CN101127753B - A channel estimation method applicable to multi-carrier system - Google Patents

A channel estimation method applicable to multi-carrier system Download PDF

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CN101127753B
CN101127753B CN2007101754966A CN200710175496A CN101127753B CN 101127753 B CN101127753 B CN 101127753B CN 2007101754966 A CN2007101754966 A CN 2007101754966A CN 200710175496 A CN200710175496 A CN 200710175496A CN 101127753 B CN101127753 B CN 101127753B
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channel
impulse response
effective diameter
energy
fourier transform
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CN101127753A (en
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张建华
张平
黄琛
孙霏霏
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Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications
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Abstract

The utility model discloses a channel estimation method which is suitable for multi-carrier multi-antenna systems, which comprises the following steps: extracting the received signals of pilot frequency locations at the receiving end and conducting a preliminary estimate of the channel to attain the initial channel time domain impulse responses of each antenna; inputting the initial channel time domain impulse responses into the energy compensation module to select the effective path, and conduct energy compensation for each effective path and eliminate the impacts on the channel estimation of the energy spreading due to virtual carrier waves, so as to achieve a more accurate time domain impulse response; implementing the Fourier transformation to achieve the response estimate of channel frequency domain.

Description

A kind of channel estimation methods that is applicable to multicarrier system
Technical field
The present invention relates to wireless communication field, the future mobile communication system of high-speed communication especially provides a kind of and has been applicable to multicarrier system, has been particularly useful for the high performance channel estimation methods of multiple-carrier multiple-antenna system.
Background technology
The development trend of future mobile communications business is the multimedia service of high-quality, and the requirement of cell throughout will be brought up to 100Mbps～1Gbps.Yet future mobile communications available spectrum resource is limited, and in order to realize the message transmission of high data rate on limited frequency spectrum resources, feasible way is exactly the higher new air interface technologies of the exploitation availability of frequency spectrum.
Multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) technology claims multi-antenna technology again, can obtain high spectrum utilization and diversity gain.The combination of Multiple Input Multiple Output and multi-transceiver technology, especially orthogonal frequency division multiplexi (OFDM), it is only linear with system bandwidth that it handles complexity.Receive increasing concern on the world in recent years, and will become the core technology of future broadband wireless communication systems physical layer.In multiple antenna multicarrier communication system, receiver must according to each that estimates transmit and receive antenna between the channel frequency domain characteristic just can finish the work of coherent detection.Precision of channel estimation is most important for the performance of multiple antenna and carrier system.In addition, because all transmitting antenna sends signal simultaneously continuously, what receive on reception antenna is aliasing from the signal of all transmitting antennas, and this has brought bigger difficulty to channel estimating.
In real system, for fear of the zone of roll-offing of filter frequency domain response signal is caused distortion, usually that the part carrier wave of transmission bandwidth is vacant as the protection frequency band.Owing to protect the existence of frequency range, destroyed the orthogonality of pilot tone, reduced channel estimating performance, and made some high performance channel estimation methods be difficult to adopt shortcut calculation, therefore need more rational pilot frequency sequence of design and more high-precision receiving terminal algorithm.At present, the channel estimation methods of the multiple antenna and carrier system under existing at virtual carrier mainly is based on the channel estimation methods of criterion of least squares (LS), and this method is based on the known situation of multidiameter delay, and needs matrix inversion to guarantee precision.The shortcoming of said method is the computation complexity height, can't satisfy the needs of practical application.
Summary of the invention
At the problem that exists in the above-mentioned channel estimating, the present invention proposes a kind of channel estimation methods that is applicable to multicarrier system, is particularly useful for multiple-carrier multiple-antenna system.The present invention can be good at compensating the energy leakage that virtual carrier brings, and effectively suppresses additive white Gaussian noise, thereby obtains better channel estimating performance.
The invention discloses a kind of channel estimation methods that is used for multiple-carrier multiple-antenna system, for the described system of multidiameter delay the unknown of channel, the method comprising the steps of:
(1) for n symbol, at first extract pilot signal, remove virtual carrier through behind the Fourier transform, obtain the pilot data on effective sub-carrier positions; Then pilot tone signal and the local pilot frequency sequence that receives is divided by; Next will carry out inverse fourier transform after the zero padding of virtual carrier position, obtain the channel impulse response of different antennae; At last according to the information of the different cyclic shifts position of transmitting terminal different antennae, the intercepting valid data, all the other position zero paddings calculate the initial value h that time domain channel is estimated on the every antenna 0(n);
(2) enter the energy compensating circulation module of time delay the unknown, in the l time circulation, detect the current residual channel impulse response h l(n), to find most powerful path (l=0 is an initial value), judge whether described footpath is effective diameter, if described footpath is an effective diameter, then the energy dissipation of described effective diameter is recovered, and the complex magnitude that is about to described footpath multiply by normalized energy dissipation penalty function, obtains the energy dissipation g in described footpath l(n), and remove the energy dissipation of described most powerful path the channel impulse response, obtain the current residual channel impulse response h from residue l(n)=h L-1(n)-g l(n), the while is the neotectonics channel impulse response more, Otherwise end loop;
Wherein, described normalized energy dissipation penalty function that is: is inserted the identical energy signal with effective sub-carrier positions, all the other position zero setting according to effective sub-carrier positions structure, by inverse fourier transform, carry out obtaining described normalized energy dissipation penalty function after the energy normalized;
(3) after the loop ends, analyze the initial value h of channel impulse response 0(n), will replace with corresponding structure channel estimating impulse response, obtain final channel impulse response h (n), obtain final frequency domain response estimation value H (n) through behind the Fourier transform less than the sampled point of threshold value.
Preferably, the set of all current most powerful paths is the effective diameter of experience channel between every pair of transmitting antenna, reception antenna, and its position is the channel multi-path time delay.
Preferably, whether the energy of current most powerful path or absolute amplitude maximum greater than setting threshold value, if greater than setting threshold value then be judged to effective diameter, otherwise is judged to non-effective diameter.
Preferably, described method is applicable to that the single-shot list is received, single-shot is overcharged or multiple single communication system of receiving.
The invention discloses a kind of channel estimation methods that is used for multiple-carrier multiple-antenna system, for the system of known channel multidiameter delay, described method comprises step:
(1) for n symbol, extract pilot signal, remove virtual carrier through behind the Fourier transform, obtain the pilot data on effective sub-carrier positions; Then pilot tone signal and the local pilot frequency sequence that receives is divided by; Next will carry out inverse fourier transform after the zero padding of virtual carrier position, obtain the channel impulse response of different antennae; At last according to the information of the different cyclic shifts position of transmitting terminal different antennae, the intercepting valid data, all the other position zero paddings calculate the initial value h that time domain channel is estimated on the every antenna 0(n);
(2) take out effective diameter according to known multidiameter delay, obtain the initial channel estimation of effective diameter
Figure GSB00000285555700031
And order
Figure GSB00000285555700032
Then enter the known energy compensating circulation module of time delay, end loop is jumped out circulation up to satisfying condition, complex magnitude with each effective diameter in each circulation multiply by normalized energy dissipation penalty function, the respectively mutual interference signal between the footpath that structure brings owing to energy dissipation is from the initial channel estimation of effective diameter
Figure GSB00000285555700033
In eliminate interference signal, and upgrade with this result
Figure GSB00000285555700034
Obtain effective diameter information more accurately;
Wherein, described normalized energy dissipation penalty function that is: is inserted the identical energy signal with effective sub-carrier positions, all the other position zero setting according to effective sub-carrier positions structure, by inverse fourier transform, carry out obtaining described normalized energy dissipation penalty function after the energy normalized;
(3) will
Figure GSB00000285555700035
Multiply by normalization coefficient, construct final time domain channel and estimate impulse response Obtain final frequency domain response estimation value H (n) through behind the Fourier transform.
Preferably, described method is applicable to that the single-shot list is received, single-shot is overcharged or multiple single communication system of receiving.
Preferably, normalization coefficient is determined according to propagation energy and energy proportion.
Preferably, the interference signal between each footpath of elimination is based on the serial interference delete method, perhaps based on the parallel interference delet method.
Preferably, it is current that loop ends condition is With last time circulation
Figure GSB00000285555700042
Difference less than setting thresholding.
System for channel delay the unknown utilizes the inventive method, can obtain multidiameter delay information accurately.And the present invention can be good at compensating the energy leakage that virtual carrier brings, and effectively suppresses additive white Gaussian noise, thereby obtains better channel estimating performance.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the block diagram according to the channel estimation methods of the scheme at channel delay the unknown of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the block diagram according to the channel estimation methods at the channel delay known solutions of the present invention.
Embodiment
According to the present invention, a kind of channel estimation methods that is used for multiple-carrier multiple-antenna system is provided, comprise concrete steps:
At transmitting terminal, preferably, select the long pilot tone of available subcarrier number for use, pass through inverse fourier transform again, obtain time-domain pilot signal, then the time-domain pilot signal on the every antenna is carried out different cyclic shifts and handle; Add Cyclic Prefix at last, form transmit frame with data symbol and send by transmitting antenna.
Preferably, normal amplitude-zero auto-correlation (CAZAC) sequence of using different skew phase places is as pilot tone, the cyclic shift number is selected the maximum possible figure place, i.e. the ratio of system subcarrier sum and number of transmit antennas, and guarantee that this cyclic shift number is greater than maximum multipath time delay.
At receiving terminal, at first extract the frequency domain received signal of pilot frequency locations, carry out preliminary frequency domain channel and estimate,, then first estimation channel is done inverse fourier transform virtual carrier local channel response zero setting, obtain the channel time domain impulse response of every antenna, next choose effective diameter, and carry out energy compensating, obtain time domain impulse response more accurately at every effective diameter, carry out Fourier transform at last, obtain final channel frequency domain response estimation.Its receiving terminal concrete steps are as follows:
System for the unknown of channel multi-path time delay:
(1) at first extracts pilot signal, remove virtual carrier, obtain the pilot data on effective sub-carrier positions through behind the Fourier transform; Then pilot tone signal and the local pilot frequency sequence that receives is divided by; Next will carry out inverse fourier transform after the zero padding of virtual carrier position, obtain the channel impulse response of different antennae; At last according to the information of the different cyclic shifts position of transmitting terminal different antennae, the intercepting valid data, all the other position zero paddings obtain the initial value h of the time domain channel impulse response of every transmitting antenna 0(n).
(2) detect the current residual channel impulse response h l(n) find current most powerful path, wherein l is a cycle-index, and l=0 is an initial value.
(3) judge that whether this footpath is effective diameter, if be effective diameter, enters step (4); Otherwise end loop changes step (7) over to.
Preferably, can be according to the energy of judging current most powerful path or absolute amplitude maximum whether greater than setting threshold value, if greater than set point then be judged to effective diameter, otherwise be judged to non-effective diameter.
(4) energy dissipation of this effective diameter is recovered, be multiply by normalized energy compensating function with the complex magnitude in this footpath.Preferably, available following sinc function:
Sinc l ( τ ) = sin ( ( τ - τ l ) × π × ( M / M ) ) ( τ - τ l ) × π τ ≠ τ l 1 τ = τ l
Wherein, τ lThe position of representing l bar effective diameter, M is effective sub-carrier number, N is the OFDM symbol lengths.Obtain the energy spread g in this footpath l(n).
(5) remove the energy spread of this most powerful path the channel impulse response from residue, obtain the current residual channel impulse response h l(n)=h L-1(n)-g l(n).
(6) neotectonics channel impulse response more,
Figure GSB00000285555700052
Wherein
Figure GSB00000285555700053
Be the initial value of structure channel impulse response, its each sampling point value is zero, and returns step (3).
(7) the initial value h of analysis channel impulse response 0(n), will replace with the structure channel estimating impulse response of response, obtain final time domain channel impulse response h (n), obtain final frequency domain response estimation value H (n) through behind the Fourier transform less than the sampled point of threshold value.
System for the known channel multidiameter delay:
(1) at first extracts pilot tone, remove virtual carrier, obtain the pilot data on effective sub-carrier positions through behind the Fourier transform; Then pilot tone signal and the local pilot frequency sequence that receives is divided by; Next will carry out inverse fourier transform after the zero padding of virtual carrier position, obtain the channel impulse response of different antennae; At last according to the information of the different cyclic shifts position of transmitting terminal different antennae, the intercepting valid data, all the other position zero paddings obtain the initial value h of the time domain channel impulse response of every transmitting antenna 0(n).
(2) take out effective diameter according to known multidiameter delay, obtain the initial channel estimation of effective diameter
Figure GSB00000285555700061
And order
Figure GSB00000285555700062
(3) complex magnitude with every effective diameter multiply by normalized energy dissipation penalty function, and the respectively mutual interference signal between the footpath that structure brings owing to energy dissipation is from the initial channel estimation of effective diameter
Figure GSB00000285555700063
The middle interference signal of eliminating is upgraded with this result Obtain the channel estimation value of effective diameter more accurately.
Eliminate the interference signal between each footpath,
Preferably, based on the serial interference delete method;
Preferably, also can be based on the parallel interference delet method.
(4) if satisfy the loop ends condition, then enter step (5); Otherwise, return step (3).
Preferably, it is current that loop ends condition is
Figure GSB00000285555700065
With last time circulation Difference less than setting thresholding;
Preferably, loop ends condition is to reach the cycle-index of setting.
(5) will
Figure GSB00000285555700067
Multiply by normalization coefficient, construct final time domain channel and estimate impulse response
Figure GSB00000285555700068
Obtain final frequency domain response estimation value H (n) through behind the Fourier transform.Wherein, normalization coefficient is the ratio of total sub-carrier number and available subcarrier number.
The present invention also is applicable to single-shot list receipts (SISO), and single-shot is overcharged (SIMO), multiple single (MISO) communication system of receiving.
Below with reference to accompanying drawing and with reference to specific embodiment the channel estimation methods that is used for multiple-carrier multiple-antenna system of the present invention is described.
With a typical multiple antenna and carrier system is the validity based on the channel estimation methods of energy compensating that example illustrates that the present invention proposes.The antenna configurations of supposing the system is 4 transmitting antennas and 4 reception antennas, i.e. N T=4, N R=4.Adopt the OFDM modulation system that whole bandwidth is divided into 512 subcarriers, i.e. N=512,300 effective subcarriers wherein for transmission pilot tone and data, i.e. M=300, all the other 212 subcarriers are virtual carrier.
At transmitting terminal, at first produce the long pilot frequency sequence of M=300, the zero padding of virtual carrier position; Carry out the inverse fourier transform conversion then, obtain time-domain pilot signal; Next the time-domain pilot signal on the every antenna is carried out N/N T=128 cyclic shift; Add Cyclic Prefix at last, form transmit frame with data symbol and send by transmitting antenna.
At receiving terminal, the channel estimation methods of all reception antennas is identical.At every reception antenna, at first extract pilot signal, remove virtual carrier through behind the Fourier transform, obtain the pilot data that M=300 is ordered on effective sub-carrier positions; Then pilot tone signal and the local pilot frequency sequence that receives is divided by; Next will carry out inverse fourier transform after the zero padding of virtual carrier position, obtain the channel impulse response of different antennae; At last according to the information of the different cyclic shifts position of transmitting terminal different antennae, intercept each transmitting antenna valid data respectively, all the other position zero paddings obtain the initial value of the time domain channel impulse response of every transmitting antenna
Figure GSB00000285555700071
T=1,2,3,4.Because the processing to the channel impulse response of every transmitting antenna is identical, following cyclic part is only handled at a transmitting antenna.
Fig. 1 is the block diagram according to the channel estimation methods of the scheme at channel delay the unknown of the present invention.Specifically, for the system of channel multi-path time delay the unknown, carry out following circular treatment:
In the l time circulation:
The first step: detect the current residual channel impulse response h l(n) find current most powerful path, wherein l is a cycle-index, and l=0 is an initial value.Judge whether this footpath is effective diameter,, entered for second step if be effective diameter, otherwise end loop.
Second step: the energy dissipation to this effective diameter is recovered, with the complex magnitude β in this footpath lMultiply by the energy spread g that normalized energy compensating function obtains this footpath l(n)=β l* Sinc l(τ).
Sinc l ( τ ) = sin ( ( τ - τ l ) × π × ( 300 / 512 ) ) ( τ - τ l ) × π τ ≠ τ l 1 τ = τ l
Wherein, τ lThe position of representing l bar effective diameter.
The 3rd step: from the residue channel impulse response, remove the energy spread of this most powerful path, obtain the current residual channel impulse response h l(n)=h L-1(n)-g l(n).Neotectonics channel impulse response more,
Figure GSB00000285555700081
Wherein
Figure GSB00000285555700082
Be the initial value of structure channel impulse response, its each sampling point value is zero.Change the first step then over to and continue circulation.
After the loop ends, analyze the initial value h of channel impulse response 0(n), will replace with the structure channel estimating impulse response of response, obtain final channel impulse response h (n), obtain final frequency domain response estimation value H (n) through behind the Fourier transform less than the sampled point of threshold value.
Fig. 2 is the block diagram according to the channel estimation methods at the channel delay known solutions of the present invention.Specifically, for the system of channel multi-path time delay the unknown, be example with scheme based on parallel interference deletion principle, concrete steps are:
The first step: take out effective diameter according to known multidiameter delay, obtain the initial channel estimation of effective diameter
Figure GSB00000285555700083
And order
Figure GSB00000285555700084
Second step: with the complex magnitude of every effective diameter
Figure GSB00000285555700085
Multiply by normalized energy dissipation penalty function, and, obtain mutual interference signal between each footpath each energy dissipation addition directly.
The 3rd step: from the initial channel estimation of effective diameter In deduct interference signal, upgrade with this result
Figure GSB00000285555700087
Obtain effective diameter information more accurately.
The 4th step:, then entered for the 5th step if cycle-index reaches the number of times of setting; Otherwise, returned for second step.
The 5th step: will
Figure GSB00000285555700088
Multiply by normalization coefficient N/M=1.7067, construct final time domain channel and estimate impulse response
Figure GSB00000285555700089
Obtain final frequency domain response estimation value H (n) through behind the Fourier transform
Typical urban district channel is adopted in emulation, footpath number L=6.Carrier frequency is 2GHz, and system bandwidth is 5MHz, and subcarrier spacing is 15kHz.When signal to noise ratio (snr) was 28dB, the mean square error (MSE) of the channel estimating of Unknown Channel time delay scheme can reach 10 -3, the MSE of the channel estimation methods of known channel time delay scheme can reach 4 * 10 -4, and the MSE that does not carry out the method for energy compensating only is 7 * 10 -2
Simulation result shows that this method can well be revealed the energy that virtual carrier brings and compensate, and improves precision of channel estimation.

Claims (9)

1. a channel estimation methods that is used for multicarrier system is characterized in that, for the described system of multidiameter delay the unknown of channel, described method comprises:
(1) for n symbol, at first extract pilot signal, remove virtual carrier through behind the Fourier transform, obtain the pilot data on effective sub-carrier positions; Then pilot tone signal and the local pilot frequency sequence that receives is divided by; Next will carry out inverse fourier transform after the zero padding of virtual carrier position, obtain the channel impulse response of different antennae; At last according to the information of the different cyclic shifts position of transmitting terminal different antennae, the intercepting valid data, all the other position zero paddings calculate the initial value h of time domain channel impulse response on the every antenna 0(n);
(2) enter the energy compensating circulation module of time delay the unknown, in the l time circulation, detect the current residual channel impulse response h l(n), to find current most powerful path, l=0 is an initial value, judges whether described footpath is effective diameter; If described footpath is an effective diameter, then the energy dissipation of described effective diameter is recovered, and the complex magnitude that is about to described footpath multiply by normalized energy dissipation penalty function, obtains the energy dissipation g in described footpath l(n), and remove the energy dissipation of described most powerful path the channel impulse response, obtain the current residual channel impulse response h from residue l(n)=h L-1(n)-g l(n), the while is the neotectonics channel impulse response more,
Figure FSB00000285555600011
Otherwise end loop;
Wherein, described normalized energy dissipation penalty function that is: is inserted the identical energy signal with effective sub-carrier positions, all the other position zero setting according to effective sub-carrier positions structure, by inverse fourier transform, carry out obtaining described normalized energy dissipation penalty function after the energy normalized;
(3) after the loop ends, analyze the initial value h of channel impulse response 0(n), will replace with corresponding structure channel estimating impulse response, obtain final channel impulse response h (n), obtain final frequency domain response estimation value H (n) through behind the Fourier transform less than the sampled point of threshold value.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the set of all current most powerful paths is the effective diameter of experience channel between every pair of transmitting antenna, reception antenna, and its position is the channel multi-path time delay.
3. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, whether the energy of current most powerful path or absolute amplitude maximum greater than setting threshold value, if greater than setting threshold value then be judged to effective diameter, otherwise is judged to non-effective diameter.
4. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described method is applicable to that the single-shot list is received, single-shot is overcharged or multiple single communication system of receiving.
5. a channel estimation methods that is used for multicarrier system is characterized in that, for the described system of known channel multidiameter delay, described method comprises:
(1) for n symbol, at first extract pilot signal, remove virtual carrier through behind the Fourier transform, obtain the pilot data on effective sub-carrier positions; Then pilot tone signal and the local pilot frequency sequence that receives is divided by; Next will carry out inverse fourier transform after the zero padding of virtual carrier position, obtain the channel impulse response of different antennae; At last according to the information of the different cyclic shifts position of transmitting terminal different antennae, the intercepting valid data, all the other position zero paddings calculate the initial value h of time domain channel impulse response on the every antenna 0(n);
(2) take out effective diameter according to known multidiameter delay, obtain the initial channel estimation of effective diameter And order
Figure FSB00000285555600022
Then enter the known energy compensating circulation module of time delay, end loop is jumped out circulation up to satisfying condition, complex magnitude with each effective diameter in each circulation multiply by normalized energy dissipation penalty function, the respectively mutual interference signal between the footpath that structure brings owing to energy dissipation is from the initial channel estimation of effective diameter In eliminate interference signal, and upgrade with this result
Figure FSB00000285555600024
Obtain effective diameter information more accurately;
Wherein, described normalized energy dissipation penalty function that is: is inserted the identical energy signal with effective sub-carrier positions, all the other position zero setting according to effective sub-carrier positions structure, by inverse fourier transform, carry out obtaining described normalized energy dissipation penalty function after the energy normalized;
(3) will
Figure FSB00000285555600025
Multiply by normalization coefficient, construct final time domain channel and estimate impulse response
Figure FSB00000285555600026
Obtain final frequency domain response estimation value H (n) through behind the Fourier transform.
6. method according to claim 5 is characterized in that, described method is applicable to that the single-shot list is received, single-shot is overcharged or multiple single communication system of receiving.
7. method according to claim 5 is characterized in that, normalization coefficient is determined according to propagation energy and energy proportion.
8. method according to claim 5 is characterized in that, the interference signal of eliminating between each footpath is based on the serial interference delete method, perhaps based on the parallel interference delet method.
9. method according to claim 6 is characterized in that, the loop ends condition is current
Figure FSB00000285555600031
With last time circulation
Figure FSB00000285555600032
Difference less than setting thresholding or reaching the cycle-index of setting.
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