CN101126848A - Liquid crystal display device with a light guide plate - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a liquid crystal display, which comprises a plurality of first pattern elements, a plurality of second pattern elements, and a plurality of first auxiliary electrodes and second auxiliary electrodes. The first and second pattern elements have opposite polarities in a same frame controlled by an inversion driving timing sequence, and each of the first and second pattern elements has a reflection region and a transmission region. The first auxiliary electrodes are connected with the first pattern elements, and the second auxiliary electrodes are connected with the second pattern elements, wherein each first pattern element and each second pattern element are at least partially surrounded by the second auxiliary electrode and the first auxiliary electrode to form a fringe electric field. The invention can provide stronger liquid crystal molecule tilting force by the fringe electric field effect generated by the different polarities of the auxiliary electrode and the pixel electrode so as to increase the effective area of the display area and effectively improve the whole light penetration rate of the liquid crystal display.

Description

LCD Monitor

technical field

The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display, especially a liquid crystal display with multi-domain alignment

Background technique

It is known that a negative type liquid crystal material with a negative dielectric anisotropy is used to form a liquid crystal alignment method of vertical alignment or homeotropic alignment. When no voltage is applied, the liquid crystal molecules are aligned vertically. Arranged in the form of substrates, it can provide good contrast (contrast) performance. However, in order to form a multi-domain splitting effect in a vertically aligned LCD, the matching structure may have some light leakage or insufficient multi-domain splitting configuration capability.

FIG. 1A is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the design of a known multi-domain vertically aligned LCD (multi-domain vertically aligned LCD; MVA LCD). As shown in FIG. 1A, bumps 106 are formed on the upper and lower substrates 102 and 104 respectively, and a vertical alignment film 108 covering the bumps 106 is formed on the upper and lower substrates 102 and 104, so that the vertically aligned liquid crystal molecules 112 When no voltage is applied, it has a pre-tilt angle that tilts in different directions, so as to control the tilt direction of the liquid crystal molecules 112 after the voltage is applied. After the voltage is applied, the liquid crystal layer can be divided into a plurality of liquid crystal micro-domains with different inclination directions, so as to effectively improve the viewing angle characteristics of the gray scale display states at different viewing angles. Furthermore, the domain boundary regulation structure for providing the pretilt angle is not limited to the convex body 106 , and a concave surface structure 116 may also be formed on the substrate 114 as shown in FIG. 1B .

As shown in Fig. 1A and Fig. 1B, although the method of forming convex body 106 or concave surface structure 116 can achieve the effect of manufacturing a plurality of liquid crystal micro-domains, however, in the state of no voltage (Voff), comparing the transmitted light _I1 and The optical path of I ₂ shows that the liquid crystal alignment is not completely vertical due to the domain boundary regulation structure, so the optical path of the transmitted light I ₂ passing through the tilted liquid crystal molecules will have redundant optical path difference (Δnd≠0) and cause light leakage. Therefore, it is necessary to eliminate the light leakage through the external compensation film to improve the contrast.

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing another design of a multi-domain vertical alignment liquid crystal display. As shown in FIG. 2 , the slit 206 formed on the transparent electrode 204 of the substrate 202 can control the tilting direction of the liquid crystal molecules 208 after voltage is applied. However, the way to form the slits 206 at the electrodes 204 must carefully consider the width of the slits 206 and the distance between the two slits 206 , otherwise the force generated by the slits 206 to make the liquid crystal molecules 208 fall is likely to be insufficient. Furthermore, the design of the slit 206 causes the energy of the liquid crystal molecules 208 to rotate in either direction to be equal, so that the alignment distribution of the liquid crystal molecules 208 in space produces discontinuous disclination. The misalignment defect region 210 is easily formed above the slit 206 and between the two slits 206 , thereby reducing the overall light transmittance.

On the other hand, when the liquid crystal display can only be used in the see-through mode, the backlight can only be used to display the picture. If it is under sunlight or strong ambient light, the user cannot easily Recognize the displayed image; on the contrary, when the liquid crystal display can only be used in reflective mode, because it can only be used under strong ambient light sources, clear images cannot be viewed after leaving the strong light source environment. Therefore, how to design a liquid crystal display that can utilize ambient light or backlight to display at the same time, and has a multi-domain alignment structure that avoids the above-mentioned known design defects is an important issue.

Contents of the invention

Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display, which can avoid the above-mentioned problems of the conventional multi-domain alignment design.

According to the design of the present invention, a liquid crystal display includes a plurality of first and second pattern elements, and a plurality of first and second auxiliary electrodes. The first and second pattern elements have opposite polarities under the same frame controlled by an inversion driving sequence, and each of the first and second pattern elements has a reflection area and a transmission area. A plurality of first auxiliary electrodes are connected to the first pattern element, and a plurality of second auxiliary electrodes are connected to the second pattern element, wherein each of the first and second pattern elements is respectively covered by the second and the first auxiliary electrodes It is at least partially surrounded to form a fringe electric field to generate a plurality of liquid crystal micro-domains with different tilt directions of liquid crystal molecules.

By virtue of the design of the present invention to form the auxiliary electrode with the inversion timing control mode, it is only necessary to form a pre-designed auxiliary electrode with a distribution pattern in conjunction with the general thin film transistor manufacturing process, so that the opposite polarity between the auxiliary electrode and the pixel electrodes it surrounds can be used Get multi-domain alignment effect. Compared with the known domain boundary regulation structure design using a bump or concave structure, in the present invention, each liquid crystal molecule is vertically aligned when no voltage (Voff) is applied, so no unnecessary optical path difference will be generated. ([Delta]nd=0) so that the light leakage phenomenon can be avoided. On the other hand, compared with the known method of forming slits at the electrodes, the present invention can provide a stronger liquid crystal molecule dumping force by virtue of the fringe electric field effect generated by the different polarities of the auxiliary electrode and the pixel electrode, so as to increase the display The effective area of the area can effectively improve the overall light transmittance of the liquid crystal display.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1A is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the design of a conventional multi-domain vertical alignment liquid crystal display.

FIG. 1B is a schematic cross-sectional view showing another conventional multi-domain vertical alignment liquid crystal display design.

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing another design of a multi-domain vertical alignment liquid crystal display.

3A and 3B are schematic diagrams showing a liquid crystal display according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein FIG. 3A is a schematic top view viewed from the normal direction of the array substrate, and FIG. 3B is a cut along the line AA' of FIG. 3A Expanded sectional view.

4A and 4B are schematic diagrams showing a liquid crystal display according to another embodiment of the present invention, wherein FIG. 4A is a schematic top view viewed from the normal direction of the array substrate, and FIG. 4B is along the BB' line of FIG. 4A Sectional view obtained by cutting and unfolding.

FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram according to another embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram according to another embodiment of the present invention.

12 to 15 are schematic diagrams showing variations of cutting designs of the pattern elements of the present invention.

Fig. 16 is a schematic diagram according to another embodiment of the present invention.

Symbol Description:

10 LCD display 12, 12A, 12B, 12C pattern components

121 transmission area 122 reflection area

14 scan lines 16 data lines

18 auxiliary electrodes 18A, 18B, 18C auxiliary electrode sections

20 array substrates 22 electrode slots

30 filter substrate 31, 32 transparent substrate

33 Color filter 34 Shared wiring

35 shared electrode 36 gate insulating layer

38 data lines 40 liquid crystal layer

42 capacitive electrode 44 protective layer

46 planarization layers 48 pixel electrodes

52 metal reflective electrode 58 pad layer

62 dielectric layer 102, 104 substrate

106 convex body 108 alignment film

112 liquid crystal molecules 116-face structure

202 substrate 204 electrodes

206 slits 208 liquid crystal molecules

210 Misdirection defect area

Detailed ways

3A and FIG. 3B are schematic diagrams showing a transflective liquid crystal display 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein FIG. 3A is a schematic top view viewed from the normal direction of the array substrate, and FIG. 3B is along A-A of FIG. 3A 'The section view obtained by line cutting and unfolding.

FIG. 3A is a schematic top view showing a plurality of picture elements 12 constituting the transflective multi-domain liquid crystal display 10 . In this specification, the term "pattern element" refers to the smallest addressable display unit (addressable display unit) in the display area of a liquid crystal display device. For example, in a color liquid crystal display device, each red (R), green (G), or blue (B) sub-pixel (sub-pixel) corresponding to a pixel is a pattern element.

As shown in FIG. 3A, a plurality of scan lines (scanline) 14 parallel to each other and data lines (data line) 16 parallel to each other are formed on an array substrate, and two adjacent scan lines 14 are orthogonal to two Adjacent data lines 16 define a pattern element distribution area. As shown in FIG. 3A , a plurality of pattern elements 12 are arranged horizontally (column direction) and vertically (row direction) to form a pattern element array. Each pattern element includes a transmissive region 121 and a reflective region 122 (the part shown by the hatched cross section), and the auxiliary electrode 18 and the electrode slit 22 are formed around the transmissive region 121 to produce a multi-domain alignment effect.

According to the design of this embodiment, in a row polarity inversion driving mode, the pattern elements 12A and 12B have positive polarity and the pattern element 12C has negative polarity. Therefore, when the auxiliary electrode section 18A on the right side of the transmissive region 121 of the pattern element 12C and the auxiliary electrode section 18B on the left side are respectively connected to the pattern element 12A and the pattern element 12B, the pattern element 12C with negative polarity and surroundings have The auxiliary electrode sections 18A and 18B with positive polarity have opposite polarity to generate fringe electric field (infringe field), so that liquid crystal molecules with negative dielectric anisotropy are rotated to a direction perpendicular to the direction of the oblique electric field, and the segmented Effect of liquid crystal microdomains with different tilt orientations. Furthermore, because the electrode slit 22 at the bottom side of the transmissive region 121 of the pattern element 12C can bring the fringe electric field effect, and the pattern element 12C (negative polarity) and the pattern element 12A (positive polarity) on the top side are also reversed. The polarity generates a fringe electric field, so the design of this embodiment can achieve the effect of dividing four liquid crystal micro-domains with different tilt directions.

The cross-sectional view of FIG. 3B clearly shows the film layer stack structure of a pattern element 12 and the relative arrangement of the matching auxiliary electrodes 18 . As shown in FIG. 3B , the transflective liquid crystal display 10 includes an array substrate 20 , a filter substrate 30 , and a liquid crystal layer 40 sandwiched between the array substrate 20 and the filter substrate 30 . The liquid crystal layer 40 adopts liquid crystal material with negative dielectric anisotropy, so that the liquid crystal molecules are vertical-aligned when no voltage is applied. In addition, a chiral dopant can be added to the liquid crystal layer 40 to accelerate the liquid crystal rotation and reduce disclination. In the filter substrate 30 , a color filter 33 and a common electrode 35 are formed on a transparent substrate 31 . In the array substrate 20, a first metal layer M1 is formed on a transparent substrate 32, and the first metal layer M1 defines common lines 34. A gate insulator layer 36 with dielectric effect is formed on the transparent substrate 32 and covers the first metal layer M1. A second metal layer (metal 2 layer) M2 is formed on the gate insulating layer 36 , and the second metal layer M2 defines the data line 38 and the capacitor electrode 42 . A passivation layer 44 and a planarization layer 46 are sequentially formed on the gate insulating layer 36 and cover the second metal layer M2. The transparent pixel electrode 48 and a third metal layer (Metal 3 layer) M3 are formed on the planarization layer 46, and the third metal layer defines the auxiliary electrode 18 surrounding the transparent pixel electrode 48 and the metal reflective electrode 52. The metal reflective electrode 52 is formed on part of the distribution area of the pattern elements to constitute the reflection area of the transflective liquid crystal display, and the distribution area of the transparent pixel electrodes 48 other than the reflection area constitutes the transmission area of the transflective liquid crystal display. According to this embodiment, the shared wiring 34 formed by the first metal layer M1 and the capacitive electrode 42 formed by the second metal layer M2 are both formed under the metal reflective electrode 52 to increase the aperture ratio, and the two are separated by the gate insulating layer 36. A storage capacitor (storage capacitor). The transparent pixel electrode 48 formed on the planarization layer 46 can raise its forming position to increase the aperture ratio. The auxiliary electrode 18 and the transparent pixel electrode 48 have opposite polarities to generate a fringe electric field, and the transmissive region and the reflective region have an electrode slit 22 to generate a fringe electric field.

4A and 4B are schematic diagrams showing a transflective liquid crystal display according to another embodiment of the present invention, wherein FIG. 4A is a schematic top view viewed from the normal direction of the array substrate, and FIG. 4B is along B-B of FIG. 4A 'The section view obtained by line cutting and unfolding. As shown in FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B , the auxiliary electrode 18 can be further extended to form an auxiliary electrode section 18C on the electrode slit 22 at the junction of the transmissive area and the reflective area, so as to further increase the force of pouring liquid crystal molecules and strengthen the alignment of the transmissive area 121 sex.

With the design of the present invention to form the auxiliary electrode 18 with the reverse timing control mode, it is only necessary to form a pre-designed auxiliary electrode 18 with a distribution pattern in conjunction with the general thin film transistor manufacturing process, and the auxiliary electrode 18 and the transparent pixel electrode 48 surrounded by it can be used The opposite polarity between them can make the transmissive area of the transflective liquid crystal display obtain the effect of multi-domain alignment. Compared with the known design using bump or concave structure, in the present invention, each liquid crystal molecule is vertically aligned when no voltage (Voff) is applied, so no redundant optical path difference (Δnd=0 ) to avoid light leakage. On the other hand, compared with the known method of only forming slits at the electrodes, the present invention can provide stronger liquid crystal molecular Pour power to increase the effective area of the display area and effectively improve the overall light transmittance.

FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view according to another embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 5 , the passivation layer 44 provided in the foregoing embodiments can be omitted, and a planarization layer 46 is directly formed on the gate insulating layer 36 and covers the second metal layer M2 . Moreover, as shown in FIG. 6 , the design of omitting the protective layer 44 can also be applied to the structure in which the auxiliary electrode segment 18C is formed on the electrode slit 22 .

FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view according to another embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 7, the protective layer 44 is formed on the gate insulating layer 36 and covers the second metal layer 42, and after the transparent pixel electrode 48 is formed on the protective layer 44, a pad layer 58 can be formed on the partially transparent pixel. On the electrode distribution area, a metal reflective electrode 52 is formed on the pad layer 58, so that different gaps can be obtained between the transmissive area and the reflective area of a liquid crystal cell.

FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view according to another embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 8 , a gate insulating layer 36 with dielectric effect is formed on the transparent substrate 32 . A second metal layer M2 is formed on the gate insulating layer 36 , and the second metal layer M2 defines the data line 38 . A passivation layer 44 and a planarization layer 46 are sequentially formed on the gate insulating layer 36 and cover the second metal layer M2. A third metal layer M3 is formed on the planarization layer 46 and defines the shared wiring 34 and the metal reflective electrode 52. The shared wiring 34 and the auxiliary electrode 18 form a storage capacitor, and the formation position of the shared wiring 34 is the same as the data line. 38 stacked to increase the aperture ratio. A dielectric layer 62 covers the shared wiring 34 and the metal reflective electrode 52 , and the transparent pixel electrode 48 and the auxiliary electrode 18 are formed on the dielectric layer 62 .

FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view according to another embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 9 , the shared wiring 34 may be formed of a transparent electrode and form a storage capacitor with the auxiliary electrode 18 . The formation position of the shared wiring 34 overlaps with the data line 38 to increase the aperture ratio. A dielectric layer 62 covers the shared wiring 34 and the transparent pixel electrode 48 , and the metal reflective electrode 52 and the auxiliary electrode 18 defined by the third metal layer M3 are formed on the dielectric layer 62 .

Furthermore, according to the design of the present invention, the size and distribution of the reflection area of the transflective liquid crystal display are not limited, but can be adjusted according to actual needs, and the auxiliary electrode 18 can be made of a transparent electrode as shown in Figure 10, or as shown in Figure 10 As shown in 11, it can be composed of reflective electrodes, and the reflective electrodes can be composed of the first metal layer M1, the second metal layer M2 or the third metal layer M3, and the reflective area of the transflective liquid crystal display can be adjusted arbitrarily. distributed.

12 to 15 show the design of cutting a pattern element into several sub-pattern elements according to the present invention. As shown in FIG. 12 to FIG. 15, the transmissive area 121 and the reflective area 122 can be selectively distributed in the sub-pattern element, and the distribution and position of the auxiliary electrode 18 and the electrode slit 22 can be changed arbitrarily,

It is only necessary to achieve the fringe electric field effect generated by surrounding the sub-pattern elements with different polarities. Furthermore, although the number of sub-pattern elements cut out in the figure is three, it is not limited and can be adjusted according to actual needs.

Fig. 16 shows another embodiment of the present invention. The auxiliary electrode 18 itself is a metal layer or is covered with a metal layer, so that the auxiliary electrode region has the function of a reflector.

The above description is only for illustration and not for limitation. For example, the invention can be applied to transflective or slightly reflective liquid crystal displays. Any equivalent modification or change made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention shall be included in the scope of the patent application, rather than limited to the above-mentioned embodiments.

Claims (24)

1. A liquid crystal display comprising: A plurality of first and second pattern elements, the first and second pattern elements have opposite polarities under the same frame controlled by an inversion driving sequence, and each of the first and second pattern elements has a reflection area and a transmission area; a plurality of first auxiliary electrodes connected to the first pattern element; and a plurality of second auxiliary electrodes connected to the second pattern element; Wherein each of the first and second pattern elements is at least partially surrounded by the second and the first auxiliary electrodes respectively to form a fringe electric field, so as to generate a plurality of liquid crystal micro-domains with different tilting directions of liquid crystal molecules. 2. The liquid crystal display as claimed in claim 1, wherein the transmissive region is at least partially surrounded by the first and the second auxiliary electrodes. 3. The liquid crystal display as claimed in claim 2, wherein each of the first and second auxiliary electrodes extends around at least part of the reflective region. 4. The liquid crystal display as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first and second auxiliary electrodes are transparent electrodes or reflective electrodes. 5. The liquid crystal display as claimed in claim 1, wherein each of the auxiliary electrodes is adjacent to at least one side of the transmissive area of each of the pattern elements. 6. The liquid crystal display as claimed in claim 1, wherein each of the pattern elements is separated into a plurality of sub-pattern elements via each of the auxiliary electrodes. 7. The liquid crystal display as claimed in claim 1, wherein each of the pattern elements is formed with at least one electrode slit, and the electrode slit separates each of the pattern elements into a plurality of sub-pattern elements. 8. The liquid crystal display as claimed in claim 7, wherein the electrode slits are formed in the reflection area and the transmission area of each of the pattern elements. 9. The liquid crystal display as claimed in claim 7, wherein the auxiliary electrodes are distributed on the electrode slits. 10. A liquid crystal display comprising: a first and a second transparent substrate facing each other; a liquid crystal layer interposed between the first and the second transparent substrate; a shared electrode disposed on the first transparent substrate; a first metal layer formed on the second transparent substrate; a first dielectric layer formed on the second transparent substrate and covering the first metal layer; a second metal layer formed on the first dielectric layer; a second dielectric layer formed on the first dielectric layer and covering the second metal layer; a third metal layer formed on the second dielectric layer, and the third metal layer defines a plurality of metal reflective electrodes; a plurality of pixel electrodes formed on the second dielectric layer; and a plurality of auxiliary electrodes, each of which is formed on the second transparent substrate and at least partially surrounds each of the pixel electrodes; Wherein when a voltage is applied between the common electrode and the pixel electrode, each auxiliary electrode at least partially surrounding each pixel electrode and the pixel electrode at least partially surrounded by the auxiliary electrode have opposite polarities. 11. The liquid crystal display as claimed in claim 10, wherein the third metal layer further defines a plurality of shared wirings, and the shared wirings and the auxiliary electrodes form a storage capacitor, and the auxiliary electrodes are formed by the auxiliary electrodes One of the first metal layer and the second metal layer is formed. 12. The liquid crystal display as claimed in claim 11, wherein the second metal layer defines a plurality of data lines, and the formation position of the shared wiring overlaps with the data lines. 13. The liquid crystal display as claimed in claim 11, further comprising a third dielectric layer covering the shared wiring and the metal reflective electrode, and the pixel electrode and the auxiliary electrode are formed on the third dielectric layer. 14. The liquid crystal display as claimed in claim 10, wherein the first metal layer further defines a plurality of shared wires, and the shared wires and the second metal layer form a storage capacitor. 15. The liquid crystal display as claimed in claim 14, wherein the shared wiring is formed in a projection area of the metal reflective electrode on the second transparent substrate. 16. The liquid crystal display as claimed in claim 10 , further comprising a plurality of shared wirings formed on the second dielectric layer, said shared wirings being formed of transparent electrodes and forming a storage capacitor with said auxiliary electrodes . 17. The liquid crystal display as claimed in claim 16, wherein the second metal layer defines a plurality of data lines, and the formation position of the shared wiring overlaps with the data lines. 18. The liquid crystal display as claimed in claim 16, further comprising a third dielectric layer covering the shared wiring and the pixel electrode, and the metal reflective electrode and the auxiliary electrode are formed on the third dielectric layer. 19. A liquid crystal display comprising: a first and a second transparent substrate facing each other; a liquid crystal layer interposed between the first and the second transparent substrate; a shared electrode disposed on the first transparent substrate; a first metal layer formed on the second transparent substrate; a gate insulating layer formed on the second transparent substrate and covering the first metal layer; a second metal layer formed on the gate insulating layer; a protective layer, formed on the gate insulating layer and covering the second metal layer; a plurality of pixel electrodes formed on the protection layer; a pad layer formed on part of the pixel electrode distribution area; a plurality of metal reflective electrodes formed on the pad layer; and a plurality of auxiliary electrodes formed on the pad layer and each of the auxiliary electrodes at least partially surrounds each of the pixel electrodes; Wherein when a voltage is applied between the common electrode and the pixel electrode, each auxiliary electrode at least partially surrounding each pixel electrode and the pixel electrode at least partially surrounded by the auxiliary electrode have opposite polarities. 20. A liquid crystal display comprising: A plurality of first and second pattern elements, the first and second pattern elements have opposite polarities under the same frame controlled by an inversion driving sequence, and each of the first pattern elements has a shape extending adjacent to each of the second pattern elements A first extension portion of at least one side of the pattern element, and each of the second pattern elements has a second extension portion extending adjacent to at least one side of each of the first pattern elements. 21. A liquid crystal display comprising: a first and a second transparent substrate facing each other; a liquid crystal layer interposed between the first and the second transparent substrate; a shared electrode disposed on the first transparent substrate; a first metal layer formed on the second transparent substrate; a first dielectric layer formed on the second transparent substrate and covering the first metal layer; a second metal layer formed on the first dielectric layer; a second dielectric layer formed on the first dielectric layer and covering the second metal layer; a plurality of pixel electrodes formed on the second dielectric layer; and a plurality of auxiliary electrodes, each of which is formed on the second transparent substrate and at least partially surrounds each of the pixel electrodes; Wherein when a voltage is applied between the common electrode and the pixel electrode, each auxiliary electrode at least partially surrounding each pixel electrode and the pixel electrode at least partially surrounded by the auxiliary electrode have opposite polarities. 22. The liquid crystal display as claimed in claim 21, further comprising a third metal layer, and the third metal layer is formed on the second dielectric layer. 23. The liquid crystal display as claimed in claim 22, wherein the auxiliary electrode is formed by at least one of the first metal layer, the second metal layer, the third metal layer and the pixel electrode. 24. The liquid crystal display as claimed in claim 22 , further comprising a plurality of metal reflective electrodes formed on the second transparent substrate, and the metal reflective electrodes are composed of the first metal layer, the second metal layer, the third One of the metal layers is formed.

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