Background technology:
When GPS utilizes Navsat to survey and range finding, be current state-of-the-art accurate satellite navigation and location system.It not only has global, round-the-clock, robotization and continuous accurate three-dimensional localization ability, and can also measure speed, the attitude of receiver in real time and accurately time service.Along with it every field such as military, economic construction and scientific experiment use flourish, it will will develop towards broader scope and more deep level in infiltrations military, civilian various aspects, thereby also can bring the requirements at the higher level to each performance of GPS navigation location receiver.
Gps satellite adopts spread spectrum to send satellite navigation message, its frequency band up to 20MHz about, on the lower L-band of occupancy, be easy to transmit the width signal behind the spread spectrum.Along with the NAVSTAR growth of requirement, the expansion of application, various NAVSTAR have also had higher performance requirement, need be a lot of technical improvement, comprise start-up time, under more weak satellite-signal, work, and the energy resource consumption of use power etc.
About this performance requirement start-up time, these more than ten years are much accounted of in the location requirement of modern society gradually.Comprise three aspects start-up time: cold start-up time, startup temperature time and warm start time.The number of known parameters has determined to carry out their which kind of startups in three in current time, user's initial position, almanac and these parameters of ephemeris.Wherein, each all starts under the condition of unknown in time, initial position, almanac and ephemeris exactly in cold start-up, the time of positioning result from beginning to producing.Under most situation, the inducement that enters cold start-up generally is the startup temperature failure that causes of the change by initial position or user's the start first of dispatching from the factory, therefore can improved strategy be after searching first satellite fast, search for again several satellites up to can be directly from the demodulating data of satellite-signal with calculate the location of present receiving machine; After obtaining a general position, carry out startup temperature again.
And this cold start-up time is decided by to capture the time of the satellite (for more accurate location) of sufficient amount to a great extent.So, improve the global position system acquisition speed and can improve this important performance of cold start-up time greatly.
About working this on the one hand under more weak satellite-signal, for the navigation positioning system by the gps satellite location, the strong and weak situation of its satellite-signal that receives is decided by factors such as the spaciousness, surrounding environment of receiver crown sky visual field.So, vehicle or user when satellite being had the building of blocking or trees, or satellite-signal is when being subjected to stronger interference, and the readability of satellite-signal and accuracy all can be subjected to very big influence, can reduce the degree of accuracy of NAVSTAR location to a great extent.And this situation frequency of occurrences in the use of Position Fixing Navigation System is very high, so must reduce the negative effect of more weak satellite-signal to NAVSTAR to the full extent in the design of civilian even non-civilian location product.
In addition, aspect the operating power energy consumption, because the GPS baseband processing chip is through being usually used in using the portable set of battery, as palm PC, smart mobile phone, integrated navigating instrument, measure equipment and various other use the GPS baseband processing chip to position the equipment of navigation, low-power consumption is for one of user Lai Shuoshi very important index.When the GPS operation of receiver, the meeting consumption rate is many a lot of energy when closing.Therefore, when design GPS receiver, effectively shorten its working time, for example reduce capture time and also can help to solve the problem that energy consumption is saved.
In addition, because acquisition procedure is the ergodic process of a stochastic variable, it has comprised a lot of random factors, and these factors can influence the accuracy of catching to a great extent:
1) the initial uncertainty of sign indicating number sequence (GPS adopts the PN sign indicating number) phase place;
2) channel distortion (such as, fading channel, additivity interference etc. all is a stochastic variable);
3) random data that may exist;
4) Wei Zhi carrier phase (incoherent reception) or Doppler shift;
5) additive white Gaussian noise of system front end part.
So, the catching method of GPS receiver is improved, can under the probabilistic situation that solves these random factors, not only carry out catching of satellite at faster speed, also can handle more weak satellite-signal, be a very useful invention.This helps to significantly reduce the cold start-up time, helps to increase the degree of accuracy that receiver under the more weak satellite-signal is caught satellite and location, also helps effectively to reduce the work power consumption of GPS receiver.
Summary of the invention:
The principles of science and technical support involved in the present invention are as follows:
At present in the use of synchronization acquistion algorithm (or search), ripe and what extensively adopt is the relevant search technology, promptly adopt the local sequence and the receiving sequence of out of phase to carry out related calculation, judge by the size of correlation whether sequence is synchronous.When catching, judge that the basis for estimation whether signal exists is to carry out despreading and demodulation to received signal respectively with local default spreading code and carrier wave, judge whether operation result surpasses thresholding.
The search of satellite-signal is exactly to determine three unknown quantitys: the code phase of satellite sequence number (pseudo-random code sign indicating number number), Doppler's (Doppler) frequency displacement and pseudo-random code (C/A sign indicating number).A complete gps satellite signal search plan must comprise the three-dimensional search process of these three unknown quantitys.The strategy that cold start-up is often taked at present is a traversal search, can realize location (2D location) for the first time when capturing abundant satellite (common 3).(search of sign indicating number has several different methods, for example circular correlation, delay and accumulation search and serial search.Be the example explanation for convenience with the serial search in this document.)
The relative receiver of satellite is made high-speed motion, and this motion will add a Doppler shift on carrier frequency and code frequency.20, the gps satellite of the high dry running of 000km, its navigator fix signal at the satellite Doppler shift that user's receiving antenna produces is:
The computing method of formula 1 Doppler shift
In the formula: f
sCarrier frequency for the gps satellite emission;
f
rThe carrier frequency of the satellites transmits of receiving for receiver user;
f
dBe Doppler shift;
C is the light velocity;
V
RBe the radial velocity of gps satellite with respect to receiver user, i.e. pseudorange rate of change.
Wherein, the pseudorange rate of change is
V
R=V
Scosγ
The computing method of formula 2 pseudorange rate of change
In the formula: V
STravelling speed for gps satellite;
γ is for putting arc length between user and the gps satellite substar.
By formula 1 and formula 2 as seen, carrier frequency is high more, and Doppler shift is just big more, and the travel speed of measuring the user is also favourable more.For example, work as f
s=1575.42MHz, V
S=3.8706km/s, c=3 * 10
8M/s, during γ=30 °, the maximum doppler frequency that this signal produces only is 17.603kHz.
Search strategy in the acquisition procedure is a very important aspect, and promptly verifier adopts certain specific algorithm to travel through process between the phase region of whole position.Usually, whole unknown phase interval is divided into limited minizone, detects a minizone at every turn.Detection can be adopted relevant mode or irrelevant mode; Can adopt different correlation integrals; Also can adopt different decision rule.Under satellite sequence number known case, overlapping the two-dimensional search scheme with one of common employing is example, as shown in Figure 1.Doppler shift is with-f
DMAX~f
DMAXFor the frequency range of the scope frequency range of 17.603kHz~17.603kHz scope (for example,-) is divided into N
fSection.Then the number of times that will search for when once traveling through the Doppler shift scope is:
N
f=f
dMAX×2/Δf
3 Doppler shift traversals of formula are the computing method of Doppler shift frequency range number down
In the formula: N
fBe that a Doppler shift scope travels through the number of times that needs search, i.e. Doppler shift frequency range number;
Δ f is the Doppler shift step-size in search, i.e. the Doppler shift scope of a minizone.
For each the interval code phase that guarantees search all has sign indicating number correlation properties preferably, also reduce the phase place interval number of search simultaneously, 1023 chips of a complete cycle are pressed all-key sheet or littler chip as step length searching.Then want a code phase traversal to need the number of times of search to be:
N
c=1023/Δc
4 code phase traversals of formula are the computing method of code phase interval number down
In the formula: N
cBe that a code phase travels through the number of times that needs search, i.e. code phase interval number;
Δ c is the chip step-length of each search.
To adopt half chip is example, i.e. Δ c=1/2, and then the code phase number is 2046; Promptly when being step length searching with half chip, 1023 chips of a complete cycle of traversal need be searched for chip 2046 times.
If finishing search, each minizone (combination of a corresponding code phase and Doppler shift point) need time T
Grid, the then once complete two-dimensional search time spent is
T=N
fN
cT
grid
The once complete two-dimensional search required time of formula 5
In the formula: T is complete two-dimensional search required time once;
T
GridFor finishing the time that search needs in each minizone;
N
fBe the interval number of the Doppler shift that to search for.
Under above-mentioned technological concept and principle relation, primary and foremost purpose of the present invention provides a kind of method that the gps satellite satellite positioning and navigation receiver is caught fast that is used for.This method by in the first run traversal search of Doppler shift in gps satellite is caught with strict search condition, the setting of the correlation parameter of control Doppler shift search etc. searches most effectively signals of satellite with less time and operand; Make by after traversal search in these search parameters are carried out adaptive adjustment, relax search condition, thereby further effectively capture satellite.Can under the cost of minimum time and minimum operand, search the signal of effective satellite after employing the inventive method,, effectively reduce the average cold start-up time to reach the optimization of search efficiency, search T.T. and operand.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of equipment of realizing the foregoing invention method.
As follows according to its concrete technical scheme of foregoing invention purpose:
With regard to know-why, the inventive method is come the optimization searching process by some parameter adaptive variations exactly on search strategy, improves search efficiency, to reduce capture time.The harvesting policy optimization method of indication of the present invention is primarily aimed at certain satellite to acquisition procedure, the search strategy when especially a satellite does not all capture.
Need to prove that the acquisition procedure of satellite is the three-dimensional search process of Doppler shift, code phase and satellite sequence number.Wherein the traversal of the traversal of Doppler shift and code phase mutually combines.Below explanation is carried out the Doppler shift traversal again and is example only to carry out code searching earlier; Otherwise in like manner.The search of sign indicating number has several different methods, for example circular correlation, delay and accumulation search and serial search.Be the example explanation for convenience with the serial search in this document.
Specifically, a kind of method that satellite is caught fast proposed by the invention, this method comprises:
Be to improve acquiring satellite efficient, effectively reduce the parameter adjustment step of the adaptive Doppler shift search that mean acquisition time carries out;
Specify as follows:
(1) for certain satellite, in the search procedure of catching, rough initial Doppler shift way of search is faster adopted in first run search; For example adopt than large search step-length or the less first Doppler shift scope of searching near Doppler shift value probability of happening the highest (for example, null value) in Doppler shift hunting zone;
(2) if successfully catch this satellite, then jump out the search procedure of this satellite; Otherwise,,, then enter step (3) if still do not capture this satellite-signal if after the first round, complete Doppler shift traversal search was finished;
(3) take turns when catching this satellite second, then suitably adopt stricter way of search again, for example enlarge the hunting zone of Doppler shift or adopt littler search Doppler shift step-length;
(4) by that analogy, repeating step (2) and step (3) increase the strict degree of search gradually, for example enlarge the hunting zone of Doppler shift and dwindle step-size in search; The degree that can need select the number of times that repeats and each search condition to increase by practical application, for example scope amount of Kuo Daing and the step-size amounts of at every turn dwindling.
Wherein search parameter needs to set according to the use and the performance requirement of real satellite receiver.
Initial Doppler shift hunting zone can for example be the value of maximum doppler frequency scope 1/4th with less value in the step (1); Perhaps bigger Doppler shift step-length, then searching times is less.Because in actual applications, signal especially commonly used disturbs in the open-air preferably location navigation application of more city or signal, and the Doppler shift of common satellite mostly is all a less value.Even adopt be the value of maximum doppler frequency scope 1/4th as hunting zone and bigger Doppler shift step-length, just can search very most effective satellite.According to formula 3 and formula 5, because hunting zone-f
DMAX~f
DMAXReduced, perhaps the Doppler shift range delta f of a minizone becomes big, then is equivalent to a Doppler shift scope and travels through the times N that needs search
fMinimizing, search time, T also reduced.Therefore, adopt less initial Doppler shift hunting zone, guaranteeing to have significantly reduced search time under the prerequisite that search is successful under most situations.
But because other actual Doppler shift value is not within the hunting zone; The Doppler shift of Sou Suo Doppler shift value and real satellite has trickle differing in addition, and conference causes the inaccurate of correlated results if this differs relatively, seriously possibly can't capture actual effectively satellite.And adopt less Doppler shift step length searching or less these relatively stricter search parameters of hunting zone, though accuracy has raising to a certain extent, increased required search time greatly.So the setting of Doppler shift search parameter also needs use and the performance requirement according to the real satellite receiver.
And the setting of the search parameter of the Doppler shift after the strictness in step (3) and searching times (being the number of times of repeating step (2) and step (3)) need be considered with mutually combining: make that receiving function searches effective satellite in the minimum time, under suitable time cost, judge and give up invalid satellite, to reach the optimization of search T.T. and efficient.
The inventive method is by the adaptive adjustment of search parameter in catching, in first run traversal search, capture most effectively signals of satellite with less time and operand, and by after traversal search in relax further effectively search of satellite of search condition: under minimum time, operand cost, search the signal of effective satellite, to reach the optimization of search efficiency, search T.T. and operand.Therefore also can effectively reduce the average cold start-up time, reduce receiver power and work energy consumption, by the efficient search that has that guarantees under the weak signal that relaxes of condition in the traversal search once more, the performance requirement that solves present GPS be had certain help simultaneously.
In addition, according to a kind of equipment that can realize that gps satellite when navigation catches fast to satellite that the inventive method thinking is provided, this equipment be a kind of provide catch the quick catching device that parameter adaptive is adjusted, comprising:
Be used to receive with the effective satellite-signal of demodulation and carry out the reception of operation of code acquisition and the GPS that handles gps satellite signal catches processing module;
Each catches parameter to be used for adaptive in due course adjusting, and control correlator, FFT, GPS catch processing module the relevant search parameter catch the parameter regulation module;
Be used for discrete time-domain signal is gathered the fast Fourier transformation equipment that calculates with Fourier;
Be used for the receiver locating information of handling through computing unit is sent to the communication interface of positional information display device or apparatus for vehicle navigation
Fast Fourier transformation equipment can be realized by hardware in the said apparatus, also can be realized by software.The implementation of software is for adopting special-purpose DSP program, and program can be the development sequence of the digital signal processor special use of C Programming with Pascal Language program or special use, adopts the algorithm of base 2 or base 4, realizes quick Fourier transformation computation.The implementation of hardware adopts the ASIC modular unit of special-purpose fast Fourier transformation operation.
This method is because when search, preferentially catch with the condition of the fastest search in most probable scope, and then the situation of consider to leak mending, to existing and the catching method dimension search improves and improves at present, effectively catch satellite with the time and the operand cost of minimum.After adopting this method, time and operand can effectively reduce to 1/3rd, even still less.
Embodiment:
For technological means, creation characteristic that the present invention is realized, reach purpose and effect is easy to understand, below in conjunction with concrete diagram, further set forth the present invention.
According to the technical scheme in the foregoing invention content, its flow process need to prove that " more rough initial search parameters is set " of indication among the figure is meant such as less Doppler shift scope, bigger Doppler shift step-length etc. as shown in Figure 2.And " increasing the strict degree of search parameter " is meant such as enlarging the Doppler shift scope, reducing Doppler shift step-length etc.Enumerate concrete example below.
Adopt first catch code phase place in the present embodiment, travel through the way of search of Doppler shift again; Otherwise in like manner.
If the corresponding code phase of each grid is interval and the combination of a Doppler shift frequency range, as shown in Figure 1.The search of sign indicating number has several different methods, for example circular correlation, delay and accumulation search and serial search.Be the example explanation for convenience with the serial search in this document.
As shown in Figure 4, Doppler's frequency band search time rule is Δ T (Δ T generally is decided to be 1~5 C/A sign indicating number cycle for length integral time among the figure).If initially Doppler shift territory scope is-3.5kHz~3.5kHz, in 1 short sign indicating number cycle, do integration, set Doppler shift step delta f and be about 667Hz, then the Doppler shift scope of frequency field is divided into 10 frequency ranges.
Be 10 * 1023 * 2=20460 with regard to the number of combinations that has obtained Doppler shift and code phase like this.If at frequency field parallel search C/A sign indicating number, then as long as in this scope, no matter the Doppler shift of signal and C/A code phase toward which direction are offset, ultimate system can detect.
Initial Doppler shift scope and Doppler shift step-length so are provided with, even in the vehicular applications in the normal noisy urban environment of satellite-signal, also can capture most effective satellite in first run search.Therefore both guaranteed that higher capture rate was arranged, also effectively shortened search time.
The mode that can adopt the present invention to mention when carrying out the Doppler shift search is by beginning than the zonule of the possibility maximum that searches Doppler shift, to the bigger range searching of absolute value.
In first round search, as long as capture one or more satellites, just can estimate the actual Doppler shift that arrives, obtain satellite ephemeris etc., can carry out the effectively estimation of satellite on the sky, enter startup temperature.
After the first round of all satellites, search all finished,, then consider, search parameter is adopted more tolerant condition: the Doppler shift hunting zone is brought up to-17.603kHz~17.603kHz according to content of the present invention if do not search enough satellites; The step-length of Doppler shift is adjusted to 300Hz.Here be example once to change all a plurality of search parameters.Each parameter of change or a plurality of parameter all are in like manner.
In addition as shown in Figure 3, this is illustrated as the quick catching device that parameter adaptive is adjusted of catching provided by the invention, comprising:
A GPS who receives and handle gps satellite signal catches processing module, is used to receive and effective satellite-signal of demodulation and the operation of carrying out code acquisition.
Catch the parameter regulation module for one, each catches parameter to be used for adaptive in due course adjusting, and control correlator, FFT, GPS catch the relevant search parameter of processing module.To receive the decode signal, carry out the satellite-signal sign indicating number and peel off with carrier wave and peel off from gps satellite.
A FFT (fast Fourier transformation equipment) is used for discrete time-domain signal gathered with Fourier and calculates.FFT can be realized by hardware, also can be realized by software.
A communication interface is used for the receiver locating information of handling through computing unit is sent to positional information display device or apparatus for vehicle navigation.
That more than enumerates only is based on the preferable basic embodiment of the present invention, can not be used for limiting scope of the present invention.Any to the invention process step, each parameter comprehensive variation and be equal to change and all be no more than exposure of the present invention and protection domain.