CN101144409B - System and method for reducing NOx emissions - Google Patents
System and method for reducing NOx emissions Download PDFInfo
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- CN101144409B CN101144409B CN2007101422744A CN200710142274A CN101144409B CN 101144409 B CN101144409 B CN 101144409B CN 2007101422744 A CN2007101422744 A CN 2007101422744A CN 200710142274 A CN200710142274 A CN 200710142274A CN 101144409 B CN101144409 B CN 101144409B
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- emission control
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- nox
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Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 17
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 45
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- CKFGINPQOCXMAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanediol Chemical compound OCO CKFGINPQOCXMAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 claims 8
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 6
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims 4
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002594 sorbent Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 30
- QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium oxide Chemical compound [Ba]=O QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 20
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 12
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 8
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000002779 inactivation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910018967 Pt—Rh Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 4
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- -1 barium oxide (BaO) compound Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M (3-methylphenyl)methyl-triphenylphosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC1=CC=CC(C[P+](C=2C=CC=CC=2)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000287680 Garcinia dulcis Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000005355 Hall effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001339 alkali metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001341 alkaline earth metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000287 alkaline earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000003850 cellular structure Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/206—Adding periodically or continuously substances to exhaust gases for promoting purification, e.g. catalytic material in liquid form, NOx reducing agents
-
- B01J35/19—
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
- F01N13/0093—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are of the same type
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0814—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with catalytic converters, e.g. NOx absorption/storage reduction catalysts
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
- F01N2240/25—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an ammonia generator
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Abstract
An exhaust system, comprising of a first emission control system in the exhaust system, the emission control system having a at least a first region and a second region, the second region physically segregated from the first region and at least partially downstream of the first region, the first region including a precious metal component dispersed on a metal oxide support that stores NOx and the second region including a precious metal component and a NOx sorbent component dispersed on a metal oxide support, wherein the second region includes more of the NOx sorbent component than the first region; and a second emission control system including an SCR catalyst coupled downstream of the first emission control system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Automotive Emission Control System and method.
Background technique
Adsorb NO by selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalytic converter that uses the downstream
xCatcher is at the ammonia (NH of rich mixture operation period generation
3), with reduction weak mixture operation period not by NO
xAny NO that catcher captures
x, discharge treating system can optimization nitrogen oxide (NO
x) reduction of discharging.For this, has high NH
3The NO that produces
xCatcher can advantageously make up to reduce NO with the SCR catalytic converter
xDischarging.In addition, low temperature NO
xThe development of emission-reducing system is very attractive concerning emission control, particularly to the light diesel automobile.From NO
xEnough NH of catcher
3Generation is of value to the SCR catalytic converter that saves downstream and supplies with the required reservoir of reducing agent.
In No. 2005/0129601, the U.S. Patent application a kind of NO at the SCR upstream of catalytic converter has been described
xIn the catcher with NO
xBe converted into NH
3Method.In the reference paper of ' 601, NO
xThe catcher combination is dispersed in the NO on the carrier
xSorbent and platinum group metal (PGM).NO
xSorbent is alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal oxide compound.PGM can rich mixture operation period optionally with the NO of storage
xBe converted into NH
3, and NO
xAbsorbent component can capture NO effectively in weak mixture operation period
xSpecifically, in one example, use at top layer to have still less NO than bottom
xThe double-deck carrier of sorbent material.Alternatively, NO
xCatcher can include the oxygen storage components (OSC) that benefits such as improving desulfurization, and such as cerium dioxide, but OSC can limit NH
3Produce.
Yet the inventor recognizes at this, NO
xSorbent can make the PGM inactivation, thereby reduces the NO under the low temperature
xTransform.In addition, the inventor also recognizes at this, comprises the NO of OSC
xCatcher can provide low temperature NO
xReduce discharging, yet OSC can limit NH in very wide automobile operating temperature range
3Produce.Therefore, if use OSC, then ' method of 601 reference papers can be improved low temperature NO
xTransform, but can cause NH in the operating temperature of wide range
3Generation is not enough to the NO for optimum
xTransform.
U. S. Patent 6,182 has been described another kind of realization low temperature NO in No. 443
xThe method that reduces discharging.Wherein, the catalyzer that is comprised of the PGM that is dispersed on the carrier that comprises aluminium oxide is positioned at SCR catalyzer upstream, and this antigravity system is worked under the rare exhaust conditions without any the rich mixture operation.At low temperatures, PGM helps NO
xOxidation is also stored as aluminum nitrate.Along with temperature raises, this nitrate decomposes back NO
x, NO
xAdding NH by downstream SCR
3Or be reduced to N under the condition of hydrocarbon reducing agent
2
Yet the inventor recognizes at this, for the antigravity system of ' 433 reference paper, because the NO of SCR catalyzer upstream
xStorage catalyst does not provide NO
xSo reduction is NO
xTransformation efficiency can all provide NO than two kinds of catalyzer
xLow during reduction.In addition, the inventor recognizes also that at this lower if the PGM/ aluminium oxide catalyst of upstream is exposed to the rich mixture operation, this is to be different from the operation of describing in ' 433 reference papers, then the NO of its storage
xCan be reduced to NH
3, but this is limited under low-temperature operation and occurs.Therefore, the method for ' 433 reference papers and catalyst arrangement are not enough to provide optimized whole NO
xTransform.
Summary of the invention
In one approach, the problems referred to above can solve by a kind of vent systems, this vent systems comprises: the first emission control systems in the vent systems and the second emission control systems, described the first emission control systems has first area and second area at least, described second area is physically with the first area isolation and be positioned at least in part the downstream, first area, and described first area comprises being dispersed in stores NO
xMetal oxide carrier on noble metal component, and described second area comprises noble metal component and the NO that is dispersed on the metal oxide carrier
xAbsorbent component, wherein said second area are compared with described first area and are comprised more described NO
xAbsorbent component, described the second emission control systems comprises the SCR catalyzer that is connected to described the first emission control systems downstream.In this way, can be advantageously comprise low temperature than large-temperature range in realize NO
xStorage and ammonia produce, thereby improve NO
xReduce discharging.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic representation of the example embodiment of motor.
Fig. 2 illustrates NO
xCatcher/NH
3The block diagram of the example combination of-SCR discharge treating system.
Fig. 3 is from NO
xThe example chart of the data that catcher obtains, the component of cerium dioxide shown in it in temperature range to NO
xTo NH
3The effect that produces of selective conversion.
Fig. 4 is from NO
xThe effect that the example chart of the data that catcher obtains, the component of cerium dioxide shown in it produce overall conversion in temperature range.
Fig. 5 is from NO
xThe example chart of the data that catcher obtains, NO shown in it
xThe effect that absorbent component produces overall conversion in temperature range.
Fig. 6 A-6B be by with reference to figure 2 described emission control systems in rich mixture operation (Fig. 6 A) and weak mixture operation (Fig. 6 B) processing from the flow chart of the exemplary method of the exhaust of explosive motor.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 is the schematic representation that a cylinder of the multicylinder engine 10 that can be included in the vehicle propulsion system is shown.Motor 10 is at least in part by the control system that comprises controller 12 and through the input control of input device 130 from automobile operator 132.In this example, input device 130 comprises that accelerator pedal reaches the pedal position sensor 134 for generation of proportional pedal position signal PP.The firing chamber of motor 10 (such as, cylinder) 30 comprises chamber wall 32, and piston 36 is positioned at wherein.Piston 36 is connected to bent axle 40, is converted to rotatablely moving of bent axle with the to-and-fro motion with piston.Bent axle 40 is connected at least one driving wheel of passenger vehicle by transmission system.In addition, starting motor can be connected to bent axle 40 by flywheel, to allow the start-up function of motor 10.
Ignition system 88 can be under the mode of operation of selecting shifts to an earlier date signal SA in response to the spark that comes self-controller 12 30 provides ignition spark by spark plug 92 to the firing chamber.Although Fig. 1 shows spark ignition, in certain embodiments, ignition spark wherein can be used or do not used in the firing chamber 30 of motor 10 or one or more other firing chambers can by the ignition by compression work pattern.For example, motor 10 can be the diesel engine that does not have spark plug.
After-treatment device 70 is arranged along the air outlet flue 48 in exhaust sensor 126 downstreams as shown in the figure, and wherein after-treatment device 70 can be three-way catalyst (TWC), NO
xCatcher, various other emission control systems or its combination, this will be described in further detail in Fig. 2.After-treatment device 70 can be configured to absorption NO when motor 10 is worked with the weak mixture air fuel ratio
xController 12 can be configured to periodically provide dense exhaust stream (for example, spray by carry out additional fuel after compression stroke top dead center, or by realizing with the rich mixture burner), so as with HC and CO at least with the NO that partly adsorbs
xThe NO of storage is removed in reaction from after-treatment device 70
xSelective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalytic converter 74 is configured to adsorb the NH that leaves after-treatment device 70
3SCR catalytic converter 74 is arranged along the air outlet flue 48 in after-treatment device downstream as shown in the figure.
As mentioned above, Fig. 1 only shows a cylinder of multicylinder engine, and each cylinder can comprise himself one group of intake valve/exhaust valve, fuel injector etc. similarly.
Fig. 2 is the example embodiment that comprises the discharge treating system 200 of after-treatment device 70 and SCR catalytic converter 74.Generally speaking, this after-treatment device can be stored NO
xAnd with the NO that stores
xBe reduced to nitrogen (N
2) or NH
3Or both certain combinations, although the NO that part is not stored or transformed
xMay pass through after-treatment device.The SCR catalytic converter basically can be with NH
3Be adsorbed on the catalyzer, wherein the NH of absorption
3Optionally catalytic reduction leaves the NO of after-treatment device
xAlthough not shown in Figure 2, specific filter can be included in device 70 and/or install 74 upstream and/or downstream.
After-treatment device and SCR catalytic converter can be arranged by various configurations.Among the embodiment who describes in this article, the SCR catalytic converter can be arranged in the downstream of after-treatment device.The NH that is produced by after-treatment device like this, under certain conditions
3Can be as the reducing agent in the SCR catalytic converter, be used for the NO that catalytic reduction optionally leaves after-treatment device
x
Get back to Fig. 2, the SCR catalytic converter can help NH
3Absorption and by absorption NH
3Help NO
xReduction.Various catalyzer can correspondingly be suitable for adsorbing NH
3And reductive NO
xFor example, non-noble metal (as, copper, iron) displacement zeolite synthetic or various vanadium base synthetic can be used for forming the SCR catalyzer.The SCR catalyzer can be taked the form of catalyst particles of self-supporting or the honeycomb ceramics that forms as the SCR catalyzer.In addition, the SCR catalyzer can be positioned at such as on the such carrier of pottery or metal honeycomb structure.Various other catalyzer synthetics and form can be positioned on the carrier that is suitable for application described herein.
After-treatment device can help NO
xStorage and the NO of storage
xTo N
2Or NH
3Reduction, or their certain combination.In embodiment as herein described, hope can be with the NO of storage
xBasically be converted into NH
3Thereby, will leave the NH of after-treatment device
3Be adsorbed in the SCR catalytic converter, wherein the NH of absorption
3Can reduce the NO that leaves after-treatment device
x
After-treatment device can comprise the first catalyst area 210 and the second catalyst area 220, and wherein the first catalyst area can be positioned at the upstream of the second catalyst area.These catalyst area can comprise one or more components that are dispersed on the carrier, and wherein catalyst area can be positioned at such as on the such carrier of pottery or metallic honeycomb bodies.
Component and carrier can also comprise one or more elements or compound or their certain combination.For example, noble metal component can comprise Pt element, NO
xAbsorbent component can comprise barium oxide (BaO) compound, and carrier can comprise aluminium oxide (Al
2O
3) compound.
In addition, component and carrier can demonstrate various characteristics under certain conditions.For example, the characteristic of the noble metal component as Pt can be catalyzing N O
xOxidation and storage.NO as BaO
xThe characteristic of absorbent component can be storage NO under high temperature range catalysis
xSuch as Al
2O
3The characteristic of such refractory metal oxide carrier also can be storage NO
x, but under low temperature range catalysis, store NO
xThe another kind of characteristic of the noble metal component as Pt can be the NO in rich mixture operation period catalysis storage
xTo NH
3Preferential conversion.
Therefore, component as herein described and carrier (as, Pt, BaO and Al
2O
3) an example embodiment of catalyst area can comprise for the noble metal component (such as Pt) of the first catalyst area 210 and carrier (such as Al
2O
3) and be used for noble metal component (such as Pt), the NO of the second catalyst area 220
xAbsorbent component (such as BaO) and carrier are (such as Al
2O
3), wherein noble metal component can comprise at least a precious metal element (such as Pt), NO
xAbsorbent component can comprise at least a suitable alkali metal compound or alkaline earth metal compound (such as BaO), and carrier can comprise that at least a suitable refractory metal oxide is (such as Al
2O
3).
The characteristic of catalyst area can be relevant with the component and the characteristic of carrier that are included in wherein.Yet the component in the catalyst area and carrier can carry out alternately, so that the component and the characteristic summation of carrier that are included in wherein are different from independent component and the independent characteristic of carrier in the catalyst area.Particularly, the characteristic that is included in component in the catalyst area and carrier may be included in other components of wherein each kind and weaken.
For example, the first catalyst area that has a noble metal component can not comprise NO
xThe composition of absorbent component (as, this can be to there is no NO
xAbsorbent component, for example noble metal component can be Pt), and demonstrate at low temperatures at Al
2O
3On the carrier to NO
xOxidation and the storage carry out catalysis characteristic.Yet, the NO as BaO
xThe appearance of absorbent component or amount increase can make at least part of inactivation of noble metal component.Therefore, contaminated noble metal component reduces discharging NO at low temperatures
xAbility descend.
For after-treatment device as herein described, catalyst area can comprise such noble metal component and NO
xAbsorbent component, wherein noble metal component is to NO
xThe ratio of absorbent component can be in a catalyst area than physically with another catalyst area of its isolation in higher, the zone that wherein has higher rate can be positioned at the upstream in the zone with low ratio.Similarly, catalyst area can comprise such noble metal component and NO
xAbsorbent component, wherein NO
xThe amount of absorbent component or weight can be in a catalyst area than physically with another catalyst area of its isolation in larger, wherein have relatively large NO
xThe zone of sorbent can be positioned at and have in a small amount (or almost not having) NO
xThe downstream in the zone of sorbent.
In a specific embodiment, distributed components advantageously, so that component is arranged in after-treatment device, thereby noble metal component is to NO
xThe ratio of absorbent component is higher than physically the second catalyst area with its isolation that is arranged in the downstream in the first catalyst area.Like this, comprising the first catalyst area of the precious metal of relative higher percent can be at NO
xConcentration when the highest (as, when the exhaust from motor enters discharge treating system) be exposed under the exhaust.Therefore, next storage also is converted into the NH for the SCR catalytic converter
3NO
xAmount can increase.On the contrary, for various other reasonses, can make each component be arranged in after-treatment device, so that noble metal component is to NO
xThe ratio of absorbent component ratio in the first catalyst area is medium and small in second catalyst area in downstream.
Get back to embodiment shown in Figure 2, the first catalyst area can be isolated with the second catalyst area physically.In one approach, the first catalyst area is positioned at a NO
xIn the emission reduction device, and the second catalyst area is located at the 2nd NO of the separation in downstream
xIn the emission reduction device.In addition, the first catalyst area is isolated with the second catalyst area to some extent, wherein can isolate catalyst area, in order to reduce at least in part or prevent from making a component inactivation in the catalyst area by a component in another catalyst area.For example, the NO as BaO in another catalyst area
xAbsorbent component may make a noble metal component inactivation in the catalyst area, thereby the isolation of suitable degree is provided, to realize improved performance.
Isolated area can make and in all sorts of ways or structure is isolated each catalyst area.For example, isolated area can comprise dividing plate, and its central diaphragm can comprise can isolate the suitable material that catalyst area helps the exhaust stream that is fit to simultaneously at least in part.In another example, isolated area can be the space, and wherein the space of certain distance isolates each catalyst area.In another embodiment of after-treatment device, can dispose catalyst area with the washcoated layer of isolation.In addition, can be with respect to exhaust stream perpendicular or parallel or with various other angle configurations isolated areas.
As described herein, after-treatment device can be stored NO
xAnd with the NO that stores
xBe reduced to N
2Or NH
3In embodiment as herein described, wish NO
xBasically be converted into NH
3, in order in the SCR catalytic converter, adsorb the NH that leaves after-treatment device
3, the NH that wherein adsorbs
3Can reduce the NO that leaves after-treatment device
xOn the contrary, in another approach, NO
xEmission reduction device can comprise catalyst area, and wherein the component of catalyzer can not form relatively a large amount of NH
3, or at least one component of catalyzer can stop NH
3Produce, although also can produce some NH
3For example, some NO
xEmission reduction device can comprise such as cerium dioxide (CeO
2) such oxygen storage components (OSC), wherein CeO
2Component can limit NH
3Formation.Can use CeO for various other reasonses
2Component is as in order to improve low temperature NO
xTransform, and improve the intermittent storage of oxygen.
Fig. 3 illustrates CeO
2Component in temperature range to NO
xTo NH
3The chart 300 of example embodiment of data of the effect that produces of selective conversion.For example, chart 300 illustrates the Pt-BaO-CeO shown in 310
2Pt-BaO catalyst area shown in the catalyst area and 320 is at various temperatures with NO
xBe converted into NH
3Percentage.Should be understood that catalyst area as herein described is (such as, Pt-BaO-CeO
2And Pt-BaO) can be located substantially on the suitable carrier, such as aluminium oxide (Al
2O
3), although may in specification, not mention carrier in order to be absorbed in the performance of various catalyst combination.
Get back to chart 300, with respect to comprising CeO
2The catalyzer of component does not comprise CeO in catalyst area
2Component can be in wider temperature range with the NO of higher percentage
xBe converted into NH
3Therefore, useful is in one or more catalyst area under certain conditions, as the zone 210,220 or both in do not comprise CeO
2Component.Like this, after-treatment device can produce enough NH
3, so that do not comprise liquid urea storage box or ammonia storage vessel in the discharge treating system as herein described.Yet, also can comprise liquid tank if need.
In the Pt-BaO carbon monoxide-olefin polymeric, comprise CeO
2Component can be at a lower temperature at least in part with the NO of higher percent
xBe converted into NH
3Although be converted into NH
3NO
xPercentage may be still not enough concerning low temperature range.Therefore, wish to comprise basically at least a or at least part of CeO that do not comprise
2Component, such as Pt-BaO, in order in wider temperature range, produce larger NH
3Amount, and help in lower temperature range, to produce enough NH
3Another kind of at least component.
Can not transform by various other mechanism and form NH by reaction
3NO
x, or make it not store or transform and just leave after-treatment device.Certain combination through various mechanism or these mechanism forms NH by reaction
3Or the NO of other products
xPercentage can be called cumulatively overall NO
xConversion percentages.Specifically, overall NO
xConversion percentages can comprise NO
xTransform the intermittence that is used for storage in catalyst area, or with NO
xBe reduced to N
2, or use NO
xForm NH
3, or various other NO
xShift to new management mechanisms, or certain combination of these mechanism.
Although advantageously with the NO of high percentage
xBe converted into NH
3Using as reducing agent in the SCR catalytic converter, but releasing system as herein described can also have benefited from transforming not for generation of NH
3Residual NO
xLike this, more a small amount of NH
3Can be suitable in the SCR catalytic converter NO
xBasically reduction.Even further, be stored in the NO in the catalyst area of after-treatment device
xBe used in some condition, as producing additional NH under some exhaust gas composition condition
3Therefore, the overall NO of high percentage
xConversion can be conducive to NO
xThe optimization that reduces discharging is as further with reference to as described in figure 4 and the counter structure described herein.
Fig. 4 illustrates CeO
2Component in temperature range to overall NO
xThe chart 400 of another example embodiment of the data of the effect of conversion percentages.For example, chart 400 illustrates the Pt-Bao-CeO shown in 410
2Pt-BaO catalyst area shown in the catalyst area and 420 overall NO at various temperatures
xConversion percentages.Particularly, chart 400 is illustrated in and does not comprise CeO in the catalyst area
2Component can make overall NO
xLevel of conversion is lower.
Although in the catalyzer synthetic, comprise CeO
2Can make overall NO
xConversion percentages is higher, but its NH
3Produce still deficiency concerning discharge treating system as herein described.Therefore, wish in a catalyst area, to comprise noble metal component and NO
xAbsorbent component is such as Pt-BaO, in order to help NH in relatively larger higher temperature scope
3Produce and NO
xTransform (Fig. 3 one Fig. 4), and in the catalyst area that another is physically isolated, include and help the NO under the lower temperature in the after-treatment device
xThe component or the combination of components that transform.Such method can be applied to the zone 210 and 220 among Fig. 2.For example, zone 220 can comprise than zone 210 more CeO
2, or zone 210 does not comprise CeO basically
2
Fig. 5 is the NO that illustrates as BaO
xAbsorbent component is to the chart 500 of the example embodiment of the data of the effect of catalyst area generation.For example, chart 500 illustrates such noble metal catalyst zone and the such noble metal catalyst zone overall NO at various temperatures in the zone of the Pt-Rh-BaO shown in 520 in Pt-Rh zone shown in 510
xConversion percentages, wherein the noble metal catalyst zone can comprise element Pt and Rh.Particularly, chart 500 illustrates the catalyst area that comprises the basically pure noble metal component as Pt-Rh and can obtain at low temperatures higher overall NO
xLevel of conversion.In other words, in catalyst area, do not comprise or comprise largely less NO than another catalyst area
xAbsorbent component can help low temperature NO
xTransform.
Although in the upstream region in the of 210, do not comprising or comprising the less NO as BaO
xAbsorbent component can help low temperature NO
xTransform, but can basically reduce NO in the higher temperature scope
xTransform.Therefore, wish the characteristic of two catalyst area of combination, one of them catalyst area demonstrates has precious metal and NO
xThe NO of adsorber catalyst (such as Pt-BaO)
xConversion characteristic (as, the NH in relatively wider higher temperature scope
3Produce and overall NO
xTransform), another catalyst area demonstrates to be had precious metal but comprises less NO
xThe NO of sorbent material (such as Pt-Rh)
xCharacteristic (as, low temperature NO
xTransform).These characteristics such as Fig. 3-Fig. 5 and shown in Figure 2.
The Pt-Rh catalyst area (does not comprise CeO basically
2) (basically do not comprise CeO with the Pt-BaO catalyst area of isolating physically and be positioned at the downstream yet
2) combination be an example embodiment that can be included in the combination in the after-treatment device.Can use various cerium dioxide and non-cerium dioxide combination of components that other are fit to.Generally speaking, catalyst area can comprise the NO with first amount
xAt least the first noble metal component of sorbent (can be zero), wherein noble metal component can comprise one or more precious metals (as, Pt, Pd, Rh, Ir, Ru, Os, Re, Ag and Au), wherein precious metal comprises PGM (such as Pt, Pd, Rh) and the NO with second amount
xAt least the second noble metal component of absorbent component, wherein second amount measured greater than first, and NO wherein
xAbsorbent component can comprise one or more NO
xSorbent, such as oxide or the carbonite of alkali metal (such as Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs) or alkaline-earth metal (such as Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba), or their certain combination.Said components can be dispersed on the metal oxide carrier of high surface (such as aluminium oxide, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, zeolite etc.), so that the first carrier is to store NO
xMetallic oxide (as, aluminium oxide or zeolite).Component and carrier thereof are usually located at bulk flow general formula carrier, flow honeycomb filter carrier, cellular structure, layered material, or are spun into fiber, and in other configurations.
In one approach, the first noble metal component can with the second noble metal component and NO
xAbsorbent component mixes, and wherein mixture can be arranged at least one catalyst area.Yet the function of some component can reduce or inactivation when other components occurring.For example, NO
xAbsorbent component can reduce the activity of noble metal component, thereby needs higher temperature to realize suitable NO
xLevel of conversion.In other words, NO is appearring in the first noble metal component
xCan only transform at a lower temperature the NO of much less during absorbent component
x
In embodiment as herein described, the first noble metal component can be physically and NO
xThe absorbent component isolation is in order to solve noble metal component because of NO
xThe problem of absorbent component inactivation.Particularly, the first noble metal component can be arranged in a catalyst area, and has NO
xThe second noble metal component of sorbent can be arranged in another catalyst area, wherein can be by various pattern isolation catalyst area as herein described.
Generally speaking, the physical isolation of catalyst area in after-treatment device can help various mechanism, and wherein at least one catalyst area can be in rich mixture operation period promotion from NO
x(as, the NO of absorption
xOr the NO in the exhaust
x) to NH
3Formation, or the storage NO
xTo N
2Reduction, or their certain combination, and catalyst area can promote NO in weak mixture operation period
xStorage.
Get back to Fig. 2, after-treatment device as herein described and SCR system can carry out alternately, with adjusting enter the exhaust gas composition of system and in system, produce various in the middle of by-product.Therefore, the SCR catalytic converter is in response to the exhaust of leaving after-treatment device, so that the NH of absorption rich mixture operation period generation
3Or the NH of use absorption
3Reductive NO
xTherefore, after-treatment device and SCR catalytic converter help the NO in the discharge treating system
xThe optimization that reduces discharging.
In embodiment as herein described, rich mixture operation can comprise such state, and wherein reducing agent (such as, hydrocarbon in the motor in the fuel of unburned fuel and injection etc.) appears in the exhaust and detects the NO of relative low density
x, and the weak mixture operation can comprise such state, and a large amount of NO is wherein arranged in exhaust
xAnd extra oxygen.
Fig. 6 A-Fig. 6 B general description process method from the exhaust of explosive motor by emission control systems as herein described.Particularly, method 600 is in response to the generality action sequence of engine operating condition, and wherein the sequence of rich mixture operation period is schematically illustrated by flow chart 6A, and the sequence of normal weak mixture operation period is schematically illustrated by flow chart 6B.
Each flow chart all is for clarity of illustration and the representation of concept of simplifying.
Concrete with reference to figure 6A, the exhaust that operates from rich mixture enters after-treatment device at the entrance of discharge treating system.Particularly, hydrocarbon (HC) and the relative low NO of amount
xThe composition that can be used as exhaust enters after-treatment device, and wherein HC under certain conditions can reductive NO
x
At 630, NO
xCan in after-treatment device, be reduced to NH
3Or be reduced to N
2Or both certain combinations.After-treatment device as described herein can promote the NO of relatively high percentage
xTo NH
3Conversion, although part NO
xBe reduced to N
2, wherein reducing agent can comprise the HC in the exhaust.NO
xCan be adsorbed in the after-treatment device in weak mixture operation period, maybe can enter exhaust or be certain combination of these situations.The NH that produces in the after-treatment device
3Can correspondingly enter the SCR catalytic converter in downstream.Continue Fig. 6 A, 640, enter the NH of SCR catalytic converter
3Can basically become the NH that is adsorbed
3
Refer now to Fig. 6 B, method starts from the entrance of discharge treating system again, and wherein the exhaust from the operation of the weak mixture of motor enters after-treatment device.Particularly, relatively a large amount of NO
xThe composition that can be used as exhaust enters after-treatment device.At 650, NO
xCan be adsorbed in the after-treatment device, although have part NO
xBe not adsorbed.Therefore, leave the residual NO of after-treatment device
xCan correspondingly enter the SCR catalytic converter.Continue flow chart 620, the NH that adsorbs in the SCR catalytic converter
3Can reduce residual NO from after-treatment device in rich mixture operation period
xTherefore, the exhaust from the SCR catalytic converter is substantially free of NO when leaving discharge treating system
x
Emission control systems can be realized said method under controller is regulated.Particularly, by fuel metering injection, engine air capacity or its combination, controller can help during various operating modes NO
xAnd/or NH
3From after-treatment device, be discharged in the SCR catalysis device.For example, advantageously at the SCR catalytic converter near NH
3Finish rich mixture operation and the operation of beginning weak mixture during the threshold capacity of absorption.Under this condition, controller can in response to the sensor that freely is positioned at SCR catalytic converter place (as, lambda sensor, NO
xSensor, NH
3Sensor) the will begin in a minute weak mixture operation of signal.Like this, a large amount of NO in the exhaust
xCan weak mixture operation period by the SCR catalytic converter in saturated NH
3Reduction.
Notice that the example control that comprises and valuation routine can be used for various motors and/or automotive system configuration herein.Concrete routine as herein described can represent one or more in any amount of methods and strategies, such as event-driven, drives interrupts, Multi task, multithreading etc.Therefore, shown various steps, operation or function can be carried out in the order shown, executed in parallel, or omits in some cases.Similarly, the order of method is not to realize that the feature and advantage institute of example embodiment as herein described is necessary, but provides for the ease of demonstration and explanation.Depend on employed specific strategy, one or more shown in can repeating in step and the function.In addition, described step can be programmed into code in the computer-readable storage medium in the engine control system with diagrammatic representation.
Should be understood that in this article disclosed configuration and routine are exemplary in essence, and these specific embodiments should not be regarded as having limited significance, because a large amount of variants is possible.For example, above-mentioned technology can be applied to V-6, I-4, I-6, V-12, and is opposed 4, and other engine type.Theme of the present invention is included in various system disclosed herein and configuration, reaches other feature, function, and/or all novel and the non-combination of easily seeing and sub-portfolios of attribute.
Following claim particularly points out and is considered as novel and non-particular combinations of easily seeing and sub-portfolio.These claims may be quoted " one " element or " first " element or its equivalence.Such claim should be understood to include the combination to one or more such elements, rather than requires or get rid of two or more such elements.Other combination of disclosed feature, function, element and/or attribute and sub-portfolio can be by the modifications of claim of the present invention or by providing new claim to ask for protection in the application or related application.No matter such claim is to require wider, narrower, equivalence or different than original rights on scope, all should be deemed to be included within the theme of the present invention.
Claims (19)
1. a vent systems is characterized in that, comprising:
The first emission control systems in the vent systems, described the first emission control systems has first area and second area at least, described second area is physically with the isolation of described first area and be positioned at downstream, described first area, and described first area comprises noble metal component and the NO on the metal oxide carrier that is dispersed in storage NOx
xAbsorbent component, and described second area comprises noble metal component and NOx adsorbent component on the metal oxide carrier that is dispersed in storage NOx, the noble metal component of described first area is higher to the ratio of NOx adsorbent component to the noble metal component of the more described second area of ratio of NOx adsorbent component, and described NOx adsorbent component configuration is used for absorbing NO in the higher temperature range of more described carrier absorption NOx temperature range
x, wherein said second area is compared with described first area and is comprised more described NO
xAbsorbent component; And
The second emission control systems, described the second emission control systems comprises the SCR catalyzer that is connected to described the first emission control systems downstream.
2. vent systems as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described noble metal component is selected from least one in platinum, palladium, rhodium, iridium, ruthenium, osmium, rhenium, silver, gold and its mixture.
3. vent systems as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described noble metal component comprises platinum.
4. vent systems as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described NO
xAbsorbent component is selected from the oxide of lithium in the alkali metal, sodium, potassium, rubidium, caesium, the oxide of the beryllium in the alkaline-earth metal, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, described alkali-metal carbonite, at least one in the carbonite of described alkaline-earth metal and its mixture.
5. vent systems as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described NO
xAbsorbent component comprises ba oxide, and described storage NO
xMetal oxide carrier be selected from aluminium oxide, zeolite, be dispersed in silica on the aluminium oxide, be dispersed in titanium dioxide on the aluminium oxide, be dispersed in the zirconium oxide on the aluminium oxide, and in its mixture at least one.
6. vent systems as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described storage NO
xCarrier comprise aluminium oxide.
7. vent systems as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described carrier is selected from aluminium oxide, zeolite, silica, titanium dioxide, zirconium oxide, and in its mixture at least one.
8. vent systems as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described the first emission control systems at upstream region is comprised of the precious metal that is dispersed on one or more in aluminium oxide, zeolite, silica, titanium dioxide, the zirconium oxide in essence.
9. vent systems as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described at least second area also comprises the cerium dioxide component.
10. vent systems as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the washcoated layer of wherein said the first emission control systems comprises the cerium dioxide of the first relative quantity and comprises the cerium dioxide of more the second relative quantity at described second area in described first area.
11. vent systems as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the washcoated layer of wherein said the first emission control systems comprises the cerium dioxide of the first relative quantity and comprises the cerium dioxide of the second relative quantity still less at described second area in described first area.
12. vent systems as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described first area is located on the identical carrier with second area.
13. vent systems as claimed in claim 12 is characterized in that, described carrier is bulk flow general formula carrier.
14. vent systems as claimed in claim 12 is characterized in that, described first area and second area are by one section isolation of described carrier.
15. vent systems as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises the urea reducing agent spraying system, wherein will cause between described the first emission control systems and the second emission control systems from the urea of described urea reducing agent spraying system.
16. vent systems as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises particulate filter system, wherein said filter system is positioned at the upstream of described the first emission control systems.
17. vent systems as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises particulate filter system, wherein said filter system is positioned at the downstream of described the first emission control systems.
18. a vent systems is characterized in that, comprising:
The first emission control system with washcoated layer, described washcoated layer have physically and NO
xThe precious metal of first amount of storage medium isolation and physically with NO
xThe precious metal of second amount that storage medium mixes, the precious metal of wherein said first amount is positioned at the precious metal upstream of described second amount, described precious metal and the described and NO that is positioned at first amount of upstream
xThe precious metal of second amount that storage medium mixes all is on the identical alumina support described NO
xThe storage medium configuration is used for NOx adsorption in than the higher temperature scope of alumina support NOx adsorption; And
Be positioned at second emission control system in described the first emission control system downstream, described the second device comprises and is configured to store NH
3The SCR catalyzer.
19. a vent systems is characterized in that, comprising:
The first emission control systems in the vent systems, described the first emission control systems has first area and second area at least, described second area is physically with the isolation of described first area and be positioned at least in part downstream, described first area, described first area comprises noble metal component and NOx adsorbent component, and described second area comprises noble metal component and NO
xAbsorbent component, wherein said first area and second area do not comprise cerium dioxide basically, the noble metal component of described first area is higher to the ratio of NOx adsorbent component to the noble metal component of the more described second area of ratio of NOx adsorbent component, and described NOx adsorbent component configuration is used for NOx adsorption in than the higher temperature scope of alumina support NOx adsorption; And
The second emission control systems, described the second emission control systems comprises the selective catalytic reduction device that is connected to described the first emission control systems downstream, and described selective catalytic reduction device comprises the zeolite of copper or iron displacement or vanadium catalyst comes the reducing NOx control gear for a part of ammonia that utilizes at least the NOx control gear NOx.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US11/470,186 US20080053071A1 (en) | 2006-09-05 | 2006-09-05 | System and Method for Reducing NOx Emissions |
| US11/470,186 | 2006-09-05 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101144409A CN101144409A (en) | 2008-03-19 |
| CN101144409B true CN101144409B (en) | 2013-03-20 |
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| CN2007101422744A Expired - Fee Related CN101144409B (en) | 2006-09-05 | 2007-09-05 | System and method for reducing NOx emissions |
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|---|---|
| US (1) | US20080053071A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2008062230A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN101144409B (en) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB0803670D0 (en) * | 2008-02-28 | 2008-04-09 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Improvements in emission control |
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- 2007-08-23 JP JP2007217290A patent/JP2008062230A/en active Pending
- 2007-09-04 DE DE102007041954A patent/DE102007041954A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20080053071A1 (en) | 2008-03-06 |
| DE102007041954A1 (en) | 2008-06-19 |
| GB0716025D0 (en) | 2007-09-26 |
| JP2008062230A (en) | 2008-03-21 |
| CN101144409A (en) | 2008-03-19 |
| GB2441623A (en) | 2008-03-12 |
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