CN101124734A - Method and apparatus for selecting a beam combination of multiple-input multiple-output antennas - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for selecting a beam combination of multiple-input multiple-output antennas Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A method and apparatus for selecting a beam combination of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antennas are disclosed. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRUs) includes a plurality of antennas to generate a plurality of beams for supporting MIMO. At least one antenna is configured to generate multiple beams, such that various beam combinations can be produced and a desired beam combination selected for conducting wireless communication with another WTRU. A quality metric is measured with respect to each or subset of the possible beam combinations. A desired beam combination for MIMO transmission and reception is selected based on the quality metric measurements.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to smart antenna technology in wireless communication systems. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for selecting a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna beam combination.
Background
Wireless communication systems are well known in the art. Generally, the system includes communication stations that transmit and receive wireless communication signals between each other. Generally, a network of base stations (or Access Points (APs)) is provided wherein each base station (or ap) is capable of establishing simultaneous wireless communications with appropriately configured mobile wireless transmit/receive units (WTRUs) and multiple appropriately configured base stations (or APs). Some mobile wtrus may alternatively be configured to establish direct wireless communication with each other, i.e., without being delayed through the network via a base station (or access point). This is commonly referred to as point-to-point wireless communication. The mobile wtru is configured to communicate directly with the mobile wtru, which itself is also configured and acts as a base station (or access point). Due to the network and peer-to-peer communication capabilities, the mobile wtru may be configured for multiple networks.
The term "access point" as used herein includes, but is not limited to, a base station, a node-B, a site controller, or any other interfacing device in a wireless environment that provides mobile wtrus with wireless access to the network with which the access point is associated. The term "wtru" as used herein includes, but is not limited to, a user equipment, a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a pager, or any other type of user device capable of operating in a wireless environment. The mobile wtrus include portable personal computing devices such as Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) and notebook computers having network-like capabilities, such as wireless modems. Portable or position-changeable mobile wtrus are referred to as mobile units.
One type of wireless system, known as a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), may be configured to wirelessly communicate with a mobile wtru that is equipped with a WLAN modem that also establishes peer-to-peer communication with similarly equipped mobile wtrus. Currently, wlan modems are integrated by manufacturers into many conventional communication and computing devices. For example, cellular telephones, personal digital assistants, and laptop computers are constructed with one or more wireless local area network modems.
A popular wlan environment having one or more access points is constructed in accordance with the IEEE 802 family of standards. Access to these networks typically requires a user authentication procedure. The system protocol is currently standardized in the wlan technology field, as provided in the protocol architecture of the IEEE 802 family of standards.
Fig. 1 depicts a conventional wireless communication environment in which a wtru 14 may establish wireless communication via a network station, in this case an access point 12 of a wlan 10. As indicated by the bold arrows in fig. 1, the ap 12 is connected to other network architectures of the wlan, such as an Access Controller (AC). The ap 12 is shown establishing communication with five wtrus 14. The communication is coordinated and synchronized via the access point 12. This configuration is also referred to as a Basic Service Set (BSS) within the context of a wireless local area network.
One standard currently in widespread use in the context of wireless handsets is known as global system for mobile telecommunications (GSM). This is considered as the so-called second generation mobile radio system standard (2G) followed by its revision (2.5G). General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) and Enhanced Data for Gsm Evolution (EDGE) are 2.5G examples of technologies that provide relatively high speed data services for 2G umts networks. Each of these standards seeks to improve upon previous standards with additional features and enhancements. In month 1 of 1998, the european telecommunications standards institute, the special mobile group (ETSISMG), agreed with the radio access plan of third generation wireless systems known as the telecommunications mobile telecommunications system (UMTS). To further implement the standard for communicating mobile telecommunications systems, the third generation partnership project (3 GPP) was developed 12 months in 1998. The third generation partnership project continues to operate on common third generation mobile wireless standards. In addition to the third generation partnership project standards, a third generation partnership project 2 standard using mobile internet protocol in the core network for mobility has been developed.
Many wireless communication system developments have been expected to promote reduced communication errors, improved range and throughput, and minimized costs. Recent advances have been made by exploiting time diversity, communication signal frequency and code size. U.S. patent No. 5,614,914, filed 3/25 1997 and assigned to the assignee of the present invention, is an example of the use of diversity to improve wireless communication.
Since the mid 1990 s, mimo systems have evolved to increase throughput by exploiting spatial diversity of wireless communication channels without increasing transmission power or bandwidth. Mimo is one of the most promising technologies in wireless communication. Unlike conventional smart antenna techniques that mitigate unwanted multipath fading and enhance robustness of a single data stream, mimo utilizes multipath fading to simultaneously transmit and receive multiple data streams. Theoretically, mimo system capacity can linearly increase the number of transmit and receive antennas. Mimo is considered by a number of wireless data communication standards such as IEEE 802.11n and third generation partnership project Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA).
For a given number of transceiver chains, the diversity gain is reduced when spatial multiplexing is used. Thus, the data link becomes less reliable and the system may return to single data flow mode. To improve the link quality for multiple data streams, more transceiver chains may be used. However, this results in higher costs. The invention can achieve the space diversity of the MIMO system without adding an additional transceiver chain.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention relates to a method and a device for selecting a beam combination of a multiple-input multiple-output antenna. A wireless transmit/receive unit (including a base station, an access point and a mobile wireless transmit/receive unit) includes a plurality of antennas to generate a plurality of beams supporting mimo. At least one antenna is configured to generate a plurality of beams such that a beam combination can be selected. Quality metrics are measured on each beam or combination of beams, or subset thereof, as the beam combination is switched. Desired beam combinations for mimo transmission and reception are selected based on the quality metrics.
According to a preferred method of wireless communication in a multiple-input multiple-output wireless communication system, a first WTRU is provided with a plurality of antennas. At least one antenna may generate a plurality of beams such that the first wtru may generate a plurality of different beam combinations for mimo wireless communication. The first wtru may use multiple antennas in conjunction with mimo wireless communication to form a beam set for wireless communication with the second wtru. The first wtru measures a selected quality metric for the beam combination. The first wtru then repeats the forming and measuring steps for one or more different beam combinations to generate a plurality of quality metric measurements. The first wtru then selects a desired beam combination for mimo wireless communication with the second wtru based on the quality metric measurements. Either the first or second wtru may be a base station or an access point of a wlan. Alternatively, the method may perform mimo wireless communication with a wtru to establish wireless communication in an ad hoc network.
Preferably, the method is repeated periodically to select a new desired beam combination based on the selected quality metric measurements. In this regard, the quality metric is preferably monitored when establishing mimo wireless communications using the selected desired beam combination, and the method is repeated to select an updated desired beam combination when the monitored quality metric is changed by a predetermined threshold amount.
The quality metric measurements preferably include one or more metrics from the set of measurements including channel estimation, a signal-to-noise-and-interference ratio (SNIR), a Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), a short term data throughput, a packet error rate, a data rate, and an operating mode of the wtru.
The wtru uses spatial multiplexing mode of operation, the measured quality metric is preferably the signal-to-noise-and-interference ratio, and the wtru uses the signal-to-noise-and-interference ratio of the weakest data stream as a beam selection criterion. Alternatively, where the wtru employs a spatial multiplexing mode of operation, the quality metric may be a singular value of a channel matrix, and the wtru then preferably uses the smallest singular value of the channel matrix as the beam selection criteria.
Where the wtru is operating in a transmit diversity mode of operation, the quality metric measurements preferably include measuring the combined signal-to-noise-and-interference ratio of each beam combination as a beam selection criterion. As an alternative to using transmit diversity mode of operation by the wtru, the quality metric measurement may include calculating the Frobenius norm of a channel matrix, which the wtru uses as beam selection criteria.
In accordance with another embodiment, a wtru is provided with a plurality of antennas, and the wtru performs Radio Frequency (RF) beamforming to generate a plurality of beams. The wtru measures a quality metric for each beam and selects a subset of beams based on the quality metric in connection with performing mimo wireless communications with another wtru.
In another aspect of the present invention, a wtru configured for mimo wireless communication is provided. The WTRU includes a plurality of antennas, an antenna beam selection control component, a transceiver and a beam selector. At least one antenna is configured to generate a plurality of beams such that the wtru is capable of generating a plurality of different beam combinations for mimo wireless communication. The antenna beam selection control component is configured to control the antennas to produce the selected beam combination. The transceiver is configured to process data via the antenna for transmission and reception. The transceiver includes a quality metric measuring unit configured to measure a quality metric of the wireless multiple-input multiple-output communication signal. A beam selector is coupled to the antenna beam selection control component and the transceiver and is configured to select a desired beam combination for mimo transmission and reception based on the quality metric measurements.
The antennas may be Switched Parasitic Antennas (SPAs) or phased array antennas. Alternatively, each antenna may include multiple omni-directional antennas. Preferably, the antennas are configured to ensure that the beam overlap produced by the antennas is minimized.
Preferably, the beam selector is configured to periodically select an updated desired beam combination based on the updated quality metric measurements. In this regard, the transceiver is configured to monitor a quality metric during mimo wireless communication using a currently selected beam combination, and the beam selector is configured to trigger selection of a new desired beam combination when the monitored quality metric changes by a predetermined threshold amount.
The quality metric measurement unit is configured to measure one or more quality metrics of a set of quality metrics including channel estimation, a signal-to-noise-and-interference ratio, a received signal strength indicator, a short-term data throughput, a packet error rate, a data rate, and an operating mode of the wtru.
The wtru may be configured to use a spatial multiplexing mode of operation. In this case, the quality metric measurement unit is configured to measure the signal-to-noise-and-interference ratio, and the beam selector is configured to use the signal-to-noise-and-interference ratio of the weakest data stream as the beam selection criterion. Alternatively, the quality metric measurement unit may be configured to measure a singular value of the channel matrix, and the beam selector may be configured to use the smallest singular value of the channel matrix as the beam selection criteria.
The wtru may be configured to use a transmission diversity mode of operation. In this case, the quality metric measurement unit is configured to measure a combined signal-to-noise-and-interference ratio for each beam combination, and the beam selector is configured to use the combined signal-to-noise-and-interference ratio as a beam selection criterion. Alternatively, the quality metric measurement unit may be configured to measure a Frobenius norm of a channel matrix, and the beam selector may be configured to use the Frobenius norm of the channel matrix as beam selection criteria.
The wtru may be a base station of a wireless network, an access point of a wireless local area network or a mobile wtru. The wtru may be configured to establish wireless communication between wtrus in an ad hoc network.
According to another embodiment, a WTRU includes a plurality of antennas, a radio frequency beamformer, a beam selection control component, a transceiver, and a beam selector. The radio frequency beamformer is configured to perform radio frequency beamforming to generate a plurality of beams. A beam selection control component selects a subset of beams among the generated beams. The transceiver processes data for transmission and reception via the antenna. The transceiver includes a quality metric measurement unit configured to measure a quality metric of each beam. A beam selector is coupled to the antenna beam selection control component and the transceiver and is configured to select a subset of beams for mimo transmission and reception based on the quality metric measurements.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating an overview of a conventional wireless communication system in a wireless local area network.
Figure 2 is a block diagram of a system including an ap and a wtru in accordance with the present invention.
Fig. 3 shows an example of beam patterns and directions generated by an antenna according to the present invention.
Figure 4 is a flow diagram of a process for selecting a beam for mimo selection in accordance with the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a block diagram of a wtru in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The term wtru hereinafter includes base stations, mobile wtrus and the like, such as access points, node bs, site controllers, user equipment, mobile stations, mobile subscriber units, and pagers, which may or may not be capable of communicating in an ad hoc network.
Fig. 2 is a block diagram of a wireless communication system including a first wtru 210 and a second wtru 220 in accordance with the present invention. Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained with reference to downlink transmissions from the ap acting as the first wtru 210 to the second wtru 220. However, the present invention is equally applicable to uplink and downlink transmissions where the wtru 210 or wtru 220 is configured such that the base station and wtru 210 communicate directly with the wtru 220 in a peer-to-peer network.
The ap 210 includes a transceiver 212 and a plurality of antennas 214A-214N. The wtru 220 includes a transceiver 222, a beam selector 224 and a plurality of antennas 226a-226m. At least one antenna 226a-226m may generate multiple beams. The beam combination is selected for mimo transmission and reception by the beam selector 224. The selected beam combination is generated by the antenna via antenna beam selection control circuitry 226 in accordance with a control signal output from beam selector 224 via coupling 225. The beam selector 224 may select a particular beam combination based on the quality metrics generated by the quality metric measurement unit 230 in the transceiver 222, which is explained in detail hereinafter. The wtru components of the present invention may be incorporated into an Integrated Circuit (IC) or configured in a circuit comprising a plurality of interconnected components.
For simplicity, fig. 2 illustrates a wtru 220 configured with multiple antennas that each generate three (3) beams. However, the arrangement shown in FIG. 1 is provided as an example and not a limitation. Any number of beams may be generated by any of the antennas, provided that at least one of the antennas is configured to generate more than one beam. The ap 210 may also include a beam selector to control beam generation and selection as in the wtru 220.
The antennas 226a-226m may be switched parasitic antennas, phased array antennas, or any type of directional beamforming antenna. Switched parasitic antennas are small and therefore suitable for wireless local area network devices. If switched parasitic antennas are used, a single active antenna element in combination with one or more passive antenna elements may be used. By adjusting the passive antenna element impedance, the antenna beam pattern can be adjusted and the impedance adjustment can be performed by controlling a set of switches connected to the antenna element.
Alternatively, the antenna may be a composition including a plurality of antennas that are all omni-directional antennas. For example, three omni-directional antennas with selected physical spacing may be used for each antenna 226a-226m, and the omni-directional antennas may be turned on or off according to control signals from the beam selector 224 to define different beam combinations.
The information bits received via input 211 are processed by the ap transceiver 212 and the resulting rf signal is transmitted via antennas 214A-214N. The transmitted rf signals are transmitted over the wireless medium and received by the antennas 226a-226m of the wtru 220. Each received signal is transmitted via data paths 223a-223m to wtru transceiver 222 which processes the signal and outputs data via output 221.
Unlike prior art mimo systems, in which each antenna has only a single fixed beam pattern, at least one of the antennas 226a-226m may generate multiple beams. In the example of fig. 2, antenna 226a may generate three beams a1, a2, a3, and antenna 226m may generate three beams m1, m2, m3. As shown in fig. 2, the generated beam may be a directional beam or may comprise an omni-directional beam.
In order to maximize the beam selection benefit, it is preferable to minimize beam overlap of beams generated by adjacent antennas. Fig. 3 shows beam patterns and pointing examples. An antenna such as antenna 226a may generate an omni-directional beam a2 and two directional beams a1, a3, while an antenna such as antenna 226m may generate an omni-directional beam m2 and two directional beams m1, m3. As shown in fig. 3, the beams a1, a3 and the beams m1, m3 are pointed at angles offset from each other by, for example, 90 degrees in azimuth, so that the overlap of the directional beams a1, a3, m1, m3 is minimized.
During operation, the quality metric measurement unit 230 measures a selected quality metric for each antenna beam or beam combination (or subset of beam combinations) and outputs the quality metric measurement data on line 227 to the beam selector 224. The beam selector 224 can select a desired beam combination for data communication with the ap 210 based on the quality metric measurements.
Each quality metric may be used to determine a desired beam selection. Physical layer, medium Access Control (MAC) layer or upper layer metrics may be applicable. The preferred quality metrics include, but are not limited to, channel estimation, signal-to-noise-and-interference ratio, received signal strength indicator, short term data throughput, packet error rate, data rate, and wtru operating mode or the like.
When implementing mimo, the wtru 220 may operate in a spatial multiplexing mode or a spatial diversity mode. In spatial multiplexing mode, the ap 210 can transmit multiple independent data streams to maximize data throughput. Typically, an mxn channel matrix H is obtained of the type:
where the component h subscripts indicate the contribution of each antenna pair attributable to antennas 214A-214N and antennas 226a-226m of wtru 220.
In spatial diversity mode, the access point 210 may transmit a single data via multiple antennas. Depending on the mode of operation, the wtru 220 is configured to select the appropriate quality metric or combination of quality metrics to select the desired beam combination.
The beam combination selection may be based on all possible beam combinations or a limited subset of beam combinations. For example, where multiple antennas may produce directional and omni-directional beams, the selectable beam combinations may be limited to only one of the antennas producing the omni-directional beam combination.
If the wtru 220 operates in the spatial multiplexing mode and the channel combinations for each beam combination are reliably obtained, the wtru 220 preferably performs Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) on the channel matrix and selects a beam combination based on the singular values of the channel matrix. Since the channel capacity is determined by the smallest singular value of the channel matrix, the wtru 220 compares the smallest singular values of the channel matrix and selects the beam combination associated with the channel matrix having the largest singular value among the smallest singular values of the channel matrix.
If the example of fig. 2 only has two ap antennas 214a,214n and two wtru antennas 226a,226m, where wtru antenna 226a generates three beams a1, a2, a3 and wtru antenna 226m generates three beams m1, m2, m3, a nine (9) 2 x 2 channel matrix H is generated as shown in fig. 3 in the following manner:
where the component h subscripts indicate the contributions of each antenna pair attributable to the antennas 214a,214n and the antenna beam combinations generated by the wtru, the wtru antenna 226a generates the beam ai, where ai is the beam a1, a2, a3 and the wtru antenna 226m generates the beam mj, where mj is the beam m1, m2, m3.
A one-valued decomposition is performed on each channel matrix H, and two one-values are obtained for each channel matrix H. Preferably, the wtru 220 compares the smallest single value of the nine channel matrices and selects the channel matrix having the largest single value.
For this particular example, one potential limitation of the selection criteria is that it does not allow both wtru antennas to generate beam combinations for omni-directional beams. According to the example of fig. 3, this occurs where antenna 226a generates beam a2 and antenna 226m generates beam m 2. This combination is excluded due to the limitation, since the corresponding beam combination a2: m2 combinations are excluded so only eight of the nine channel matrices are preferably generated and evaluated to select the desired combination.
Likewise, another potential limitation of the selection criteria for this particular example is that beam combining is required for at least one of the wtru antennas to generate an omni-directional beam. According to the example of fig. 3, this would occur if either antenna 226a generates beam a2 or antenna 226m generates beam m 2. Such a combination is required due to limitations, since the corresponding beam combination a1: m1; a1: m3; a3: m1; a3: m3 combinations are excluded so only five of the nine channel matrices are preferably generated and evaluated to select the desired combination.
Likewise, another potential limitation of the selection criteria for this particular example is that the beam combinations are such that only one directional beam is used. According to the example of fig. 3, this occurs where antenna 226a does not generate beam a2 and antenna 226m does not generate beam m 2. Such a combination is required due to limitations, since only the corresponding beam combination a1: m1; a1: m3; a3: m1; a3: the combination of m3 is included so only four of the nine channel matrices are preferably generated and evaluated to select the expected combination.
Alternatively, a time-adaptive selection of the subset of beam combinations may be used based on the computed statistics. According to the example of FIG. 3, the time T for completing the complete search for all beam combinations 0 Then, not only is the best beam combination (e.g., a1: m 1) selected at the time, but a subset of candidate beam combinations (e.g., { a1: m1; a1: m3; a3: m1 }) with beam combinations is created for later use. Time interval [ T 0 ，T 0 +T]Any further searches performed during this time for the best beam will be limited to the selected subset (e.g., { a1: m1; a1: m3; a3: m1 }), where T may be an adaptable time interval parameter. The selection criteria for this subset of beam combinations may be the same criteria used to select the best beam combination. Time interval [ T 0 ，T 0 +T]During this time, only the beam combinations in the subset (e.g., { a1: m1; a1: m3; a3: m1 }) are tested whenever a new beam combination search occurs. The duration parameter T may be a relatively large value. Time T 0 +T At this point, a new full search of all beam combinations occurs, a new best beam combination (e.g., a3: m 1) is selected, and a new subset of beam combinations (e.g., { a3: m1; a3: m3; a1: m3 }) is formed. Then, it is executed in the next time interval [ T ] 0 +T，T 0 +2T]Any possible new beam search of (a) is limited to a new subset of beam combinations. The scheme is useful for limiting the size of the search space for most beam combination searches by time-adaptively selecting a subset of beam combinations.
The present invention is not limited to two antennas with three beams as in the previous specific example described above. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that any N and M values representing individual antennas can readily yield an mxn channel matrix. The number of combinations considered is the number of beams that are limited by any He Beixuan selection criteria, depending on the N antennas available for each wtru, either allowed or excluded from antenna beam combination.
If the wtru 220 is operating in the spatial diversity mode, the wtru 220 preferably generates a channel matrix for each beam combination and calculates a Frobenius norm of each channel matrix and selects the beam combination associated with the channel matrix having the largest Frobenius norm. Alternatively, the combined signal-to-noise-and-interference ratio of each beam combination may be used for the selection criterion.
If the channel matrix is not available, the wtru 220 may collect the short term average throughput corresponding to each beam combination as a signal quality metric and select a beam combination such that the short term average throughput is maximized.
As described above, the ap 210 may also include a beam selector and an antenna configured to generate multiple beams. Each station, ap 210 and wtru 220, may simultaneously attempt to select a desired beam combination for its own use in accordance with the present invention as described above. However, a preferred alternative is for the wtru 220 to first select a desired beam combination using the invention described above, and then the ap 210 selects a desired combination. This may be done by sending a signal from the wtru 220 to the ap 210 when performing the selection process or simply configuring the ap 210 with a delay, allowing the wtru 220 to complete its selection before the ap 210 selects a desired antenna beam combination. Alternatively, the wtru 220 can be configured to update its selection of the desired antenna beam combination after the ap 210 performs the selection. Alternatively, the ap 210 may be configured to select the first desired antenna beam combination.
The wtru may be configured with transceivers, and each transceiver may be coupled to an antenna. At least one antenna is configured to generate more than one beam so that the number of simultaneously available beams is equal to the number of transceivers and the total number of antenna beams is greater than the number of transceivers.
Fig. 5 is a block diagram of a wtru 520 according to another embodiment of the present invention. The wtru 520 includes a transceiver 522 including a quality metric measurement unit 530, a beam selector 524, a beam selection control circuit 526, a rf beamformer 528 and a plurality of antennas 531a-531m. An rf beamformer 528 is provided between antennas 531a-531m and beam selection control circuitry 526 to form multiple beams from the received signal via antennas 531a-531m. The antennas 531a-531m may be omni-directional antennas or directional antennas. The multiple data streams are then output from the radio frequency beamformer 528. Each data stream corresponds to a particular beam generated by the rf beamformer 528. The number of data streams need not be equal to the number of antennas 531a-531m and may be greater or less than the number of antennas 531a-531m. The beam may be a fixed beam or may be adjustable in accordance with a control signal 529 (optional). Multiple data streams are fed to the beam selection control circuit 526 via data paths 528a-528n, one for each data stream. The beam selector 524 sends control signals 525 to the beam selection control circuit 526 to select the subset of data streams among the data streams for mimo communication with another wtru (not shown) that is currently communicating. To select a data stream (i.e., beam selection), the signal quality metric for each data stream is measured by a quality metric measurement unit 530 and sent to the beam selector 524 via line 527. The best beam combination is then selected by the beam selector 524 based on the signal quality metric.
Fig. 4 is a flow diagram of a process 400 for selecting a beam combination for a mimo antenna based on a selected quality metric or combination of metrics in accordance with the present invention. Beam combinations for the multiple beams are formed using multiple antennas (step 402). Each antenna is configured to generate at least one beam. The selected quality metric is then measured for the beam combination (step 404). A determination is made whether another beam combination remains (step 406). If so, process 400 returns to step 402 and steps 402 and 404 are repeated. If no beam combinations remain, the process 400 proceeds to step 408. The desired beam combination for mimo transmission and reception is then selected based on the quality metric comparison (step 408).
During mimo communication with the selected beam combination, the wtru 220 may periodically switch a beam combination to measure the quality metrics of each beam combination or a subset thereof and select a new best beam combination based on the updated quality metrics. The beam selection procedure is preferably triggered when the currently selected beam combination changes by more than a predetermined threshold. For example, as the wtru 220 moves from one location to another, the channel quality on the currently selected beam combination may degrade while the channel quality of another beam combination becomes better. Preferably, the beam selection procedure is triggered to find a new best beam combination when the measured channel quality of the currently selected beam combination is degraded or increased beyond a predetermined threshold. Preferably, the antenna beam switching and quality metric measurements are performed in a synchronized manner.
Although the features and elements of the present invention are described in the preferred embodiments in particular combinations, each feature or element can be used alone without the other features and elements of the preferred embodiments or in various combinations with or without other features and elements of the present invention.
Claims (33)
1. A method of wireless communication in a multiple-input multiple-output wireless communication system, comprising:
(a) Providing a first wtru having a plurality of antennas, wherein at least one of the antennas generates a plurality of beams such that the wtru generates a plurality of different beam combinations for mimo wireless communication;
(b) The first wtru forming a beam combination using the plurality of antennas for mimo wireless communication with a second wtru;
(c) The first wtru measuring a selection quality metric for the beam combination;
(d) The first wtru repeating steps (b) and (c) for one or more different beam combinations to generate a plurality of quality metric measurements; and
(e) The first wtru selecting a desired beam combination for mimo wireless communication with the second wtru based on the quality metric measurements.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the second wtru is a base station, and wherein steps (b) through (e) are performed with mimo wireless communication with the base station.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the second WTRU is an AP of a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), and wherein steps (b) through (e) are performed for MIMO wireless communication with the AP.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the first wtru is a base station and the second wtru is a mobile wtru, and wherein steps (b) through (e) are performed for mimo wireless communication between the base station and the mobile wtru.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the first wtru is an ap of a wireless local area network and the second wtru is a mobile wtru, and wherein steps (b) through (e) are performed in a wlan mimo wireless communication between the ap and the mobile wtru.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein steps (b) through (e) are performed in a wireless communication between a first wtru and a second wtru in a peer-to-peer network.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein steps (b) through (e) are repeated periodically to select a new desired beam combination based on the updated quality metric measurements.
8. The method of claim 1 further comprising monitoring a quality metric when establishing mimo wireless communication using the selected desired beam combination, and repeating steps (b) through (e) to select an updated desired beam combination when the monitored quality metric changes by a predetermined threshold amount.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein a quality measurement includes one or more of the group of measurements including channel estimation, a signal-to-noise and interference ratio (SNR), a Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), a short term data throughput, a Packet Error Rate (PER), a data rate and an operating mode of the WTRU.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein the wtru uses a spatial multiplexing mode of operation, the measured quality metric is a signal-to-noise-and-interference ratio, and the first wtru uses the signal-to-noise-and-interference ratio of a weakest data stream as a beam selection criterion for step (e).
11. The method of claim 1 wherein the wtru uses a spatial multiplexing mode of operation, the quality metric is a singular value of a channel matrix, and the wtru uses a smallest singular value of a channel matrix as beam selection criteria for step (e).
12. The method of claim 1 wherein the wtru uses a transmit diversity mode of operation, the measuring of a quality metric includes measuring a combined signal-to-noise-and-interference ratio (snr) for each of the beam combinations, and the wtru uses the combined snr as beam selection criteria for step (e).
13. The method of claim 1 wherein the wtru uses a transmit diversity operating mode, the measuring of a quality metric includes calculating a Frobenius norm of a channel matrix, and the wtru uses the Frobenius norm of a channel matrix as beam selection criteria for step (e).
14. The method of claim 1 wherein a subset of beam combinations is selected and a new desired beam combination is selected among the subset of beam combinations for a predetermined time interval.
15. A method of wireless communication in a multiple-input multiple-output (memo) wireless communication system, comprising:
(a) Providing a first wtru having a plurality of antennas;
(b) The first wtru performing rf beamforming to generate a plurality of beams;
(c) The first wtru measuring a quality metric for each of the beams; and
(d) The first wtru selects a subset of beams for mimo wireless communication with a second wtru based on the quality metrics.
16. A wtru configured for mimo wireless communication, the wtru comprising:
a plurality of antennas configured to produce a plurality of beam combinations, at least one antenna configured to produce a plurality of beams;
an antenna beam selection control element configured to control the antennas to produce selected beam combinations;
a transceiver configured to process data for transmission and reception via the antenna, the transceiver comprising a quality metric measurement unit configured to measure a quality metric of a wireless multiple-input multiple-output communication signal; and
a beam selector coupled to the antenna beam selection control element and the transceiver and configured to select a desired beam combination for mimo transmission and reception based on the quality metric measurements.
17. The wtru of claim 16 wherein the antenna is a switched parasitic antenna.
18. The wtru of claim 16 wherein the antenna is a phased array antenna.
19. The wtru of claim 16 wherein each of the antennas comprises a plurality of omni-directional antennas.
20. The wtru of claim 16 wherein the antenna is configured to ensure that overlap of the beams generated by the antenna is minimized.
21. The wtru of claim 16 wherein the beam selector is configured to periodically select an updated desired beam combination based on the updated quality metric measurements.
22. The wtru of claim 16 wherein the transceiver is configured to monitor a quality metric during mimo wireless communication and the beam selector is configured to trigger selection of a new desired beam combination when the monitored quality metric changes by a predetermined threshold amount.
23. The wtru of claim 16 wherein the quality metric measurement unit is configured to measure one or more quality metrics of a set of quality metrics including channel estimation, a signal-to-noise-and-interference ratio, a received signal strength indicator, a short term data throughput, a packet error rate, a data rate and an operating mode of the wtru.
24. The wtru of claim 16 wherein the wtru is configured to use a spatial multiplexing mode of operation, the quality metric measurement unit is configured to measure a signal-to-noise-and-interference ratio, and the beam selector is configured to use a signal-to-noise-and-interference ratio of a weakest data stream as a beam selection criterion.
25. The wtru of claim 16 wherein the wtru is configured to use a spatial multiplexing mode of operation, the quality metric measurement unit is configured to measure a singular value of a channel matrix, and the beam selector is configured to use a smallest singular value of a channel matrix as a beam selection criterion.
26. The wtru of claim 16 wherein the wtru is configured to use a transmit diversity mode of operation, the quality metric measurement unit is configured to measure a combined signal-to-noise-and-interference ratio for each of the beam combinations, and the beam selector is configured to use the combined signal-to-noise-and-interference ratio as a beam selection criterion.
27. The wtru of claim 16 wherein the wtru is configured to use a transmit diversity mode of operation, the quality metric measurement unit is configured to measure a Frobenius norm of a channel matrix, and the beam selector is configured to use the Frobenius norm of a channel matrix as beam selection criteria.
28. The wtru of claim 16 wherein the beam selector is configured to select a subset of beam combinations and select a new predetermined beam combination among the subset of beam combinations for a predetermined time interval.
29. The wtru of claim 16 wherein the wtru is configured as a base station of a wireless network.
30. The wtru of claim 16 wherein the wtru is configured as an ap of a wireless local area network.
31. The wtru of claim 16 wherein the wtru is a mobile wtru.
32. The wtru of claim 16 wherein the wtru is configured to establish wireless communication between wtrus in a peer-to-peer network.
33. A wtru configured for mimo wireless communication, the wtru comprising:
a plurality of antennas;
a radio frequency beamformer configured for performing a radio frequency beamforming to generate a plurality of beams;
a beam selection control element configured to select a subset of beams among the generated beams;
a transceiver configured to process data for transmission and reception via the antenna, the transceiver comprising a quality metric measurement unit configured to measure a quality metric for each of the beams; and
a beam selector coupled to the antenna beam selection control element and the transceiver and configured to select a subset of the beams for mimo transmission and reception based on the quality metric measurements.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US65375005P | 2005-02-17 | 2005-02-17 | |
| US60/653,750 | 2005-02-17 | ||
| US11/352,631 | 2006-02-13 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN101124734A true CN101124734A (en) | 2008-02-13 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2006800047995A Pending CN101124734A (en) | 2005-02-17 | 2006-02-16 | Method and apparatus for selecting a beam combination of multiple-input multiple-output antennas |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN101124734A (en) |
| TW (2) | TW200729774A (en) |
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| TW200729774A (en) | 2007-08-01 |
| TW200640170A (en) | 2006-11-16 |
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