LCD
Technical field
The invention relates to a kind of LCD, the LCD of particularly a kind of tool multiple domain orientation
Background technology
The known dielectric anisotropy (dielectric anisotropy) of utilizing is negative negative type liquid crystal material, constitute the LCD alignment mode of vertical orientation (vertical alignment) or Equidirectional type orientation (homeotropic alignment), liquid crystal molecule was not arranged in the vertical substrate mode when cause applied voltage, so good contrast (contrast) performance can be provided.Yet vertical orientation type liquid crystal display (verticallyaligned LCD) is for forming the multiple domain segmentation effect usually, and the structure that it mated has a little light leak or multiple domain is cut apart the situation that disposes scarce capacity.
Figure 1A is a diagrammatic cross-section, shows a known multi-domain vertical alignment liquid crystal displays (multi-domainvertically aligned LCD; MVA LCD) design.Shown in Figure 1A, it is to form convex body (bump) 106 respectively on upper and lower substrate 102,104, form the vertical orientation film 108 that covers convex body (bump) 106 on it again, the tilt angle (pre-tilt angle) that the liquid crystal molecule 112 of vertical orientation is had tilt towards different directions when not applying voltage applies liquid crystal molecule 112 vergence directions behind the voltage so as to control.After applying voltage, liquid crystal layer promptly may be partitioned into the little territory of liquid crystal of the different vergence directions of a plurality of tools respectively, with the viewing angle characteristic under the GTG show state of the different viewing angles of effective improvement.Moreover, be not defined as convex body 106 as border, the territory regulation structure (regulation structure) that tilt angle is provided, also can shown in Figure 1B, on substrate 114, form concave structure 116 and also can.
Shown in Figure 1A and Figure 1B, though formation convex body 106 or concave structure 116 modes can reach the effect of making the little territory of a plurality of liquid crystal, yet, under the state that does not apply voltage (Voff), relatively penetrate light I
1And I
2Light path as can be known, be not fully vertical because of this border, territory regulation structure can cause LCD alignment, thus the inclination liquid crystal molecule of passing through penetrate light I
2Light path can have unnecessary light path difference (Δ nd ≠ 0) and cause light leak.Therefore, needing to see through the outer compensate film mode of pasting in addition eliminates light leak to improve contrast.
Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic cross-section, shows the design of another multi-domain vertical alignment liquid crystal displays.As shown in Figure 2, be used in formed cracking (slit) 206 on the transparency electrode 204 of substrate 202, the toppling direction of may command liquid crystal molecule 208 after applying voltage.Yet, form 206 the mode of cracking in electrode 204 places, must think over 206 width and two that the crack distance between 206 or the like of cracking own, otherwise to produce the strength that liquid crystal molecule 208 is toppled over not enough easily by cracking 206.Moreover, crack 206 design of this formation, the energy that causes liquid crystal molecule 208 to rotate toward left and right sides either directions equates, produces discontinuous misorientation defective (disclination) and the orientation of liquid crystal molecule 208 in the space distributed.This misorientation defect area 210 cracks in 206 tops and two of cracking 206 and forms all easily, and reduces whole light transmittance.
On the other hand, when LCD only can be used in when penetrating pattern, because of can only merely using backlight to come display frame, if in the sun or under the strong environment light source, because of external light source disturbs, the user can't pick out show image easily; Otherwise, when LCD only can be used in reflective-mode,, after leaving this strong lighting environment, promptly can't watch out image clearly because of only under strong environment light source, using.Therefore, how designing one and can utilize surround lighting or demonstration backlight simultaneously and have the LCD of the multiple domain alignment structure of avoiding above-mentioned known design shortcoming, is an important topic in fact.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, purpose of the present invention is providing a kind of LCD, and it can avoid the variety of problems of above-mentioned known multiple domain orientation design.
According to design of the present invention, a kind of LCD comprise a plurality of first and second pattern elements, with a plurality of first and second auxiliary electrodes.First and second pattern elements has opposite polarity under the same picture of an inversion driving sequential control, and respectively this first and second pattern elements all has an echo area and a transmission area.A plurality of first auxiliary electrodes connect described first pattern elements, and a plurality of second auxiliary electrodes connect described second pattern elements, wherein respectively this first and second pattern elements respectively by this second and this first auxiliary electrode to small part around to form fringe field, to produce the little territory of liquid crystal of the different liquid crystal molecules tilt directions of a plurality of tools.
Form the design of auxiliary electrode by the present invention's inversion timing control model of arranging in pairs or groups, the general thin film transistor (TFT) processing procedure of only need arranging in pairs or groups forms the auxiliary electrode that a distribution mode designs in advance more in addition, can utilize the opposite polarity between the pixel electrode that auxiliary electrode and its center on to obtain multiple domain orientation effect.Compare with known border, the territory regulation structural design of convex body (bump) or concave structure of utilizing, the present invention's each liquid crystal molecule under the state that does not apply voltage (Voff) all is vertical orientation, can avoid light leakage phenomena to produce so can not produce unnecessary light path difference (Δ nd=0).On the other hand, with be known in the electrode place and form the mode crack and compare, the present invention is by the fringe field effect that opposed polarity produced of auxiliary electrode and pixel electrode, can provide stronger lqiuid crystal molecule tipping strength, to increase the viewing area useful area and effectively to promote the whole light transmittance of LCD.
Description of drawings
Figure 1A is a diagrammatic cross-section, shows the design of a known multi-domain vertical alignment liquid crystal displays.
Figure 1B is a diagrammatic cross-section, shows the design of another known multi-domain vertical alignment liquid crystal displays.
Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic cross-section, shows the design of another multi-domain vertical alignment liquid crystal displays.
Fig. 3 A and Fig. 3 B are according to one embodiment of the invention, show the synoptic diagram of a LCD, and wherein Fig. 3 A is the diagrammatic top view of observing from the array base palte normal direction, and Fig. 3 B be the sectional view that A-A ' the line cutting expansion along Fig. 3 A gets.
Fig. 4 A and Fig. 4 B are according to another embodiment of the present invention, show the synoptic diagram of a LCD, and wherein Fig. 4 A is the diagrammatic top view of observing from the array base palte normal direction, and Fig. 4 B be the sectional view that B-B ' the line cutting expansion along Fig. 4 A gets.
Fig. 5 is the diagrammatic cross-section according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the diagrammatic cross-section according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is the diagrammatic cross-section according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is the diagrammatic cross-section according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is the diagrammatic cross-section according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 10 is the synoptic diagram according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 11 is the synoptic diagram according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 12 to Figure 15 is a synoptic diagram, shows the variation example of pattern elements cutting design of the present invention.
Figure 16 is the synoptic diagram according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Symbol description:
10 LCD 12,12A, 12B, 12C pattern elements
121 transmission areas, 122 echo areas
14 sweep traces, 16 data lines
18 auxiliary electrode 18A, 18B, 18C auxiliary electrode section
20 array base paltes, 22 electrodes crack
30 filter sheet base plates, 31,32 transparency carriers
33 colored filters, 34 shared wiring
35 shared electrode, 36 gate insulators
38 data lines, 40 liquid crystal layers
42 capacitance electrodes, 44 protective seams
46 planarization layers, 48 pixel electrodes
52 metallic reflection electrodes, 58 bed hedgehopping layers
62 dielectric layers, 102,104 substrates
106 convex bodys, 108 alignment films
116 structures of 112 liquid crystal molecules
202 substrates, 204 electrodes
206 208 liquid crystal molecules that crack
210 misorientation defect areas
Embodiment
Fig. 3 A and Fig. 3 B are according to one embodiment of the invention, show the synoptic diagram of a semi-permeable LCD device 10, and wherein Fig. 3 A is the diagrammatic top view of observing from the array base palte normal direction, and Fig. 3 B be the sectional view that A-A ' the line cutting expansion along Fig. 3 A gets.
The diagrammatic top view of Fig. 3 A shows a plurality of pattern elements 12 (picture element) that constitute this half-penetration type multi-domain liquid crystal display device 10.In this instructions, " pattern elements " term is meant the minimum addressing display unit (addressable display unit) in the viewing area of a liquid crystal indicator.For example, in a color liquid crystal display arrangement, each redness (R) of a corresponding pixel, green (G) or blue (B) sub-pixel (sub-pixel) are a pattern elements.
As shown in Figure 3A, on array basal plate, be formed with sweep trace (scanline) 14 that a plurality of roads are parallel to each other and the data line (data line) 16 that is parallel to each other, and two adjacent sweep traces 14 are orthogonal to two adjacent data lines 16 and define pattern elements distributed areas.As shown in Figure 3A, a plurality of pattern elements 12 are arranged along horizontal (column direction) and vertical (line direction) simultaneously and are constituted a pattern elements array.Each pattern elements all comprises a transmission area 121 and echo area 122 (part shown in the section hachure), and is formed with auxiliary electrode 18 and electrode arround the transmission area 121 and cracks and 22 produce multiple domain orientation effect so as to collocation.
Design according to present embodiment, under a row reversal of poles (row polarity inversion) drive pattern, own tool positive polarity of pattern elements 12A and pattern elements 12B (positive polarity) and the own tool negative polarity of pattern elements 12C (negative polarity).Therefore, auxiliary electrode section 18B when auxiliary electrode section 18A that is arranged at pattern elements 12C transmission area 121 right sides and left side, when being connected to pattern elements 12A and pattern elements 12B respectively, auxiliary electrode section 18A, the 18B of tool positive polarity promptly produced fringe field (infringe field) because of the tool opposite polarity around tool negative polarity pattern elements 12C reached, the anisotropic liquid crystal molecule of the negative dielectric of tool is pointed to rotate to be the direction vertical with the tilting electric field direction, acquisition is partitioned into the effect in the little territory of liquid crystal of different vergence directions.Moreover, because of cracking, the electrode that is positioned at transmission area 121 bottom sides of pattern elements 12C 22 itself can bring the fringe field effect, and between the pattern elements 12A (positive polarity) of pattern elements 12C (negative polarity) and its top side also because of opposite polarity produces fringe field, so the design of present embodiment can obtain to be partitioned into the effect in the little territory of liquid crystal of four tools difference vergence directions.
The relative configuration of the rete stack architecture of the clear demonstration of the sectional view of Fig. 3 B one pattern elements 12 and the auxiliary electrode 18 of collocation.Shown in Fig. 3 B, semi-permeable LCD device 10 comprises array basal plate 20, a filter sheet base plate 30 and is located in array base palte 20 and the liquid crystal layer 40 of 30 of filter sheet base plates.Liquid crystal layer 40 adopts negative dielectric anisotropy (negative dielectric anisotropy) liquid crystal material, makes that liquid crystal molecule is vertical orientation (vertical-aligned) when not applying voltage.In addition, can add in the liquid crystal layer 40 to help and revolve adulterant (chiral dopant), to quicken the liquid crystal rotation and to reduce misorientation defective (disclination).In filter sheet base plate 30, colored filter 33 and is shared electrode (commonelectrode) 35 and is formed on the transparency carrier 31.In array base palte 20, a first metal layer (metal 1 layer) M1 is formed on the transparency carrier 32, and this first metal layer M1 defines shared wiring (common lines) 34.The gate insulator of one tool dielectric effect (gate insulatorlayer) 36 is formed on the transparency carrier 32 and covers the first metal layer M1.One second metal level (metal 2layer) M2 is formed on the gate insulator 36, and this second metal level M2 defines data line 38 and capacitance electrode 42.One protective seam 44 and a planarization layer 46 are formed on the gate insulator 36 in regular turn and cover the second metal level M2.Transparent pixels electrode 48 and one the 3rd metal level (Metal 3 layer) M3 is formed on the planarization layer 46, and the 3rd metal level defines auxiliary electrode 18 around transparent pixels electrode 48, and metallic reflection electrode 52.Metallic reflection electrode 52 is formed on the part pattern elements distributed areas, and with the echo area of formation semi-permeable LCD device, and transparent pixels electrode 48 distributed areas except that this echo area promptly constitute the transmission area of semi-permeable LCD device.According to present embodiment, the capacitance electrode 42 that the shared wiring 34 that the first metal layer M1 constitutes and the second metal level M2 constitute all is formed at metallic reflection electrode 52 belows with the raising aperture opening ratio, and barrier utmost point insulation course 36 constitutes storage capacitors (storagecapacitor) between the two.But transparent pixels electrode 48 is formed on the planarization layer 46 bed hedgehopping, and it forms position to improve aperture opening ratio.Auxiliary electrode 18 has opposite polarity and can produce fringe field with transparent pixels electrode 48, and has an electrode between transmission area and echo area and crack 22 to produce fringe field.
Fig. 4 A and Fig. 4 B are according to another embodiment of the present invention, show the synoptic diagram of a semi-permeable LCD device, and wherein Fig. 4 A is the diagrammatic top view of observing from the array base palte normal direction, and Fig. 4 B be the sectional view that B-B ' the line cutting expansion along Fig. 4 A gets.Shown in Fig. 4 A and Fig. 4 B, auxiliary electrode 18 can extend to form electrode that an auxiliary electrode section 18C has a common boundary in transmission area and echo area in addition and crack on 22, topples over liquid crystal molecule strength to strengthen the regiospecific of transmission area 121 so as to further raising.
Form the design of auxiliary electrode 18 by the present invention's inversion timing control model of arranging in pairs or groups, the general thin film transistor (TFT) processing procedure of only need arranging in pairs or groups forms the auxiliary electrode 18 that a distribution mode designs in advance more in addition, can utilize the opposite polarity of 48 at transparent pixels electrode that auxiliary electrode 18 and its centered on, can make the transmission area of a semi-permeable LCD device obtain the effect of multiple domain orientation.Utilize the design of convex body (bump) or concave structure to compare with known, the present invention's each liquid crystal molecule under the state that does not apply voltage (Voff) all is vertical orientation, can avoid light leakage phenomena to produce so can not produce unnecessary light path difference (Δ nd=0).On the other hand, compare with the known mode of cracking that only forms in the electrode place, the present invention is by the fringe field that opposite polarity produced of 48 of auxiliary electrode 18 and its pixel electrodes that is centered on, can provide stronger lqiuid crystal molecule tipping strength, to increase the viewing area useful area and effectively to promote whole light transmittance.
Fig. 5 is the diagrammatic cross-section according to another embodiment of the present invention.As shown in Figure 5, the protective seam 44 that is provided with in previous embodiment can omit, and directly forms planarization layer 46 on gate insulator 36 and cover the second metal level M2.Moreover as shown in Figure 6, the design of omitting protective seam 44 can apply to electrode equally and crack and be formed with the structure of auxiliary electrode section 18C on 22.
Fig. 7 is the diagrammatic cross-section according to another embodiment of the present invention.As shown in Figure 7; protective seam 44 is formed on the gate insulator 36 and covers second metal level 42; and after transparent pixels electrode 48 is formed on this protective seam 44; one bed hedgehopping layer 58 can be formed on the partially transparent pixel electrode distributed areas; metallic reflection electrode 52 is formed on this bed hedgehopping layer 58, the transmission area of a liquid crystal cells like this and echo area can obtain different gap again.
Fig. 8 is the diagrammatic cross-section according to another embodiment of the present invention.As shown in Figure 8, the gate insulator 36 of a tool dielectric effect is formed on the transparency carrier 32.One second metal level M2 is formed on the gate insulator 36, and this second metal level M2 defines data line 38.One protective seam 44 and a planarization layer 46 are formed on the gate insulator 36 in regular turn and cover the second metal level M2.One the 3rd metal level M3 is formed on the planarization layer 46 and defines shared wiring 34 and metallic reflection electrode 52, and shared wiring 34 constitutes a storage capacitors with auxiliary electrode 18, and the formation position of shared wiring 34 is superimposed with the raising aperture opening ratio with data line 38.One dielectric layer 62 covers shared wiring 34 and metallic reflection electrodes 52, and transparent pixels electrode 48 and auxiliary electrode 18 are formed on this dielectric layer 62.
Fig. 9 is the diagrammatic cross-section according to another embodiment of the present invention.As shown in Figure 9, shared wiring 34 can be constituted and constituted a storage capacitors with described auxiliary electrode 18 by transparency electrode.The formation position of shared wiring 34 and data line 38 are superimposed to improve aperture opening ratio.One dielectric layer 62 covers shared wiring 34 and transparent pixels electrode 48, and is formed on this dielectric layer 62 by metallic reflection electrode 52 and the auxiliary electrode 18 that the 3rd metal level M3 defines.
Moreover, according to design of the present invention, the size and the distribution of the echo area of semi-permeable LCD device do not limit, and visual actual needs adjustment, and auxiliary electrode 18 can be made of transparency electrode as shown in figure 10, or as shown in figure 11 by reflecting electrode constitute all can, and reflecting electrode can by the first metal layer M1, the second metal level M2 or the 3rd metal level M3 constitute all can, and the echo area that can change the allotment semi-permeable LCD device whereby arbitrarily distributes.
Figure 12 to Figure 15 shows that the present invention is cut into several sub pattern circuit elements design with a pattern elements.To shown in Figure 15, transmission area 121 and echo area 122 alternatives are distributed in this sub pattern element as Figure 12, and crack 22 distribution mode and position of auxiliary electrode 18 and electrode can change arbitrarily,
Only need reach around the sub pattern element and get final product to utilize opposed polarity to produce the fringe field effect.Moreover, be three though figure goes up the illustrative sub pattern component number that cuts out, it does not limit and visual actual needs adjustment.
Figure 16 shows another kind of embodiment of the present invention.18 of auxiliary electrodes are as metal level or be coated with the layer of metal layer thereon, make this auxiliary electrode zone have the reflecting plate function.
The above only is an illustrative, but not is restricted, and for example this invention can be applicable to half-penetration type or micro-reflection type LCD.Anyly do not break away from spirit of the present invention and category, and, all should be contained in the claim, but not be defined in the above embodiments its equivalent modifications of carrying out or change.