461 is exposed from thermal insulation barriers 462.Therefore, when using the HC refrigerant,, utilize compressor 446 top wind path peristomes (slit 451), be discharged to 432 outsides, Machine Room by 420 effects of heat release fan even leak the HC refrigerant from the connector portions of the pipe arrangement of discharge pipe 460 and suction line 461.The refrigerant that 432 inside are full of leakage in the Machine Room can be prevented, the security of burning things which may cause a fire disaster vis-a-vis can be further improved.
As mentioned above, this automatic vending machine of the present invention can improve heating efficiency the temperature maintenance of compressor to high temperature during heat pump, so, be applicable to that also usefulness such as cold temperature storage is coated with.

Claims (13)

1. an automatic vending machine is characterized in that, comprising:
The accommodating chamber that holds commodity;
Be arranged at the indoor heat converter in the described accommodating chamber;
Be arranged at the outer outdoor heat converter of described accommodating chamber;
The expansion mechanism that refrigerant is reduced pressure;
Be arranged at the outer compressor of described accommodating chamber; With
Flow channel switching valve, to the described refrigerant that spues from described compressor, carry out following selection: be to make it to begin in the circulation of described expansion mechanism and described indoor heat converter and revert to described compressor from described outdoor heat converter, still make it to begin in the circulation of described expansion mechanism and described outdoor heat converter and revert to described compressor from described indoor heat converter
Described compressor, described flow channel switching valve, described indoor heat converter, described expansion mechanism and described outdoor heat converter utilize pipe arrangement to be connected,
Described compressor is a low pressure shell mould compressor,
Described refrigerant is R600a,
Under the situation of the described accommodating chamber of heating, the evaporating temperature of described outdoor heat converter is-10～10 ℃, and the condensation temperature of described indoor heat converter is 50～70 ℃,
Kinetic viscosity when the lubricating oil of described low pressure shell mould compressor is 40 ℃ is 3～30mm 2The mineral oil of/s or ester oil.
2. automatic vending machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that,
Described compressor surrounds with thermal insulation barriers, and the lubricating oil temperature protection during with heating is at 40～80 ℃.
3. automatic vending machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that,
Also have the heater that described compressor is heated,
During heating, under the temperature of described compressor drops to situation below the setting, make described heater energising.
4. automatic vending machine according to claim 2 is characterized in that,
Also have the heater that described compressor is heated,
During heating, under the temperature of described compressor drops to situation below the setting, make described heater energising.
5. automatic vending machine according to claim 4 is characterized in that,
Also have the fan that described compressor is cooled off,
During cooling, under described compressor temperature rises to situation more than the setting, make described fan work.
6. automatic vending machine as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, also comprises:
The heat release fan that described compressor is used,
About described compressor or top form wind path,
Described outdoor heat converter is formed by spiral fin coil,
In described wind path inside, disposing described outdoor heat converter and described heat release fan.
7. automatic vending machine according to claim 6 is characterized in that,
Described wind path is independent of the space field of described compressor left and right directions.
8. automatic vending machine according to claim 6 is characterized in that,
Described wind path is independent of the space field of the last direction of described compressor.
9. according to the described automatic vending machine of one of claim 6～8, it is characterized in that,
The parts that form the compressor side wind path are provided with slit,
The compressor periphery is formed with the wind path peristome.
10. according to the described automatic vending machine of one of claim 6～8, it is characterized in that,
The thermal insulation barriers of foaming and molding surrounds described compressor with the compressor upper shape is identical.
11. automatic vending machine according to claim 10 is characterized in that,
The connector portions of described compressor and pipe arrangement is exposed near the wind path peristome.
12. according to claim 6 or 7 described automatic vending machines, it is characterized in that,
Also has the condensation sensor on the pipe arrangement that is installed in described outdoor heat converter;
In case described condensation sensor detects dewfall, just stop the heating of described accommodating chamber.
13. according to claim 6 or 7 described automatic vending machines, it is characterized in that,
The suction sheet that also has the dew reservoir that is arranged on the wind path component parts that forms described wind path.
CNB2007101524080A 2003-10-09 2004-10-09 Automatic vending machine Expired - Fee Related CN100570250C (en)

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JP2004175145 2004-06-14
JP2004176830 2004-06-15
JP2004181032 2004-06-18

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CN104033388B (en) * 2014-06-09 2016-08-31 广东美芝制冷设备有限公司 Low pressure chamber rotary compressor and refrigeration plant

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JP3818286B2 (en) 2006-09-06
CN100545553C (en) 2009-09-30

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