CN101150731A - Color filtering array for digital imaging and its imaging method - Google Patents
Color filtering array for digital imaging and its imaging method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a color filtering array for digital imaging and an imaging method thereof, the array comprises a plurality of neutral illumination units and a plurality of color filtering units, which is characterized in that: the neutral illumination units are major, the color filtering units are minor; the color filtering units are arranged in color filtering areas repeated in line and row directions, each color filtering area comprises at least three trichroism color units corresponding to trichroism red, green, blue or cyan, magenta and yellow. The color imaging method of the invention calculates black white images according to neutral units firstly, calculates color images according to color units; then transforms color images to an illumination-chrominance space; finally, the illumination component of images is replaced by black white images to form new color images. Based on the digital imaging device of the invention, the invention has the advantages of high resolution, high lminous sensitivity and small color distortion.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of color filter array and formation method thereof that is used for digital imagery.
Background technology
A color can be expressed by three primary colors usually.Using monolithic solid imaging sensor (CCD or cmos device) when carrying out autochromy, each image-generating unit is designed to only survey a kind of in the three primary colors.What determine which kind of color certain unit survey is the color filter array (Color filter array) of transducer front, and two other color composition of place, a unit need be calculated by interpolation algorithm, and its evaluation work is by the computer in the digital imaging apparatus digitized signal processing to be finished.(see figure 1) in the most frequently used Bayer array, blue (B) unit of red (R) green (G) is staggered, and green unit accounts for 50% of whole sensing units, and red and indigo plant respectively accounts for 25%.The reason of arranging green cell to occupy the majority is: illuminance plays most important effect to image resolution ratio, and people's vision system is to the most approaching perception to illuminance of the perception of green.This light intensity signal computing formula from TV signal is (Y=0.59G+0.3R+0.11B) as can be seen, and green component is to the contribution maximum of illumination, greater than red and blue.Yet 50% green, 25% distribution red, 25% indigo plant is not to be the best of breed that is fit to the human visual system, and some patents have also proposed the green color filter array that accounts for more than 50%, have accounted for 75% as the green in United States Patent (USP) 5374956 arrays.But green component and be not equal to illumination in any case.For red or blue abundant picture, these arrays often cause big distortion.
United States Patent (USP) 5323233 has proposed a kind of color filter array, wherein contains 50% neutral cells and is used for direct detection illumination, and the carrier chrominance signal in the output signal then comes from remaining pseudo-colour filtering unit.The characteristics of this array are that neutral filter unit and each colour cell evenly mix and be staggered.Cause like this be separated by between each colour cell far away.Such arrangement can produce more serious cross-color, especially in edge.With an example this cross-color is described below.
Suppose a black and white edge (image value is 40 from 100 saltus steps) to be sampled with two color filter array A and B.Array A has identical sample frequency (every 3 point samplings) with B, but different arrangements.In the sampling array 1 is illustrated in this point sampling, and x is illustrated in this point and does not sample.When using array A, RGB sample at same pixel place, and when using array B, and the RGB pixel that staggers is sampled.Suppose in each color layers, to estimate the pixel of not adopted (being labeled as x) with simple linear interpolation method respectively, result of calculation can see the above table, be with following stroke numeric representation they be by sampled data duplicate and, the pixel between them is to come by interpolation calculation.
Can see the result who obtains by array A and B have 2 different.The one, the pixel number (A is 2 pixels, and B is 4 pixels) of error is arranged, these pixels go out with the bold Italic sign.Second difference is the acceptance level of human visual system to error, by A obtain the result be by white to ash again to deceiving, just black and white edge that point fuzziness arranged of vision system is given in this gradual change, and (image value fades to 80 by 100,60 and final 40), the result who is obtained by B then is the edge (the RGB value at each pixel of edge is inequality) of a wounded colour distortion.This example has illustrated, reduce distortion, reduce the distortion of human visual system's sensitivity, and the three primary colors filter unit should be tried one's best close.Colour cell is scattered in and then can causes serious chromatic distortion between the neutral cells in the United States Patent (USP) 5323233.If the more neutral cells of design in such array will be farther at interval between the colour cell, chromatic distortion will be more serious.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of color filter array that is used for digital imagery, the arrangement mode of this array has the sample frequency height of illuminance information and the high characteristics of luminous energy collection efficiency, and chrominance information is then had low but the characteristics in the sampling set of sample rate; By in illumination one colourity color space that illuminance information and chrominance information is synthetic, can obtain high-resolution, low chromatic distortion, highly sensitive coloured image.The present invention also provides the digital imaging method based on this color filter array.
The color filter array that is used for digital imagery of the present invention, comprise a plurality of neutral illumination unit and a plurality of pseudo-colour filterings unit (referring to Fig. 2), it is characterized in that: neutral illumination unit is in the great majority, generally greater than 55%, can be in the special applications up to 92%, and the pseudo-colour filtering unit occupies the minority; The pseudo-colour filtering sub-district that the pseudo-colour filtering unit cell arrangement becomes to follow, column direction repeats is contained three three primary colors colour cells at least in each pseudo-colour filtering sub-district, turquoise with primary colors red or blue or green respectively product are yellow corresponding.
The described color filter array that is used for digital imagery is characterized in that: the pseudo-colour filtering sub-district be expert at and column direction on 3 or 4 at every interval, even more multiple unit repeats, the repeated arrangement of pseudo-colour filtering sub-district is grid configuration or is alternative form; Each pseudo-colour filtering sub-district is formed by three three primary colors colour cells or by the colour cell of one of three three primary colors colour cells and three primary colors.
Three primary colors-green grass or young crops (C) product (M) yellow (Y) that mix of losing lustre also have application in some digital cameras, as Kodak DCS620X digital camera.For guaranteeing the authenticity of color, blue or green sometimes product Huang also is used with green, as Canon PowerShot G1.In like manner, color filter array of the present invention can also constitute by three primary colors-green grass or young crops product of the mixing of losing lustre are yellow.
The spectrum transmitting characteristic of pseudo-colour filtering unit is identical with unit in the existing color filter array respectively.Neutral illumination unit does not have selectivity to spectrum, can be neutral density filters (promptly only light intensity attenuation being seen through) or transparent fully.
About digital processing method based on color filter array of the present invention, following (referring to Fig. 3) of concrete steps:
(1) determined most unit in the imageing sensor to be used to survey the illumination of incident image by the color filter array among the present invention, and remaining fewer cells is used to survey RGB or three kinds of color compositions of blue or green product Huang.The signal of transducer is handled by computer after digitlization.
(2) working method of neutral cells is as grayscale camera, and can be passed through interpolation method by the occupied part of colour cell, estimates and forms complete black and white image as simple linear interpolation method or complicated polynomial interpolation.
Because the yellow in green in the RGB system and the yellow system of blue or green product, bigger to the illumination signal contribution, in some chromatic filter designs, they are by the approximate illumination of being used as, the signal of these colour cells (green or yellow) also can be used in the interpolation of black and white image, but the utilization of colour cell not necessarily.The black and white image that is calculated by numerous neutral cells can reach high-resolution.
(3) working method of colour cell is as color camera, and the part that is occupied by neutral cells also can calculate coloured image by colour cell by interpolation method.Resulting black and white image contains image information more accurately in the back, thus also can be used for the estimation of coloured image, but dispensable.
(4) the resulting coloured image of step (3) is transformed to some illumination-chrominance spaces (as Lab or HSB) and become another intermediate object program.Illumination-degree space is relative and RGB, CMY, and color is represented with a luminance component and two chromatic components in three primary colors spaces such as XYZ.
(5) luminance component of the resulting intermediate result image of step (4) (as the L component among the Lab, or the B component among the HSB) is replaced with the resulting black and white image of (2) step, and obtain new coloured image.
Resolution at the resulting coloured image of step (3) will be lower, but will be higher in the resolution of the resulting black and white image of step (2).Through after the reconfiguring illumination-chrominance space in, because people's vision system is insensitive to the colourity error, finally the quality of output image still can be quite high.As required, image transform can be exported to needed chrominance space again.
The color imaging method that the present invention relates to is based on and the present identical hardware system of digital image-forming equipment, promptly comprises color filter array, monolithic image transducer, and process computer.And core of the present invention is a kind of new color filter array that contains neutral cells and corresponding a kind of digital processing method.
The present invention has the following advantages:
The one, high-resolution be because the neutral cells of having arranged to occupy the majority in the array is gathered illuminance information, and illuminance information is the most important factor of decision image resolution ratio.This arrangement meets the characteristics of people's vision system, limited sample frequency has been distributed to morely the illumination passage of decision image resolution ratio.Needed illumination sample rate can realize by the quantity of arranging neutral cells at an easy rate.Although the sample rate to chrominance information is low because visually colourity is less to the contribution of spatial resolution, so and the final effect of illuminance information after synthetic be better than the image that uses existing filter array to take.Its reason is similar to the principle of jpeg image compress technique, and the JPEG compress technique adopts distortion big to the colourity composition, and compression ratio is big, and the brightness composition adopts distortion little, the strategy that compression ratio is little.
The 2nd, the luminous sensitivity height is even also can obtain satisfied image under the darker situation of light.This is that light transmission rate can be much higher than the pseudo-colour filtering unit, even transparent fully because neutral cells does not have selectivity to spectrum.Under the faint situation of illumination, still can guarantee most important composition to image--the collection of illumination reaches high signal to noise ratio.Usually the luminous sensitivity of color digital camera is more much lower than the black and white camera that uses same imageing sensor, and this is because color filter array is very big to the decay of luminous energy.
The 3rd, chromatic distortion is little, because colour cell converges to sub-district rather than even the distribution greatly reduce the chromatic distortion that low sampling rate may bring one by one.
The present invention is specially adapted to make the digital camera and the Digital Video of ISO, especially be suitable for the digital camera that some are not easy to be equipped with powerful photoflash lamp, as the camera on the mobile phone, it also is suitable for making the dual-purpose video camera of colour/black and white of monitoring usefulness in addition.Even under the very low situation of illumination, still can obtain low noise image.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is existing Bayer color filter array Pareto diagram.
Fig. 2 is based on color filter array Pareto diagrams more of the present invention (being not whole).
Fig. 2 a is that each pseudo-colour filtering sub-district comprises red green blue tricolor and green totally 4 unit, pseudo-colour filtering sub-districts follow the column direction schematic diagram of 4 unit repeated arrangement at interval respectively.Neutral illumination unit accounts for 75%.
Fig. 2 b is developed by Fig. 2 a, and it is two capable to stagger downwards in the even column sub-district.
Fig. 2 c is that each pseudo-colour filtering sub-district comprises red green blue tricolor totally 3 unit, and the pseudo-colour filtering sub-district follows the column direction schematic diagram of 3 the unit repeated arrangement in interval respectively.Its neutral illumination unit accounts for 67%.
Fig. 2 d: develop the even column sub-district delegation of staggering by Fig. 2 c downwards.
Fig. 2 e: each pseudo-colour filtering sub-district comprises red green blue tricolor totally 3 unit, and the pseudo-colour filtering sub-district follows column direction 6 unit repeated arrangement in interval respectively.Its neutral illumination unit accounts for 92%.
Fig. 2 f: arrangement mode is with similar by Fig. 2 a, and just each pseudo-colour filtering sub-district comprises the blue or green yellow three primary colors of product and green totally 4 unit.Neutral illumination unit accounts for 75%.
Fig. 2 g: arrangement mode is with similar by Fig. 2 c, and just each pseudo-colour filtering sub-district comprises the yellow three primary colors of blue or green product totally 3 unit.Neutral illumination unit accounts for 67%.
Fig. 2 h is that each pseudo-colour filtering sub-district comprises red green blue tricolor and green totally 4 unit, and the pseudo-colour filtering sub-district follows the column direction schematic diagram of 3 unit repeated arrangement at interval respectively.Its neutral illumination unit accounts for 56%.
Fig. 3 is the technical step schematic diagram of colorful digital imaging of the present invention.See narration in the summary of the invention about the explanation of each step of marking among the figure.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of explaining that embodiment one is used.
Fig. 4 a is the schematic diagram that is calculated black and white image by neutral cells.
Fig. 4 b is the schematic diagram that is calculated coloured image by colour cell.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of explaining that embodiment two is used.
Fig. 5 a is the schematic diagram that is calculated black and white image by neutral cells.
Fig. 5 b is the schematic diagram that is calculated coloured image by colour cell.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of explaining that embodiment three is used.
Embodiment
Embodiment one: referring to Fig. 2 a and Fig. 4, this array comprises 75% neutral illumination unit and 25% pseudo-colour filtering unit, and each pseudo-colour filtering sub-district comprises blue (B) three primary colors of red (R) green (G) and green, and totally 4 unit, pseudo-colour filtering sub-districts follow column direction 4 unit repeated arrangement at interval respectively.
At first calculate black and white image according to neutral cells.Shown in Fig. 4 a, L11...L44 etc. are neutral cells, and the illumination at these places, unit is that direct detection arrives, X1, and X2, X3 and X4 are the pixel that colour cell occupies, the illumination at these places, unit needs to estimate according to unit on every side.Use simple linear interpolation method, computing formula is as follows:
X1＝(L21+(L24-L21)/3+L12+(L42-L12)/3)/2
X2＝(L21+(L24-L21)*2/3+L13+(L43-L13)/3)/2
X3＝(L31+(L34-L31)/3+L12+(L42-L12)*2/3)/2
X4＝(L31+(L34-L31)*2/3+L13+(L43-L13)*2/3)/2
Calculate coloured image (intermediate object program) according to colour cell then.Shown in Fig. 4 b, neutral cells is omitted and the pseudo-colour filtering sub-district is spliced into common Bayer array format (referring to Fig. 1), use existing various interpolation algorithms (being called " colour reconstruction method of colour filter array in the digital camera " number of patent application as name is 02116750.8 Chinese invention patent ublic specification of application) to calculate coloured image then.Again coloured image is amplified to big or small consistent with black and white image.
At this moment resulting coloured image intermediate object program is by the redgreenblue value representation.It is transformed to Lab (or HSB) space, then the luminance component after the conversion (the L component among the Lab, or the B component among the HSB) is replaced with the resultant black and white image in front, to obtain new coloured image.
Embodiment two: referring to Fig. 2 e and Fig. 5, this array comprises 92% neutral illumination unit and 8% pseudo-colour filtering unit, each pseudo-colour filtering sub-district comprises blue (B) three primary colors of red (R) green (G), and the pseudo-colour filtering sub-district follows column direction 6 unit repeated arrangement in interval respectively;
At first calculate black and white image according to neutral cells.Shown in Fig. 5 a, L11...L44 etc. are neutral cells, and the illumination at these places, unit is that direct detection arrives, and X1, X2 and X3 are the pixel that colour cell occupies, and the illumination at these places, unit needs to estimate according to unit on every side.Use simple linear interpolation method, computing formula is as follows:
X1＝(L21+(L24-L21)/3+L12+(L42-L12)/3)/2
X2＝(L21+(L24-L21)*2/3+L13+(L33-L13)/2)/2
X3＝(L31+(L33-L31)/2+L12+(L42-L12)*2/3)/2
Calculate coloured image (intermediate object program) according to colour cell then.Shown in Fig. 5 b, the sampled value of three colour cells in the filtering sub-district is directly regarded three color components of a pixel.Like this, a pseudo-colour filtering sub-district will produce an image pixel, these pixels are arranged in a width of cloth chromatic image, and the wide and height of the coloured image that obtains have only crude sampling image sixth.Amplify through simple image, coloured image can be amplified to big or small consistent with black and white image.
At this moment resulting coloured image intermediate object program is by the redgreenblue value representation.It is transformed to Lab (or HSB) space, then the luminance component after the conversion (the L component among the Lab, or the B component among the HSB) is replaced with the resultant black and white image in front, to obtain new coloured image.
Embodiment three: referring to Fig. 2 f and Fig. 6, this array comprises 75% neutral illumination unit and 25% pseudo-colour filtering unit, and each pseudo-colour filtering sub-district comprises yellow (Y) three primary colors of green grass or young crops (C) product (M) and a green (G), and totally 4 unit, pseudo-colour filtering sub-districts follow column direction 4 unit repeated arrangement at interval respectively.
At first calculate black and white image, identical among method and the embodiment one according to neutral cells.
Calculate coloured image (intermediate object program) according to colour cell then.As shown in Figure 6, neutral cells is omitted and the pseudo-colour filtering sub-district is spliced into as the CMYG array among the Canon PowerShot G1, can use simple linear interpolation algorithm to calculate yellowish green four values of green grass or young crops product at each place, unit then.For obtaining the image in RGB space, yellowish green four values of green grass or young crops product need be formed one 4 * 1 vector, multiply each other with one 3 * 4 transformation matrix then.This transformation matrix may be different because of different camera, are the matrix of the Canon PowerShot G1 camera of trying to achieve by experiment below.
-3.0392 0.83419 0.26809 1.7322
-0.56315 -1.0344 1.0755 0.49573
-1.414 0.19671 1.645 -0.36067
At this moment resulting coloured image intermediate object program is by the redgreenblue value representation.It is transformed to Lab (or HSB) space, then the luminance component after the conversion (the L component among the Lab, or the B component among the HSB) is replaced with the resultant black and white image in front, to obtain new coloured image.
According to arrangement mode provided by the invention, adopt RGB or the yellow three primary colors of blue or green product direct derivation to go out a plurality of embodiment, as based on the filter array that contains 56% neutral cells shown in Fig. 2 h etc., do not enumerate one by one.The concrete technology of calculating black and white image and intermediate object program coloured image among the above embodiment does not belong to innovation part of the present invention, and core of the present invention is: the color filter array that neutral cells occupies the majority, and in illumination-chrominance space method that black and white image and intermediate object program coloured image is synthetic.
Claims (3)
1. the color filter array that is used for digital imagery comprises a plurality of neutral illumination unit and a plurality of pseudo-colour filterings unit, and it is characterized in that: neutral illumination unit is in the great majority, greater than 55%, can be in the special applications up to 92%, and the pseudo-colour filtering unit occupies the minority; The pseudo-colour filtering sub-district that the pseudo-colour filtering unit cell arrangement becomes to follow, column direction repeats is contained three three primary colors colour cells at least in each pseudo-colour filtering sub-district, turquoise with primary colors red or blue or green respectively product are yellow corresponding.
2. the color filter array that is used for digital imagery according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the pseudo-colour filtering sub-district be expert at and column direction on 3 at every interval or more multiple unit repeat, the repeated arrangement of pseudo-colour filtering sub-district is a grid configuration or for alternative form; Each pseudo-colour filtering sub-district is formed by three three primary colors colour cells or by three original color unit of three three primary colors colour cells and a repetition.
3. the formation method that is used for the color filter array of digital imagery as claimed in claim 1, its step is as follows:
(1) determined most unit in the imageing sensor to be used to survey the illumination of incident image by the color filter array among the present invention, and remaining fewer cells is used to survey RGB or the yellow three primary colors of blue or green product, and the signal of transducer is handled by computer after digitlization;
(2) working method of neutral cells is as grayscale camera, forms complete black and white image and can be estimated by interpolation method by the occupied part of colour cell;
(3) working method of colour cell is as color camera, and the part that is occupied by neutral cells also can calculate coloured image by colour cell by interpolation method;
(4) the resulting coloured image of step (3) being transformed to some illumination-chrominance spaces becomes another intermediate object program, as Lab or HSB.Illumination-Du space is relative and RGB, and color is represented with a luminance component and two chromatic components in three primary colors spaces such as XYZ;
(5) luminance component of the resulting intermediate result image of step (4) (as the L component among the Lab, or the B component among the HSB) is replaced with the resulting black and white image of (2) step, and obtain new coloured image.
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| CN104581100A (en) * | 2015-02-12 | 2015-04-29 | 张李静 | Color filter array and image processing method |
| WO2018082165A1 (en) * | 2016-11-03 | 2018-05-11 | 华为技术有限公司 | Optical imaging method and apparatus |
| CN108513112A (en) * | 2018-03-27 | 2018-09-07 | 宁波舜宇光电信息有限公司 | Color filter array and image processing method |
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| US5805217A (en) * | 1996-06-14 | 1998-09-08 | Iterated Systems, Inc. | Method and system for interpolating missing picture elements in a single color component array obtained from a single color sensor |
| JP3771054B2 (en) * | 1998-07-01 | 2006-04-26 | 株式会社リコー | Image processing apparatus and image processing method |
| US6476865B1 (en) * | 2001-03-07 | 2002-11-05 | Eastman Kodak Company | Sparsely sampled image sensing device with color and luminance photosites |
| CN1561112A (en) * | 2004-03-11 | 2005-01-05 | 博立码杰通讯(深圳)有限公司 | Colour photosensitive device and its manufacturing method |
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| CN104581100A (en) * | 2015-02-12 | 2015-04-29 | 张李静 | Color filter array and image processing method |
| CN109906599A (en) * | 2016-10-28 | 2019-06-18 | 华为技术有限公司 | A kind of photographic method and terminal of terminal |
| CN109906599B (en) * | 2016-10-28 | 2020-09-18 | 华为技术有限公司 | Terminal photographing method and terminal |
| US10827107B2 (en) | 2016-10-28 | 2020-11-03 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Photographing method for terminal and terminal |
| WO2018082165A1 (en) * | 2016-11-03 | 2018-05-11 | 华为技术有限公司 | Optical imaging method and apparatus |
| CN108605097A (en) * | 2016-11-03 | 2018-09-28 | 华为技术有限公司 | Optical imaging method and its device |
| CN108605097B (en) * | 2016-11-03 | 2020-09-08 | 华为技术有限公司 | Optical imaging method and device |
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| CN108513112A (en) * | 2018-03-27 | 2018-09-07 | 宁波舜宇光电信息有限公司 | Color filter array and image processing method |
| CN108513112B (en) * | 2018-03-27 | 2020-12-08 | 宁波舜宇光电信息有限公司 | Image processing method based on color filter array |
| CN112019778A (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2020-12-01 | 南京理工大学 | True color night vision imaging method based on Bayer sparse array CMOS |
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