CN101124402A - 带有防结冰装置的海上风力涡轮机 - Google Patents
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Abstract
提供了一种海上风力涡轮机(14),其包括升出海平面(12)的塔架(1),和一片或多片叶片(4),其可以由风推动转动。海上风力涡轮机还包括泵(6),其适于从海中泵送起海水(13)。在泵出侧,泵(6)和喷嘴(8,9)相连通,该喷嘴适于把海水导引至叶片(4)表面。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种海上(offshore)风力涡轮机,其包括升出海平面的塔架和一片或多片叶片,其中叶片可以由风推动旋转,海上风力涡轮机还包括泵,其适于从海中泵送起海水。
背景技术
现代的风力涡轮机,也称为风力马达或风力发动机,常用来产生电能。它们经常有着巨大的结构,带有达60米甚至更大的叶片,这些叶片由纤维增强聚合物壳制造而成。
风力涡轮机叶片的结冰是个普遍的问题,它会引起一些严重的负面后果。结冰会改变叶片的轮廓,因此使得叶片的空气动力学属性也会发生变化,而影响效率。而且,不均匀的结冰也会引起风力涡轮机结构严重的不对称应力,这会导致运转不得不中断。
DE 196 21 485公开了一种风力涡轮机叶片,其内部可由热空气加热,目的在于除冰。
WO 98/53200公开了一种风力涡轮机叶片,其可以通过包括传导纤维在内的加热元件来除霜。
US-A-4.060.212公开了一种通过微波来除去直升机旋翼桨叶上冰的方法。
背景技术还公开了预防机翼结冰的方法,其通过在临近起飞前在机翼上喷洒防冻剂来实现。
最近几年内,风力涡轮机被海上建立,由于下风处是空旷的,因此那里风速很大。同样,通过海上建立这些带有达60米或更大叶片的很高的风力涡轮机,也可以避免把这些风力涡轮机建立在自然风景区这类令人恼火的事。
US 6.520.737 B1公开了一种海上风力涡轮机,其带有可以泵送起海水的泵,其目的在于冷却。
发明简述
本发明的目的在于提出一种简单、有效的系统,用以防止海上风力涡轮机叶片结冰。
根据本发明,这个目的可以通过前言中提到的海上风力涡轮机的泵来实现,此泵在其泵出侧与喷嘴相连通,该喷嘴适用于将海水导引至叶片表面。海水包含盐,因此具有比淡水更低的冰点,这是个公知的事实。通过把海水导引至叶片的表面,就可以融化掉已经在风力涡轮机叶片表面形成的冰。然而,结冰控制也可以起预防作用,由于叶片的表面供给有盐水,因此在蒸发后会在叶片表面留下盐分。
海上风力涡轮机构可构造成使叶片从中心部(hub)径向向外延伸,该叶片和该中心部构成了转子,此转子安装在基本水平的主轴上。主轴可以枢轴回转方式地安装在吊舱(nacelle)中,此吊舱安装在塔架的顶部,该吊舱能够相对于塔架围绕垂直轴进行枢轴旋转,因此,可以根据风向来调整叶片的转子平面。
根据一个实施例,风力涡轮机可以包括喷嘴,其安装在塔架和叶片之间,适于向着转子平面方向喷射海水。这里的术语“喷射”可以理解为任何形式的射出水,也就是,以一股或多股水射流、水滴或水喷射的形式。
喷嘴例如可以安置在与风力涡轮机叶片的长度相对应的长度上。喷嘴可以在转子旋转时喷射海水,因此,所有的叶片,通常为3片叶片,在旋转时有海水供给。风力涡轮机也可以包括这样的系统,该系统用来确保每片独立叶片从塔架越过时可以暂时停止一段小时间。
根据一个实施例,喷嘴可以安装于吊舱上,这样,所述喷嘴就面向转子平面,而与该转子平面的取向无关。因此,就可以一直在叶片的表面上供给海水,而与偏转方向无关。比如,喷嘴可以安装在从吊舱径向向外地基本沿着塔架延伸的杆子上。
可选的是,喷嘴可以安装在塔架上。
根据本发明的一个优选实施例,喷嘴可以沿着塔架周边设置,这样叶片可以供给有海水,而与吊舱的偏转方向无关。
海上风力涡轮机也可以包括一个或多个喷嘴,这些喷嘴被安装在转子中心部上或其内。这种喷嘴可以适于将海水径向向外地喷射在叶片表面上。
根据本发明的一个特定实施例,喷嘴适于在转子前面形成由海水滴组成的水雾。这可以由安装在中心部之上或之内的喷嘴来实现。如果主轴是中空的,那么海水给水器就可以穿过主轴而被引导至喷嘴。
一个或多个喷嘴也可以被安装在吊舱上和/或塔架的上部,这样喷嘴就可以在转子前面产生水雾。
根据本发明的一个实施例,此海上风力涡轮机还包括控制系统,其用于启动泵和/或喷嘴。
该控制系统可包括冰传感器,冰传感器可安装在叶片、中心部、吊舱或塔架上。当该传感器记录到结冰时,该控制系统就可以启动泵和/或喷嘴。
可选的是,该系统可适于通过测量风力涡轮机的功率来启动/停用泵和/或喷嘴。风力涡轮机通常在一定风速时产生一定的功率。功率突然的降低可能是叶片上结冰的标志。这样,该系统就可以探测到这种功率的降低,并启动泵和/或喷嘴。
该系统也可以包括风速计,这样就可以确定功率的降低是否由风速的降低所引起。
在抽水端,泵可以和抽水管相连,此抽水管一直延伸到海平面以下。抽水管在靠近海底处有开口。因为含盐份越高,盐水越重,所以通常在海底处含盐份最高。通过抽吸起含盐量最高的盐水,就可以实现可行、有效的结冰控制。
泵也可以安装在海平面以下,可以是在塔架内部。这种方式的优点在于,把水泵压到高处要比抽吸相对容易。
通常普通的盐水含盐量为3.5%。在这种含量下,盐水通常在-3℃结冰。这样,该系统可以被调节成在这个温度下停用泵和/或喷嘴。然而,由于蒸发,因此叶片表面的含盐量可能要高的多,该系统也可以被调节成在任何其它的温度时停用泵和/或喷嘴。
根据本发明的一个特定实施例,风力涡轮机包括可以提高被导引到叶片表面上的盐水的盐含量的装置。比如,可以导引海水通过某装置,在该装置中水被蒸发,以提高盐含量。也可以通过被称为反渗透的技术来提高盐分含量。可选的是,额外的盐也可以加入到水中。
附图简述
在下文中,将参考附图中的实施例来对本发明进行详细说明,其中
图1是根据本发明的海上风力涡轮机的简图。
本发明的最佳实施方式
图1中概略显示的海上风力涡轮机包括基座3,基座3竖立于海13的底部18。形成了风力涡轮机塔架1的一部分的基座3升出海平面12。风力涡轮机的塔架1从基座进一步向上延伸,并支撑吊舱2,其也被称为风力涡轮机的盖。基本水平的主轴17从吊舱2延伸,转子包括中心部15和多片安装在该主轴上的叶片4。吊舱2可以偏转,这意味着它可以相对于塔架1而环绕着垂直轴作枢轴旋转,因此能够根据风向来调整转子。风力涡轮机带有所谓的逆风转子,风在塔架1前吹击该转子。泵6设置在基座3上。该泵在抽吸端和抽水管7相连通,抽水管7延伸到海平面12以下,这样就可以向上泵送海水。在泵出侧,泵6和两个泵管5,19相连通。其中一泵管19沿着塔架1向上延伸,且与多个喷嘴8相连。该喷嘴8适于向着转子,也就是向着叶片4方向而喷射海水,这样该叶片就可以被供给有海水。可以设置有任意数量的喷嘴8,这样就可以把海水有效地分布在叶片4的表面。第二根泵管5向上穿过塔架1而延伸到吊舱2。从那里,该泵管借助于穿过中空主轴17的给水器16而延伸到喷嘴9,喷嘴9位于中心部15的前面。喷嘴9适于在转子平面前向外喷射或者雾化海水,这样就形成了由非常小的海水滴构成的水雾10。风向由箭头W表示,其把水雾引导向转子平面的方向,因此,叶片4表面就被供给有含盐海水。
在所示的实施例中,风力涡轮机包括喷嘴8,其安装在塔架1和转子之间,而喷嘴9则安装在转子中心部15中。然而,风力涡轮机并不一定包括这两个部件。
如上所述,所示风力涡轮机14是逆风转子。然而,风力涡轮机也可以是顺风转子,其中从风向来看,转子放置在塔架1后面。在这种情况下,单个喷嘴或者多个喷嘴9安装在吊舱2上或者安装在塔架1的顶部。
附图没有示出启动/停用泵6和喷嘴8,9的系统。该系统可以包括冰传感器,用以记录结冰情况。该冰传感器可以安装在风力涡轮机14的任意位置。此系统也适于根据风力涡轮机的功率来启动/停用泵6和喷嘴8,9。当叶片上结冰时,通常功率会下降。当发现这样的功率下降时,就可以启动泵6和/或喷嘴8,9。此系统进一步包括风力测量器,比如风速计,其可以检测功率的下降是否由风速的下降所引起。如果风速没有下降,则功率的下降通常是由叶片上冰的形成所引起。
把含盐海水供给到叶片表面也可以起到预防作用。通过在叶片表面供给海水,在蒸发后,在叶片4表面上就可以得到盐份很高的膜。当淡水落在叶片4的表面上时,不会形成冰,直到空气温度降至远低于0℃。
海上风力涡轮机也可以设置有喷嘴,其适于将海水导引和喷射到塔架、中心部、吊舱、主轴或各种测量工具上或其上面。
本发明并不仅限于此处所示的实施例。因此,本发明可以与带有垂直轴的风力涡轮机一起使用。
标号列表:
1 塔架
2 吊舱
3 基座
4 叶片
5 泵管
6 泵
7 抽水管
8 喷嘴
9 喷嘴
10 水雾
11 射流
12 海平面
13 海水
14 海上风力涡轮机
15 中心部
16 给水器
17 主轴
18 海底
19 泵管
Claims (12)
1.一种海上风力涡轮机(14),其包括升出海平面(12)的塔架(1),和一片或多片叶片(4),所述叶片可以由风推动旋转,所述海上风力涡轮机还包括泵(6),所述泵适于把海水(13)从海中泵送上来,其特征在于,所述泵(6)在其泵出侧和喷嘴(8,9)相连通,所述喷嘴适于将海水导引至所述叶片(4)的表面。
2.根据权利要求1中所述的海上风力涡轮机(14),其特征在于,所述叶片(4)从中心部(15)径向向外地延伸,所述叶片和所述中心部构成转子,所述转子安装在基本水平的主轴(17)上。
3.根据权利要求2中所述的海上风力涡轮机(14),其特征在于,所述主轴(17)以枢轴回转方式安装在吊舱(2)中,所述吊舱(2)安装于塔架(1)的顶部上,所述吊舱(2)能够相对于塔架(1)围绕垂直轴而枢轴式地旋转,因此,就能够根据风向(W)来调整叶片(4)的转子平面。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的海上风力涡轮机(14),其特征在于,所述风力涡轮机包括喷嘴(8),所述喷嘴(8)设置在所述塔架(1)和叶片(4)之间,并且适于向着转子平面的方向而喷射海水。
5.根据权利要求3和4中任一项所述的海上风力涡轮机(14),其特征在于,所述喷嘴(8)安装在吊舱(2)上,这样,所述喷嘴就面向所述转子平面,而与所述转子平面的取向无关。
6.根据权利要求4所述的海上风力涡轮机(14),其特征在于,所述喷嘴(8)安装在塔架(1)上。
7.根据权利要求6所述的海上风力涡轮机(14),其特征在于,所述喷嘴(8)沿着塔架(1)的周边设置。
8.根据权利要求2所述的海上风力涡轮机(14),其特征在于,所述风力涡轮机包括一个或多个喷嘴(9),所述喷嘴(9)设置在所述转子中心部(15)内或其上。
9.根据权利要求8所述的海上风力涡轮机(14),其特征在于,所述喷嘴(9)适于在所述转子前面产生由海水滴形成的水雾(10)。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的海上风力涡轮机(14),其特征在于,所述风力涡轮机包括用于启动所述泵(6)和/或喷嘴(8,9)的控制系统。
11.根据权利要求10所述的海上风力涡轮机(14),其特征在于,所述控制系统包括冰传感器,所述冰传感器设置在叶片(4)、中心部(15)、吊舱(2)或塔架(1)上。
12.根据权利要求10或11所述的海上风力涡轮机(14),其特征在于,所述控制系统适于通过测量所述风力涡轮机的功率来启动/停用所述泵(6)和/或喷嘴(8,9)。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DK200401968A DK176133B1 (da) | 2004-12-21 | 2004-12-21 | Offshore-vindmölle med isbekæmpelsesindretning |
DKPA200401968 | 2004-12-21 | ||
PCT/DK2005/000812 WO2006066591A1 (en) | 2004-12-21 | 2005-12-21 | Offshore wind turbine with device for ice prevention |
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CN101124402A true CN101124402A (zh) | 2008-02-13 |
CN101124402B CN101124402B (zh) | 2010-05-26 |
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US (1) | US7802961B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1836393B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN101124402B (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE484673T1 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2591600C (zh) |
DE (1) | DE602005024177D1 (zh) |
DK (2) | DK176133B1 (zh) |
NO (1) | NO338947B1 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2006066591A1 (zh) |
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- 2005-12-21 CN CN2005800484615A patent/CN101124402B/zh active Active
- 2005-12-21 US US11/794,163 patent/US7802961B2/en active Active
- 2005-12-21 WO PCT/DK2005/000812 patent/WO2006066591A1/en active Application Filing
- 2005-12-21 DK DK05821195.4T patent/DK1836393T3/da active
- 2005-12-21 DE DE602005024177T patent/DE602005024177D1/de active Active
- 2005-12-21 EP EP05821195A patent/EP1836393B1/en active Active
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1836393B1 (en) | 2010-10-13 |
CA2591600A1 (en) | 2006-06-29 |
DE602005024177D1 (de) | 2010-11-25 |
US7802961B2 (en) | 2010-09-28 |
DK1836393T3 (da) | 2010-11-22 |
CN101124402B (zh) | 2010-05-26 |
ATE484673T1 (de) | 2010-10-15 |
US20080317583A1 (en) | 2008-12-25 |
EP1836393A1 (en) | 2007-09-26 |
CA2591600C (en) | 2013-02-19 |
NO338947B1 (no) | 2016-11-07 |
DK200401968A (da) | 2006-06-22 |
WO2006066591A1 (en) | 2006-06-29 |
NO20073838L (no) | 2007-07-20 |
DK176133B1 (da) | 2006-09-18 |
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