CN101135501A - High-temperature solar thermal-collecting tube and manufacturing process thereof - Google Patents
High-temperature solar thermal-collecting tube and manufacturing process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101135501A CN101135501A CNA2006101120059A CN200610112005A CN101135501A CN 101135501 A CN101135501 A CN 101135501A CN A2006101120059 A CNA2006101120059 A CN A2006101120059A CN 200610112005 A CN200610112005 A CN 200610112005A CN 101135501 A CN101135501 A CN 101135501A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
- F24S10/40—Solar heat collectors using working fluids in absorbing elements surrounded by transparent enclosures, e.g. evacuated solar collectors
- F24S10/45—Solar heat collectors using working fluids in absorbing elements surrounded by transparent enclosures, e.g. evacuated solar collectors the enclosure being cylindrical
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S40/00—Safety or protection arrangements of solar heat collectors; Preventing malfunction of solar heat collectors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S40/00—Safety or protection arrangements of solar heat collectors; Preventing malfunction of solar heat collectors
- F24S40/80—Accommodating differential expansion of solar collector elements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S70/00—Details of absorbing elements
- F24S70/20—Details of absorbing elements characterised by absorbing coatings; characterised by surface treatment for increasing absorption
- F24S70/225—Details of absorbing elements characterised by absorbing coatings; characterised by surface treatment for increasing absorption for spectrally selective absorption
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
- F24S80/70—Sealing means
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
Abstract
A high temperature solar heat collecting tube and its producing technology mainly applies to tank type solar high temperature heat electric power generation field. The heat collecting tube includes external glass tube and coaxial metal internal tube, corrugated pipe with expansion compensation function is joined with the metal tube by connecting parts, the other end of the corrugated pipe is welded with metal-glass transition parts kovar ring, then the kovar ring is sealed-in with the glass tube, in order to protect glass and glass sealing-in part against radiation, a sunshade hood is mounted at the outer side of sealing-in part, a thin-wall lightproof ring is welded on the corrugated tube. The said glass tube is made of DM308; DM305 or DM320 molybdenum group glass, the kovar ring is made of 4j29 or 4j30 iron-nickel-cobalt low expansion alloy.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of high temperature solar high-temperature heat-collection pipe and manufacturing process thereof, be mainly used in the vacuum heat absorbing pipe of trough type solar power generation system, belong to solar energy heat utilization technical field.
Background technology
The trough type solar power generation system is a kind of typical high temperature helioplant, its utilization can be followed the tracks of the grooved parabolic mirror of the sun, the incident sunlight reflected is focused on the vacuum tube, the selective absorbing film of metal tube surface-coated absorbs sunshine heating intraductal working medium, produce HCS, the pushing turbine generating.At the beginning of the nineties, the LUZ company that the U.S. and Israel are set up has built up 9 groove type solar thermo-power stations, total installation of generating capacity 353MW solar thermal power generation unit, the experience of achieving success in succession in the desert, California.
Thermal-collecting tube generally by the metal tube that absorbs radiation coating and around the glass outer tube forms, vacuumize between glass tube and the metal tube with the minimizing heat loss, the about 4-6 rice of single thermal-collecting tube is long, and is assembled into 800 meters long wire solar heat absorber.Glass tube and metal tube are tightly connected mutually by glass-metal one transition piece.Because the situation of being heated when metal thermal coefficient of expansion different with glass and operation is different, wherein metal tube reaches about 400 ℃, and only 100 ℃ of glass tubes, so require expansion compensation between metal tube and the glass bushing.Generally alleviate vertical thermal expansion stress by metal bellows, the minority producer of countries such as this high-temperature vacuum heat-collecting tube manufacturing technology is only virtuous at present, Israel grasps.
Generally all adopt high borosilicate 3.3 glass in the solar thermal utilization, it is that a kind of low thermal expansion, high temperature resistant, light transmittance and chemical stability are all than higher glass, therefore be widely used in solar energy optical-thermal conversion field, but because its thermal coefficient of expansion is 3.3 * 10
-6K
-1, differ bigger with the thermal coefficient of expansion of metal, be difficult to realize matched seal, adopt transition sealing or thermal pressure sealing-in more.As the patent No. is that the patent of invention of CN1078569 discloses a kind of glass and metal technique for magnetic impulse hot-press sealing, and the employing aluminium wire is a scolder, by magnetic field impulse glass and metal fever press seal is connected together, and about 400 ℃ of sealing temperatures belong to non-matching pressure sealing-in.
The patent No. be CN1808015 patented invention a kind of solar energy heat collection pipe, the two-layer sealing of metal and glass sealing place, internal layer uses binding agent and sealant to be bonded and sealed, outer depended on pressure difference closely is pressed on leather cup on the glass tube, realizes two-layer sealing.
Owing to all adsorbing in the surface of solids or the body and dissolving a large amount of gas, absorption or dissolved gases will discharge in vacuum gradually when temperature raises, thereby cause vacuum to reduce even vacuum failure.In the paraboloid trough type solar power station, the temperature of metal inner pipe is more than 400 ℃ during high-temperature vacuum heat-collecting tube work, so the vacuum exhaust temperature of thermal-collecting tube will be higher than the gas that 400 ℃ of ability are got rid of body absorption more completely, thereby guarantee that thermal-collecting tube body when operate as normal no longer discharges gas in vacuum.Obviously the low method of sealing temperature is difficult to satisfy the requirement of heat-collecting pipe vacuum high-temperature exhaust air.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to: according to the service condition of high-temp solar heat collector in the groove type solar power station, a kind of high-temperature solar thermal-collecting tube and manufacturing process thereof are provided, can be good at solving the problem of high-temperature solar thermal-collecting tube glass-to-metal seal and sealing-in final vacuum high-temperature exhaust air, and technology is simple, cost is lower, practical, lay the first stone for building groove type solar power station.
To achieve these goals, technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of high-temperature solar thermal-collecting tube, outer glass bushing adopts Heat stability is good, high temperature resistant, high relatively borosilicate 3.3 glass of price to want cheap molybdenum group glass such as DM308, DM305, DM320 glass, pipe adopts stainless steel alloy in the coaxial metal, and the metal tube outer wall is coated with high temperature resistant alundum (Al cermet coating for selective absorption.Vacuumize between glass tube and the metal tube to reduce heat loss, bellows and metal inner pipe that connector will have the expansion compensation effect link together, and the other end of bellows and glass-metal transfer spare can cut down boxing and connect.Can cut down ring and adopt iron nickel cobalt low-expansion alloy such as 4j29 number or 4j30 alloy, matched seal is satisfied in metal and glass sealing, and utilizing diffusion furnace can cut down ring has purpose pre-oxidation, then itself and glass is carried out sealing by fusing in flame.Simultaneously for avoid parabolic mirror light reflex to glass-to-metal seal place, be set with thermal shroud in sealing-in place outside, welding also has a thin-walled shade on bellows.
Concrete manufacturing process content Description of the present invention is as follows:
Technology characteristics of the present invention is that the manufacturing process of high-temperature solar thermal-collecting tube follows these steps to finish:
1. the cleaning of glass tube: clean the inside and outside wall of glass tube with glass cleaner, clean up with ionized water again, oven dry then, temperature between 110 ℃-150 ℃, time 5-20 minute;
2. the cleaning of metal: cleaning part comprises metal inner pipe, bellows, connector, can cut down ring and shade, carry out mechanical cleaning earlier, use gasoline ungrease treatment in supersonic wave cleaning machine again, use acetone ungrease treatment in supersonic wave cleaning machine again, oven dry then, temperature between 110 ℃-170 ℃, time 5-20 minute;
3. can cut down ring annealing in hydrogen atmosphere annealing in process: can produce a large amount of bubbles when metal of handling without annealing in hydrogen atmosphere and glass head seal, air-tightness and mechanical strength have been destroyed, therefore need in high temperature, wet hydrogen to metal parts degas, decarburization, the annealing in hydrogen atmosphere annealing temperature must be higher than sealing temperature, temperature range is 970 ℃-1050 ℃, time 10-25 minute;
4. the metal tube outer wall plates alundum (Al cermet coating for selective absorption;
5. can cut down the pre-oxidation of the ring seal place of connecing: will adopt little reducing atmosphere N during oxidation
2+ H
2O+H
2, utilize diffusion furnace to be heated 750-850 ℃ and carry out about 5-15 minute;
6. sealing-in: on glass work lathe, utilize flame at protective atmosphere N on well-oxygenated metal and glass
2Under add heat-sealablely, the sealing-in mode adopts insertion, the sealing temperature scope is 900-1020 ℃, the time is between 15 seconds-60 seconds;
7. annealing: after the sealing-in and connect tailpipe and all will carefully anneal, with the thermal stress of elimination glass;
8. welding: comprise bellows and hide hot ring, connector and the welding that can cut down ring, connector and bellows, connector and metal tube that all adopt the soldering welding, the sealing-in place thermal stress that causes owing to local temperature difference when minimizing is welded as far as possible guarantees that vacuum pressure is lower than 10
-3Pa;
9. vacuum exhaust: delivery temperature will guarantee between 450 ℃-500 ℃ temperature retention time 50-80 minute.When pressure reaches 10
-3Just can lower the temperature sealed-off when being lower than 100 ℃ during pa gradually.
Glass adopts molybdenum group DM308, DM305 or DM320 glass among the present invention, Heat stability is good, and the hardness height, corrosion-resistant, and can make the glass tube of big caliber.
The thickness of sealing-in place metal oxide film has crucial effects to the air penetrability of closure, intensity etc.In order to reach the good wet of glass and metal, must carry out pre-oxidation treatment to metal.Traditional pre-oxidation mode adopts direct oxidation on flame when being exposed in the air pre-oxidation or sealing-in after the annealing.And metal pre-oxidation process of the present invention is convenient to controlled atmospher, temperature and time because the employing diffusion furnace is simple to operate, can well metal pre-oxidation and sealing-in be combined.
Described sealing-in mode adopts insertion, soon can cut down the ring seal place of connecing and insert the interior two-sided sealing-in of formation of glass tube walls or it is injected formation single face sealing-in in glass tube.As in embodiment 1, it is more identical than diameter glass tube to cut down ring diameter, can cut down ring in the sealed end turning-in, guarantees during sealing-in that wall energy closely is attached to the bent part that can cut down in the glass tube, thereby forms tight sealing-in, and can bear certain pressure.Can cut down ring and directly insert the bilateral sealing-in of part formation in the glass tube walls in embodiment 2, sealing strength is higher like this.
What the expansion compensation device used is bellows, and it can alleviate thermal expansion amount axial between glass outer tube and the metal inner pipe.
When high-temperature solar thermal-collecting tube moves in the groove type solar power station, the metal pipe-wall temperature is more than 400 ℃, and thermal-collecting tube has guaranteed that through the high-temperature exhaust air more than 450 ℃ the thermal-collecting tube tube wall can not cause vacuum failure owing to high temperature discharges gas, has prolonged service life.And glass and metal transfer part are heated and are broken because of radiation is the main cause that thermal-collecting tube is scrapped, so the present invention has not only installed thermal shroud outside pipe, but also designed flaring shade, it is slightly long that the length ratio can cut down ring, it can reflex to the light that comes from the parabolic reflector mirror on metal tube or the speculum again, thereby has guaranteed not raying of sealing-in place.
High-temperature solar thermal-collecting tube and manufacturing process thereof have many good qualities, and it adopts DM308, DM305 or DM320 glass, Heat stability is good, and the hardness height, corrosion-resistant; Sealing-in place has good infiltration in order to make glass and metal, adopts diffusion furnace to carry out pre-oxidation, the efficient height, and sealing-in is effective; Bellows can be alleviated the vertical thermal expansion amount between glass tube and the metal tube; The structure of shade and thermal shroud guarantees not raying of sealing-in place, thermal-collecting tube exhaust more than 450 ℃ make its at high temperature working vacuum can not lose efficacy, prolonged the service life of thermal-collecting tube.
Description of drawings
By accompanying drawing embodiments of the present invention are elaborated below.Wherein:
Fig. 1 is the thermal-collecting tube part sectioned view of the embodiment of the invention 1;
Fig. 2 is the thermal-collecting tube part sectioned view of the embodiment of the invention 2;
Fig. 3 A is the structure chart of shade;
Fig. 3 B is the expanded view of shade.
The reference symbol table
1 thermal-collecting tube
2 glass outer tubes
3 metal inner pipes
4 connectors
5 bellowss
6 can cut down ring
7 thermal shrouds
8 shades
9 connectors
10 connect the slit
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1:
Fig. 1 illustrates the end of thermal-collecting tube 1 with section.Thermal-collecting tube 1 comprises glass outer tube 2 and the coaxial metal inner pipe 3 that is positioned at glass outer tube 2, and metal inner pipe 3 adopts stainless steel alloy, and its skin is coated with high temperature resistant alundum (Al cermet coating for selective absorption.
Concrete technological process:
Glass outer tube 2 is selected the DM308 flint glass F for use in the present embodiment, and its thermal coefficient of expansion is 4.8 * 10
6K
-1, diameter is 90-150mm, wall thickness 1.5-4mm; Can cutting down ring, to select 4j29 alloy, its thermal coefficient of expansion for use be 4.7 * 10
-6K
-1, diameter 90-150mm, wall thickness 0.8-2mm;
1. glass tube is cleaned inside and outside wall with glass cleaner, clean up with ionized water again, then 130 ℃ of oven dry, 10 minutes time;
2. metal inner pipe 3, connector 4, bellows 5, shade 8 and connector 9 are carried out mechanical cleaning, use gasoline ungrease treatment in supersonic wave cleaning machine again, use acetone ungrease treatment in supersonic wave cleaning machine again, then 150 ℃ of oven dry 15 minutes.Can cut down ring 6 adopts hot-working to carry out cleaning, drying after turning-in is handled in sealing-in place;
3. can cut down ring 6 and in 1050 ℃ of wet hydrogen atmospheres, carry out annealing in hydrogen atmosphere annealing about 20 minutes;
4. metal inner pipe 3 outer walls plate alundum (Al cermet coating for selective absorption;
Can cut down the ring 6 knees carry out pre-oxidation, adopt little reducing atmosphere N
2+ H
2O+H
2, in diffusion furnace, be heated 750-850 ℃ and carry out about 5-15 minute;
6. the well-oxygenated ring 6 that cuts down is contained on the glass work lathe and feeds N
2Carry out atmosphere protection, utilize flame heat glass tube end, rapid cut down ring sweep with coaxial rotation inserts in the glass tube after glass is softening, continue heating glass outer tube 2 and can cut down ring 6 sealing-ins place, guarantee that flame temperature is between 900-1020 ℃, time is determined on a case-by-case basis, generally between 15 seconds-60 seconds;
7. annealing: will carefully anneal after sealing-in is good, after glass tube has connect tail pipe, also will anneal;
To bellows 5 with hide heat ring 8, connector 9 and can cut down ring 6 and bellows 5, connector 4 adopts soldering with the welding of metal tube 3 and bellows 5, guarantees that vacuum pressure is lower than 10
-3Pa;
9. after the welding of thermal-collecting tube two ends is finished, carry out vacuum exhaust, delivery temperature is 470 ℃, temperature retention time 70 minutes.When pressure reaches 10
-3Lower the temperature sealed-off when being lower than 100 ℃ during pa gradually.
Embodiment 2:
Fig. 2 illustrates the thermal-collecting tube part sectioned view of second embodiment with section.
Glass outer tube 2 is selected the DM305 flint glass F for use in the present embodiment, and its thermal coefficient of expansion is 4.9 * 10
-6K
-1, diameter is 90-150mm, wall thickness 1.5-4mm; Can cutting down ring, to select 4j30 alloy, its thermal coefficient of expansion for use be 4.8 * 10
-6K
-1, diameter 90-150mm, wall thickness 0.5-1mm; The thermal-collecting tube structure is similar to Example 1 substantially, and difference is that the metal-glass transition piece can cut down direct the insertion about the canals of stilling about 3-9mm in 2 ends of ring 6 employings, has so just formed two-sided sealing-in, has guaranteed sealing strength and leak rate.Can cut down ring 6 in addition and directly weld, not use connector with bellows 5.
Concrete technological process:
1. with embodiment 1;
With metal inner pipe 3, connector 4, bellows 5, can cut down ring 6 and shade 8, carry out mechanical cleaning earlier, use gasoline ungrease treatment in supersonic wave cleaning machine again, use acetone ungrease treatment in supersonic wave cleaning machine again, then 150 ℃ of oven dry 15 minutes;
3. with embodiment 1;
4. with embodiment 1;
5. cutting down ring 6 sealing-in place pre-oxidation, adopt little reducing atmosphere N
2+ H
2O+H
2, in diffusion furnace, be heated 750-850 ℃ and carry out about 5-15 minute;
6. the well-oxygenated ring 6 that cuts down is contained on the glass work lathe and feeds N
2Carry out atmosphere protection, utilize flame heat glass tube end, after glass softens to a certain degree, rapidly the cut down pipe pre-oxidation section of coaxial rotation is inserted in the glass tube walls, continue heating glass and can cut down ring 6 sealing-ins place, guarantee flame temperature about 900-1020 ℃, the time is determined on a case-by-case basis, generally between 20 seconds-60 seconds;
7. with embodiment 1;
8. bellows 5 is encircled 8, can cut down ring 6 and bellows 5 with hiding heat, connector 4 adopts soldering with the welding of metal inner pipe 3 and bellows 5, guarantees that vacuum pressure is lower than 10
-3Pa.
9. after the welding of thermal-collecting tube two ends is finished, carry out vacuum exhaust, delivery temperature is 460 ℃, temperature retention time 80 minutes.When pressure reaches 10
-3Lower the temperature sealed-off when being lower than 100 ℃ during Pa gradually.
Shade adopts the thin-walled aluminium sheet with highly reflective energy among Fig. 3 A, and its expanded view is shown in Fig. 3 B, and connecting slit 10 among the figure can be mechanical connection or welding.
Utilize reflexive property to calculate the physical dimension of needed shade according to concrete operation parameter, guarantee light radiation sealing-in place that it can blocking reflected comes, can realize again light being reflexed on metal tube 3 bodies as far as possible, thereby increase the heat absorption efficiency of endothermic tube.
Claims (4)
1. high-temperature solar thermal-collecting tube, comprise glass outer tube (2) and coaxial metal inner pipe (3), and bellows (5) with expansion compensation effect, connector (4) links together bellows (5) and metal inner pipe (3), the other end of bellows (5) and metal one glass transition piece can cut down ring (6) welding, can cut down ring (6) and carry out sealing-in with glass tube (2) again, thermal shroud (7) is sleeved on and can cuts down on the ring (6), on thin-walled shade (8) welding bellows (5).Described thin-walled shade (8) is characterized in that, shade (8) flue can reflex to light on the metal body.
2. by the described high-temperature solar thermal-collecting tube of claim 1, it is characterized in that metal inner pipe (3) adopts stainless steel alloy, its superficies are coated with high temperature resistant alundum (Al cermet coating for selective absorption.
3. by the described high-temperature solar thermal-collecting tube of claim 1, it is characterized in that this glass tube adopts DM308 number, DM305 number or DM320 molybdenum group glass, can cut down and adopt 4j29 or 4j30 iron nickel cobalt low-expansion alloy, glass-to-metal seal is matched seal.
4. by the manufacturing process of the described high-temperature solar thermal-collecting tube of claim 1, its technology characteristics is that manufacturing process follows these steps to finish:
1) cleaning of glass tube: clean the inside and outside wall of glass tube with glass cleaner, clean up with ionized water again, oven dry then, temperature between 110 ℃-150 ℃, time 5-20 minute;
2) cleaning of metal: cleaning part comprises pipe, connector, bellows in the stainless steel, can cut down ring and shade, carry out mechanical cleaning earlier, use gasoline ungrease treatment in supersonic wave cleaning machine again, use acetone ungrease treatment in supersonic wave cleaning machine again, oven dry then, temperature between 110 ℃-170 ℃, time 5-20 minute;
3) can cut down the annealing in hydrogen atmosphere annealing in process of ring: ring to degas, decarburization to cutting down in high temperature, wet hydrogen, the annealing in hydrogen atmosphere annealing temperature must be higher than sealing temperature, and temperature range is 970 ℃-1050 ℃, time 10-25 minute;
4) metal inner pipe outer wall plating alundum (Al cermet coating for selective absorption;
5) can cut down the pre-oxidation of the ring seal place of connecing: will adopt little reducing atmosphere N during oxidation
2+ H
2O+H
2, utilize diffusion furnace to be heated 750 ℃-850 ℃ and carried out 5-15 minute;
6) sealing-in: on glass work lathe, utilize flame at protective atmosphere N on well-oxygenated metal and glass
2Under add heat-sealablely, the sealing-in mode adopts insertion, the sealing temperature scope is 900 ℃-1020 ℃, the time is between 15 seconds-60 seconds;
7) annealing: all will carefully anneal after the sealing-in He after having connect tailpipe, to eliminate glass heat stress;
8) welding: comprise bellows and hide hot ring, connector and the welding that can cut down ring, connector and bellows, connector and metal tube that all adopt the soldering welding, the sealing-in place thermal stress that causes owing to local temperature difference when minimizing is welded as far as possible guarantees that vacuum pressure is lower than 10
-3Pa;
9) vacuum exhaust: delivery temperature will guarantee between 450 ℃-500 ℃, temperature retention time 50-80 minute, and when pressure reaches 10
-3Just can lower the temperature sealed-off when being lower than 100 ℃ during Pa gradually.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2006101120059A CN100513926C (en) | 2006-08-28 | 2006-08-28 | High-temperature solar thermal-collecting tube and manufacturing process thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2006101120059A CN100513926C (en) | 2006-08-28 | 2006-08-28 | High-temperature solar thermal-collecting tube and manufacturing process thereof |
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| CN101135501A true CN101135501A (en) | 2008-03-05 |
| CN100513926C CN100513926C (en) | 2009-07-15 |
Family
ID=39159725
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