CN101146033B - A method for improving radio Ad hoc performance based on layer-spanning collaborative mechanism - Google Patents
A method for improving radio Ad hoc performance based on layer-spanning collaborative mechanism Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A method for improving wireless self-organized network performance is provided by utilizing the VDSR++ cross-layer optimized technology, relating to the wireless communication technology. The method combines with a cross layer optimized protocol VDSR++ optimization strategy of a MAC layer, a network layer and a transmission layer, exerts a cross-layer mechanism DSR++ on a 802.11MAC layer and an IPlayer, solves the problem of route discovery and rebuilding caused by network congestion in the wireless self-organized network; the transmission layer adopts a TCP Veno protocol to solve the problemof route discovery and rebuilding caused by high error rate in the wireless self-organized network. The utility model can improve the TCP performance in the wireless self-organized network. The method is applicable to a static wireless self-organized network SANET and a dynamic wireless self-organized network MANET.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to wireless communication technology field, relate in particular to a kind of technology that improves wireless self-organizing network performance.
Background technology
In wireless self-organization network, on-demand routing protocol (for example: DSR and AODV etc.) is with the most use, also is the most frequently used Routing Protocol.On-demand routing protocol is in the establishment of connection stage, sets up according to the demand that connects.On-demand routing protocol is by detecting maintenance and the reconstruction that judges whether to carry out route to the packet loss of MAC layer; That is to say that in case Routing Protocol has been found MAC layer packet loss, it will trigger the discovery and the reconstruction of route.On-demand routing protocol in the wireless ad hoc network is very high to the packet loss susceptibility of 802.11MAC layer.By a large amount of tests, in case we find that the packet loss of MAC layer (physical layer) is found in 802.11 networks, the on-demand routing protocol of ad hoc will trigger the discovery and the reconstruction of route.But this Routing Protocol but can not be distinguished the MAC packet loss that is caused by which kind of factor, and takes different processing methods at different packet losses.So, there is packet loss to take place as long as find the MAC layer, on-demand routing protocol will carry out the discovery and the reconstruction of route, causes the TCP in the wireless ad hoc network to enter unnecessary retransmission and start slowly, greatly reduces the performance of TCP in the wireless network.This mainly is that it does not have enough abilities to distinguish and handle the packet loss that is caused by different reasons because 802.11MAC is the intermediate layer between route layer and the low layer.
Simultaneously, the windowing mechanism of traditional Transmission Control Protocol (as TCP Reno) also can cause very big influence to 802.11 wireless ad hoc network.TCP transmission control layer agreement can as much as possiblely send data (data transmission rate that just can be known TCP by congestion window value cwnd is to increase always) and take place congested up to network in order to improve the throughput performance of self in network.So when we are used in the windowing mechanism of traditional TCP in the wireless ad hoc network, TCP can send packet as much as possible in network, but because the capacity of wireless network links is lower, so congested usually is to occur in the Radio Link rather than in the formation, cause the competition packet loss of link, trigger route discovery and re-establishment mechanism.When TCP has sent too much packet and after having surpassed a limiting value, will cause the competition packet loss of MAC layer in network, rather than the formation packet loss of node; Also will cause the on-demand routing protocol in 802.11 networks to trigger unnecessary route reconstruction, thereby cause the decreased performance of TCP.
In order to solve under the wireless self-organizing network environment unnecessary route discovery and the re-establishment mechanism that causes owing to network congestion and high bit-error packet loss, we adopt the solution of a kind of new cross-layer optimizing strategy VDSR++ in wireless self-organization network.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the above-mentioned defective of prior art, propose a kind ofly can distinguish the Routing Protocol that causes MAC layer packet loss factor, thereby take the cross-layer optimizing strategy VDSR++ of different disposal method at the different factors that cause packet loss, overcome because of network congestion and high bit-error and cause unnecessary route discovery and reconstruction.
The technical scheme that the present invention addresses the above problem is: the DSR++ cross-layer mechanism is combined with TCP Veno agreement, propose a kind of cross-layer optimizing agreement VDSR++ that combines MAC layer, network layer and transport layer, solve the unnecessary route discovery and the re-establishment mechanism problem that cause because of network congestion and high bit-error in the wireless self-organization network.In wireless self-organization network, at first the parameter information with the 802.11MAC layer is delivered to network IP layer, strides a layer coordination mechanism DSR++ at 802.11MAC layer and the utilization of IP layer, solves the route discovery and the reconstruction that cause because of network congestion in the wireless self-organization network; Adopt the TCP Veno agreement that can more adapt to the wireless transmission environment in transport layer then, solve the high bit-error problem in the wireless self-organization network.
Cross-layer optimizing agreement VDSR++ specific implementation process comprises, respond the number of the continuous packet loss of 802.11MAC layer or the threshold value beta that the continuous number of times of failing of response link is determined an on-demand routing protocol according to DSR on-demand routing protocol in the network IP layer, processor controls sends detectable signal to network, the detecting module that is positioned at network layer receives the function and the message of 802.11MAC layer feedback, judge whether that according to maximum retransmission continuous packet loss takes place, and record link (link opens circuit) number of times L that fails continuously, comparison module calls L in the memory and the value of β, compare its size, relation according to L and β, determine that link connects residing state, to solve the route layer because high and trigger unnecessary route discovery and reconstruction to the susceptibility of 802.11MAC layer packet loss.
Adopt the congestion window value of the window adjustment algorithm adjustment congestion avoidance phase of TCP Veno, judge that according to message backlog length link connects the residing stage and takes different processing modes in different phase, if the packet loss at random that causes by link, do not start the discovery and the reconstruction of route, if packet loss is because network congestion causes, reduce gathering way of window, make TCP Veno be in bigger window number state for more time, improved data transmission efficiency and network throughput.
The present invention mainly cooperates in conjunction with the layer of striding of 802.11MAC layer, network IP layer and transport layer, propose a kind of can the differentiation and cause MAC layer packet loss factor, thereby take the Routing Protocol of different processing methods at different packet loss types, solve the unnecessary route discovery and the re-establishment mechanism problem that cause because of network congestion and high bit-error in the wireless self-organization network, improved the transmission performance of wireless self-organization network in wireless high bit-error environment well.
Description of drawings
Figure 1 shows that cross-layer mechanism DSR++ control and treatment flow chart of the present invention
Fig. 2 congestion avoidance phase window adjustment algorithm schematic diagram
Embodiment
In wireless self-organization network, adopt in the TCP connection of on-demand routing protocol DSR, in case having found MAC layer packet loss, on-demand routing protocol will trigger the newly-built mechanism of route (promptly too responsive) to the packet loss reaction at once; Because the congestion packet loss of network and the high bit-error packet loss of channel make that the too high DSR Routing Protocol of MAC layer packet loss susceptibility is produced unnecessary route to be rebuild.Can waste Internet resources (Internet resources are spent and carry out unnecessary route maintenance and reconstruction greatly) so greatly, cause the decreased performance of TCP network.
In order to reduce the susceptibility of DSR Routing Protocol, thereby reduce the number of times of route discovery and reconstruction to MAC layer packet loss.The present invention utilizes the interlayer coordination of a kind of cross-layer mechanism DSR with DAMPEN policy (abbreviating DSR++ as) agreement and 802.11MAC to solve this problem, and it is mutual to carry out parameter between MAC layer 802.11 and the IP layer, reaches a purpose of striding layer cooperation.
At first the specific implementation process to cross-layer mechanism DSR++ is described in detail.Be illustrated in figure 1 as the process flowchart of cross-layer mechanism DSR++.
In the 802.11MAC layer, maximum retransmission RTS/CTS is provided with concealed terminal and the exposed terminal problem that has solved among the wireless ad hoc, default value is 7, its effect is at first to send a detectable signal before data packet transmission whether be used for sounding channel available, retransmit failure continuously at RTS/CTS and illustrate that channel is unavailable after 7 times, so corresponding packet just can not send; Enter route maintenance and phase of regeneration.Only after the RTS/CTS transmission success, just begin to transmit corresponding packet.
In the 802.11MAC layer, add a feedback function and a message, the parameter information of 802.11MAC layer is delivered to network IP layer, at 802.11MAC layer and IP layer utilization cross-layer mechanism DSR++, solve the route discovery and the reconstruction that cause because of network congestion in the wireless self-organization network.
The DSR on-demand routing protocol responds the number of the continuous packet loss of 802.11MAC layer or the threshold value beta that the continuous number of times of failing of response link is determined an on-demand routing protocol in the network IP layer according to being carried in, and this threshold value is deposited in the memory.Processor controls sends detectable signal in network, detecting module judges whether that continuous packet loss takes place, and record link (link opens circuit) number of times L that fails continuously, comparison module compares the size of L and β, relation according to L and β, determine that link connects residing state, have only after the number of times of the continuous failure of link equals β that on-demand routing protocol DSR just can trigger the discovery and the reconstruction of route.
Detecting module is judged according to maximum retransmission in the network, whether losing of packet takes place in the channel, if continuous packet loss takes place, comparison module calls the continuous frequency of failure L of the current link of the record of storing in the memory, and the threshold value beta that is provided with, it is compared judgement, if L＜β, then the packet of current transmission is lost in processor controls control, continuation sends next packet to channel, and current route remains unchanged, and the counter in the processor controls control storage adds one, make and obtain the new continuous frequency of failure L ' of current link by L '=L+1; If L=is β, on-demand routing protocol DSR begins to respond packet loss, and the value of L is set to 0 in the processor controls memory, sets up new route according to the DSR Routing Protocol, triggers necessary route maintenance mechanism.Finish when link connects, processor controls resets to 0 with L.
If the value that threshold value beta is set greater than 1, will be strengthened link-attached robustness to a great extent.Because 802.11 MAC agreement has stipulated that the maximum retransmission standard value of packet is 7, that is to say that packet will be retransmitted 7 times continuously at the MAC layer, if after all not having successfully, just can be considered to this data-bag lost.In case β＞1, so at the MAC layer, packet just can be considered to lose after will being retransmitted 7* β at least, has so just reduced the susceptibility of DSR Routing Protocol response MAC packet loss to a great extent, greatly reduces the unnecessary route discovery and the probability of reconstruction.
Adopt DSR++ to stride that layer cooperation can solve the route layer preferably because and unnecessary route discovery and reconstruction that trigger high to the susceptibility of 802.11MAC layer packet loss; But also have the competition packet loss (packet loss of link) of the MAC layer that causes because of the windowing mechanism of TCP layer in the conventional at present processing mode, also frequently trigger route discovery and re-establishment mechanism, the present invention adopts the congested improvement algorithm of TCP Veno agreement.Determine congestion window value according to the message number that overstocks in the formation.
The present invention adopts the window adjustment algorithm of TCP Veno to adjust the congestion window value of congestion avoidance phase, connects the residing stage according to link and takes different processing modes, at first judges it is the packet loss that is caused by link, still by the congested packet loss that causes.Indicate current connection whether to be in the congested stage according to message backlog length N value.Set a threshold value, relatively discrimination module is by being connected residing state to relatively distinguishing of message backlog length N and threshold value is current, if N＜β, then think to connect and be in non-congestion state, the packet loss that takes place this moment is the packet loss at random that causes owing to link, rather than owing to network congestion causes.When N 〉=β, think to connect the congested stage that is in that this moment, packet loss was because network congestion produces.When connection is in congested stage, reduce gathering way of window.Make TCP Veno be in bigger window number state for more time, improved data transmission efficiency and network throughput.
Be illustrated in figure 2 as congestion avoidance phase window adjustment algorithm schematic diagram.Relatively judge module compares message number N and the threshold value that overstocks in the data transmission queue, after the message number that overstocks in the formation surpasses threshold value, judge that link is in congestion state, call algoritic module, the congestion window that adopts improved congestion avoidance algorithm to calculate transmitting terminal is counted cwnd, for example, receive two new requests affirmation ack signals when whenever, cwnd value number increases by 1, slows down gathering way of window with this, but makes window be in operating state for more time.The message number that overstocks in formation surpasses threshold value, and when network was in non-congestion state, the congestion window that adopts addition to increase the algorithm computation transmitting terminal was counted cwnd; Whenever receive a new ACK confirmation signal, cwnd value number increases by 1.Compared with the processing method that increases a congestion window in each RTT of traditional TCP, the present invention has reduced the speed that window increases, and has also just reduced the degree and the probability of link congestion, has correspondingly reduced packet loss of link.Also can set up request affirmation ack signal and congestion window and count other corresponding relations, change gathering way of window.
Though cause the factor difference of MAC layer packet loss,, reached the purpose that reduces the network layer susceptibility by the feedback of information between network layer and the MAC layer.Employing combines the cross-layer optimizing agreement VDSR++ of MAC layer, network layer and transport layer, can distinguish the MAC layer packet loss that different factors cause and take corresponding congestion control policy, has avoided unnecessary route discovery and reconstruction.The present invention utilizes the DSR++ cross-layer mechanism to combine with TCP Veno agreement in wireless self-organization network, the unnecessary route discovery and the reconstruction problem that cause because of two kinds of different problems of network congestion and high bit-error have been solved simultaneously, improve the throughput of network, reached the purpose that improves network performance.
Wireless self-organization network with the grid topological structure is an example below, specifies adopting the present invention to improve wireless self-organizing network performance.
If threshold value beta=2 of on-demand routing protocol are set, show to use and stride layer protocol DSR++ algorithm; β=1 shows traditional DSR algorithm of use; β=0 shows the use static routing protocol; VDSR++ represents the cross-layer optimizing protocol algorithm that DSR++ combines with TCP Veno; The error rate of link all is the error rate of the radio physical layer of radio node.
Be provided with 49 radio nodes altogether, be arranged in and uniformly-spaced become a square profile uniformly, in simulated environment, the queue length of each node is 10, and congestion window (cwnd) and advertised window (wnd) are 12, the packet size is 1024 bytes, the communication range of node is 250m, and the carrier wave sensing range is 550m, equal 200m at interval between per two nodes, the equal transfixion of each node is set up a FTP data flow between two nodes therein.Adopt the NS2 emulation tool, simulation result shows that under the different error rate situations performance of the VDSR++ not only TCP Reno than traditional is good, and better than using DSR++ and TCP Veno separately.In conjunction with unnecessary route discovery and the re-establishment mechanism problem that the VDSR++ cross-layer optimization algorithm of DSR++ and TCP Veno causes because of network congestion and high bit-error in solving wireless self-organization network, the aspect of performance of TCP is reasonable in the raising wireless self-organization network.This method is applicable among static wireless self-organization network SANET and the dynamic wireless self-organization network MANET.
Claims (3)
1. one kind is improved the method for wireless self-organizing network performance based on striding layer coordination mechanism, it is characterized in that, network layer according to the number of the continuous packet loss of cross-layer mechanism DSR++ response 802.11MAC layer or response link continuously the number of times of failure determine threshold value beta; Detecting module receives the function and the message of 802.11MAC layer feedback, judges whether that according to maximum retransmission continuous packet loss takes place, and the number of times L of the continuous failure of record link; Comparison module is according to the relation of L and β, if L＜β, current route remains unchanged, and the L value in the processor controls control storage adds one; If L=is β, on-demand routing protocol response packet loss, the value of L is set to 0 in the processor controls memory, triggers route discovery and re-establishment mechanism; In transport layer utilization TCP Veno agreement, judge the reason of packet loss according to message backlog length, if the packet loss at random that is caused by link does not start the discovery and the reconstruction of route, if the packet loss that is caused by network congestion reduces gathering way of congestion window.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, maximum retransmission is determined according to the 802.11MAC agreement.
3. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the message number that overstocks in formation surpasses threshold value, and link is in congestion state, whenever receives two new request confirmation signals, and the congestion window number increases by 1; The message number that overstocks in formation does not surpass threshold value, is the packet loss at random that is caused by link, whenever receives a new affirmation signal, and the congestion window number increases by 1.
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| CN101651658B (en) * | 2008-08-13 | 2012-01-11 | 中国移动通信集团公司 | Method, device and system for cross-layer joint optimization in wireless Mesh network |
| CN102104889B (en) * | 2011-03-22 | 2013-09-04 | 北京邮电大学 | Cross-layer optimization system and method based on impedance matching |
| CN102215535B (en) * | 2011-06-01 | 2013-10-30 | 北京交通大学 | Key information insurance method for WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) |
| CN103200572B (en) * | 2012-01-04 | 2018-06-19 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | A kind of cross-layer cooperation method and system of cognition wireless network |
| CN102781064B (en) * | 2012-05-22 | 2014-08-06 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Method for improving AODV (Ad hoc on-demand distance vector routing) protocol against wireless Ad hoc network |
| CN104322017B (en) * | 2012-12-27 | 2017-04-26 | 华为技术有限公司 | Method, device, and system for identifying network packet loss type |
| CN104735743B (en) * | 2015-03-18 | 2018-02-16 | 无锡士康通讯技术有限公司 | The routing optimization method of embedded radio self-organizing network |
| CN105072637A (en) * | 2015-07-02 | 2015-11-18 | 山东航天电子技术研究所 | Transmission layer high-efficiency communication method facing time-varying wireless channel |
| CN106488502B (en) * | 2016-09-29 | 2020-01-17 | 杭州鸿雁智能科技有限公司 | Method for improving network service quality suitable for wireless sensor network |
| CN108092887A (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-05-29 | 中国科学院上海微系统与信息技术研究所 | A kind of DSR improves the implementation method of Routing Protocol |
| CN112702274B (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2022-08-19 | 重庆邮电大学 | Cross-layer congestion control method based on routing stability in tactical targeting network technology |
| CN112822720B (en) * | 2021-01-20 | 2023-10-20 | 湖北华中电力科技开发有限责任公司 | Cross-layer congestion control method based on MAC layer link quality in unmanned aerial vehicle networking technology |
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