CN101153361A - High-strength creep resistant magnesium alloy and method of producing the same - Google Patents
High-strength creep resistant magnesium alloy and method of producing the same Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A high-intensity anti-creep magnesium alloy and the preparation method thereof, wherein, the compositions by weight percentage of magnesium alloy are as follows: Y is more than or equal to 6 percent and less than or equal to 12 percent, Gd is more than or equal to 1 percent and less than or equal to 6 percent, Zn is more than or equal to 0.5 percent and less than or equal to 3 percent, and Zr is more than or equal to 0.5 percent and less than or equal to 3 percent, the residue is Mg and the unavoidable impurities. When smelting, medium different alloys with Mg-Y, Mg-Gd, and Mg-Zr are used to add components of Y, Gd and Zr into the melted magnesium, the magnesium alloy after the melting undergoes melting for 6-24 hours at 500-550 DEG C, followed by seasoning for 12-48 hours at 225-300 DEG C, then the magnetic alloy is excellent in intensity and anti-creep function at 300 DEG C.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of high-strength creep resistant magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof, be specifically related to a kind of by adding alloying element (Y, Gd, Zn) thereby and adjust high strength and the creep-resistant property that corresponding thermal treatment process realizes magnesium alloy, belong to class of metal materials and field of metallurgy.
Background technology
Magnesium alloy can satisfy the motor vehicle exhaust requirement of increasingly stringent as the lightest structural metallic materials, can produce in light weight, oil consumption is few, the new automobile of environment-friendly type, thereby in automotive industry, be subjected to paying close attention to widely.Yet low hot strength and creep-resistant property have restricted its application on engine and power system part.Rare earth is considered to be used for improving the important element of magnesium alloy resistance toheat, as obtaining the Mg-Y-Nd base alloy WE54 and the WE43 of commercial applications.
In Japanese patent laid-open 10-147830, the inventor selects for use Y as the first alloy constituent element, Gd is as second constituent element, their prepared Mg-8Y-3Gd-0.5Zr alloy is after through homogenize between processings, heat forging and ageing treatment, can obtain to be better than the high temperature tensile strength of WE54, wherein the tensile strength under 200 ℃ has surpassed 330MPa (Tokyo finish forge worker institute of Co., Ltd., Hitachi Metal Co., Ltd., Te Kaiping 10-147830, open day: 1998.06.02).Yet in this patent, the creep property to alloy is not described, and the treatment process relative complex that is adopted after the casting, is unfavorable for suitability for industrialized production.Another improves stable on heating may approach be to add comparatively cheap Zn to replace part Gd, thereby is expected to obtain high-temperature behavior is improved useful long-periodic structure.In recent years, to be desirably in and to obtain long-periodic structure in the magnesium-rare earth be a focus of studying in the world to the adjustment by composition and technology always.But aspect thermotolerance, too high Zn content will influence the solid solution effect, so that can not give full play to the effect of ageing strengthening, and this also is unfavorable for the improvement of magnesium alloy high-temperature behavior and the original intention that runs counter to light-weight design undoubtedly.
From above analysis as can be seen, further optimize alloying constituent and thermal treatment process, all have crucial meaning for the lightweight characteristic of acting on magnesium alloy, the acceptable price of realization and acquisition excellent heat resisting.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome deficiency of the prior art, a kind of high-strength creep resistant magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof is proposed, by adding alloying element (Y, Gd, Zn) and adjust corresponding thermal treatment process, thereby realize the hot strength and the creep-resistant property of the excellence that heat resistance magnesium alloy need possess.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is: consider that the Y solid solubility is big, solid solution strengthening effect is good, has the ageing strengthening ability, and in rare earth metal, has relatively low density, help to increase the fire-retardant and resistance of oxidation of alloy, thereby select for use Y as first constituent element, for guaranteeing that alloy obtains good solution strengthening and timeliness precipitating reinforcing effect, the add-on of Y is not less than 6%, for avoiding alloy plasticity low excessively, and obtain too much low melting point eutectic under the as cast condition and influence high temperature creep property mutually, the add-on of Y should not be higher than 12%; Select for use Gd as second constituent element, because adding heavy rare earth element Gd is expected to obtain than the better creep-resistant property of light rare earths Y, and can bring into play solid solution, the ageing strengthening effect of Gd, the adding that improves Y causes the detrimentally affect of age hardening peak temperature delay, but excessive Gd can cause density to increase too much, so the content of Gd is controlled at 1～6%; Select for use Zn as the 3rd constituent element, remove the rich Zn rare earth compound pinning crystal boundary that can utilize generation, bear part load and improve outside the high-temperature behavior, the adding of Zn can also be introduced the long period ordered structure at intracrystalline, because of this structure and Mg matrix have coherent interface, so help to suppress the thermotolerance that matrix is out of shape also thereby improves alloy under the high temperature, certainly, the adding of Zn can also reduce cost effectively, but content is also too much unsuitable, in order to avoid produce the too much rich Zn compound that is difficult to solid solution, so the content of Zn is controlled at 0.5～3%; In addition,, can also add an amount of Zr in the alloy and come crystal grain thinning, further improve the intensity and the plasticity of material, thereby expectation obtains comparatively excellent comprehensive performance though be not essential.
In sum, a kind of high-strength creep resistant magnesium alloy provided by the present invention, each component and weight percent thereof that it comprises are: 6%≤Y≤12%, 1%≤Gd≤6%, 0.5%≤Zn≤3%, 0≤Zr≤0.9%, all the other are Mg and unavoidable impurities.Wherein, the impurity content in the alloy is: Fe＜0.005%, Cu＜0.015%, Ni＜0.002%, with the increase of foreign matter content, the corrosion resistance nature of alloy significantly reduces.
The preparation method of above-mentioned alloy provided by the present invention is divided into two stages, i.e. melting and subsequent heat treatment.Wherein, fusion process is at SF
6/ CO
2Carry out under the gas shield condition, concrete steps are as follows:
(1) melting Mg: in smelting furnace, add the pure magnesium of oven dry, the heating melting;
(2) add Zn: after treating that magnesium melts fully, under 600～700 ℃ temperature, add industrial-purity zinc;
(3) add Y and Gd: in magnesium liquid, adding Mg-Y and Mg-Gd master alloy under 700～740 ℃ the temperature;
(4) add under the situation of Zr at needs: add the Mg-Zr master alloy after the magnesium liquid temp is risen to 760～780 ℃, stir 2～5 minutes to impel it fully to melt;
(5) casting: rising magnesium liquid temp to 780～800 ℃, be incubated and be cooled to 740～760 ℃ after 20～30 minutes, refining 6～10 minutes, time of repose after the refining was controlled between 25～40 minutes, treat to skim surface scum after magnesium liquid is cooled to 700～720 ℃, be cast to the casting that is heated to 200～250 ℃ in advance and use in the steel die, can obtain Mg-Y-Gd-Zn alloy or Mg-Y-Gd-Zn-Zr alloy.
Thermal treatment process after the melting is:
Solution treatment that Mg-Y-Gd-Zn alloy that melting is obtained or Mg-Y-Gd-Zn-Zr alloy carry out 500～550 ℃, 6～24 hours and 225～300 ℃, 12～48 hours ageing treatment.
Obviously, compare with existing public technology and the flat 10-147830 of open patent, all there is significant difference in alloy of the present invention on composition and technology.On the composition, the adding of trace Zn has obviously changed the heterogeneous microstructure of alloy, present inventors think the creep-resistant property that rich Zn compound that it produced and long period ordered structure all can obviously be improved alloy, and in the flat 10-147830 of open patent, the hot strength of alloy just has been discussed, creep property is not had any description, and in fact, the mechanism that influences of TRANSIENT HIGH TEMPERATURE intensity and creep property has notable difference.On the technology, alloy of the present invention has saved between heat among the flat 10-147830 of open patent and has forged, and has adopted casting and the thermal treatment process optimized, has realized excellent hot strength and creep-resistant property equally.
In a word, compared with prior art, the present invention has marked improvement, the heat resisting magnesium-rare earth alloy that provides is in light weight except that having, technology is simple, cost can accept, also has very excellent hot strength and creep-resistant property.With the Mg-12Y-5Gd-2Zn-0.5Zr alloy is example, Fig. 1 is the typical as-cast metallographic structure of this alloy, after the ageing treatment through 535 ℃, 16 hours solution treatment and 225 ℃, 24 hours, its room temperature tensile strength and unit elongation are respectively 272.84MPa and 0.55%, tensile strength and unit elongation during 200 ℃ of high temperature are respectively 288.72MPa and 6.3%, and tensile strength and unit elongation during 300 ℃ of high temperature are respectively 295.36MPa and 10.6%; Under 300 ℃/50MPa creep condition, this alloy still has very excellent creep-resistant property, and its steady state creep speed is 2.8 * 10
-8s
-1, and far surpass 100 hours its creep life, and be lower than 40 hours creep life that does not add the Mg-12Y-5Gd-0.5Zr alloy of Zn under the same test condition, as appended shown in Figure 2 in back.Under 250 ℃/80MPa creep condition, the steady state creep speed that adds the Zn alloy is 3.89 * 10
-9s
-1, and the steady state creep speed that does not add the Zn alloy is 4.46 * 10
-8s
-1, concrete data can be referring to table 1 and the appended Fig. 3 in back.This shows that the adding of Zn element can significantly improve the creep-resistant property of alloy really.
The comparison of the creep property of table 1:Mg-12Y-5Gd-0.5Zr and Mg-12Y-5Gd-2Zn-0.5Zr alloy
| Alloy | Probe temperature (℃) | Test stress (MPa) | Creep strain (%) | Creep life (h) | Steady state creep speed (s -1) | |
| 20h | 100h | |||||
| Mg-12Y-5Gd-0.5Zr | 250 | 80 | 0.38 | 1.70 | ＞100 | 4.46×10 -8 |
| 300 | 50 | 2.00 | Rupture | ＜40 | There is not obvious steady state creep | |
| Mg-12Y-5Gd-2Zn-0.5Zr | 250 | 80 | 0.13 | 0.29 | ＞100 | 3.89×10 -9 |
| 300 | 50 | 0.69 | 4.58 | ＞100 | 2.80×10 -8 | |
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 represents the as-cast metallographic structure of Mg-12Y-5Gd-2Zn-0.5Zr alloy.
Fig. 2 represents Mg-12Y-5Gd-0.5Zr and the creep property of Mg-12Y-5Gd-2Zn-0.5Zr alloy under 300 ℃/50MPa condition.
Fig. 3 represents Mg-12Y-5Gd-0.5Zr and the creep property of Mg-12Y-5Gd-2Zn-0.5Zr alloy under 250 ℃/80MPa condition.
Embodiment
Below, the present invention will be described with specific embodiment.
Embodiment 1:
Alloying constituent (weight percent): 6%Y, 5%Gd, 2%Zn, impurity element are less than 0.02%, and all the other are Mg.
The melting technology concrete steps of this alloy are: (1) adds pure magnesium according to mentioned component configuration alloy in electrical crucible, adopt SF simultaneously
6/ CO
2Mixed gas is protected; (2) treat that magnesium melts fully after, add industrial-purity zincs at 640 ℃; (3) after the magnesium liquid temp reaches 740 ℃, the Mg-Gd master alloy is directly joined in the magnesium liquid, Mg-Gd fusing back magnesium liquid temp adds the Mg-Y master alloy again when ging up to 740 ℃; (4) add the Mg-Zr master alloy after the magnesium liquid temp is risen to 770 ℃, stir 4 minutes to impel it fully to melt; (5) rising magnesium liquid temp to 790 ℃, be incubated and be cooled to 750 ℃ after 20 minutes, refining 6 minutes, the time of repose after the refining was controlled between 25～40 minutes, treat that skimming surface scum after magnesium liquid is cooled to 700 ℃ casts, casting is heated to 240 ℃ in advance with steel die.
The alloy that melting is obtained carries out 525 ℃, 6 hours solution treatment and 225 ℃, 12 hours ageing treatment.Obtain high-strength creep resistant Mg-6Y-5Gd-2Zn alloy at last.
The alloy at room temperature tensile strength and the unit elongation of present embodiment are respectively 245.12MPa and 8.2%, tensile strength and unit elongation during 200 ℃ of tests of high temperature are respectively 240.03MPa and 20.1%, and tensile strength and unit elongation during 300 ℃ of tests of high temperature are respectively 220.25MPa and 31.2%; Under the 300 ℃/50MPa creep condition, its steady state creep speed is 3.6 * 10
-7s
-1, under the 250 ℃/80MPa creep condition, its steady state creep speed is 3.5 * 10
-8s
-1
Embodiment 2:
Alloying constituent (weight percent): 6%Y, 5%Gd, 2%Zn, 0.5%Zr, impurity element are less than 0.02%, and all the other are Mg.
The melting technology concrete steps of this alloy are: (1) adds pure magnesium according to mentioned component configuration alloy in electrical crucible, adopt SF simultaneously
6/ CO
2Mixed gas is protected; (2) treat that magnesium melts fully after, add industrial-purity zincs at 690 ℃; (3) after the magnesium liquid temp reaches 720 ℃, the Mg-Gd master alloy is directly joined in the magnesium liquid, Mg-Gd fusing back magnesium liquid temp adds the Mg-Y master alloy again when ging up to 720 ℃; (4) add the Mg-Zr master alloy after the magnesium liquid temp is risen to 760 ℃, stir 2 minutes to impel it fully to melt; (5) rising magnesium liquid temp to 780 ℃, be incubated and be cooled to 750 ℃ after 20 minutes, refining 6 minutes, the time of repose after the refining was controlled between 25～40 minutes, treat that skimming surface scum after magnesium liquid is cooled to 700 ℃ casts, casting is heated to 200 ℃ in advance with steel die.
The alloy that melting is obtained carries out 525 ℃, 6 hours solution treatment and 225 ℃, 12 hours ageing treatment.Obtain high-strength creep resistant Mg-6Y-5Gd-2Zn-0.5Zr alloy at last.
The alloy at room temperature tensile strength and the unit elongation of present embodiment are respectively 251.2MPa and 12.01%, tensile strength and unit elongation during 200 ℃ of tests of high temperature are respectively 245.79MPa and 36.4%, and tensile strength and unit elongation during 300 ℃ of tests of high temperature are respectively 234.02MPa and 38.1%; Under the 300 ℃/50MPa creep condition, its steady state creep speed is 4.2 * 10
-7s
-1, under the 250 ℃/80MPa creep condition, its steady state creep speed is 3.8 * 10
-8s
-1
Embodiment 3:
Alloying constituent (weight percent): 7%Y, 4%Gd, 0.5%Zn, 0.3%Zr, impurity element are less than 0.02%, and all the other are Mg.
The melting technology concrete steps of this alloy are: (1) adds pure magnesium according to mentioned component configuration alloy in electrical crucible, adopt SF simultaneously
6/ CO
2Mixed gas is protected; (2) treat that magnesium melts fully after, add industrial-purity zincs at 690 ℃; (3) after the magnesium liquid temp reaches 725 ℃, the Mg-Gd master alloy is directly joined in the magnesium liquid, Mg-Gd fusing back magnesium liquid temp adds the Mg-Y master alloy again when ging up to 725 ℃; (4) add the Mg-Zr master alloy after the magnesium liquid temp is risen to 760 ℃, stir 2 minutes to impel it fully to melt; (5) rising magnesium liquid temp to 780 ℃, be incubated and be cooled to 750 ℃ after 20 minutes, refining 6 minutes, the time of repose after the refining was controlled between 25～40 minutes, treat that skimming surface scum after magnesium liquid is cooled to 710 ℃ casts, casting is heated to 220 ℃ in advance with steel die.
The alloy that melting is obtained carries out 535 ℃, 16 hours solution treatment and 225 ℃, 24 hours ageing treatment.Obtain high-strength creep resistant Mg-7Y-4Gd-0.5Zn-0.3Zr alloy at last.
The alloy at room temperature tensile strength and the unit elongation of present embodiment are respectively 283.40MPa and 0.51%, tensile strength and unit elongation during 200 ℃ of tests of high temperature are respectively 269.74MPa and 7.6%, and tensile strength and unit elongation during 300 ℃ of tests of high temperature are respectively 222.14MPa and 9.5%; Under the 300 ℃/50MPa creep condition, its steady state creep speed is 5.8 * 10
-8s
-1, under the 250 ℃/80MPa creep condition, its steady state creep speed is 6.19 * 10
-9s
-1
Embodiment 4:
Alloying constituent (weight percent): 12%Y, 5%Gd, 2%Zn, 0.5%Zr, impurity element are less than 0.02%, and all the other are Mg.
The melting technology concrete steps of this alloy are: (1) adds pure magnesium according to mentioned component configuration alloy in electrical crucible, adopt SF simultaneously
6/ CO
2Mixed gas is protected; (2) treat that magnesium melts fully after, add industrial-purity zincs at 700 ℃; (3) after the magnesium liquid temp reaches 730 ℃, the Mg-Gd master alloy is directly joined in the magnesium liquid, Mg-Gd fusing back magnesium liquid temp adds the Mg-Y master alloy again when ging up to 730 ℃; (4) add the Mg-Zr master alloy after the magnesium liquid temp is risen to 760 ℃, stir 2 minutes to impel it fully to melt; (5) rising magnesium liquid temp to 780 ℃, be incubated and be cooled to 750 ℃ after 20 minutes, refining 6 minutes, the time of repose after the refining was controlled between 25～40 minutes, treat that skimming surface scum after magnesium liquid is cooled to 710 ℃ casts, casting is heated to 220 ℃ in advance with steel die.
The alloy that melting is obtained carries out 535 ℃, 16 hours solution treatment and 225 ℃, 24 hours ageing treatment.Obtain high-strength creep resistant Mg-12Y-5Gd-2Zn-0.5Zr alloy at last.
The alloy at room temperature tensile strength and the unit elongation of present embodiment are respectively 272.84MPa and 0.55%, tensile strength and unit elongation during 200 ℃ of tests of high temperature are respectively 288.72MPa and 6.3%, and tensile strength and unit elongation during 300 ℃ of tests of high temperature are respectively 295.36MPa and 10.6%; Under the 300 ℃/50MPa creep condition, its steady state creep speed is 2.8 * 10
-8s
-1, under the 250 ℃/80MPa creep condition, its steady state creep speed is 3.89 * 10
-9s
-1
Embodiment 5:
Alloying constituent (weight percent): 9%Y, 5%Gd, 3%Zn, 0.9%Zr, impurity element are less than 0.02%, and all the other are Mg.
The melting technology concrete steps of this alloy are: (1) adds pure magnesium according to mentioned component configuration alloy in electrical crucible, adopt SF simultaneously
6/ CO
2Mixed gas is protected; (2) treat that magnesium melts fully after, add industrial-purity zincs at 700 ℃; (3) after the magnesium liquid temp reaches 730 ℃, the Mg-Gd master alloy is directly joined in the magnesium liquid, Mg-Gd fusing back magnesium liquid temp adds the Mg-Y master alloy again when ging up to 730 ℃; (4) add the Mg-Zr master alloy after the magnesium liquid temp is risen to 760 ℃, stir 2 minutes to impel it fully to melt; (5) rising magnesium liquid temp to 780 ℃, be incubated and be cooled to 750 ℃ after 20 minutes, refining 6 minutes, the time of repose after the refining was controlled between 25～40 minutes, treat that skimming surface scum after magnesium liquid is cooled to 710 ℃ casts, casting is heated to 220 ℃ in advance with steel die.
The alloy that melting is obtained carries out 535 ℃, 16 hours solution treatment and 225 ℃, 24 hours ageing treatment.Obtain high-strength creep resistant Mg-9Y-5Gd-3Zn-0.9Zr alloy at last.
The alloy at room temperature tensile strength and the unit elongation of present embodiment are respectively 291.95MPa and 2.46%, tensile strength and unit elongation during 200 ℃ of tests of high temperature are respectively 317.72MPa and 21.9%, and tensile strength and unit elongation during 300 ℃ of tests of high temperature are respectively 280.66MPa and 23.3%; Under the 300 ℃/50MPa creep condition, its steady state creep speed is 7.9 * 10
-8s
-1, under the 250 ℃/80MPa creep condition, its steady state creep speed is 1.18 * 10
-8s
-1
Claims (5)
1. a magnesium alloy is characterized in that, each component and the weight percent thereof that comprise are: 6%≤Y≤12%, 1%≤Gd≤6%, 0.5%≤Zn≤3%, 0≤Zr≤0.9%, all the other are Mg and unavoidable impurities.
2. magnesium alloy according to claim 1 is characterized in that, wherein the weight percent of Zr is 0.3%≤Zr≤0.9%.
3. magnesium alloy according to claim 1 is characterized in that, wherein the weight percent of impurity component is: Fe＜0.005%, Cu＜0.015%, Ni＜0.002%.
4. the preparation method of a magnesium alloy is used to prepare magnesium alloy as claimed in claim 1, comprising: fusion process and follow-up heat treatment process is characterized in that described fusion process is at SF
6/ CO
2Carry out under the gas shield condition, concrete steps are as follows:
(1) melting Mg: in smelting furnace, add the pure magnesium of oven dry, the heating melting;
(2) add Zn: after treating that magnesium melts fully, under 600～700 ℃ temperature, add industrial-purity zinc;
(3) add Y and Gd: in magnesium liquid, adding Mg-Y and Mg-Gd master alloy under 700～740 ℃ the temperature;
(4) add under the situation of Zr at needs: add the Mg-Zr master alloy after the magnesium liquid temp is risen to 760～780 ℃, stir 2～5 minutes to impel it fully to melt;
(5) casting: rising magnesium liquid temp to 780～800 ℃, be incubated and be cooled to 740～760 ℃ after 20～30 minutes, refining 6～10 minutes, time of repose after the refining was controlled between 25～40 minutes, treat to skim surface scum after magnesium liquid is cooled to 700～720 ℃, be cast to the casting that is heated to 200～250 ℃ in advance and use in the steel die, can obtain Mg-Y-Gd-Zn alloy or Mg-Y-Gd-Zn-Zr alloy.
5. according to the preparation method of the magnesium alloy of claim 4, it is characterized in that described follow-up heat treatment process comprises: solution treatment that the Mg-Y-Gd-Zn alloy that obtains or Mg-Y-Gd-Zn-Zr alloy are carried out 500～550 ℃, 6～24 hours and 225～300 ℃, 12～48 hours ageing treatment.
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| JP5555657B2 (en) * | 2011-04-08 | 2014-07-23 | 日立オートモティブシステムズ株式会社 | Piston of internal combustion engine |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1300357C (en) * | 2004-09-29 | 2007-02-14 | 上海交通大学 | Preparation of high-strength creep resistant deforming magnesium alloy |
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