CN101119935A - 水处理方法 - Google Patents

水处理方法 Download PDF

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CN101119935A
CN101119935A CNA2005800430899A CN200580043089A CN101119935A CN 101119935 A CN101119935 A CN 101119935A CN A2005800430899 A CNA2005800430899 A CN A2005800430899A CN 200580043089 A CN200580043089 A CN 200580043089A CN 101119935 A CN101119935 A CN 101119935A
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sewage
water
described method
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蒂埃里·鲁捷
尤金·皮纳尔
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Analysis Measurement Pollution (amp) LLC
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    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C02F1/467—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction
    • C02F1/4672—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction by electrooxydation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/66—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by neutralisation; pH adjustment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
    • C02F1/722—Oxidation by peroxides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
    • C02F1/725—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation by catalytic oxidation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
    • C02F1/76—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation with halogens or compounds of halogens
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
    • C02F1/46109—Electrodes
    • C02F2001/46133—Electrodes characterised by the material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/007—Contaminated open waterways, rivers, lakes or ponds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/02—Non-contaminated water, e.g. for industrial water supply
    • C02F2103/023—Water in cooling circuits
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/22—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from the processing of animals, e.g. poultry, fish, or parts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
    • C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
    • C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
    • C02F2201/4616—Power supply
    • C02F2201/4617—DC only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
    • C02F2303/04—Disinfection
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2305/00—Use of specific compounds during water treatment
    • C02F2305/02—Specific form of oxidant
    • C02F2305/023—Reactive oxygen species, singlet oxygen, OH radical

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
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  • Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
  • Food Preservation Except Freezing, Refrigeration, And Drying (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Water By Oxidation Or Reduction (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种处理含或不含病原体的污水的方法，以降低所述污水对环境的影响，或者使所述污水适于饮用。所述方法的特征在于包括下述步骤：i.将污水引入到包括电极的槽中，ii.在pH为6～10时，将少量产生羟基离子的处理剂加入到所述污水中，并且iii.在所述电极之间施加最多30分钟的固定时间的直流电。

Description

水处理方法
技术领域
本发明主要涉及水处理领域。特别是，本发明涉及一种在氧化离子存在下电解处理污水的方法。
背景技术
许多工业和公共部门大量使用水，发现这些水在使用过程中被污染。水对于大多数的大型工业食品加工公司来说是必需要素。多数该类处理水在使用后返回自然环境。这类水可能含有有机物质，而且其因此成为接收其的水源或环境的重要污染源。
在不同类型的废水中，屠宰场产生的废水无疑是含有有机物和致病微生物最多的废水中的一种。在屠宰厂，所述废水来自屠宰过程的水、来自清洗的水、冷凝的水和来自冷却的水。
在其它工业部门，用水冷却产品或制造工艺的设备，特别是通过冷却塔的方式。在冷却塔中，水通过蒸发、清洗系统或作为气雾剂(小液滴的雾)或通过液滴夹带而消耗。
气雾剂是指流动的，作为小液滴在冷却塔中带走的一部分水，其很容易分散到环境中。这部分水含有大量溶解的矿物质、化学品和包括军团菌(Legionella)和其它细菌的微生物。
目前已知许多处理污水的方法。
一些处理方法应用电絮凝型、电浮选型、或者电聚沉型的电解技术。
采用这些处理方法，明显能分解化学污染物和脱除水中的悬浮固体成分。因此，这些方法对于化学净化污水或多或少是有效的，但是没有定量地除去也存在于废水中的微生物，这些微生物是致病的或非致病的。此外，为了获得显著的处理结果，需要污水重复通过处理槽或者停留在处理槽中数小时，由此导致长的处理时间，和超额的操作能量。
发明内容
本发明旨在克服已知的污水处理方法的缺点。
本发明的目的是提出一种处理显著地含有微生物的污水或残余水的方法，使用这种方法，可以在污水单次通过处理槽期间定量除去化学废物和所述微生物。通过使用该方法，不但可以显著降低高度污染的水例如回收水对环境的影响，而且可以使得较轻污染的水例如河水从微生物学的观点来说是可饮用的。
本发明涉及一种处理含有致病或非致病微生物的污水以降低所述污水对环境的影响、或者甚至使得所述污水可饮用的方法，其特征在于，其包括下列步骤：
i.将污水引入到包括电极的槽中，
ii.在将污水的pH值调节到6～12之后，将少量产生氧化离子的处理剂加入到所述污水中，和
iii.在所述电极之间施加一定时间的直流电，所述时间根据污水类型确定，最多为30分钟。
根据各种实施方案，该处理方法具有下述特征，如果必要可以合并：
-所述处理剂选自包括以下的氧化剂的组：
-XO-、XO3 -、XO4 -，其中X为卤素；
-过氧化氢溶液；
-或者任何其它能够形成过氧化物和能够释放0.5～3ml氯滴定度为9°的次氯酸钠消毒液的氧化当量的氧化剂；
-在污水中加入每升水0.5ml～3ml的下述物质：
-氯滴定度为9°的市售次氯酸钠消毒液，或
-过氧化氢溶液，110volumes，稀释22倍；
-所述电极为金属或碳；
-在相邻电极之间施加电压为1～40V的直流电；
-根据污水的性质，施加可变时间的直流电；
-污水仅通过所述槽的电极间一次；
-通过该处理失活的微生物是细菌和/或病毒。
具体实施方式
阅读下述示例性实施方案后，其它特征和优点会显而易见。
实施例1.处理来自屠宰场的回收水的试验
根据本发明的方法处理确定体积的屠宰场污水：
-将污水引入到包括两个铁电极的槽中；
-如果需要，将所述污水的pH值调节到6～10，向所述污水中加入给定量的处理剂。将或氯滴定度为9°的市售次氯酸钠消毒液或110volumes稀释22倍的过氧化氢溶液用作处理剂，其量为每升污水0.5ml、1.0ml或1.5ml；
-在所述电极之间施加给定时间的直流电(5～40V)：15分钟或30分钟。
在处理前和处理后，对所述水进行微生物分析。通过装有使细菌显著地生长的适当培养基(PCA)的Petri培养皿，如下地进行水样的微生物分析：
-将确定体积的污水沉积在所述培养基的表面上；
-将Petri培养皿在30℃培养24～48小时；
-在培养期结束时，视觉观察菌落的可能发展，并用每毫升的集落形成单位(UFC)的数目表示。
试验条件以及所得到的结果示于下表1中。右栏中所用的术语“不可数的”表示是所观察到的集落形成单位的数非常大，以至于不能准确地计数。
  试验   次氯酸钠消毒液(ml)   过氧化氢溶液   处理时间(分)   UFC/0.5ml
  A1A2A3   ---   ---   01530   不可数不可数1200
  B1B2B3   0.50.50.5   ---   01530   不可数30180
  C1C2C3   1.01.01.0   ---   01530   不可数516
  D1D2D3   ---   0.50.50.5   01530   不可数83
  E1E2E3   ---   1.01.01.0   01530   不可数20050
  F1F2F3   1.51.51.5   ---   01530   不可数1015
  G1G2G3   ---   1.51.51.5   01530   不可数82
表1
这些结果表明，根据本发明的废水处理基本上消除所述回收水中存在的细菌，并且处理时间最长为30分钟。在下述条件下的处理最有效：
-以每升污水0.5ml和1ml氯滴定度为9°的次氯酸钠消毒液的比例，和15分钟的处理时间(分别为试验B2和C2)；
-以每升污水0.5ml和1.5ml过氧化氢溶液的比例，和30分钟的处理时间(分别为试验D3和G3)。
实施例2.在处理之前和之后的回收水的微生物分析
分别在根据本发明的处理(施加10分钟到30分钟的直流电)之前和之后，分别在里尔的巴斯德学院(L’Institut Pasteur de Lille)(批准的分析水的标准实验室)和Laboratoire SantéEnvironment Hygiène ofLyons对屠宰场污水或冷却塔污水进行微生物分析。所得结果示于表2中；
这些结果表明，该用于处理含有致病微生物的回收水，特别是处理屠宰场或冷却塔的回收水的方法，能够大幅降低或者甚至抑制致病微生物的含量。
  污水  参数   方法   处理之前的结果   处理之后的结果
  来自屠宰厂的原水  体细胞噬菌体F-RNA噬菌体   ISO 10705-2/2000ISO 10705-1：1995   3.14×104/ml86/ml   ＜0.5/ml＜0.5/ml
  来自冷却塔的原水  包括嗜肺军团菌(Legionellapneumophila)的军团菌   过滤过滤   65000UFC/I65000UFC/I   ＜250UFC/I＜250UFC/I
表2
实施例3.处理河水的试验
在根据本发明的处理之前和之后，在Petri培养皿上对河水样品(取自索姆河(Somme)的水)进行细菌分析。这些分析由le LaboratoireDépartemental d’Amiens进行。所得结果示于表3。
这些结果表明，根据本发明对河水处理1～5分钟几乎完全消除所述水中存在的微生物，并且这是短至1分半(试验A4)，或者3分钟(试验A5)的处理时间。另一方面，向河水中加次氯酸钠消毒水而不进行电解处理，并不足以使得其最终从微生物学的观点看是可以饮用的(试验A3)。
  试验   特征   处理时间   细菌分析   结果
  A   原水   0   菌苔
  A1   原水   1分30秒   1UFC
  A2   原水   3分钟   30UFC   不可饮用
  A3   原水+1ml次氯酸钠消毒液   0   6UFC
  A4   原水+1ml次氯酸钠消毒液   1分30秒   1UFC
  A5   原水+1ml次氯酸钠消毒液   3分钟   0UFC   可饮用
表3
实施例4.处理包含原生动物的水的试验
在根据本发明的处理之前和之后，在显微镜下观察来自Chaulnes当地(la station communale)曝气池的水样。观察结果显示，在未处理的污水样品中存在许多活性原生动物。
将某些样品引入包括两个电极的槽中，然后以1ml/l的量加入次氯酸钠消毒液。在所述电极之间通可变时间的直流电(20V，2A)。显示，处理5分钟后，仍然残存有活的原生动物。另一方面，根据本发明处理10分钟后，所有的原生动物都死亡了。
所述处理废水的方法有许多优点：
-其应用简单，仅需要包括金属电极的反应器；
-处理剂是普通的廉价的商业产品，并且以低剂量使用。

Claims (9)

1.一种处理含有致病的或非致病的微生物的污水以降低所述污水对环境的影响、或者甚至使得所述污水可饮用的方法，其特征在于其包括下列步骤：
i.将污水引入包括电极的槽中，
ii.在pH为6～10时，将少量产生氧化离子的处理剂加入到所述污水中，和
iii.在所述电极之间施加确定时间的直流电。
2.权利要求1所述的处理方法，其特征在于所述处理剂选自氧化剂，比如XO-、XO3 -、XO4 -，其中X为卤素；过氧化氢溶液；或能够形成过氧化物和能够释放0.5～3ml氯滴定度为9°的次氯酸钠消毒液的氧化当量的其它氧化化合物。
3.权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于所述污水中被加入：
-氯滴定度为9°的市售次氯酸钠消毒液，或
-110volumes，稀释22倍的过氧化氢溶液，其量为每升污水0.5ml～3ml。
4.权利要求1～3任一项所述的方法，其特征在于所述电极为金属或碳。
5.权利要求1～4任一项所述的方法，其特征在于在相邻电极之间施加电压为1～40V的直流电。
6.权利要求1～5任一项所述的方法，其特征在于对来自屠宰场或冷却塔的回收水施加10～30分钟的直流电。
7.权利要求1～5任一项所述的方法，其特征在于对河水施加1～5分钟的直流电。
8.权利要求1～5任一项所述的方法，其特征在于对含有原生动物的水施加最多10分钟的直流电。
9.权利要求1～7任一项所述的方法，其特征在于通过该处理失活的微生物为细菌和/或病毒。
CNA2005800430899A 2004-12-16 2005-12-15 水处理方法 Pending CN101119935A (zh)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101704607B (zh) * 2009-10-26 2011-09-28 深圳市朗坤环保有限公司 一种动物类危险固体废物蒸煮废水处理方法
CN101998936B (zh) * 2008-04-07 2013-09-11 Arc阿罗马珀尔公司 用于使微生物失去活性的装置

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JP2000005755A (ja) * 1998-06-24 2000-01-11 Konica Corp 水処理方法及び水処理装置
IL125592A (en) * 1998-07-30 2004-06-01 Argad Eyal Water Treat Technol Water treatment
US6045707A (en) * 1998-09-21 2000-04-04 The Research Foundation Of State University Electrochemical peroxidation of contaminated liquids and slurries

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101998936B (zh) * 2008-04-07 2013-09-11 Arc阿罗马珀尔公司 用于使微生物失去活性的装置
CN101704607B (zh) * 2009-10-26 2011-09-28 深圳市朗坤环保有限公司 一种动物类危险固体废物蒸煮废水处理方法

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FR2879590B1 (fr) 2007-08-03
BRPI0519018B8 (pt) 2016-11-16
WO2006064135A1 (fr) 2006-06-22
MX2007007289A (es) 2008-01-22
EP1828062B1 (fr) 2016-02-03
AU2005315467A1 (en) 2006-06-22
BRPI0519018B1 (pt) 2016-06-14
FR2879590A1 (fr) 2006-06-23

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