CN101137871A - Solar collector - Google Patents
Solar collector Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101137871A CN101137871A CNA2005800354147A CN200580035414A CN101137871A CN 101137871 A CN101137871 A CN 101137871A CN A2005800354147 A CNA2005800354147 A CN A2005800354147A CN 200580035414 A CN200580035414 A CN 200580035414A CN 101137871 A CN101137871 A CN 101137871A
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- Prior art keywords
- solar
- heat
- collector
- heat exchanger
- solar collector
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
- F24S10/40—Solar heat collectors using working fluids in absorbing elements surrounded by transparent enclosures, e.g. evacuated solar collectors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
- F24S30/40—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement
- F24S30/45—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement with two rotation axes
- F24S30/455—Horizontal primary axis
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S50/00—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors
- F24S50/20—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors for tracking
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S60/00—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors
- F24S60/30—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors storing heat in liquids
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S90/00—Solar heat systems not otherwise provided for
- F24S90/10—Solar heat systems not otherwise provided for using thermosiphonic circulation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S25/00—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules
- F24S25/10—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules extending in directions away from a supporting surface
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/47—Mountings or tracking
Abstract
The invention is a solar powered heat exchanger (10) comprising a solar collector (12), a heat accumulator (14), and a heat exchanger (16). The solar collector is operatively coupled to the heat accumulator (14) via a supply line (18) and a recirculation line (20). The heat accumulator (14) is in turn operatively coupled to the heat exchanger (16) via a feed line (22) and a return line (24).
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of solar collector and a kind of solar energy heat exchanger in a broad sense.The invention still further relates to a kind of solar tracking device and a kind of combination type solar gatherer/follow-up mechanism.
Background technology
The solar water heating system of traditional structure comprises solar collector, and described solar collector is connected with the storage cylinder that storage water is housed.Solar collector is that a plurality of endothermic tubes arranged by parallel or helical form or the device manufacturing of pipe form.In one form, pipe is formed on the heat absorption base plate of black, and described base plate can be placed on the roof to catch sunlight.In another form, pipe is encapsulated in the shell, and described shell has the glass pane front that is exposed under the sunlight, owing to the influence of greenhouse effects has improved the efficiency of heating surface.This system can provide direct heating, wherein stores water itself and circulates by solar collector.Replacedly, can provide indirect heating, wherein for example, ethylene glycol mixture is by solar collector with through recirculation in the associated solar circulation of storage cylinder.Storage cylinder has heat exchanger, and described heat exchanger utilizes the heat of ethylene glycol mixture in the solar energy circulation to add thermmal storage water indirectly.Under any situation of direct or indirect mode of heating, store water or ethylene glycol mixture and be pumped through solar collector, up to the temperature that stores water equal or near solar collector in the temperature of liquid.
Traditional solar collector absorbs shortwave radiation, and described shortwave radiation passes to by conduction and is heated fluid.Because fluid temperature (F.T.) rises, so the temperature of collector surface also rises.Heat energy in the gatherer is by having been lost with the form of long-wave radiation from the radiation again of collector surface of heating, and the temperature of collector surface is high more, and the heat energy of radiation again from gatherer (or loss) is also many more.Because this influence, the efficient of traditional gatherer along with the rising that is heated fluid temperature (F.T.) promptly descends, equate with the shortwave radiation that is collected the device absorption up to the long-wave radiation of finally losing from collector surface, and no longer further heat.The peak bulk temperature that traditional gatherer can obtain is approximately 85 to 90 ℃.
Summary of the invention
A kind of solar collector is provided according to an aspect of the present invention, comprises:
The gatherer shell has translucent or transparent surface, and described gatherer shell is sealed to allow finding time or the reducing of pressure to small part of subatmospheric enclosure; And
Be positioned at the collector tank of gatherer enclosure, has solar absorption surface contiguous translucent or that transparent surface is provided with, described collector tank is applicable to holds heat-transfer fluid, when solar collector is exposed to sunlight following time, described heat-transfer fluid is by solar energy heating, described solar energy penetrates translucent or transparent surface and the efficient of the increase that shell was provided of finding time with sealing or to small part and being absorbed by the solar absorption surface, and heat is transmitted to heat-transfer fluid in described solar absorption surface.
Preferably, the gatherer shell of sealing delimit chamber between the sorbent surface of translucent or transparent at least surface and collector tank.More preferably, shell has the exhaust-valve of the closed chamber that allows to find time, and is used for chamber interior is pumped into partial vacuum at least.Even more preferably, closed chamber surrounds described collector tank, and described collector tank and gatherer shell are separated by flexible baffle on interior surface opposing.
Preferably, solar collector comprises the installation component regulated that the gatherer shell is installed, and described installation component is applicable to solar collector provides and redirects, to increase the degree of exposure of sorbent surface with respect to sunlight.Comparatively preferably, can regulate installation component realize redirecting of solar collector seasonally by rotation around first axle.More preferably, can regulate installation component by around the rotation of second axis sun-tracing effectively, described second axis roughly crosses first axle.The most preferably, first axle is the height axis, and second axis is azimuth axis (azimuth axis).
A kind of solar energy heat exchanger is provided according to a further aspect in the invention, comprises:
Solar collector, described solar collector comprises the gatherer shell with translucent or transparent surface, described gatherer shell is sealed finds time to small part allowing, or the pressure that reduces enclosure makes it less than atmospheric pressure, with the collector tank that is positioned at the gatherer enclosure, described collector tank is applicable to holds heat-transfer fluid; Storage heater, it functionally connects with solar collector, described storage heater is used to store the heat-transfer fluid of the solar collector heating that is exposed under the sunlight, wherein solar energy penetrates translucent or transparent surface and is absorbed by the solar absorption surface, because shell is sealing or partial vacuum at least, therefore efficient is increased, and heat is transmitted to heat-transfer fluid in described solar absorption surface; And heat exchanger, it functionally connects with storage heater, and is arranged to be used to transmit heat from the heat of the heat-transfer fluid of storage heater or solar collector to external device (ED).
Preferably, heat exchanger comprises the heat-exchanging chamber that is connected with the external device (ED) heat exchange, and described heat-exchanging chamber is connected to storage heater by service, and described service provides the heat-transfer fluid from storage heater.Comparatively preferably, heat-exchanging chamber also is connected to storage heater by Returning pipe, and described Returning pipe is used for making heat-transfer fluid be back to storage heater after described fluid and external device (ED) exchange its heat.More preferably, heat exchanger also comprises the expansion chamber that is connected with heat-exchanging chamber, and described expansion chamber is designed to allow heated fluid to expand when its temperature rises, thereby has kept the inner relatively stable and low hydrostatic pressure of heat exchanger.The most preferably, heat exchanger further comprises the pump that links to each other with Returning pipe, is used to promote heat-transfer fluid from heat-exchanging chamber flowing to storage heater.
Preferably, storage heater comprises accumulator chimney, and described accumulator chimney links to each other with the supply line of the outlet that is connected to collector tank, and the inside that described accumulator chimney is positioned at storage heater is used to transport the heat-transfer fluid that exports from collector tank.In addition, heat exchanger comprises the heat exchange chimney that links to each other with service, and described service interconnects storage heater and heat exchanger, and the heat exchange chimney is positioned at heat-exchanging chamber inside to transport the heat-transfer fluid from storage heater.
Preferably, solar energy heat exchanger also comprises the recirculation conduit that is connected between storage heater and the solar collector, is used to make heat-transfer fluid recirculation.More preferably, collector tank comprises the inlet that links to each other with recirculation conduit, and the outlet that connects with storage heater, described outlet is raised in order to the thermosyphon effect that is used in the porch with respect to inlet and realizes that heat-transfer fluid is from the recirculation of inlet to the mobile of outlet and heat-transfer fluid process recirculation conduit.More preferably, collector tank comprises a plurality of interior panellings, and described interior panelling is provided for supporting cavity and is oriented promoting heat-transfer fluid from inlet flowing to outlet.
Preferably, solar energy heat exchanger further comprises the temperature control system that connects with the heat exchanger operability, and described temperature control system is used to control flowing of heat-transfer fluid heat exchanger, thus the heat exchange amount between control and the external device (ED).Comparatively preferably, this temperature control system comprises the control valve that links to each other with service, with the temperature sensor that links to each other with external device (ED), described temperature sensor functionally connects with control valve, according to the temperature of external device (ED), control valve is by throttling flowing with control heat-transfer fluid heat exchanger thus.
Preferably, heat-transfer fluid is the liquid such as the mixture of ethylene glycol or water/ethylene glycol.
The aspect provides a kind of solar tracking device according to inventing further, comprising:
Base portion, described base portion is applicable to the installation solar collector;
Block parts, the described parts that block are connected with described base portion with fixing and predetermined angle;
A pair of light-sensitive element, described a pair of light-sensitive element are installed on the base portion and are positioned on other opposite side of branch that blocks parts; And
Transmission mechanism, described transmission mechanism functionally connects with described a pair of light-sensitive element, and is in operation thus, and light-sensitive element is according to they be blocked degree of exposure with respect to sunlight of component controls, and drive transmission device is to realize moving of solar collector.
Preferably, base portion is flat, and the described parts that block vertically are fixed to flat base portion substantially.Comparatively preferably, block parts and comprise the top that is generally straight lower part and extends from the lower part that is fixed on the base portion with the obtuse angle.More preferably, top has reflecting surface in its lower section, and described reflecting surface is towards one of them of light-sensitive element.
Preferably, each light-sensitive element all adopts the form of photo resistance.
Preferably, solar tracking device also comprises actuator circuit, and described actuator circuit has photo resistance, and this photo resistance comes drive transmission device according to its degree of exposure with respect to sunlight.Comparatively preferably, actuator circuit comprises voltage comparator, described voltage comparator has respectively voltage input and the reference voltage from photo resistance, be added in the differential voltage (differentialvoltage) on the input of voltage comparator thus thus make voltage comparator conducting drive transmission device.More preferably, the output of voltage comparator is connected with transistor, and described transistor AND gate relay is electrically connected and triggers this relay, thus, be applied to differential voltage on the voltage comparator and make comparator and transistor turns and closing relay, this provides power for transmission mechanism.The most preferably, relay comprises the electromagnetic relay that is connected with the normally opened relay contact.
Preferably, transmission mechanism adopts the form of drive motors.More preferably, drive motors is electrically connected with a pair of light-sensitive element by actuator circuit.
The combination of a kind of as previously described solar collector and solar tracking device is provided according to a further aspect in the invention, described solar tracking device is connected with solar collector, and be designed to solar collector is redirected so that solar collector with respect to the exposure optimization of sunlight.
Preferably, solar tracking device is arranged to make solar collector to center on azimuth axis rotation with sun-tracing effectively, and makes the degree of exposure optimization of every day with respect to sunlight.Comparatively preferably, follow-up mechanism is in a pair of described device, and another solar tracking device is designed to allow solar collector to center on the rotation of height axis or tilts, so that the seasonal degree of exposure optimization with respect to sunlight of solar collector.
Description of drawings
In order to understand characteristic of the present invention better, the preferred embodiment of a kind of solar collector, solar energy heat exchanger and solar tracking device will only be described by the mode of example at this, with reference to the accompanying drawings, and wherein:
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of solar energy heat exchanger of the embodiment of one aspect of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the cutaway view of the solar collector of Fig. 1 along the A-A direction;
Fig. 3 is the storage heater (accumulator) of Fig. 1 and heat exchanger another cutaway view along the B-B direction;
Fig. 4 is the further cutaway view of the heat exchanger of Fig. 3 along the C-C direction;
Fig. 5 is the heat exchanger and plane and the front view that can regulate installation component of Fig. 1;
Fig. 6 is the further solar energy heat exchanger of the embodiment of aspect and the side view of solar tracking device of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the plane and the front view of tracing sensor of the solar tracking device of Fig. 6;
Fig. 8 is the circuit diagram of the solar tracking device of Fig. 6; And
Fig. 9 is the schematic diagram of tracing sensor, shows its rotatablely moving about azimuth axis.
The specific embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, be labeled as 10 solar energy heat exchanger and generally include solar collector 12, storage heater 14 and heat exchanger 16.Solar collector 12 functionally connects with storage heater 14 by supply line 18 and recirculation conduit 20.In the operation, storage heater 14 connects with heat exchanger 16 by service 22 and Returning pipe 24 successively.
As illustrating best in Fig. 2, solar collector 12 is structures of dull and stereotyped cubic roughly, and wherein gatherer shell 26 comprises rectangular shaped rim 34, and described frame 34 is sandwiched between the windowpane (glass pane) 28 of light tight plate 36 of the back of the body and front.Windowpane 28 and backboard 36 are fixed on the frame 34 by airtight and watertight padding 38.This gatherer shell 26 inside that are arranged in provide closed chamber 40, and described closed chamber 40 is designed to allow the pressure of enclosure to be reduced to be lower than atmospheric pressure or to be preferably vacuum especially.Collector tank 30 comprises solar absorption surface 41, and described solar absorption surface 41 is exposed in the sunlight towards windowpane 28, and has maximized shape of the solar absorption of making and color (being preferably lacklustre black).
Should be appreciated that, by will be in closed chamber 40 emptyings between solar absorption surface 41 and translucent lid or the windowpane 28, can reduce or weaken the radiation loss (long wave) that produces from sorbent surface 41, because it is weakened that the heat that is undertaken by convection type to space outerpace from solar absorption surface 41 transmits, and long-wave radiation can not penetrate windowpane 28.Therefore, the efficient of emptying chamber or closed chamber 40 is quite impartial and irrelevant with fluid temperature (F.T.), thereby can obtain higher temperature.
The gatherer shell 26 of sealing accommodates collector tank 30, and described collector tank 30 has the shape with relief chamber 40 complementations that seal.Closed chamber 40 is around all surface of collector tank 30, and described collector tank is separated with windowpane 28 and backboard 36 respectively by the flexible baffle such as 42 and 44 inside.Collector tank 30 has inlet 46 and outlet 48, and described entrance and exit separates along diagonal, is positioned on the relative perisporium, and links to each other with supply line 18 with recirculation conduit 20 respectively.Collector tank 30 also has a plurality of such as 50 interior panelling, and these baffle plates are equidistant placement in the horizontal in this example, and almost parallel each other.Solar collector 12 is oriented to and makes collector tank outlet 48 inlets 46 with respect to it be raised, and is used in mobile the provide thermal siphon effect of 46 places for the water/ethylene glycol mixture of process collector tank 30 that enter the mouth.As shown in Figure 1, these interior panellings are directed with respect to inlet 46 and outlet 48 as 50, are used for promoting further flowing of heat-transfer fluid.
As shown in Figure 3, storage heater 14 has the cylindrical accumulator tank 54 of arranging along its side and from the periphery wall of cavity 54 accumulator chimney 56 of extend through cavity 54 radially.Accumulator chimney 56 links to each other with supply line 18, and is set at roughly vertical position.The accumulator chimney 56 that is arranged to be positioned at this position is designed to allow hot fluid to rise by convection current, enters into the top of storage heater 14 from gatherer 12.Chimney 56 is adiabatic heats to reduce to transmit from the colder fluid that the hot fluid that rises stores to storage heater 14.The size of accumulator tank 54 and volume depend on and add heat request.For example, if heating need reach effective sunshine between the extended period outside the time, then accumulator tank 54 just needs big relatively.Accumulator tank 54 is passed through the coating (not shown) thermal insulation of prior art so that the further minimum heat losses of heat-transfer fluid.Recirculation conduit 20 extends in accumulator tank 54, and the height of its mouth or import 58 depends in the storage heater 14 maximum volume of the heat-transfer fluid that will keep.Service 22 is connected with accumulator tank 54, and itself and accumulator chimney 56 be coaxial alignment roughly.Service 22 is outwards expanded with frusto-conical 60 in the junction of itself and accumulator tank 54.Should be appreciated that, thisly increased the speed that heat-transfer fluid or water/ethylene glycol mixture flow into storage heater 14 connecting near the expansion at accumulator tank 56 places.
The heat exchanger 16 of present embodiment comprises heat exchanger chamber 62, and heat exchanger device 32 partly is contained in the inside of described heat exchanger chamber 62.Heat exchanger 16 also comprises the heat exchange chimney 64 that links to each other with service 22, and described chimney 64 is vertically arranged in heat exchanger chamber 62, rises to the top of heat exchanger 16 to allow hot fluid.Service 22 comprises control valve, and described control valve adopts the form of choke valve 66, is used for flowing according to the heat exchanger 16 that adds heat request control water/ethylene glycol mixture of external device (ED) 32.Heat exchanger 16 also has temperature sensor 68, and it functionally connects with external device (ED) 32, and is designed to come according to the temperature of external device (ED) 32 throttling of control valve 66.Heat exchanger 16 further comprises expansion chamber 70, and described expansion chamber 70 is passed through to link to each other with relative tiny pipe 72 with heat exchanger chamber 62, and is designed to allow the heat-transfer fluid in the heat exchanger 16 to expand.Expansion chamber 70 has the lid of loose fit, is used for allowing air to leave or enter cavity 70 according to the fluid levels of cavity 70.In heat exchanger 16, carried out the water/ethylene glycol mixture of heat exchange and got back to storage heater 14 by Returning pipe 24.Returning pipe 24 in this example comprises pump 76, be used to promote heat-transfer fluid from heat exchanger 16 to storage heater 14 flow.Replacedly, can adopt thermosyphon effect and not need to use pump.
Fig. 4 shows the cross section of external device (ED) 32, and the solar energy heat exchanger 10 in the present embodiment carries out heat exchange with described external device (ED) 32.External device (ED) 32 comprises another chamber 76, and chamber 76 has heated independent fluid.Heat-transfer fluid in heat exchanger chamber 62 passes to the wall portion of heat via another chamber 32 with heated independent fluid by conduction.Along with transfer fluid cools and since the cause of thermal siphon its drop down onto the bottom of heat exchanger chamber 62, flow back in the storage heater 14 by Returning pipe 24 then.
In order more easily to understand this embodiment of solar energy heat exchanger 10, listed the general step in its running below:
1. solar energy is absorbed by solar collector 12, and described solar collector 12 can add hot heat transfer fluid or water/ethylene glycol mixture effectively;
2. make water/ethylene glycol mixture flow into the collector tank 30 of solar collector 12, and pass through accumulator chimney 56 and vertically rise;
3. according to loading and adding heat request, volume or flow rising that the water/ethylene glycol mixture of solar energy heating is controlled with controlled valve 66 by heat exchange chimney 64 enter heat exchanger 16;
4. when relatively the heat-transfer fluid of heat entered the top of storage heater 14, the colder fluid of preserving in the storage heater 14 was owing to the bottom of thermosyphon effect towards storage heater 14 descends, again because the thermal siphon phenomenon is returned the bottom of gatherer 12 by recirculation conduit 20;
5. rising enters the water/ethylene glycol mixture of the heat-exchanging chamber 62 of heat exchanger 16, carries out exchange heat with external device (ED) 32, and heats external device (ED) 32 effectively; And
6. water/the ethylene glycol mixture that has consumed heat returns storage heater 14 by Returning pipe 24 under the effect of the help of pump or thermal siphon phenomenon.
As shown in Figure 5, in order to increase the degree of exposure of solar collector 12 for sunlight, solar thermal collector 12 has adjustable installation component 90, and gatherer shell 26 is installed on the described installation component 90.Can regulate installation component 90 and comprise mechanical transmission mechanism and locking device 92, described locking device 92 has an end and is fixed on the lever 94 of axle on 96, and this lever is locked on the reference point in fixing season releasedly.Lever 94 has telescopic pin (not shown), among three hole 100A to 100C on the fish plate 98 in the present embodiment, and these holes are arranged according to being in certain angle season, respectively corresponding summer, spring/fall and winter.Installation component 90 also comprises the drive motors 102 that is connected with driving shaft or bar 104, and described driving shaft 104 is fixed on again on the solar collector 12.Therefore drive motors 102 makes solar collector 12 rotate sun-tracing, makes the degree of exposure maximization of 12 every days of solar collector with respect to sunlight.
By making again inclination or the orientation of solar energy heat exchanger 12 with respect to main shaft or altitude axis, can regulate installation component 90 therefore provide solar collector 12 continuously or seasonal the redirecting of being interrupted effectively.Can regulate installation component 90 and can also allow rotation with respect to countershaft or azimuth axis, described countershaft or azimuth axis are roughly crossed described main shaft, and are designed to make solar collector 12 sun-tracing effectively in the sunshine-duration.
Fig. 6 shows a variation of solar energy heat exchanger shown in Figure 1, and an embodiment of the present invention's solar tracking device 110 on the other hand.Solar tracking device 110 among this embodiment is in a pair of device 110 and 110 ', and this is designed to make solar collector 12 ' respectively with respect to azimuth axis 112 and 114 rotations of height axis to device.
Solar collector 12 ' (preferably with unshowned storage heater and heat exchanger) is raised the side on the ground by fixing support column or pedestal 116.Pedestal 116 on the installation component 118, is used to make solar collector 12 ' with respect to 114 upsets of height axis or inclination again in the middle of upper end is rotatably installed in.Middle installation component 118 provides installation portion for drive motors 120, and described drive motors 120 has axle 122, and it defines the azimuth axis 112 of solar collector 12 ' around rotation.Axle 122 intermediate support assembly 118 rotations relatively, and be fixed on the installation bracket 124, installation bracket 124 is fixed on again on the lower surface of solar collector 12 '.
Be used for making solar collector 12 ' to comprise drive motors 120 with respect to the solar tracking device 110 of azimuth axis 112 rotations, and aspect sensor 126.Another solar tracking device 110 ' comprises height drive motors 128 and height sensor 130, is used to make solar collector 12 ' to tilt with respect to height axis 114 on the installation component 118 in the middle of the axle of described height drive motors 128 is fixed on.Aspect sensor 126 and height sensor 130 are installed in the same plane, and are positioned at the opposite sides of solar collector 12 ' in the face of the sun.
Fig. 7 shows the tracing sensor 126 and 130 that installs among Fig. 6 with the form of front view and plane.For instance, aspect sensor 126 comprises substrate 132, roughly vertical blocks parts or arm 134 is fixed on the described substrate 132 with the right angle.Block arm 134 and be formed with speculum 136 continuously in the end thereon, described speculum with block arm 134 and dispose in obtuse angle.Importantly, tracing sensor 126 has a pair of light sensor, and the described a pair of light sensor of photo resistance (LDR) 138 and 140 form is installed in the opposite side that blocks arm 134 on the upper surface of substrate 132.Block two relative LDR138 of arm 134 and speculum 136 common controls and 140 degree of exposure with respect to sunlight.
In order to understand solar tracking device better, its operation is described below with reference to Fig. 8 and 9.
Opposing L DR138 is said relevant with light as its title with 140, and has relative high resistance when low light shines with unglazed the photograph, and has lower resistance when light is strong.Therefore, with reference to the actuator circuit 150 of Fig. 8, when the intensity of illumination on dropping on two LDR138/140 (normal condition) was the same, the voltage that V1 is ordered was half of supply voltage.When if the intensity of illumination on the LDR1 138 rises to above the intensity of illumination of LDR2140, the voltage on one just rise surpass supply voltage half.On the contrary, if when dropping on intensity of illumination on the LDR1 138 and dropping to the intensity of illumination that is lower than on the LDR2 140, the voltage at V1 place will be brought down below half of supply voltage.
Actuator circuit in the present embodiment (actuator circuit) 150 comprises the divider that is made of resistance R 1 152 and resistance R 2 154, and described divider can provide and equal to supply voltage half reference voltage V2.Circuit 150 also comprises voltage comparator A1 or 156, and described voltage comparator has positive and negative input, and described positive and negative input is on-load voltage V1 and V2 respectively.Circuit 150 further comprises another voltage comparator 158, has positive and negative input, and described positive and negative input is on-load voltage V2 and V1 respectively.
In the operation, when the light on dropping on two LDR138 and 140 equates, voltage comparator 156 or 158 not conductings.Along with for example increase of LDR1 138 glazings, comparator A1 or 156 output are higher relatively, and that the output of another voltage comparator A2 or 158 keeps is relatively low.Voltage comparator A1 or 156 is electrically connected on transistor Q1 or 160, and in this case, this transistor is switched on, and encourages connected electromagnetic relay R1 or 162 again.The relay R 1 or 162 that is energized makes continuous relay contact CR1 or 164 closures again, and apply positive voltage polarity give transmission mechanism or, for example, impose on orientation drive motors 120.
On the other hand, if LDR2 or 140 is exposed to the illumination of increase, this output that will cause voltage comparator A2 or 158 is high relatively so, and another comparator A1 or 156 voltage output simultaneously keeps relatively low.In this case, transistor Q2 that another links to each other with comparator A2 or 158 or 166 conductings, thereby excitation electromagnetic relay R2 or 168.The relay 168 closing relay contacts 170 that are energized apply an opposite polarity of voltage and give drive motors 120.
As Fig. 9 schematically, the tracing sensor 126 in the present embodiment 130 makes solar collector effectively around azimuth axis 112 rotations, so that its every day is for the degree of exposure maximization of sunlight.When drop on LDR1 or 138 and LDR2 or 140 on illumination when equating, the drive motors 120 that is used for azimuth rotation is not powered.If the intensity of illumination that drops on LDR1 or 138 is higher than the intensity of illumination that drops on LDR2 or 140, then drive motors 120 rotates towards a direction, and perhaps vice versa.
As shown in Figure 9, solar tracking device makes solar collector around azimuth axis 112 rotations, and step is as follows:
1. when the sun vertically was positioned at the top on plane of base portion 132 and gatherer, LDR138/140 received the intensity of illumination that equates, orientation drive motors 120 stops;
2. when the sun was mobile westwards, speculum 136 sheltered from LDR2 or 140, and the illumination that this moment, described LDR2 or 140 received is less than LDR1 or 138, and drive motors is powered, and solar collector is around its azimuth axis 112 rotations;
3. the shade cast of speculum 136 leaves photo resistance 2140, and photo resistance 138/140 receives equal illumination, disconnects motor and makes solar collector directly in the face of the sun; And
4. when the sun sets, the solar collector panel is exposed to the west, solar collector is transfixions all whole night, up to the next morning during The sun came up, reflex on LDR2 or 140 from the horizontal light in the east mirror 136 that is reflected, the intensity of illumination that this LDR2 or 140 receives is higher than the intensity of illumination that LDR1 or 138 receives, drive motors is energized in the opposite direction or powers, make solar collector center on its azimuth axis 112 rotations, up to solar collector in the face of the sun, and till the intensity of illumination that receives of LDR138/140 equates.
Should recognize that the tracking of the sun is continuous like that or repetition among the step 1-3 described above during daytime.The sensitivity of solar tracking device can be regulated by the height that blocks arm such as 134, and rely on increasing it highly increases the shade that blocks arm 134 and drop on apparent velocity (apparentspeed) on photo resistance 2 or 140.It is to be further appreciated that another solar tracking device 110 ' among Fig. 6 moves in a similar manner, wherein height drive motors 128 makes solar collector 12 ' with respect to its 114 rotations of height axis or inclination.Height sensor 130 roughly is positioned to perpendicular to aspect sensor 126 because height sensor 130 block arm along the east-west direction setting, thereby when its height changes, remain the track of solar collector 12 ' towards the sun between summer and winter.
Solar energy heat exchanger 10 in the present embodiment can be used to add hot water, and for example, external device (ED) 32 has the drinking water supply of family expenses.In another kind was used, solar energy heat exchanger 10 was used as thermal source to drive the device that produces water from surrounding air.The specification of the applicant's the Australian provisional application that is numbered No.2003904488 has been described a kind of such device, and the disclosed content of this specification is included in this mode by reference.And in Another Application, the heat of solar energy heat exchanger 10 can be used to absorption system, is used to drive refrigeration machine or air-conditioning.
Now, described the preferred embodiments of the present invention in detail, to those skilled in the art, it is apparent that solar collector, solar energy heat exchanger or solar tracking device have the following advantages:
1. solar collector has the gatherer shell of sealing, can be pumped into partial vacuum at least in the shell, and described solar collector absorbs solar energy effectively and is used to add hot heat transfer fluid, and allows the temperature that reaches higher;
2. the orientation of the structure of solar collector and import thereof and outlet provides effectively flowing of heat-transfer fluid, and this flows through at the thermosyphon effect of the porch of collector tank and is promoted;
3. it is (colder that solar energy heat exchanger has utilized the gatherer bottom, density is higher) (hotter with the heat exchanger top, density is lower) between the density contrast of heat-transfer fluid, wherein, the heated heat-transfer fluid density that becomes is less in gatherer, and because the effect of free convection power rises to the peak of heat exchanger system, and when fluid cools off in heat exchanger, the density that becomes is big and fall bottom the system; And
Solar tracking device effectively every day ground and/seasonal ground, territory sun-tracing, thereby preferably make the degree of exposure maximization of solar collector with respect to sunlight.
Those skilled in the art should recognize that invention described herein can easily be different from those specifically described variation and modifications.For example, the concrete structure of solar collector may wherein be to add hot heat transfer fluid effectively in solar collector inside with described different.The controlling organization that the control heat-transfer fluid flows towards heat exchanger also may be different.Similarly, being used for the structure of the installation component regulated of solar collector also may be different with the content of describing with control.
All these changes and improvements all should be believed to comprise within the scope of the invention, and its characteristic is limited by description above.
Claims (36)
1. solar collector comprises:
The gatherer shell, it has translucent or transparent surface, and described gatherer shell is sealed to allow finding time or the reducing of pressure to small part in the subatmospheric shell; And
Be positioned at the collector tank of gatherer enclosure, described collector tank has solar absorption surface contiguous translucent or that transparent surface is provided with, described collector tank is applicable to holds heat-transfer fluid, when solar collector is exposed to sunlight following time, described heat-transfer fluid is by solar energy heating, described solar energy penetrates translucent or transparent surface and the efficient of the increase that shell was provided of finding time with sealing or to small part, be absorbed on the solar absorption surface, heat is transmitted to heat-transfer fluid in described solar absorption surface.
2. solar collector as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the gatherer shell of sealing is delimit chamber between arbitrary sorbent surface of translucent or transparent at least surface and collector tank.
3. solar collector as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that, any shell all comprises the exhaust-valve of finding time that allows closed chamber, and described exhaust-valve is used for inside cavity is pumped into partial vacuum at least.
4. as each described solar collector among the claim 1-3, it is characterized in that described closed chamber surrounds described collector tank, described collector tank and gatherer shell are separated by flexible baffle on interior surface opposing.
5. each described solar collector in the claim as described above, it is characterized in that, solar collector also comprises can regulate installation component, described gatherer shell is installed to the described installation component of regulating, described installation component is applicable to solar collector provides and redirects, to increase the exposure of sorbent surface with respect to sunlight.
6. solar collector as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that, can regulate installation component and realize that by the rotation around first axle the seasonality of solar collector redirects.
7. solar collector as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, can regulate installation component by sun-tracing around second axis rotation and effectively, and described second axis roughly crosses described first axle.
8. solar collector as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, first axle is the height axis, and second axis is an azimuth axis.
9. each described solar collector in the claim as described above is characterized in that heat-transfer fluid is the liquid that comprises the mixture of ethylene glycol or water/ethylene glycol.
10. solar energy heat exchanger comprises:
Solar collector, described solar collector comprises the gatherer shell with translucent or transparent surface, described gatherer shell is sealed to allow finding time or the reducing of pressure to small part of subatmospheric enclosure, with the collector tank that is positioned at the gatherer enclosure, described collector tank is applicable to holds heat-transfer fluid;
Storage heater, it functionally connects with solar collector, be used for storing the heat-transfer fluid of the solar collector heating that is exposed to sunlight, wherein solar energy penetrates translucent or transparent surface, and described solar energy is absorbed on the solar absorption surface with the efficient of the sealing or the increase that shell was provided of finding time to small part, and described solar absorption surface is with the heat transferred heat-transfer fluid;
Heat exchanger, it functionally connects with storage heater, and is configured to be used to transmit heat from the heat of the heat-transfer fluid of storage heater or solar collector to external device (ED).
11. solar energy heat exchanger as claimed in claim 10, it is characterized in that described heat exchanger comprises heat-exchanging chamber, described heat-exchanging chamber is connected with the external device (ED) heat exchange, heat-exchanging chamber links to each other by service with storage heater, and described service provides the heat transmission from storage heater.
12. solar energy heat exchanger as claimed in claim 11 is characterized in that, heat-exchanging chamber is connected with storage heater by Returning pipe, and described Returning pipe is used for making heat-transfer fluid return storage heater after described fluid and external device (ED) exchange its heat.
13. as claim 11 or 12 described solar energy heat exchangers, it is characterized in that, heat exchanger also comprises the expansion chamber that links to each other with the heat exchange cavity, described expansion chamber is designed to allow heated fluid to expand when its temperature raises, thereby has kept the inner relatively stable and low hydrostatic pressure of heat exchanger.
14. as claim 12 or 13 described solar energy heat exchangers, it is characterized in that heat exchanger further comprises the pump that is connected with Returning pipe, to promote heat-transfer fluid from heat-exchanging chamber flowing to storage heater.
15. as each described solar energy heat exchanger among the claim 11-14, it is characterized in that, heat exchanger comprises the heat exchange chimney that links to each other with service, this service interconnects storage heater and heat exchanger, the heat exchange chimney is positioned at heat-exchanging chamber inside, to transport the heat-transfer fluid from storage heater.
16. as each described solar energy heat exchanger among the claim 10-15, it is characterized in that, storage heater comprises the accumulator chimney that links to each other with the supply line of the outlet that is connected to collector tank, accumulator chimney is positioned at storage heater inside, is used to transport the heat-transfer fluid from the outlet of collector tank.
17. as each described solar energy heat exchanger among the claim 10-16, also comprise the recirculation conduit that is connected between storage heater and the solar collector, be used to make heat-transfer fluid recirculation.
18. solar energy heat exchanger as claimed in claim 17, it is characterized in that, collector tank comprises the inlet that links to each other with recirculation conduit, and the outlet that connects with storage heater, described outlet is raised the recirculation that realizes the mobile and heat-transfer fluid process recirculation conduit that heat-transfer fluid exports from entering the mouth to the thermosyphon effect that utilizes the porch with respect to inlet.
19. solar energy heat exchanger as claimed in claim 18 is characterized in that, collector tank comprises a plurality of interior panellings, and described interior panelling is provided for supporting cavity and is directed to promote heat-transfer fluid from inlet flowing to outlet.
20. as each described solar energy heat exchanger in the claim 10 to 19, further comprise temperature control system, described temperature control system functionally is connected to heat exchanger, with the control heat-transfer fluid to the flowing of heat exchanger, thereby the heat exchange amount of control and external device (ED).
21. solar energy heat exchanger as claimed in claim 20, it is characterized in that, temperature control system comprises the control valve that links to each other with service, with the temperature sensor that links to each other with external device (ED), described temperature sensor functionally is connected to control valve, thus according to the temperature of external device (ED), control valve by throttling with control heat-transfer fluid mobile to heat exchanger.
22., it is characterized in that heat-transfer fluid is the liquid such as the mixture of ethylene glycol or water/ethylene glycol as each described solar energy heat exchanger in the claim 10 to 21.
23. a solar tracking device comprises:
Base portion, described base portion is suitable for installing solar collector;
Block parts, the described parts that block are connected to described base portion with fixing and predetermined angle;
A pair of light-sensitive element, described a pair of light-sensitive element are installed on the base portion and are positioned on other opposite side of branch that blocks parts; And
Transmission mechanism, it functionally is connected to described a pair of photosensitive part, and is in operation thus, and a pair of photo resistance is according to they be blocked degree of exposure with respect to sunlight of component controls, and drive transmission device is to realize moving of solar collector.
24. solar tracking device as claimed in claim 23 is characterized in that, described base portion is flat, and the described parts that block vertically are fixed to flat base portion substantially.
25. as claim 23 or 24 described solar tracking devices, it is characterized in that, block parts and comprise roughly straight lower part that is fixed to base portion and the top of extending from the lower part with the obtuse angle.
26. solar tracking device as claimed in claim 25 is characterized in that, top comprises reflecting surface in its lower section, and described reflecting surface in light-sensitive element.
27., it is characterized in that each light-sensitive element all adopts the form of photo resistance as each described solar tracking device among the claim 23-26.
28. solar tracking device as claimed in claim 27 is characterized in that, solar tracking device also comprises actuator circuit, and described actuator circuit has photo resistance, and this photo resistance is configured to drive transmission device according to its exposure with respect to sunlight.
29. solar tracking device as claimed in claim 28, it is characterized in that, actuator circuit comprises voltage comparator, described voltage comparator has respectively to be imported and reference voltage from the voltage of photo resistance, thereby the different voltages that are applied to the input of voltage comparator thus make voltage comparator conducting drive transmission device.
30. solar tracking device as claimed in claim 29, it is characterized in that, the output of voltage comparator is connected with transistor, described transistor AND gate relay is electrically connected and encourages this relay, thus, be applied to differential voltage on the voltage comparator and make comparator and transistor turns and closing relay, this provides power for transmission mechanism.
31. solar tracking device as claimed in claim 30 is characterized in that, relay comprises the electromagnetic relay that is connected with the normally opened relay contact.
32., it is characterized in that transmission mechanism adopts the form of drive motors as each described solar tracking device among the claim 28-31.
33. solar tracking device as claimed in claim 32 is characterized in that, drive motors is electrically connected to a pair of photosensitive part by actuator circuit.
34. as each described solar collector among the claim 1-9 with as the combination of each described solar tracking device among the claim 23-33, described solar tracking device is connected with solar collector, and be designed to solar collector is redirected so that solar collector with respect to the exposure optimization of sunlight.
35. the combination of solar collector as claimed in claim 34 and solar tracking device, it is characterized in that, solar tracking device is arranged to make solar collector to center on azimuth axis rotation, with sun-tracing effectively, and makes the exposure optimization of every day with respect to sunlight.
36. the combination of solar collector as claimed in claim 35 and solar tracking device further comprises, as each described additional solar tracking device among the claim 23-33, described additional solar tracking device is designed to allow solar collector to center on the rotation of height axis or tilts, so that the seasonal exposure optimization with respect to sunlight of solar collector.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2004904668A AU2004904668A0 (en) | 2004-08-17 | Solar collector | |
| AU2004904668 | 2004-08-17 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101137871A true CN101137871A (en) | 2008-03-05 |
Family
ID=35907171
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2005800354147A Pending CN101137871A (en) | 2004-08-17 | 2005-08-17 | Solar collector |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20080302354A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1794508A1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN101137871A (en) |
| IL (1) | IL181360A0 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2006017897A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101588147A (en) * | 2008-05-20 | 2009-11-25 | 鸿富锦精密工业（深圳）有限公司 | Solar energy collecting system |
| CN105008630A (en) * | 2013-01-22 | 2015-10-28 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | Construction element having a controllable heat-transfer coefficient U |
| CN106152545A (en) * | 2015-04-08 | 2016-11-23 | 林学军 | Multilamellar double-bin solar water heater |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102006010781A1 (en) * | 2006-03-08 | 2007-09-13 | Krinner Innovation Gmbh | Sun position tracking device for e.g. photovoltaic module, has driving motor for pivoting solar module around axis and elevation axis, where axes are driven, such that elevation axis is guided with respect to its inclination |
| ES2304211B1 (en) * | 2007-02-01 | 2009-05-22 | Manuel Lahuerta Romeo | SOLAR FOLLOWER OF THERMAL AND PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS WITH AIR DRIVING SYSTEM APPLICABLE TO BUILDINGS. |
| US7677242B2 (en) * | 2007-12-11 | 2010-03-16 | Lasen Development Llc | Solar-panel unit |
| US20090145425A1 (en) * | 2007-12-11 | 2009-06-11 | Lasen Development Llc | Photovoltaic panel and solar-panel unit made using photovoltaic panels of the same sort |
| US20110048502A1 (en) * | 2009-08-28 | 2011-03-03 | Tigo Energy, Inc. | Systems and Methods of Photovoltaic Cogeneration |
| US20110168162A1 (en) * | 2009-09-18 | 2011-07-14 | Bryan David Rogers | Inexpensive bi-axial sun tracker for solar concentrators |
| ITMI20100179A1 (en) * | 2010-02-05 | 2011-08-06 | Delmet S R L | METAL PROCESSING EQUIPMENT BY DIVING IN A PROCESS BATH |
| CN103930735B (en) * | 2011-09-21 | 2016-10-26 | 西安大略大学 | Sun tracker |
| PT106263A (en) * | 2012-04-19 | 2013-10-21 | Univ Lisboa | TRANSPARENT THERMAL SOLAR COLLECTOR OF LOW COST COUPLABLE TO THE FRONT SURFACE OF A STANDARD PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULE |
| CN112594948B (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2022-07-29 | 上海电力大学 | Nano-fluid micro-channel photovoltaic and photo-thermal integrated evaporator/heat collector |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2032095A (en) * | 1978-09-30 | 1980-04-30 | Anderson D C | A solar energy collector element |
| FR2447017A1 (en) * | 1979-01-19 | 1980-08-14 | Montloin Regis | Direct solar radiation measurement appts. - uses convex polyhedral support on tripod and carries photodetectors on each face |
| US4289113A (en) * | 1979-07-27 | 1981-09-15 | Whittemore Peter G | Evacuated flat-plate solar collectors |
| DE7935590U1 (en) * | 1979-12-18 | 1980-04-24 | Eckinger, Heinz, 2820 Bremen | ENERGY COLLECTING CELL |
| FR2492956A1 (en) * | 1980-10-29 | 1982-04-30 | Landex Ets | Large-evacuated solar heat collector panel - formed by flat box with glass surfaces and contg. finned tube coated with heat absorbing substance such as black chromium |
| GB9413496D0 (en) * | 1994-07-05 | 1994-08-24 | Best Frederick G | Solar collector |
| DE10047000A1 (en) * | 2000-09-22 | 2002-04-11 | Robert Mack | Evacuable flat solar collector |
| DE20103887U1 (en) * | 2001-03-06 | 2001-06-07 | Gab Ges Fuer Arbeits Und Beruf | Tracking device for concave mirrors |
-
2005
- 2005-08-17 EP EP05775500A patent/EP1794508A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-08-17 US US11/573,878 patent/US20080302354A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-08-17 WO PCT/AU2005/001236 patent/WO2006017897A1/en active Application Filing
- 2005-08-17 CN CNA2005800354147A patent/CN101137871A/en active Pending
-
2007
- 2007-02-15 IL IL181360A patent/IL181360A0/en unknown
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101588147A (en) * | 2008-05-20 | 2009-11-25 | 鸿富锦精密工业（深圳）有限公司 | Solar energy collecting system |
| CN101588147B (en) * | 2008-05-20 | 2012-10-10 | 鸿富锦精密工业（深圳）有限公司 | Solar energy collecting system |
| CN105008630A (en) * | 2013-01-22 | 2015-10-28 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | Construction element having a controllable heat-transfer coefficient U |
| CN105008630B (en) * | 2013-01-22 | 2018-05-11 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | Structural detail with controllable heat transfer coefficient U |
| CN106152545A (en) * | 2015-04-08 | 2016-11-23 | 林学军 | Multilamellar double-bin solar water heater |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20080302354A1 (en) | 2008-12-11 |
| EP1794508A1 (en) | 2007-06-13 |
| IL181360A0 (en) | 2007-07-04 |
| WO2006017897A1 (en) | 2006-02-23 |
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