CN101124709B - 自动连接和断开电力的无线电子设备及其方法 - Google Patents

自动连接和断开电力的无线电子设备及其方法 Download PDF

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CN101124709B
CN101124709B CN2006800050748A CN200680005074A CN101124709B CN 101124709 B CN101124709 B CN 101124709B CN 2006800050748 A CN2006800050748 A CN 2006800050748A CN 200680005074 A CN200680005074 A CN 200680005074A CN 101124709 B CN101124709 B CN 101124709B
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阿布杜·默罕默德·采赖·阿洛马
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
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    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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    • Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/18—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution using switches, relays or circuit breakers, e.g. intelligent electronic devices [IED]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
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Abstract

本发明针对当人出现时场所中电流的自动连接以及当人离开时的自动断开的情况。其包括无线便携式信号发射器和连接至场所干线供电的固定附着的接收器。发射器以预订方式周期性地发送信号。当接收器接收信号时，其使干线断路器闭合，并因而向场所提供电力，并且接收器在比那些发射周期长的时间周期之后使断路器自动地打开。如果发射器位于接收器的接收范围内，并且在预定定时内向接收器发送信号，那么接收器保持断路器闭合，并且如果发射器不可用(通过缺少来自发射器的任何信号而检测到)，那么接收器打开断路器，并将电力与该场所断开。

Description

自动连接和断开电力的无线电子设备及其方法
技术领域
本发明包括无线设备及其方法，在用户离开时，使得电流与场所(location)(临时地)断开，并且在用户进入或靠近场所时(重新)连接。
出于解释的目的，将旅馆作为一个样例；然而，本发明可以应用在任何类似的情形中，在这些情形中，必须在用户出现时使电流与场所自动连接，并且在用户离开时，使电流自动断开。
背景技术
旅馆、带家具的公寓、汽车旅馆、办公室等的业主承受着昂贵的电费，因为住户或者房客在离开场所时不切断电流。针对所有房间，旅馆等因此考虑周到地使用了某种设备，这种设备需要插入电子出入卡(用于作为进入房间的钥匙)以连接电流，然后在用户离开房间取出卡时，切断电流。然而，该方法仅仅适合用电子出入卡代替标准钥匙系统的旅馆。这种方法有两个问题，第一，因为卡没有在用户眼前，用户在离开之前可能忘记设备中的卡。第二，任何具有相同厚度的卡可以起到相同的作用，例如，ID卡或者信用卡等，使该方法无效。任何插入设备的卡都可以连接电流的原因在于：该方法是机械的并且取决于固定在设备中的小轮状物，其需要移动等于卡厚度的距离以连接电流。并且，在缺少来自插入设备中的卡的任何电信号时，通过插入任何卡，该机械方法变得有效并连接电流，这样就意味着高额电费依然存在。
问题不但在于高额电费，而且在于随之产生的不当的功率耗散以及增加的环境污染。
发明内容
本发明包括两个主要部件：无线信号的接收器和发射器，该无线信号共同地位于发射器和接收器之间，通过发射器内的加密器(编码器)和接收器内的译码器(解码器)进行识别。发射器由可再充电的电池或者普通电池(锂或者其他)或任何其他电源进行供电，而接收器固定至干线馈线(main feed line)上场所处的干线电源盒，并且其主要功能是通过(例如，利用断路器(circuit breaker))阻断给场所供电的干线馈线，使电流与该场所断开。
发射器周期性地(例如，每隔3分钟)发送编码有预定接收器的特定ID的无线信号，例如脉冲信号。当发射器位于接收器的接收范围内时，接收器接收信号，并在识别发射器ID之后，使电力连接(例如，使用连接至干线馈线的断路器)，以向场所提供电力。接收器保持连接闭合例如5分钟的周期。该第一时间周期是可更新的，意指如果在所述周期中从发射器接收到另一个这样的信号，连接就保持另一段周期。第一周期长于第二时间周期，即发射器发送信号的间隔，以确保在场所处维持持续供电，而发射器在接收范围内。(重新)打开连接时接收器中的延迟(即，第一时间周期)由延迟电路和定时器装置进行控制，延迟电路和定时器可以针对连接保持闭合的时间周期而预先编程的。
每个发射器和接收器拥有特定的相互匹配的无线信号标识符，并且一旦改变发射器和接收器，该标识符就改变，以保证无线信号不会在邻近场所之间相互干扰。
因为发射器周期性地发送它的信号，为了节省电池功率，预定场所的住户或用户可能能够在发射器发送的最后一个发射信号没有抵达接收器的期间内到达接收器的接收范围。为了克服这样的问题，发射器装配有复位装置，例如按键，其使得紧接的无线信号被发送给接收器以连接电流。发射器还包括无线信号发射定时器，在该装置被激活(actuated)即按下按键的瞬间，其自动地启动；换句话说，发射器利用前述按键进行复位。
同样，将发射器设计成：在充电时(如果由可再充电电池进行供电)，和/或在相应地设置发射器开/关(on/off)开关时，发射器不发送任何信号，即，从电池或者在不可再充电的情况下从电源断开电力。
附图说明
图1是连接至干线电源盒(main power box)的接收器的一般图示；
图2a是附着(attached)于钥匙链(key holder)的发射器的一般图示；
图2b是附着于钥匙的小型发射器的一般图示；
图3是发射器电路的示意图；以及
图4是接收器电路的示意图。
具体实施方式
参照图1、2a以及2b，本发明包括两个主要部分：发射器9和接收器6，两者之间具有特定的公共信号。接收器6连接至干线断路器(maincircuit breaker)7，其依次连接至干线馈线1。干线断路器由接收器进行控制，以将场所与干线馈线进行连接或者将场所与干线馈线断开。场所中所有或一些电路设备和装置经由支路断路器3连接至干线馈线。如果一些设备即使在通过打开干线断路器而使电流断开时也要保持运行状态(例如，冰箱、TV、风扇、空调等)，则这可以通过提供其他的馈线(未示出)而获得，其在接收器控制的干线断路器之前例如从干线馈线中分离而形成分支(即，不受干线断路器运行的影响)。
发射器9经由如图2a所示的钥匙链10，或者通过直接附着于或包括在钥匙(图2b)中，而附着于钥匙11上。发射器还可以采用任何其他适当的形式，例如，独立的出入卡的形式。
参照图3和4，在正常模式中，发射器以无线方式发送脉冲发生器14产生的电脉冲，其通过加密器(编码器)15进行加密(编码)，以随后由脉冲发射器模块16通过天线12发送至接收器6。位于接收器6中的脉冲接收器模块18经由天线13接收来自发射器9的信号，并将该信号发送给识别发射器ID的脉冲解码器(译码器)19。解码器在发射器ID验证之后，将信号传送给接收器定时器17(未示出)，以便将闭合干线断路器的定时复位(reset)到第一时间周期，并接着将信号传送至延迟电路，延迟电路延迟对于干线断路器的响应以打开干线断路器，直到第一时间周期过去为止，或者直到从发射器9中接收到另一信号为止，随之位于接收器6中的接收定时器17被复位。
如果发射器9处于接收器6的无线信号接收范围中，接收器6以预定但可编程的例如3分钟的时间间隔(对应于第二时间周期)接收由发射器9发送的无线信号，并且接收器6通过定时器17和延迟器5，使得在一段预定但可编程的第一时间周期(例如5分钟)中，电流被连接，即，使得干线断路器闭合。重要的是注意，第一时间周期不得不长于第二时间周期，以避免不期望的电力切断，换句话说，只要发射器9和接收器6处于相同的传播范围中，即用户出现在或靠近将供电的场所，就确保对该场所的持续供电。
干线馈线持续地供给接收器6，并且电力存储(电池)向发射器9提供其运行需要的电力。优选地，将可再充电电源用于发射器9，而发射器在连接至充电器时完全地断开。如果通过非可再充电电源进行运行，发射器可以被提供有开/关开关，以节约其功率及延长使用寿命。
此外，发射器包括复位键20，其用于直接地连接电流，并复位接收器定时器。一旦靠近或进入场所，并且电流未导通，用户可以按下该复位键20，以立即向接收器6发送无线信号，进而重新连接电流，而无需等待第二时间周期过去。
众所周知，本发明尤其是发射器9可以采用与前述说明中指定的方式不同的方式实现，并可用不同材料进行制造。同样，发射器和接收器电路可以通过能提高效率并节约电力的一些附加装置而改变。

Claims (15)

1.一种无线电子设备，用于将供给场所的电力自动连接和断开，包括发射器(9)和接收器(6)，其中
所述发射器是可移动的，以及所述接收器连接至干线断路器(7)，所述干线断路器(7)与所述场所的干线馈线(1)连接；
所述发射器包括电脉冲发生器(14)、脉冲发射器模块(16)以及第一天线设备(12)，以无线发送脉冲信号；
所述接收器包括第二天线设备(13)，以在所述发射器位于所述接收器的接收范围中时接收所述脉冲信号；
所述接收器控制连接至所述干线馈线的所述断路器(7)，当所述接收器接收到所述脉冲信号中的一个时，所述接收器使得所述断路器闭合，从而将电力提供至所述场所，以及当所述接收器在第一时间周期中没有接收到所述脉冲信号之一时，所述接收器使得所述断路器打开，从而切断供给所述场所的电力。
2.根据权利要求1所述的无线电子设备，其中
所述发射器包括编码器(15)，以利用所述发射器的特征身份对脉冲进行编码；以及其中
所述接收器包括解码器，以解码并验证所述发射器的身份。
3.根据权利要求2所述的无线电子设备，其中
所述发射器(9)和所述接收器(6)共享用于编码/解码的相同的密码，所述密码不同于用于邻近场所的密码，以保证邻近场所之间没有干扰。
4.根据权利要求1、2或3所述的无线电子设备，其中
所述发射器(9)还包括发射器定时器，以使得所述发射器在可编程的第二时间周期之后周期性地发送脉冲信号。
5.根据权利要求4所述的无线电子设备，其中
所述接收器(6)还包括连接至所述断路器的接收器定时器(17)和延迟电路(5)，当所述接收器在所述第一时间周期内没有接收到来自所述发射器的脉冲信号时，所述接收器定时器和所述延迟电路使得所述断路器打开，所述第一时间周期是可编程的并且长于所述第二时间周期。
6.根据权利要求1-3和5中任一所述的无线电子设备，其中所述发射器(9)还包括复位装置(20)，以启动所述发射器来立即发送脉冲，从而复位接收器定时器(17)。
7.根据权利要求4所述的无线电子设备，其中
所述发射器(9)还包括复位装置(20)，以启动所述发射器来立即发送脉冲，从而复位接收器定时器(17)。
8.一种用于将供给场所的电力自动连接和断开的方法，包括以下步骤：
由移动发射器(9)以无线方式发送脉冲信号；
如果所述发射器位于接收器(6)的接收范围中，由所述接收器接收无线脉冲信号，所述接收器连接至干线断路器(7)，所述干线断路器(7)与所述场所的干线馈线(1)连接；
当所述接收器接收到所述脉冲信号中的一个时，控制所述断路器，使得所述断路器(7)闭合，从而将电力提供至所述场所；
当在第一时间周期中没有接收到所述脉冲信号之一时，使得所述断路器(7)打开，从而切断供给所述场所的所述电力。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法，还包括以下步骤：
在所述发射器端，利用发射器的特征身份对所述脉冲信号进行编码；以及
在所述接收器端，对所述发射器的身份进行解码和验证。
10.根据权利要求8所述的方法，还包括以下步骤：
将相同的共享密码分别用于在所述发射器(9)中进行编码以及在所述接收器(6)中进行解码，其中，由第一场所中一对各自的发射器/接收器使用的所述共享密码不同于邻近场所中使用的密码，以保证邻近场所之间没有干扰。
11.根据权利要求9所述的方法，还包括以下步骤：
将相同的共享密码分别用于在所述发射器(9)中进行编码以及在所述接收器(6)中进行解码，其中，由第一场所中一对各自的发射器/接收器使用的所述共享密码不同于邻近场所中使用的密码，以保证邻近场所之间没有干扰。
12.根据权利要求8-11中任一所述的方法，还包括以下步骤：
利用所述发射器(9)中的发射器定时器，使得所述发射器在可编程的第二时间周期之后周期性地发送所述脉冲信号。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法，还包括以下步骤：
利用连接至所述断路器(7)的延迟电路(5)和接收器定时器(17)，使得当所述接收器在所述第一时间周期中没有接收到来自所述发射器的脉冲信号时，所述断路器打开，所述第一时间周期是可编程的并长于所述第二时间周期。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法，还包括以下步骤：
当激活复位装置(20)时，启动所述发射器来立即发送脉冲信号，从而复位所述接收器定时器(17)。
15.一种系统，其包括根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的至少两个无线电子设备，其中
第一无线电子设备用于第一场所中，所述第一无线电子设备包括发射器(9)和接收器(6)，所述发射器(9)和所述接收器(6)共享用于编码/解码的第一密码；以及
第二无线电子设备用于邻近所述第一场所的第二场所中，所述第二无线电子设备还包括发射器(9’)和接收器(6’)，所述发射器(9’)和所述接收器(6’)共享用于编码/解码的第二密码，所述第二密码不同于所述第一密码。
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